Nuclear missile defense zone. Nuclear vibuhu battle area. Qi can you see in nuclear war?: It will be one time. If a nuclear zbroya has appeared

What is the maximum radius of the atomic bomb?

1. 3rd svitova vіyna on the poros of our house and IDT won
2. 20 kilotons - the zone of ruin and significant days - not more than 4 km. The official factor of growth is like a cubic root with exertion. So, if you need to cover a radius of 40 km (Moscow) - a charge of 1000 times more is required - 20 megatons. And then, as you rush over the Kremlin, beyond the third ring there is no harm.
3. 
   
   
   
   
   Everything was booming there:
   Visoat "mushroom" - 64 km.
   
   
   
   
   
   If they wanted to pick up not 50 MT, but all 100 MT ...
4. Yaki buli traces of nuclear vibuhu in Nagasaki (21 kilotons in TNT equivalent):

   In a radius of 1 km to the epicenter: as much as all people and creatures have lost their minds as a result of the inflow of vibuchic weakness and high temperatures. Trees are made, booths and booths, boules of corn into powder.

   At a distance of 2 km to the epicenter: people and creatures have lost their way, and a great deal of suffering has been caused by an injury of a serious degree of severity through a shock and high temperature. Nearly 80% of the woods, the buddies and the other buddies, were rounded, and when they expanded from the other districts, they burned a great part of the ruins. The concrete and zalizni stovpi have become too small. Roslini were charred and bogged down.

   Mіzh 3 km і 4 km: a part of people and creatures rejected the wounds of the seriousness from the fragments, so they spread, and some of the descriptions from the thermal exchanges. Items of dark color, as a rule, were slept. Most of the weekends and the last weekends are partly rounded, and the days of the days and the trees are all over the place. Utsіlіlі telephone lines from the tree charred from the side, facing the epіcenter.

   Between 4 km and 8 km: a part of people and creatures rejected the injury of the small hardness of flying splinters, and the booths of the boulevard were often zruynovan and shkodzheni.

   In the radius of 15 km: the shock was clearly seen from the vibuhu. Vіkna bouly rozbitі, doors and paperwork partitions polamanі.
   (Urakami.narod.ru)

   Known close to the epicenter: human hands caught in the melted shmat

   The result of the vibuhu of the nuclear annex "Ivan" (58 megatons):

   - The vibuhu nucleus mushroom has grown to a height of 64 km.
   - Radius vognyanoy kuli vibuhu buv approximately 4.5 kilometers.
   - Viprominuvannya could wipe out the third step at a distance of up to one hundred kilometers.
   - Shock hvilya, scho was victorious as a result of vibuhu, three times it beat the earthly kulu.
   - The ionization of the atmosphere has become the reason for the overshoot of the radio link to navigate in hundreds of kilometers to the polygon for one year.
   - The witnesses saw the blow and were able to describe the vibuchs at a distance of thousands of kilometers from the center. Also, the shock of the hvilya reached the Dixon Island, de-povibivat vіkna in the booths.
   (Вікіпедія)

5. a lot 🙂
6. when vibuhu cores go all Electricity .... if only if you accept the lamp system that will start the electronics, then there will be norms) you will be able to use that electronics which is guilty of viklyuchina!
7. The maximum radius of destruction of an atomic and even more nuclear bomb is definitely even more important. The nuclear bomb has only a few hostile factors:
   Penetrating radioactivity is the reason for the hard range of vipprominuvannya. Yogo radius is even great - from kilometers to several tens of kilometers. In the radii of decilkokh kilometers, all alive will take a strong dose of oprominennya.
   Shock resistance is the radius of resistance from the pivkilometer (zone of suctional ruinuvan), and the end of the kilometers (the length of the glass) and up to thousands of kilometers (the sound of vibuhu). In the native vipadkah (50MT bomb "Kuz'kina's mother" Khrushchev), it hits the ground with fire .... 3 times. I do not want to bring ruinuvan on such walls.
   Zalishkova radio - the radio is to be deposited directly or in the middle. More simply, it seems that there is a lot of zvidki vipade radioactive boards (snig, drank, fog) - surpluses of mushroom-like crimson.
   ЕМІ - electro-magnetic impulse. I sleep all the electronics. Radius dozens of kilometers.
   Svitlove viprominuvannya - a strong flow of light, which will burn everything down. The battle zone is to rely on the strength of the vibuha and wait. Call a few dozen kilometers - in the direction of direct visibility. І go to great vіdstanі You can burn the eyeball. For example, in Khіrosimі, at a distance of 9 km, tree bark is carbonized. At the very place of plvilis dances and mittovo people were burning. And there the pressure of the vibuhu bully is only 12-16 kilotons (16,000 tons) in TNT eq.
   Half an hour of the legendary vibukhu "Ivana" 50 MT (50,000,000 tons of TNT. Equiv.) Viparovalisya stones.
   Everything was booming there:
   Visoat "mushroom" - 64 km.
   radius " active zone"(Temperature ponad milion grazusov) 4.5 km.
   Ruynuvannya from shock hvily - 400 km. towards the center.
   Lightning impulse (inflow) - 270 km.
   From the island above the yak, the charge is overwhelmed by the rivny "windings" of the "skating rink".
   Tse buv samiy stylish hand-made vibuch.
   But if they wanted to pick up not 50 MT, but all 100 MT ...

   So, the radius will be majestic, or lie down much of the effort.

8. And what is the hostile factor? Atomic bomb - tse i svitlove / teploe vippromіnyuvannya igniting everything near, і electro-magnetic impulse of majestic strength, і vibukhovy hvilya colossal thrashing, і, nareshty, radioactivity.

   Whenever from a light / heat vipromyuvannya you can hop 50 meters from a vibuch behind a stone wall, then from a vibuch hvily (like a vibuh buv, for example, in a clean floor) - and 10 kilometers is not particularly hidden ...

   And in the middle of all to lay it down because of that, like the pressure of the charge from the bomb, like that of the bullet pidirvan (subterranean vibukh, above-ground, overwhelming, sub-water) ...

9. kicking different type: Heat, radioactivity (alpha, beta, gamma viprominuvannya and in. Range), electromagnet, light, shock wave. The skin type has sv_y radius urazhennya. In addition, nuclear warheads are strongly susceptible to strain. It is not possible to give an unambiguous indication of the date
10. 10km
11. Wonderful skіlkіltonn, it is possible until indefinitely to add
12. 21 kilotons in the equivalent of three thousand tons were thrown off on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 1 kiloton of 1000 tons of vitrachal. 1 kiloton of enemy from 300 to 500 meters in radius, up to 200 meters maximum. Є shells 3x kylotonnovie їkh wanted to stop for another hour. On the Narcis tank. Radius rate 100% effective 350 meters. 550 ct. Tse 165 km of striking in radius.

On the ear of the 20th century, the Zusillas of Albert Einstein, people first knew about those who, at the atomic stage, from a small amount of speech for singing minds can be considered a great amount of energy. In the 30s, the robot was directly promoted by the Nimetsian nuclear physicist Otto Hahn, the English Robert Frish and the Frenchman Zholio-Curi. Itself їм far into the practical life of the results and the rise of nuclei of atoms in radioactive chemical elements... Modeling in laboratory processes lantsyugovy reaction Confirming the theory of Einstein about the power of speech in a small amount of seeing a great amount of energy. In such minds, the physics of nuclear vibuhu is a science that has set the minds of the possibility of a given earthly civilization.

People's Nuclear Defense

As early as 1939, the Frenchman Jolyo-Curi became zealous, and the pouring of uranium onto the nuclei in the singing minds could lead to the vibuch reaction of a magnificent exertion. As a result of a lance nuclear reaction, it is necessary to repair spontaneously exponentially uranium nuclei, to see a vision of energy in a great amount. In one minute, the radioactive speech vibuhalo, at the same time the vibukh mav pretends to be a majestic hostile effect. As a result of slides, it became clear that uranium (U235) can be converted from a chemical element into a hard vibrating.

For peaceful purposes, with the robotic nature of a nuclear reactor, the process of nuclear delay of radioactive components is of a calm and control nature. With a nuclear vibration, the main reason is those who see a colossal amount of energy seem to be mildly and tense until quietly, as long as the stock of radioactive vibration is not picked up. For the first time, Lyudin knew about the battle of the new vibe on the 16th of April 1945. At that hour, if in Potsdam, the meeting of the Heads of Powers was concluded for the victory of the Nimechchino, at the polygon in Alamogordo, the state of New Mexico, was given the first viprobuvannya atomic warhead. The parameters of the first nuclear vibuhu buli are modest. The need for an atomic charge in TNT equivalent to the amount of trinitrotoluene at 21 kilotons, while the power of the vibuch and its inflow on the navkolishny ob'kti was celebrated at all, but spostering for viprobuvanny, unforgettable.

Vibukh of the first atomic bomb

Everybody has spanked a lot of yaskravu specks, how to light up, yaku can be seen at a distance of 290 km. from a viprobauan meeting. When the sound comes from vibuhu, buv chutny in the radius of 160 km. At that moment, a nuclear vibuchovy pristrіy was set up, pretending to be a majestic crater. The funnel from the nuclear vibuhu reached a surface of more than 20 meters, the diameter of 70 meters could be expected.

Tsikavo lead to the recorded hostilities of the participants of the first atomic bomb test. “Navkolishnє, having become a bit more gradual, mittєvo increased the temperature. Literally through the khvilya, the majestic force of the shock of khvilya swept through the area. At the point of the znakhozhennya charge, the majesty of the fire will become apparent, for which, on the yogo m_sci, the chmara of the nuclear vibuhu of the mushroom-shaped form began to form. Stop dim and saw, ending with the massive head of a nuclear mushroom, moving at a height of 12 km. All those present in Ukrittya were opposed to the scale of the vibuhu. Nichto didn’t think so, they were struck by force and force, ”wrote Leslie Groves to the Manhattan copy of the project.

Nichto ni to, ni, not mav in his own order of such a majestic exertion. At the same time, at that time, at that time, there was not enough evidence of all the hostile factors of the new zeal. Scrambled to respect only we see the main hostile factors of the nuclear vibuhu, such as:

• shock for nuclear vibuhu;
• svitlove and thermal vipromynuvannya nuclear vibuhu.

About those who are killing for all living things є penetrating radioactivity and further radioactively contaminated with nuclear vibuch, only a clear manifestation is not small. It appeared that the two officials from the nuclear power plant would become for the people the most not without problems. The zone of repeated rupture and desolation is small beyond the area in the porous zone of contamination of microbial products with radioactive fallout products. A territory can be infected in hundreds of kilometers. Prior to the prominency, rejected in the first chilin of the vibuhu, and before the level of radioactivity, the infection of great territories with radioactive litter can be achieved. The scale of the disaster is becoming apocalyptic.

Only later, meaningfully, since the atomic bombs would hit the victorious targets, it became clear that we were too much straining - a new defense and how important it was for people to relate to the legacy of a nuclear bomb.

Mechanism of atomic charge and the principle of

Don't go into reports of inventory and the technology of the atomic bomb, a nuclear charge can be briefly described in literally three phrases:

• є subcritical mass of radioactive speech (uranium U235 or plutonium Pu239);
• the stem of singing minds for the ear of the lanceyuga reaction for the nuclei of radioactive elements (detonation);
• the root of the critical mass of speech, how to continue.

The whole mechanism can be visualized in a simple and intelligent little one, every part and detail are in a strong and powerful relationship one to one. As a result of the triggering of a chemical abnormally electric detonator, a detonation spherical detonation is launched, so that the grip of the speech line can last until the critical mass. The nuclear charge is of a bagato-ball design. Uranium or plutonium is vicorized in the capacity of the main vibration. The detonator can serve as a singe amount of TNT or RDX. Dalі the process of squeezing the unbroken character.

The speed of the processes, which is great and can be reduced to the speed of light. An hour from the ear of detonation until the start of the non-gate lance reaction of the loan is not more than 10-8 s. In other words, to bring 1 kg of lagged uranium into a batch, it will take only 10-7 seconds. This value is the hour of the nuclear vibuhu. The analogous anti-fusion reaction against the reaction of thermonuclear fusion should be at the heart of a thermonuclear bomb at a low price, but a nuclear charge is launched in the course of an even larger effort - a thermonuclear charge. The thermonuclear bomb has the best principle of action. Here, I can help with the reaction of the synthesis of light elements in great importance, as a result of which I know and see a great amount of energy.

In the process of obtaining nuclei for uranium or plutonium, there is a great amount of energy. At the center of the nuclear vibuhu, the temperature becomes 107 Kelvin. In such minds, there is a colossal grip - 1000 atm. Atoms of speech, which continue to be transformed into plasma, are the main result of the lantsyug reaction. After an hour of emergency at the 4th reactor of the Chornobil nuclear power plant, the nuclear vibuch was not boiled, so the radioactive fire was generated more often and it was supercharged only by intense heat.

The high speed is brought into the middle of the charge of the processes to produce a fast temperature and grip. The very warehouses shape the character, the officials and the effort of the nuclear vibuhu.

See and type of nuclear vibuchiv

Launched lantsyugova reaction, no more butizupinen. In a thousand parts of a second, a nuclear charge, which is stored from radioactive elements, transforms into a clot of plasmas, which can be ripped into parts with a high vice. To fix the last lance of a whole series of other factors, which is a hostile effect on the environment, infrastructure and living organisms. The reason for making a hit is that a small nuclear bomb (10-30 kilotons) is more pulling than a smaller scale ruin and less heavy inheritance, it is not necessary to bring a great nuclear vibration that needs to be 100 more megatons.

The hostile factor is not only due to the pressure of the charge. For the assessment of the inheritance, it is important to think about the load of a nuclear weapon, which in this case is a type of nuclear vibuhu. Having given a charge, you can be able to move on the surface of the earth, under the earth or under the water, as it seems to the minds of the future species:

• Nuclear vibuchs, winks on singing heights above the surface of the earth;
• hover vibuhi, zd_jsnyuvani in the atmosphere of the planet, at altitudes over 10 km;
• terrestrial (above-water) nuclear vibuhi, zd_ysnuvan_ without a middle above the surface of the earth or above the water surface;
• underworld or underwater vibuhi, held in the surface trade earth measles for the water, on the singing glybin.

In the skin environment, the singular hostile factors may conceal their strength, intensity and specialness of the action, to produce the best results. In one category, there are points of degradation of the population with minimal ruinous and radioactive infections of the territory. In those cases, the mother is brought to the right with the large-scale desolation of the world and the destruction of the objects, the mitt of the bereavement of all living things, the prevention of more radioactive infection of the great territories.

The shaking of the nuclear vibuch, for example, appears as a ground method, so that the expelled cooler does not stick to the surface of the earth. With such a vibuhu, I drank and іnshі drіbnі fragments fit into the sawing stovp, so I drank okremo from hmari vibuhu. As a matter of fact, as a matter of fact, it is possible to lay a bed and an area of ​​battle. Such vibuhi can be high and low.

The first test of atomic warheads in the United States and in the SRCP has three types, ground, wind and submarine. Only because of the coming into force of the Treaty on the Intercourse of Nuclear Viprobes, Nuclear Vibuchs in the USSR, in the United States, France, in China and in Great Britain, they began to work only before the earth. Tse allowed minimizuvati zabrudnenya dovkilla radioactive products, to change the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bvidzhuennya zones, such as a runway with vіyskovy polygons.

Nypotuzhny nuclear vibuch, good news for the entire history of nuclear viprobuvan, released on 30 June 1961 in the Radiansk Union. A bomb, with a backbone of 26 tons and a force of 53 megatons, a bullet was thrown off in the area of ​​the archipelago Nova Earth aboard the strategic bomber Tu-95. Tse the butt of a typical high power vibuhu, so when the charge was placed at a height of 4 km.

It signifies that, having given a nuclear warhead in every situation, it will become a strong inflow of lightning radiation and penetrating radiation. The sleeps of a nuclear vibuhu can be seen for tens and hundreds of kilometers from the epicenter. The rest of the taut lightning and strong shock sickness, which goes about 3600 vibrations, becomes the dzherel of the most powerful electromagnetic drilling. Approvals for a random nuclear vibration, an electro-magnetic impulse in a radius of 100-500 km. Building control over all ground electrical infrastructure and electronics.

The atomic bombardment in the serpents of 1945 in the Japanese cities of Hiroshi and Nagasaki became the butt of a low-pitched vibuhu. The "Tovstun" and "Malyuk" bombs were sprang at the height of the pivkilometer, by themselves using a nuclear vibuch for practically the entire territory of the cycle. Most of the inhabitants of Hiroshim have lost their minds in the first seconds of the vibuhu, as a result of the infusion of intense light, heat and gamma-vipromyuvannya. Shock force will increase the zruynuvala mischief. In the case of the bombardment of the place of Nagasaki, the effect is of the vibration of the weakening of the features of the relief. The hunchbacked spirit allowed the deyakim districts of the place to unify the straight line of light promenades, and reduced the force of the blow of the vibuhova. After an hour, such a vibuch caused a great radioactive infection of the muscle, which caused a lot of inheritance for the population of this lowly place.

Low and high vibuchs are the most widespread today because of the healthy mass of life. Such charges will become stagnant for the purchase of vital and technical, land and infrastructure facilities.

Hanging nuclear vibuch is developed in the way of zasosuvannya and in the nature of the game. Having received a nuclear weapon, it will fly at a height of more than 10 km, in the stratosphere. With a similar vibuch, it is very high in the sky that there is a dreamlike sleep of great diameter. Substitute the smirk of the saw and the dim, on the mischief of the vibuha it is not barbarous to pretend to be grim, how to store up with the viparoused under the infusion of high temperatures of molecules of water, in carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

In this particular context, the main hostile factors are the impact of pressure, lightning, penetrating radiation and EMI of nuclear vibuhu. Chim vishche vysota give rise to the charge, the less the force of shock vysota. Radioactivity and svitlove viprominuvannya, navpaki, with the growth of the height only to accept. Zvazhayuyu on the visibility of the significant displacement of the displaced mas at high altitudes, radioactively contaminated territories in this vypad is practically reduced to zero. Vibuchs at high altitudes, breaking in the boundaries of the ionosphere, destroying the widening of the radio in the ultrasonic range.

Such vibuhi, in the main, are straightened to the lower end. There may be a number of developmental weapons, crylate missiles, warheads of strategic missiles, piece companions and space missions to attack.

Terrestrial nuclear vibuch is the most important thing in the tactics and strategy. Here, the strikes fall without a middle ground area of ​​the surface of the earth. Pіdriv bozarya can be zd_ysneniy above the object or above the water. The first viprobauvannya of nuclear weapons in the United States and in the SRSR was seen in such a view.

The peculiarity of the whole type of nuclear vibuch is the appearance of a well-rotated mushroom-like crimson, as it forms for a rakhunok of great parties in the particles of soil and breed that are blown up by vibuchs. At the very best moment on the vibuhu, the light of the sphere begins, the lower edge of the surface of the earth. When contact pіdrivі in the epіcenter vibuhu, having vibrated the nuclear charge, a funnel is established. The depth and diameter of the funnel should be laid down due to the effort of the vibuhu itself. For small tactical ammunition, the diameter of the funnel can reach two, three dozen meters. Before the hour of the vibuh of a nuclear bomb, the great tediousness of the crater does not easily reach hundreds of meters.

The fact that the main mass of radioactive products in the vibuhu goes back to the surface, the shyness will increase the infection. Large other particles of the saw are drilled into the earth's sphere of the atmosphere and at the same time, with the extra masses, they are distributed on large cities. Even on the surface of the earth there is an atomic charge, a radioactive trace of a vibrated ground vibuhu, which can stretch for hundreds or thousands of kilometers. During the first hour of an accident at the Chornobil AES, radioactive particles, which were consumed into the atmosphere, were thrown into the atmosphere at the same time with the fallout on the territory of the Scandinavian regions, which are 1000 km away from the scene of the catastrophe.

Terrestrial vibuhi can be useful for the development and destruction of the objects of great culture. Some vibuhi can be vicious and in the same way, if it is transferred to a large area of ​​radioactive infection of the muscle. In this particular category, there are all five hostile factors in the nuclear vibuhu. As a result of the thermodynamic shock and lightning effects, an electro-magnetic impulse enters into the right. Completing the bereavement of the object and living force in the radio of the shock and penetrating radio. Radioactively contaminated the rest of the way. On the basis of the land-based method, the above-water nuclear vibuch fills in the majestic mass of water, both in the wild viglyad and in the steam-like mill. The ruinous effect is to reach for the shock of the blow of the percussion shock and the great hvilyuvannyi, so that they can pretend to be the result of the vibuhu. In addition, the water is transformed into a wider range of lightning and penetrating radioactivity. I will look at those, where the particles of water are more important and the natural neutralizer of the activity of elements, the intensity of the expansion of radioactive particles in the daily space is insignificant.

The subterranean vibukh of nuclear ammunition will go to the ground. On the vidminu from terrestrial vibuchiv here on the daytime there is a region. I take all the majesty of the force to the blow on itself the earthly breed. It is a shock to disperse in your land, the local earthquake is wicked. A majestic grip that happens in the process of vibuhu, fixing a stop to deboning the soil, rik, scho mina great glybin... As a result of the lingering of the breed, a funnel is formed on the vibuhu, the size of which lies down due to the pressure of the charge and the vibuhu.

Such a vibuch is not supervised by mushroom-like scum. Stop the saw, when the charge is raised in the microscope, the weight of everything is in a few tens of meters. It is a shock, it is transformed into seismic damage, and micro-surface radioactive contamination with hostile head factors during such vibrations. As a rule, this type of nuclear charge is economically and applied. On the current day, there are a lot of nuclear weapons to be used underground. In the 70-80s of the rock, we will take the rank of virishuvali the national spirits, vikoristovuchi colossal energy of the nuclear vibuch for the ruining of the girskih massifs and the approval of the piece by water.

On the map of nuclear test sites in Semipalatinsk (in the Republic of Kazakhstan) and in the state of Nevada (USA), there is a great number of craters, since underground nuclear tests have been carried out.

The sub-water supply of a nuclear charge goes to the set glybin. In this given vypadku pіd hour vibuhu svіtloviy slept wіdsutnіy. On the surface of the water in the mice, I make a vineyard, a water stop of 200-500 meters, like a wine breeze and steam. Osvita shock vіdbuvatsya immediately send vibuhu, wickedly drilled in your vodi. The main hostile bureaucrat is the vibuhu є percussion, how to transform into great power. From an hour to vibuhu charges of great effort, the height can reach 100 or more meters. Nadal on the mice vibuhu and on the adjacent territory are more likely to become more radioactively infected.

Help to capture all the hostile factors in the nuclear vibuhu

As a result of the vibuchic reaction of a nuclear charge, a great amount of heat and light energy is established, which is not just a waste of life, but to drive all living things into a significant area. In the epicenter of vibuhu and in the immediate proximity of everything as a result of the intense inflow of penetrating radioactivity, light, heat viprominuvannya and shock sickness, everyone is alive, living vіyskova technology, Rush up and down. From the distance to the center of the vibuch, and at the end of the hour, the strength of the hostile factors changes, acting on the other hand to the remaining tooth factor - radioactive infection.

Shukati poryatunok tim, hto having a meal in the epicenter of the nuclear apocalypse, marno. There is no hiding place for a bomb-carrier, or for a special zakist. Injuries and opіkas, rejected by people in such situations, inappropriate for lives. Ruynuvannya ob'єktіv іnfrastrukturi have a total character and do not need to be updated. At his own house, a team, who has relied on the meaning of the message from the vibuha, can be rooted to the occasion, victorious and singing tips and special ways to get rid of it.

The main hostile factor in nuclear vibuhu is the price of shock. Establish yourself in the epicenter area of ​​the high vise pouring into I'll go to Masu, I will strike the hvilyu, I will expand on all sides with a supersonic sound.

Expansion of the vibuch hvili is nasty:

• at an equal distance of 1000 meters from the center of the vibukh, the shock of the shock is done in 2 seconds;
• at a distance of 2000 m. from the epicenter, we will hit you in 5 seconds;
• I will overburden from the vibuhu at a distance of 3 km, and I will hit the tree after 8 seconds.

Pislya passing vibukhovoy hvily vinikє area of ​​low vice. Pragnuchi memorize the distribution of spaces, turn the direction into a head-spinning direction. Stvoryuvaniy vacuum effect wiklikє chergov hvilyu ruynuvan. Having lost the sleep, before the arrival of the vibukhova sickness, you can try to know ukrittya, having changed the traces of the shock sickness.

Svitlove and warmth viprominuvannya on the great vіdstanі from the epіcenter vibuhu spend its strength, so that as people zumіla clutched at the gaze of sleepers, it is possible to roar. The more frighteningly penetrating radioactivity, as it is a strong streak of gamma changes and neutrons, as it expands from the bright light to the vibuhu regions. Nypotuzhne inlet of penetrating radioactivity will be seen in the first seconds of the vibuhu. Perebuyuchi in a branch or in ukrittі, visoka ymovіrnіst uniknuti the direct hit of the deadly gamma-vipromіnuvannya. Penetrating radioactivity of the importance of the battle of living organisms, viciously exchanging ailments.

As all the previously re-insured hostile factors of the nuclear vibuhu are of a short-term nature, then radioactively contaminated by the very step-by-step and insecure factor. Yogo zhubnu dіyu on the organism of people, I see it step by step, at the end of the hour. The amount of surplus radioactivity and the intensity of radioactive contamination is due to the exertion of vibuhu, minds of muscle and climatic factors. The radioactive products of the vibuha, which are zigzagged with the saw, are smashed with other fragments and debris into the earth's wobbling ball, for which, at the same time, with the fall, they spontaneously drop onto the surface of the earth. The radioactive background in the zone of stagnation of nuclear waste in hundreds of times has changed the natural radioactive background, creating a threat to all living things. Perebryuyuchi on the territory, scho conceived of a nuclear strike, followed by a unique contact with any objects. Give yourself an individual contact and the dosimeter will allow you to reduce the amount of radioactive contamination.

Yaky radius of the atomic and water bomb? and by making the most beautiful

View from Razor [new]
The maximum radius of destruction of an atomic and even more nuclear bomb is definitely even more important. The nuclear bomb has only a few hostile factors:
Penetrating radioactivity is the reason for the hard range of vipprominuvannya. Yogo radius is even great - from kilometers to several tens of kilometers. In the radii of decilkokh kilometers, all alive will take a strong dose of oprominennya.
Shock resistance is the radius of the distance from the pivkilometer (zone of suction ruinuvan), and the end of the kilometers (the slope of the slope) and up to thousands of kilometers (the sound of the vibuhu). In native vipadkahs (50MT bomb "Kuzkina's mother" Khrushchev), they hit the ground with fire .... 3 times. I do not want to bring ruinuvan on such walls.
Zalishkova radio - the radio is to be deposited directly or in the middle. More simply, it seems that there is a lot of zvidki vipade radioactive boards (snig, drank, fog) - surpluses of mushroom-like crimson.
ЕМІ - electro-magnetic impulse. I sleep all the electronics. Radius dozens of kilometers.
Svitlove viprominuvannya - a strong flow of light, which will burn everything down. The battle zone is to rely on the strength of the vibuha and wait. Call a few dozen kilometers - in the direction of direct visibility. If you go to a great country, you can burn the eye. For example, in Khіrosimі, at a distance of 9 km, tree bark is carbonized. At the very place of plvilis dances and mittovo people were burning. And there the pressure of the vibuhu bully is only 12-16 kilotons (16,000 tons) in TNT eq.
Half an hour of the legendary vibukhu "Ivana" 50 MT (50,000,000 tons of TNT. Equiv.) Viparovalisya stones.
Everything was booming there:
Visoat "mushroom" - 64 km.
Radius "active zone" (the temperature is ponad milion grasus) 4.5 km.
Ruynuvannya from shock hvily - 400 km. towards the center.
Lightning impulse (inflow) - 270 km.
From the island above the yak, the charge is overwhelmed by the rivny "windings" of the "skating rink".
Tse buv samiy stylish hand-made vibuch.
If they wanted to pick up not 50 MT, but all 100 MT ...
So, the radius will be majestic, or lie down much of the effort.

from Boy bezpravil ....[Newbie]
1 kiloton enemy from 200 meters to 500 meters maximum. The 1st kiloton has 1000 tons of TNT equivalent. 1 Megaton 10,000 TNT equivalent. Radius 1st Megaton is 1 km away from the middle vibuch over the great 2 km in the radius of the battle. Poplar-M can take 550 ct. Tse 0.55 Mt. Radius urazhennya 165 km. With the urahuvannyam of all pereshkod. Overwhelming vibuchs 550 Kt 275 km in the radius of the battle. Yaksho 300 Mt. Those naughty vibuhs 200 km outside of life without a chance of life for anyone. Ruinuvannya 100% over great vibuhs up to 1000 km in the radius. Tse as much as possible. Unsuitable for 50 Megatons of the enemy up to 400 km, maximum 100 km, where the great vibuchs were stuck.

from Oleksiy Kasyanov[Guru]
wild from the urge to lie down

Pislya end of the Other Holy Life of the Land antigіtlerіvskoy coalition at a brisk pace, one was smashed to the front of one one in the boxes of a larger, tighter nuclear bomb.

The first viprobuvannya, held by the Americans on real objects in Japan, made the situation in the US CPSR even more aggravated. straining vibuhi They made it through the Japanese places and practically made everyone live in them, they thought of Stalin's mind to see the deserted house in the arena. Most of the Radianskih physicists were in the term "thrown" for the distribution of nuclear waste.

If a nuclear zbroya has appeared

The fate of the people of the atomic bomb can be achieved in 1896 Rik. The same study of chemistry from France A. Becquerel is clear that uranium is radioactive. Lantsyugov's reaction to uranium, I will force the energy to serve as the basis for the terrible vibuhu. Probably, letting Becquerel let you go, you will bring this display to the end of the nuclear evil - the most terrible evil in the world.

Kinets 19 - the ear of the 20th century became a turning point in the history of the nuclear energy wine passage. In the most hourly period in the early regions of the country, they could see the onset of laws, changes and elements:

• Alpha, gama and beta exchange;
• Bulo іdkrito bezlіch іzotopіv chemіchnіe elementіv, scho volodіyut radioactive authorities;
• When the law of radioactive falloff is applied, which is the reason for the hourly and when the intensity of the radioactive falloff occurs, so that the number of radioactive atoms can be deposited in the test;
• Nuclear isometry was born.

In the 1930s, the rockets were able to split the atomic nucleus from uranium with the help of neutrons. At the same hour, positrons and neurons are shown. All this gave a tedious delivery to the outlet of the zbroi, as vikoristovuvalo nuclear power. In 1939 Rotsi Bula patented the Persha in the light of the design of the atomic bomb. Tse zroiv fizik from France Frederik Zholio-Kyuri.

As a result of the recent developments in the whole sphere, a nuclear bomb appeared. The need and the radius of the defeat of the current atomic bombs is great, but the land, like Volodya's nuclear potential, practically does not require a laborious army, since one atomic bomb is worthy of the defense of the whole power.

Yak is driven by an atomic bomb

An atomic bomb can be stored from powerless elements, the heads of which are є:

• Atomic bomb corps;
• Automation system, yaka control vibuhu processes;
• A nuclear charge or a warhead.

The automation system is located in the case of an atomic bomb, along with a nuclear charge. The design of the hull is guilty of being sufficient for the purpose, so as to protect the warhead from the children zovnishnikh officials and injections. For example, mechanical, temperature abnormal, or similar to inflow, which can lead to an unplanned vibuhu of a majestic exertion, a building up of everything.

The automation department has additional control over the team, the vibuch is set at the required hour, and the system is stored from the next elements:

• Pristrij, wіdpovіdaє for an emergency response;
• Dzherelo life of automation systems;
• Sensor system for driving;
• Pristriy zvedennya;
• Pristriy zapobigannya.

If the first vip test was carried out, nuclear bombs were delivered on litaks, as they overflowed the battle zone. Today's atomic bombs may have such a tediousness, so the delivery can only be needed for the help of krylate, balistic or anti-aircraft missiles.

In atomic bombs, detonation systems and detonation systems become stagnant. The very simplest of them is a simple pristіy, like spratsovuє when a shell hits the target.

One of the main characteristics of nuclear bombs and missiles, they are suitable for calibres, which include three types:

• Maliy, the pressure of atomic bombs given to the caliber is equivalent to thousands of tons of TNT;
• Medium (the pressure of the vibuch is a few tens of thousands of tons of TNT);
• Great, the pushing of the charge, which will be exposed to millions of tons of TNT.

Tsikavo, most often the pressure of all nuclear bombs is to be measured in TNT equivalent, as for the atomic bomb there is no scale for measuring the pressure of vibuhu.

Algorithms for nuclear bombs

Be it an atomic bomb is based on the principle of nuclear power, as seen in the course of a nuclear reaction. This procedure is based on either the length of important nuclei or the synthesis of the lungs. So, in the course of this reaction, a great amount of energy is seen, and in the shortest hour, the radius of defeating a nuclear bomb is even more hostile. Through qiu specialness nuclear weapons to bring to the class of mass training.

In the course of the process, which starts before the hour of the vibuhu of the atomic bomb, there are two heady moments:

• Tse bezposredn_y center vibuhu, de pass nuclear reaction;
• The epicenter of the vibuhu, which is located at the center, the bomb went off.

Nuclear power, which can be seen when an atomic bomb vibrates, is strong, and seismic items are repaired on the ground. At the same time, it is necessary to bring the delivery dues to the country without a few hundred meters (if you want to force the vibuhu of the bomb itself, you don’t pour the delivery data on it).

Nuclear vibuhu training factor

Vibuh of nuclear bombs to bring not only zhakhliv mittєvi ruynuvannya. The traces of the given vibuhu are seen on their own not only by people who have been served in the battle zone, even if children have been born because of the atomic vibuhu. The types of atomic fire fighting are fired at the onset of the group:

• Svitlove vipprominuvannya, as you see it without a second before vibuhu;
• Shock hvilya, yak widen with a bomb at once sent vibuhu;
• Electromagnetic pulse;
• Penetrating radioactivity;
• Radioactively infected, you can protect yourself for dozens of rocks.

If you want to look at it for a first time, the light sleeps are not the least dirty, for the sake of reason, you will accept the result of the development of a great amount of heat and light energy. The strain and the force of power will overwhelm the strain of changes of sleep, so light and warm can be fatal on the occasion of decile kilometers.

Radio, as seen during vibuhu, is also not without a problem. If I want to get out of it, I don't want to infect everything right now, as the penetrating health is neurologically great.

Shock sickness with atomic vibuch is similar to the same sickness with extravagant vibuchs, only the toughness and the radius of the effort is greater. For a few seconds, you won’t create wrong people not only for people, but for technology, for people and nature.

Penetrating radioactivity provokes the development of the exchange of ailments, and the electromagnetical impulse becomes insecure only for technology. Sukupnіst of all these factors, plus the urge to vibuhu, to destroy the atomic bomb with the most secure release in the world.

First in the world of nuclear war

The first land, as it shattered and viprobat nuclear energy, emerged from the State of America. The US uryad itself has seen great penny donations for the development of a new promising zebra. Until the end of 1941 in the United States, they were asked by many well-known students from the sphere of atomic rods, as even before 1945 they could present the old atomic bomb concept, which was suitable for viprobuvan.

The first in the light of the vip test of the atomic bomb, equipped with a vibuch attachment, the boules were held in a wilderness on the territory of the state of New Mexico. The bomb called "Gadget" was bombed on 16 April 1945 rock. The result of the viprobuvan turned out to be positive, I would like the viprobuvati to vimagi viprobuvati a nuclear bomb in real fighting minds.

Having defeated it, having lost only one croc to the Hitler's coalition before it is overturned, and it couldn’t be so much more, the Pentagon has decided to launch a nuclear strike on Hitler’s last ally, Japan. In addition, the victorious nuclear bombing was guilty of causing a number of problems:

• Uninterrupted bloodshed, as it would inevitably become, as the United States stepped onto the territory of Imperial Japan;
• With one blow, put on a number of inaccessible Japanese people who have made their minds, see the United States;
• Show the CPCP (like a young superman in a mighty one), which the US Army is uniquely bright, it’s good to erase it from the face of the earth, be it a place;
• I, obviously well, in practice, turn around, at the same time, nuclear energy in real fighting minds.

6 serpnya 1945 rock on the Japanese place of Hiroshima, the bullet was thrown off a perch in the light of an atomic bomb, as it was stashed at the vіyskovykh diyakh. The Qiu bomb was called "Malyuk", so the yak її vaga became 4 tons. The bomb was thrown off, and the planning was done, and I won’t have consumed the same, where I was. Those booths, which did not burst out with vibukhovy sickness, burned, so they fell into the booths of the stoves, provoked fires, and all the places where they were buried were half-hearted.

The warmth of the sleeper went down, it burned everyone alive in a radius of 4 kilometers, and the attack behind it, the blow of it, worsened the whole future.

Tі, hto having consumed a heatstroke in radіusі 800 meters, boules of bedrooms alive. Vibukhovoy hviley at the bagatokh zirvalo burned the shkira. After a couple of khilin, a wondrous black plank was made, which I would have formed for a bet and I would sing. At quietly, after eating black planks, the shkіra took away nevilikovnі opіki.

Those who are not big, which have spared the whole thing, fell ill on the exchange of ailments, as at that hour the child was not only not vivified, but I didn’t have a home. People felt a fever, bloating, nudity and attack of weakness.

On the 9th of 1945, a friend's American bomb was thrown off a friend's rock on the place of Nagasaki, a yak called "Tovstun". Given the bomb is small, about the same strain, like a persha, and the inheritance of a vibuhu bully nastily zh ruynivny, I want people to sink in two times less.

Two atomic bombs, thrown off on the Japanese places, appeared to be the first and only one in the light of the stagnation of atomic evil. More than 300,000 people were lost in the first days of bombardment. Still close to 150 thousand have disappeared through the promenade ailments.

For the nuclear bombardment of Japanese places, Stalin otrimav spravzhny shock. It became clear to you that the food for the development of nuclear weapons in Radiansk Russia is the food safety for the whole country. Already on the 20th of 1945, a special committee for power supply of atomic energy began to develop, which was established in the term by J. Stalin.

Wanting to advance from nuclear physics was carried out by a group of entusies in Tsarist Russia, for the last few hours they did not get proper respect. In 1938, all the preliminaries in the whole region have increased in number, and many senior nuclear scientists have been repressed, as the enemies of the people. Taking nuclear vibrations in Japan Radianska Vlada has quickly begun to see nuclear vibrations in the country.

Yes, that the development of nuclear weapons was carried out in the Hitler’s countries, and the very few times they added the American atomic bomb to the "Syra", so the US detachment was lucky from all the nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons.

Radianska development school, which in an hour of failure could bypass all foreign developments, back in 1943 it transferred secret documents to the SRSR, tied to the nuclear security development. At the same hour, there were a lot of radio agents in the American nuclear centers.

As a result of all these calls, already in 1946, the technical work on the preparation of two nuclear bombs from the Radiansk military plant was ready:

• RDS-1 (with plutonium charge);
• RDS-2 (with two parts of a uranium charge).

The abbreviation of "RDS" was deciphered as "Russia to rob itself", which practically increased the efficiency.

News about those that the SRCP is ready to let its nuclear fire hit the US squad to go radical. In 1949, the plan was "Troyan", with 70 most places SRCP was planning to throw off the atomic bomb. Leaving the beaten blow, they planted the tsim with a plan zd_ysnitisya.

Given the troublesome views, it was possible to come from the Radians' investigators, they were forced to work in emergency mode. Already in the crescent of 1949, the first atomic bomb, virobble in the USSR, was introduced. If the United States knew about the viprobauvannya, the plan "Troyan" will be made for non-valued hours. The era of prototyping of the two nations was respected, in the history of "Cold War".

Nypotuzhnіsha nuclear bomb in the light, seemingly from the "Tsar-bombi" to follow the very period of "cold war". At the same time, the SRCP fired the most needed bomb in the history of people. The strain became 60 megatons, I would like to lay the bomb at 100 kilotons of strain. Viprobuvannya given bombs passed in the summer of 1961 rock. The diameter of the flare-up cooler per hour vibuh sklav 10 kilometers, and the vibuch hvilya flew around the earth three times. The very essence of viprobuvannya was driven by a large number of countries due to the signing of agreements on the provision of nuclear viprobuvanny not only in the atmosphere of the earth, but rather in space.

If I want an atomic strike є by a miraculous blaze of agressive lands, it’s good to extinguish any conflicts in the germ from the other side, so as before the hour of atomic vibration can be knowledge on all sides of the conflict.

The main hostile factors of nuclear vibuch are shock impact (50% of vibuch energy is used for the approval), radiation penetration (35%), penetrating radioactivity (5%) and radioactive infection (10%). More electromagnetic impulse and secondary hostile factors are seen.

Shock hwilya- the main factor of ruining and hostile action, which is a zone of squeezed twist, how to pretend with the widespread gases in the center of vibuch and expand from the majestic Shvidkistyu in the efforts of the parties, winking and waking people up. Radius diii percussive hvili lie down due to the exertion and the type of vibration, as well as the nature of the movement. Shock force is laid on the front of shock wave, zones of squeeze and development.

The force of the impact force to lay as an over-surplus vise on the front, as a result of a few kilograms-forces falling on a square centimeter of the surface (kgf / cm 2), or in pascals (Pa): 1 Pa = 0.00001 kgf / cm 2 1 kgf / cm 2 = 100 kPa (kilopascals).

With vibrations of 13 kilotons of bombs in Hiroshim and Nagasaki radius, the number of turns is approximately in advance numbers: the zone of suction rupture and reduction in radii up to 800 - 900 m (over-pressure of 1 kg / cm 2) - rupture of all equipment in future death of people; a zone of strong ruins and important and average strikes of people in a radius of up to 2-2.5 km (oversized vice 0.3-1 kg / cm 2); zone of weak ruinuvan and weak and severe injuries of people in a radius of up to 3-4 km (over-excess vice 0.04-0.2 kg / cm 2).

It is also necessary to carry out the "metal" action of shock damage and the installation of secondary projectiles at the viglyadi to fly ulamkіv budіvel (tsegli, planks, slopes, etc.), so that we can make injuries to people.

When there is a shock on the opening of a special warehouse with an over-pressure of 1 kg / cm 2 (100 kPa), there are important, fatal injuries (fractures of the cysts, hemorrhages, bleeding from the nose, air, contusions of the lungs, baric injuries secondary shells, syndrome of tricky crushing with ruins and in.), with a vice on the front 0.5-0.9 kg / cm 2 - important injuries; 0.4-0.5 kg / cm 2 - medium severity; 0.2-0.3 kg / cm 2 - light strikes. However, with an overwhelming grip of 0.2-0.3 kg / cm2, you can experience important injuries due to a high pressure and a heavy shock, as a person did not get up to grapple due to the fact that there were some injuries on a number of children.

With terrestrial and especially subterranean nuclear vibuchs, a strong colony (struma) of the earth is prevented, as it is cleverly possible to make an earthquake with a force of up to 5-7 points.

In order to get out of the shock of the shock, the pristine kind of pritulka and ukrittya, as well as the folds of the muscle, so as the front of the shock bite, when the image of the earth passes parallel to the surface, and in the debris it is difficult to evolve.

Trenches, trenches and ukrittya from 3 to 10 times to change at the rate of shock.

Radius for the shock of more strained nuclear ammunition (up to 20,000 tons of TNT equivalent) is worthy of a cubic root from a single TNT, multiplied by the bomb for 20,000 tons of TNT. For example, in case of an increase in the exertion of vibuhu in 1000 times, the radius of the action increases in 10 times (Table 10).

svitlove vipprominuvannya... From the high temperature in a superficially high temperature for a stretch of 10-20 s, there is a straining stream of light and thermal (infrared) changes of high temperature. Close to the fiery cooler, everything (navit minerals and metals) melts, transforms into a gas-like mill, and goes into mushroom-like gloom. Radius of light viprominuvan lie in the form of effort and type of vibuch (the greatest in case of a common vibuch) and the penetration of the atmosphere (boards, fog, light changes rapidly due to the amount of light).

Table 9

Zrazkovy radiiusi diy shock khvili and light vyprominuvannya (km)

Note. Russia is a surplus grip on the frontier of shock. At the chiselnik, danis should be given when the vibuchs are turned, in the znamenny - with the terrestrial ones. 100 kPa = 1 kg / cm 2 (1 atm.).

Svitlove viprominuvannya viklikє fired flammable speech and mass, and among people and creatures of the same degree of gravity. In m Hіrosіmі zgorіlo is close to 60 yew. Budinkiv and close to 82% of the population of the population are small.

The stage of hostile action starts with a light impulse, so that a bit of energy falls on 1 m 2 of the surface of the coated dust, and is measured in kilojoules per 1 m 2. Light pulse / in 100-5 m opik I stage, 200-400 kJ / m 2 (5-10 cal / cm 2) - II, more than 400 kJ / m 2 (over 10 cal / cm 2) - III stage (100 kJ / m 2).

Stupіn porazki materіalіv svіtlovim vipromіnyuvannyam deposits od stage їh nagrіvannya, yak in his Cherga deposits od row faktorіv: size svіtlovogo іmpulsu, vlastivostey materіalu, koefіtsієnta poglinannya heat vologostі, goryuchostі materіalu i t D. Materіali dark koloru bіlshe poglinayut svіtlovoї energії, nіzh svіtlі. ... For example, black cloth clay is 99% of falling light energy, material koloru khaki is 60%, fabric is 25%.

Krym, the luminous impulse of the wickedness of the blindness of people, especially at night, since the window is expanded. Dazzling often we will be clocked in for a glimpse of green purpura (rhodopsin). In the nearest future, you can also find opyk of the picture and more style of dazzling. It is impossible to marvel at the light sleepers, you need to secretly close your eyes. In the early days of the day, photochromic eyepieces have been installed, which, from the light vipromyuvannya, absorb the vision and capture the eyes.

Penetrating radioactivity. At the moment of vibuhu, approximately 15-20 seconds long, after nuclear and thermonuclear reactions, there is an even straining stream of ionizing viprominuvans: gamma-exchanges, neutrons, alpha- and beta-particles. Only before the penetrating radio signals are transmitted., Gamma-exchange and neutron burst, as alpha- and beta-particles may have a short run in the morning and do not seem to penetrate the building.

Radius dії penetrating radіatsії when twisting vibuchs 20-kiloton bombs approximately rotate in advance numbers: up to 800 m - 100% mortality (dose up to 10,000 R); 1.2 km - 75% mortality (dose up to 1000 R); 2 km - traversing ailment of I-II steps (dose 50-200 R). With the vibrations of thermonuclear megatons of ammunition, the lethal attack can be in the range of up to 3-4 km through a large amount of fire in the fire at the moment of vibration, with a large amount of neutron burst.

The total dose of gamma and neutron detection of non-abducted people in the nuclear energy can be seen from the graphs (Fig. 43).

Particularly strongly penetrating radiation is manifested when vibuhs of neutron bombs. For an hour the vibuhu of a neutron bomb will pull 1 yew. Tons of TNT equivalent, if the shock and lightning vypromyuvannya are in the range of 130-150 m, total gamma-neutron vyprominuvannya dorivnyu: in the range of 1 km - up to 30 Gy (3000 rad), 1.2 km -8.5 Gy; 1.6 km - 4 Gr, up to 2 km -0.75-1 Gr.

Small. 43. The total dose of penetrating radiation in nuclear vibuchs.

In order to get rid of the penetrating radioactivity, one can serve the development of the ukritt and the equipment. Moreover, the gamma-exchange is more strongly glazed and absorbed by important materials with great power, and neutrons are more beautifully glazed with light chants. For the calculation of the necessary material, a ball of half weakening is introduced, so that the material is reduced by a factor of 2 (Table 11).

Table 11

Half weakening ball (K 0.5). cm

For the calculation of the hardenedness of the ukrittiv, use the formula K s = 2 S / K 0.5

de: Kz - kofіtsіntu zahistu ukrittya, S - tovschina zahisnogo ball, Up to 0.5 - ball of half weakening. From the tsієї formulas of vipliv, ncho 2 shari of half weakening change the radiation in 4 times, 3 shari - 8 times, etc.

For example, ukrittya with earthen crossings with a height of 112 cm changes the gamma-optimization by 256 times:

Up to z = 2 112/14 = 2 8 = 256 (times).

In Polish skhvishchi, it is necessary to have a gamma-viprominuvannya cost of 250-1000, so that earthlings need a crunch of 112-140 cm in size.

Radioactive infection of muscle... Not a less secure, hostile official of the nuclear disease є radioactively contaminated microorganisms. The peculiarity of this factor is in the fact that radioactive infection suffers even more than a great territory, and, moreover, it takes a trivial hour (midnight, month and rock).

So, from the viprobubal vibuhu, which was destroyed by the USA on March 1, 1954 in the first part of the The Pacific in the area of ​​about. Bikin (10-me-Gaton bomb), radioactively contaminated, was indicated at a distance of up to 600 km. During the whole time of hostility, the inhabitants of the Marshall Islands (267 individuals) were located at the distance from 200 to 540 km, and 23 Japanese fishing boats on the Ribolovets ship, which lay at the distance of 160 km towards the center of the vibuhu.

Dzherelami radioactive contamination є radioactive isotopes (fragments), which is established when the nuclei are fragmented, radioactivity and surplus are induced, but did not react to a part of the nuclear charge.

Radioactive isotopes of uranium and plutonium are the main and most reliable contaminated dzherel. In the case of a lance reaction, the uranium or plutonium of the nucleus divides into two parts according to the statements of the new radioactive isotopes. In the middle of three radioactive drops in beta-particles and gamma-changes released, the message is transformed into non-radioactive speech (bar and lead). In such a rank, close to 200 radioactive isotopes of 35 elements of the middle part of the Mendelian table appear in the mushroom-like gloom - from zinc to gadolinium.

Some broadened isotopes in the middle of the ulamics in the subtype and in the isotopes in the diet, teluru, "molybdenum, iodine, xenon, barium, lanthanum, strontium, cesium, zirconium, and biofuel in the fungus As a result, all mushroom-like crumbs become radioactive.

The radioactivity of the winery was induced in the course of the neutron flux. Neutrons are responsible for the interaction with the nuclei of the young elements (food, soil, and other objects), as a result of which a lot of elements become radioactive and repair the release of beta particles and gamma projections. For example, when a neutron is captured, sodium is converted into a radioactive isotope:

11 23 Na + n 1 → 11 24 Na,

a clear beta-drop from gamma-viprominuvannyam and maє period to 14.9 hours: 11, 24 Na - 12 24 Mg + ß - + γ.

The greatest value of radioactive isotopes, which is established with neutron-assisted soil, is manganese-52, silicon-31, sodium-24, calcium-45.

However, the radioactivity of the border is sometimes of little importance, since it does not take a large area (in the amount of time it takes to vibuhu in a radius of a maximum of 2-3 km), and at the same time, it takes a short period of time.

Alle, the radioactivity of elements in the soil has been induced, and in mushroom-like gloom, it is more important for thermonuclear vibuchs and vibuchs of neutron bombs, as thermonuclear reactions are superimposed on the synthesis of a great number of neutrons.

An unreacted part of a nuclear charge is a non-reactive uranium atom or plutonium. On the right in the one corisian vicorystannya The nuclear charge is even less expensive (close to 10%), the atoms of uranium and plutonium do not reach the bottom, the force of the vibuch did not reactivate the part to sprinkle on other parts and fall at the sight of the fall from the mushroom-like crimson. However, they did not react to a part of the nuclear charge of an insignificant role. It should be explained, however, that uranium and plutonium may be even longer in the West, besides, it smells like alpha particles and not safe only when it gets into the middle of the body. Also, I’m not safe to present radioactive debris to uranium and plutonium. The outward gamma activity of the isotopes is superbly high: after 1 hour a vibuhu 20-kiloton bombs go up 8.2 10 11 Ki.

When nuclear vibuchs are altered, radioactive infection of the musculoskeletal system in the vibuhu zone is not practical meaning... It will be explained that the zone does not stick to the ground, that it is rather small, thin mushroom-like gloom, that it is stored with an even more common radioactive saw, that it starts up in the mountain and contaminates the atmosphere. The fall of the RV is seen on great areas with a stretch of decilkoh rock (the main rank of strontium and cesium). The infection of the mice in a radius of 800-3000 m is mainly due to the induced radioactivity, which is practically known (after 2-5 years).

With terrestrial and low vibrations, the radioactive infection of the muscle will be most severe, as the flooded cooler sticks to the ground. To become massively mushroom-like gloom, to avenge a large number of radioactive saws, as it is carried out in the morning and along the path of the gloom, flashing the radioactive fall of the gloom at the sight of contaminated radioactive fallout. A part of the most great parts of the land was settled near the bottom of the mushrooms.

In case of underground nuclear vibuha, the infection is even more intensely infected, it spurs towards the center of the vibration;

With sub-water vibuchs, radioactively contaminated water is even more strongly affected by the presence of water. Krym, vipadayutradioactive boards along the road to the ruk of the gloom on significant vidstany. At the same time, there is also a strong induction, radioactivity sea ​​water To take revenge on a lot of sodium.

The intensity of radioactive infection of the muscle can be measured by two methods: an increase in radioactivity in X-rays for a year (P / year) and a dose of radioactive radiation in grays (rad) for an hour, so that a special warehouse for infection can be processed.

In the region of the center of the nuclear vibuhu, the territory of a ma form of a spike of a cola that is twisted into a bik ruku is infected. A slid of radioactive falloffs along the path of the roof of the Khmari can evolve the shape of an ellipse, the hang of which is straightened into the side of the wind. The width of the next radioactive fall is 5-10 times less than that of the next (elapse).

With a ground vibration of a 10-megaton thermonuclear bomb, the contamination zone with a radio frequency of 100 R / h can be up to 325 km and a width of up to 50 km, and a zone with a radio frequency of 0.5 R / year can be up to 1000 km. Sounds bright, as the majestic territory can be contaminated with radioactive litter.

An ear of radioactive litter can be found in the middle of the year, and can be determined by the formula: t 0 = R / v, de t 0 is an ear of dead, R is the ear in the center of the vibration in a year, in the middle of a year.

The level of radioactivity on infection of the territory is steadily decreasing for the transformation of short-lived isotopes from non-radioactive stable speech.

The price of lowering is to follow the rule: at seven times more than an hour, if you go through vibuhu, the level of radioactivity decreases 10 times. For example: if in 1 year the level of radioactivity will be 1000 R / h, then in 7 years - 100 R / year, after 49 years - 10 R / h, after 343 hours (2 days) - 1 R / year.

Particularly quickly the level of radioactivity decreases in the first years and days of vibuhu, and at the same time it gets lost in speech over a trivial period in the West and the decrease in radioactivity goes down even more often.

The dose of an unprotected special storehouse (by gamma-exchange) for the infection of the territory is deposited in the period of radioactivity, the hour of the time it is known for the infection of the territory, the decrease in the level of radioactivity.

It is possible to calculate the dose of radioactivity for the period up to the recession of radioactive speech.

Radioactive fallout contaminates the muscle irregularly. best visoki pivnі Radiation closer to the center of the vibration and the axis of the ellipse, in the visible from the center of the vibration and from the axis of the future there will be less radio. According to the number of radioactive litters, the division is taken into 4 zones (div. P. 251).

In order to get rid of the progression of ailments on infection of the disease, to serve as a lane, ukrittya, awake, construct, combat technology, etc.

At every day of the day, it is necessary to see more of the zones of strong and unsafe infection in order to intercept the hour of confinement of people. Naybіlsh ymovіrnymi shlakhs not safe injecting radioactive substances of a nuclear vibuch on people Internal optimization is not important in the hostile effect.

Note. As soon as there are 200 atomic reactors in Europe, when some of them are destroyed, the contamination of the majestic areas of the territory with radioactive waste for a three-hour hour is even stronger. Butt tsomu - wikid of radioactive speeches during an accident of a nuclear reactor in Chornobil.

nuclear winter... Radiansky and American officials said that the nuclear missile war can lead to dramatic ecological changes in all earthly cool... As a result, hundreds and thousands of nuclear vibuchs in a twist to a height of up to 10-15 km will be given millions of tons of dim and a saw, sleep exchanges will not pass, but nuclear winter will come, and then a nuclear winter is on a few rocks, the dewlines will be suppressed, everything can come cover yourself with a snig. In addition, the earth will be covered with radioactive litter. Up to 1 billion people can be lost in the minds of nuclear war, up to 2 billion - in the minds of nuclear winters (Yu. M. Svirezhev, A. A. Baev et al.).

Electromagnetic impulse and secondary factors of performance... With nuclear vibrations, electromagnet fields are detected, as well as pulsed electric discharges and streams. Electromagnetic impulse, which can be set in the atmosphere, can also be used to induce strong streams in antennas, cables, power transmission lines, power transmission lines, etc. people with an electric strum. Radius of electro-magnetic impulse during vibrations of 1 megaton pulls up to 32 km, with vibuhs of 10 megatons - up to 115 km.

To secondary factors, the deterioration is carried out by fire and vibuhi at chemical and naphtha refineries, which can be the reason for the massive exclusion of people with oxide in coal or by other abrasive speeches. Ruynuvannya rowing and hydrotechnical sporudovyuє not safeguarding the zones of flooded settlements. For the sake of the second bureaucrats, the guilt is carried out by engineering and technical, go to the tsikh sporud.

It is necessary for the good nobility, as they are not safe for their nuclear missile fire, and in the correct organization of the destruction of the population.