Silski Settlement and Silski Settlement. Silski Settlement, Classification of Tipi Silski Settlements on the Eastern Continents Scheme

yaki tipi silskih settlement on other continents

indications:

Miscellaneous settlements - populated areas where they can celebrate the onset of national and cultural functions (one or more in small days): 1) promislov; 2) transport; 3) organizational-state, cultural-political and administrative; 4) the functions of organizing the repair and treatment (health resorts). For the significance of local settlements, it is necessary to visit the population of the population, its occupation, the economic and cultural significance of the locality - due to the cultural features of the rural regions and districts. ... For the villagers, the settlement isnu without a name. If you take only Russia, then here - all the villages, villages, villages, farms, villages, etc. In the іnshikh lands, their specific names (auli, kishlaks and іn.) I would like to name the functional specifics of the settlement in the world, talk about the science of typology of the rural settlements on the basis of which it is hardly possible. For the overwhelming function in the suspicious development, one can see two great types of rural settlements: the rural and non-industrial. There is also a type - agroindustrial settlements.

Similar food

• Chitatsky schodennik fun semeyka
• Yak virishiti 4 (x-0.5) -2 (x + 0.3) = - 2.6
• Replace kilka in one day
• From the tsієї proposition of writing the word. By way of pardon options. The sight of the snig looked up from the gates and fell to the ground with important plastics. a) lightning up b) it’s important without falling off c) looking up from the head d) on the ground e) falling on the ground f) staring up g) falling down with plastics h) with important plastics
• Briefly and visibly 1. What is the nimetsy union of boulevards? 2. How many powers are you ?? What about the registration of the Nimets' lands? 3. What are the problems with the history of the Mity Union in 1834? 4. Who is the cadet? Who called the grossbauers? (In Nimetsky lands) 5. So also landag? 6. What caused the revolution in Berlin in 1848? 7. What are the main events of the revolution in Berlin? 8. How to rob the Frankfurt Parliament? 9. Who will be the leader of the Nimetskoi, if you have a problem with the conversation? 10. Who є Chancellor? 11. Who, having come up with the idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bdnannya Nimechchiny "with blood and blood"? 12. Did you fight Prussia in 1864 and 1866? 13. Who are carbonaries? 14. What could not the Vignati of the Austrians in 1848 rotsi be able to do? 15. Yaki national heroesІtalia, fighters for the unity of Іtalії? 16. What is the name of the process of ob'nannya Іtalії? 17. Who is this Kamillo Cavour? 18. Lands, how did they set up an alliance with P'Umont in the struggle against Austria? 19. If the buv clicks the first Italian parliament? 20. What is a plebiscite? 21. Who, if I became the first king of the United Kingdom? 22. If there is no residual information about it?

The population of the settlement (that is, the value of їх for a number of inhabitants) is tied to the viral functions of the settlement, from the form of the settlement, from the history of the given settlement. When a settlement is classified according to its population, in a statistical context, all stenchs are increased by a greater or lesser number of groups, from the found (in 1-5 inhabitants) to the largest (10 thousand inhabitants), and more In the typological lifestyle, it is important to see the size of the population, with some links and the hundred and the most distinctive features of the settlements.

So, a special type - one-yard, single living quarters - represents a large number of settlements in the settlements of mensh yak 10 individuals. Small settlements, for up to 100 inhabitants, as and from the settlements of the settlements, where the servicing of the populations lies in the greatest world among the nearest larger settlements. Lishe vibirkovo (in one small village for a whole territorial group) can be found in the village of a community service (pochatkova school, medical center, red kutochok, hut-reading room or a club, the best store) - all

With a size of 200-500 inhabitants of the skin settlement, there can be a small number of service workers installed, albeit a small number of households, so that the population is proportionally surrounded by the possibilities of cultural and shuttle service. Silskogospodarske settlement of such magnitude in the organizational development can be the base of the singing vyrobnichi odinitsa (a team of collectives, as well as the large farm of the radio state administration).

With the size of the rural settlement of 3-5 thousand inhabitants, the most favorable opportunities are offered for securing the city's 1st level, the amenities and the cultural-by-the-line services for the great events of the great standard schools, the establishment of medical culture. In a virobny, such settlements are found to be optimal as the center of the great dignities in the minds, which allows for the concentration of work force and viral sporuds.

Functional types of rural settlements. People are engaged in different types of activities, and the population also plays a role in the territorial organization of a suspension industry. In the case of a functional typology.

In the population of settlements, there are a number of groups seen: 1) employed in the Silskoe State; 2) take a job in the state government; 3) borrow on new transport; 4) are engaged in industry; 5) to have a busy day in the Silskoe government and industry in the same locality (in the middle of the season); 6) occupy the establishments (state, administrative, cultural, medical, trade), in the meaning of the world servicing and settlements in the district; 7) they are employed in different establishments, the main rank of the service staff is to serve the "team" of the population, who arrive in this place for the purpose of making a decision.

Most of the time, the most functional types of rural settlements can be seen.

There are two main settlements in the middle of the Silskogospodarskiy settlements, which are of the functional type and store the central settlements of collective hospitals and radio hospitals.

As a rule, it’s the most common in the collegiate population center, which is the most important part of its population (both in one and the whole population) and the basic equipment, as well as the most common in the collegiate and in the community schools, schools, and so on. The central settlement will evolve and will grow at a greater pace, not only the settlements of the collective state, or the settlements of the state administration.

The most widespread types of settlements in collective farms are the center of the brigade villages of the rural and complex brigades, the "philia" of the brigade settlements, the undifferentiated "ranks" of the settlements and the different kind of special settlements.

The brigade of the village is the most numerous in the daily collegial development. The members of the collective, who live in such a village, set up a brigade of the brigade (inodi is the number of brigades in the great settlements). Behind the brigade, a state-owned territory was fixed, lay down to this village, in a new one its own vyrobnichi (the state dvir of the brigade), and all the time it was to become a dilyanka, an organizer for a colleague.

Brigade settlements of complex brigades are being developed so that there is a wider variety of services and state-owned independence, service providers in Poland's lands, as well as farms, one garden, etc. Often, the central settlements of other collective spirits, annoyed in the order of enlargement, saved a number of virobniks and large buddies.

The order of the number of types of higher educational establishments of collegial hospitals, as a rule, may not be large in size. Among them, the most widespread near-farm settlements are at quiet farms, which are rooted behind the minds of the population (the leading rank in case of the need to approach natural fodder in the fields, where they are) The size of the size of the farms is acceptable in the economies of the world, and it can also be found at the stage of the mechanization of labor operations in production.

The main types of settlements in the radospiv are in the central settlements (central sadiba) є settlements іddіlen і farms. Behind his camp in the state, the stench is analogous to the brigade and near-farm settlements of collective sports. A significant part of the radioactive settlements will be re-planned, according to the plan, in view of the projects of organizing the government, that such settlements may have even more clear rotations of the functional type, the one-sided warehouse of the population, which is given by the work of the services. Among the quiet hospitals, like the boulevards on the basis of the workers in the state of the collegials, and they have not yet had the necessary time to re-settle on their territory, it is possible to establish radio hospitals - analogs to develop their own viddіlennya radgospu).

A special functional type of warehouse for post-production specialized settlements of robots and services at okremovannyh procurement points (especially for the procurement of thinness, which can be used and will be completed for such a point before the The stench call out even a little more.

Seasonal change of points - "other lives", victorious part of the workers in collective and radio hospitals for a time-long stay at all the major villages in the towns of the state territory, represent the great function of typical people with their own interests. Smell you may want to build that place for a night, one annex for a local and cultural service, to function time-consumingly, during the period given to the item.

There are a lot of wider agricultural fields and trivial points on seasonal pastures, which are developed according to seasons and trivialities. The order of them in the rural districts is to see the trees, the garden and city villages, the reception facilities and the production of agricultural products, etc.

Polovi village collective hospitals and radio hospitals with a short term of vikorystannya (seeding, tidying up, just looking after the seeding and preparing the land for seeding) to reach the great population (the brigade of the brigade, representing up to 60--100 people in the future) -sobshitіy with іdalniyu, soul, worms with kutochkom, first-aid post, trade yatkoyu, etc., with sheds for the inventory that is kind; In the most primitive view of the stench, they represent a group of light wake-ups, attached for a team-hour night, to receive the necessary lane. The stench is widened in the regions, de farming is carried out on the great tracts of the ryllas at the ridges of the old settlements.

Seasonal trivial points are especially widened in areas of empty and pastoral and girskogo triviality, and the number of them in a lot of times surpasses the number of permanent settlements. Typical and options are highly flexible, most often the smell is stored for 1-2 living rooms near wells, trivial rooms or corrals. There are many more folding forms, right up to the whole seasonal settlements with schools, medical centers, shops, which play the role of time centers for working-class creatures on the most intensively victorious pastoral children.

Nesilskogospodarskі settlements in Sіlskih mіtsevstvіstіvіy are presented іnіtіnіy types, tied with vikonannya sіlskogo folklorepodarski functions. In the midst of the nesіlskogospodarskiy rural settlements, there are offensive functional types, or groups of types.

1. Settlements of industrial enterprises, for their size, do not comply with the "qualification" established for local settlements. Behind the step of their links with the Silk statehood of the growing family, small working settlements in these small towns are stored in a singing "typological row" - from the call of "autonomous" (for example, from the yazanikh (settlements at small, vegetable-drying, wine-growing, dairy and other factories; settlements of micro-enterprises with a variety of educational materials).

2. Settlements on the roads of the country. Most of them are tied from zaliznichny transport - from the one-yard "living points" of the rural households, distributed on the line, to the roses and small stations. There are fewer servants of waterways (sadibi beacon, relocation workers, settlements on locks, pier, etc.), small airports, roads (settlements on roadways, gas stations, etc.). V the rest of the rock There are settlements that service gas and product pipelines, pumping stations, as well as distant power transmission lines.

3. Settlements of bud_velnik_v at novobudov. Most of them, with a stretch of their own, surrounded by a term, are brought to the "silsky" settlements, which store a special, specific type of population of mists (more precisely - a group of types, as in the order of the "crowded" robotic settlements at warehouses and bases, etc.). For the vikonannya of its functions, the stinks are either to know, or to glory, to be found at the new industrial point of the local settlements, and sometimes to be reimagined in the silski nesilskogospodarsk settlement of the insh type (promisloviy, a marvelous settlement).

4. Lisopromislovi and lisooboronny settlements. The lisopromislovi settlements roztashovuyutsya, as a rule, on the roads of transport to the forest and even more often on the rafting roads, in the places where the railways go to the rafting routes6. The main types of їх є: a) settlements of forest areas, live brigades of woodcutters; b) settlements of lisopunkt_v, yaki to unite the dough of dilyanok; c) the center of the Lispromgospu - the central settlement for the singing mists system and the forest settlements; d) industrial settlements on the highways of the way to the lisu (rafting, transshipment); e) settlements where there is a lane going to the main roads (call for a settlement of a small type, madness from a maidan village, or a stationary settlement); f) settlements on the main roads - raids, at the zapane, etc. Settlements of type "a" (often іnshі) given m_sci); when designing lisorosorboks, the visa starts at 10-15 years. Ale also shvidko settlements are found in the іnshomu mіsci. Villages of lisnitstv and forest protection service (cordon, lisovy gatehouses) are smaller in size, aledovgovichnish.

5. ribopromislovi and mislivsko-industrial villages. A great state of affairs is the branch of industry, as a rule, there are large settlements of the small type with ports, ribo factories, refrigerators, etc. Ale іsnu a number of ribopromislovsky collectives and brigades of ribolovets in these bases in the villages of settlements - the basis for the formation of reindeer herding brigades, etc.

6. Settlements of scientific stations, post-operatives (at observatories, meteorological stations, etc.) or timings (bases of geological research parties, expeditions).

7. Settlements for the protection of health and coverage of the following types: a) settlements for personnel at the rural schools and homesteads, which have been developed on some of the settlements; b) zamіskі lіkarnі, booths іnvalіdіv, sanatoriums, tо make up the whole settlement with their own statehood; c) childish booths, lisov schools, internati, roztashani in the middle of nature, in the silly world; d) villages of budinks in a separate place, foreign sports and tourist bases. For a large number of functional types, it is characteristic to overhaul (abbreviate a part) of a tim-hour, "winter" population.

The order of the last and the season of the settlement of this kind is at the tourist bases of the winter aboard summer camps, alpinist camps, at the summer camps of the pioneers.

8. Dacha villages - another life of a part of the city's population in the summer hour. According to the day, there is a special type of seasonal settlement, where there are garden groups in front of them (tourist bases, booths, etc.) Large-scale settlements, such as vikoristoyutsya one hour as dachas (delivery of rooms for summer) or resort, not to the same type, such as "villages-bedrooms", the population of some pratsyuє in the city.

9. Zamіskі zhitlovі settlements of robinnikіv and servicemen (settlement - "dormitory" in silskіy mіstsevostі). A whole specific type of settlement expands in the near primitive zones of the great places, creating the unique “life of the philia” of the place. The stench has historically vanished in the process of urbanization in all lands of the world, perhaps a great place, with the presence of handy and quick transport links in the place like a small robot of the inhabitants. The stench can often be seen as a great change, a special kind of companions of the great place, and greatly increased passenger flows between them and the surrounding area. The Danish type of settlements is seen as a kind of settlement for all the settlements, the function of "life" is here and there.

Agrarian and industrial settlements in the Silk society have been divided into two groups in principle: in the same kind of robot in the industry and in the robot in the Silk state, who are welcome to be born as individuals, as living early hour(Leading rank, seasonally) in pink galuzi. The most diverse types of agrarian-industrial settlements are referred to the first group. Another form of growing old galuzei vyrobnitstva in the rural settlements only started to develop (being progressive and promising) and at the same time in the cob stages in the settlements around the great collectives

In the midst of the agrarian-industrial settlement of the first group, which is the present day of the agricultural settlement and the industrial settlement, one can see a number of types due to the nature of the industrial state of the world and the great winter world.

One of the types is characterized by development in the Silk-Gospodar settlement of the industrial processing of the Muscovy Silk-Gospodar products (candies, oil-processing, oil-processing, vegetable cans, crumbs-molasses and others). The second type is to be established when the industrial and commercial enterprises are introduced (and the first is often transformed into a separate "food shop" of the industrial enterprise). The third type is developing with the development in the Silk and Gospodar settlement of virobnistvs, which are servants of the city of consumers, as they begin to work more or less often on the city of Syrovin. A fourth type of warehouse settlement, de order with the silskoy statehood, the winners are not large enterprises of non-religious significance, the vicarious resources are nadr. Up to the fifth type, it is possible to bring the construction of a village of a village and a village of a small industrial enterprise, which is not tied to a small industrial enterprise, which is not tied to the vicarians of the mussel and the nut market, such as, for example, textiles They were historically located in the settlements of Silska, which used to be in the middle of the common handicraft industries).

Technological map to the lesson of geography
	People live: place and silska mistsevist
meta lesson	reach the illuminating results: special result - learn the practical and special significance of the initial material metasubject result - take into account the analysis of the text, graphic and audio-visual information, self-formulation and visualization of the knowledge based on the analysis of the information, and the establishment of logical sounds. subject result - the nobility of the main type of settlement: place and village
engaging in a lesson	1) Formulate knowledge about the population of the settlement, about the management of the city and the population of the city, about the role of the city in the state, cultural and political life of the population; 2) Promote the robot to learn robots with text and little ones from a handler like new knowledge; 3) Formulate an independent understanding of learning difficulties on the basis of the reflective method; 4) Take a look at the analysis, break it down and try it out, think about your own competence, communicate by hearing one thing, catch your point of view and argue in a group.
Planned results:	Subjects porvnuvati the place and the village of the village behind the new viglyad, the number that occupy the population. direct butt the young types of the rural settlements of the world. analizuvati Changes in the number of inhabitants of the city per hour. analizuvati Diagram of the social life of the city and the village of the world. to start for the small dzherels of information on the functions of the localities.		Piznavalny UUD 1. Analyze, analyze and share facts. Reveal the cause. 2. to see all the text information. 3. Converting information from one type to another. Storey of different types of plans. 4. At the start of the initiation of the necessary information, conduct a survey of information, analysis and assessment and reliability. communal UUD 1. Establish your point of view, lead arguments, support facts. 2. Take a look at the situation from the point of view and home with people in their positions. 3. Reasonable position of іnshogo, development in yogo promovі: thought (point of view), proof (argument), facts. regulatory ECD 1. Independently emerge and formulate the primary problem, and initiate the primary activity. 2. Visuvati version of the problem, learn the endurance result, choose from the proponated and shukati independently to achieve the achievement. 3. Look at your work with the mark and, if necessary, correct the pardons on your own. 4. The dialogue with the teacher will be able to self-adapt the assessment criteria. special UUD 1. Otsinuvati from the position of social norms of vlasní vchinki and vchinki of the people. 2. Vyvavlyatie emotionally-centrally placed to the midst of the midst, the need for preservation and rational victorian.
Lesson type	Lesson in methodological directing
formi robots	Individual, group
Basic understanding	Mista, silski settlement. Їх vіdminnostі one vіd one
Dzherela information	A.P. Kuznetsov, L.Є. Savel'va, V.P. Dronov Geography. Earth and people. 7 class Atlas of Geography. Earth and people. 7 class
	Work sheet, multimedia presentation for presentation in Smart Notebook software
organizational stage
Turn on to start in the beginning	Good day friends! I am glad to see you bachiti, and I still want to join the robot with you! Laugh one to one, but now it is me.
Actualization of knowledge and fixation of difficulties in individual performance
Actualization of the boss, it is necessary and sufficient for the reception of new material	Frontal experience: We welcomed you to the great dispensation. Yak vin called? (Lyudina on Earth) Yaki nourished by us vzhe vivcheni (Vidpovidi scholars) How do you think all the material given to you? And why is it necessary to vivchit? (Vidpovidi scholars) І so mi prodovzhumo vivchennya razdila "Lyudina on the Earth"
Preparation of scholars to robotics on the main stage
Organize communal interaction, in the course of which formulate the topic for the lesson, meta lesson and plan for the lesson, as well as bring the scholars to the problematic one	Surprised, I brought a black box with me. Yak vi think, what can you know? ( type of children ) Let me tell you that the objects are tied to the theme of our lesson ( type of children ) (a tram, a horse and a cow ). What have I brought before us to the lesson. How stink can you be tied to the topic of the lesson? Yaky associations of stinks wink at you? ( type of children ) So what will be the topic of our lesson? And read it, it is written in me. EINNELESAN ITKNUP (POPULATION OF PUNKTI) Write to your work sheet Is it possible to set the yak? ( type of children ) Write to your work sheet To reach the lesson, we need to come up with a plan. Is it a settlement? How are you going to visit places and villages? Chomu polyagaє rіznitsya settlement of small types
The stage of mastering new knowledge and methods
Take care of the reception, comprehension and primary knowledge of the knowledge of the material		We start to implement our plan. Yak is hungry for pratsyuєmo why? ( type of children ) Vikoristovuchi the text of the handler, give the viznachennya "settlement" or "settlement" (Miscya, de people live, I will name the settlement or settlements) How widened the stench on the surface of the Earth? (The stench is happening mіzh 78 0 s.sh і 54 0 pdsh. at altitudes up to 5300 m above the sea level) What do you see in the settlements? (Міsta і silskі settlement) Make records in your own working arch. And so, mi zyasuvali, so also the settlement. We need further knowledge ? (What is the reason for the settlement of young types?). The problem of nutrition: Tell me what is the same place on Earth, in which everyone would like to live? Infected with pratsyuєmo groups. persha group pratsyu with the settlements of Silska, friend's group in the place. Your zavdannya: know the characteristic rice of the skin type of settlement. The result of your robot - the table is filled in. You will be helped by food - fairy tales. Sign of the way of life in the way of life in the countryside Orb of Life		silski settlement	place
Zhitlovi mind Do you handle yak booths?	Handling one-topped booths with burnt rooms	Handling overhead booths with handles
busy What is a great part of the population occupied by?	Silskoy domination	pratsu on industrial enterprises, In trade, on transport
The rhythm of life Yaky rhythm of life: quiet or smart? Chi dressing with natural rhythms?	Spokiyny, dressing with natural rhythms	Stress, piece (for a rigid layout)
oversupply Why should the majority of the population be oversupplied?	Great part of the population to walk pishki	There is a large part of the population to pass by bus, tram, etc.
Spilkuvannya	Everyone knows all about one thing; callous control over the behavior of the skin	Ignorance of the life of the sick
liveliness What products do you handle in ratsioni?	Products viroscheni on vlasniy dilyantsi	Products bought in shops

And at once I ask you to present the results of your robots, the protolezhny group is to rob entries in the work sheet (Sounds about a group about a Viconan robot)

Well done! All fit in from the staff. (Physical minute)

And at the same time, let’s break it down? What kind of population point is called a place? (View of children) ... Zrobimo recording in a robotic arc.

De and if the first places have appeared? And what about the place in our region? Name їх.

For the number of the population of the place there are: small up to 50 thousand., Middle 50-100 thousand., Great ponad 100 thousand., Milyoneri more than 1 million. Cholovik. How do you think, to which group should our place be admitted? ( type of children )

And how is it called a miscellaneous agglomeration? De roztashovana naybilsha? And in Russia and in the city of agglomeration? Does the yak sound like a stink? ( type of children )

And what functions can you visit the place? Create records in the work sheet.

Good pratsyuєmo now with the villages of the village. Let's get a piece of lady's value, how is it silska mistsevist? (Teritor_ya pose by mestom). And how will we settle down to be called Silski? Write down your value on the work sheet.

And at the same time, let us wonder, as the tipi of the Silska population є in small cocks planet. For the whole viconєmo, it’s coming to the fore: in the working arkushi є the little girls of the Silsky settlements. I will read to you the viznachennya paragraph, and if you are guilty, I’ll say hello, I’m sorry.

Population point, rostashovany pose mischievous border. Can be a workman, a resort, a dacha (Selische)

Okrem sadiba, a yak roztashovana on the vidokremlenіy dіlyantsі earthі, wоuld be stored in the corystuvanna of the given ruler (Khutir)

Great Cossack Settlement (Stanitsa)

Great Mautok in Brazil. This is the name of the program for 1 channel (Fazenda)

Population point in the mountains. З Türkic movi - "settlement" (Aul)

Small selyanske settlement, in yaku no church (Village)

Sadiba, Skotarske Gospodarstvo in the USA (Ranch)

A settlement in Central Asia. З Türkic movi - "winter house" (Kishlak)

One of the found types of settlement at the Slov'yan (settlement with a church) (Village).

And we are alive with you, in some locality? What is the difference? What kind of rice silky art do we have? And you know that in 2011 we had a referendum, that a large part of the population was free of freedom, about those who see Serishevo become a village. And you vvazhate vi yak? (View of children).

And so, we were showing you a great robot. Tell me, have we reached the set?

Please give me a bag, you have seen it at the end of the year (View of children).

The stage of the first transformation of the mind of Vivchenko

1. Establish the correctness and assimilation of the implanted material.

2. Viyaviti glades of the primordial understanding of the grafted material

Well done! And now I will propound to you the viconati also zavdannya. Before you is encrypted in the home of the message. Read її?

ABVGVSYAKІYEDI

KULIKNOPROMS

VARTIFSVOEBD

TOBOLOTORVSK

DLHACHVALITSI

Every sandpiper should praise his swamp. Yak vi rosumієte tsyu prikazku? Good. And at once I will propon to you, praise the populace of the point. Infected zmіnyuєmosya: a persha group to praise is a place, a friend is a village.

Stage of consolidation of new knowledge and methods of development

Protect in the course of the fixing of the adjustment of the level of comprehension of the vivic material

And so, we were showing you a great robot. Tell me, have we reached the set? Have we reached the delivery?

And who did they rob this year at the level, how to reach the set?

Please give me a bag, you have seen it at the end of the year (View of children).

Let's turn to our problematic food: Tell me what on Earth is there a place where everyone would like to live?

Well, you can tell the drive at once (Mabut, dumb. All people are different: one is like the pace of life in the middle of the cold, the third one cannot live anywhere, except for a native village in the mountains. For some it is more important - cikava robot, for those purely good, For the third - kind-hearted, for the fourth - warm climate, etc. to that for suspension in general and for specific skin people and important and demanding most important places and villages)

Step of information about home management

Protect the intelligence of scholars, wisdom and methods of vikonannya homework

paragraph 15

Vibir Zavdannya:

To create a presentation or a booklet on the topic "Independent place"

Stage of delivery of pidsumkiv

I will give an assessment of the robot to the class and the okremikh scientists

Let's take a lesson and evaluate our robot. Who can you see this year at the level?

stage reflexion

Preserve the learning of the principles of self-regulation and sports

Lads, I want to brutalize respect for the wall, for them the attention of great people. Think 5 sec., I say, as the phrase is the most beautiful your activity at the level, what is the best for you:

Piznannya to obey

Aristotle

I don't know anything .

Socrates

Give me a message and I'll forget.

Show me and I am intelligence

Let me kill myself

I am coming

Confucius

For the skin natural zone, there is a characteristic of its own type of rural settlements and their distribution by territory. In addition, living in children is growing natural minds... The entrustment is to form a highly urbanized village in places.

Small. 2. A hut in the zone of mishmash lisiv ()

The most beautiful minds for the conduct of the Silskoy statehood may be the natural zones and steppes, lis-steppe, broad-leaved leaves and subtropics. Itself in the boundaries of natural zones live a large part of the inhabitants of Russia.

Russia has 150 thousand rubles. Silsky settlement. In an hour, a number of rural settlements and villagers in Russia are changing. The price is tied to the development of industry, extra-budgetary economy, daily life in the Silk society of schools, licenses, socially important institutions, the most often filthy and important minds of life.

The main types of villages in Russia:

1. Village (fig. 3)
2. Stanitsa
3. settlement
4. hutir
5. Kočovi settlement and ін.

Small. 3. A village in the Kaluzkiy region ()

Types of rural settlements by population:

1. Mali (up to 100 chol.)
2. Middle (from 100 to 1000 chol.)
3. Great (over 1000 people)

Inhabitants of the rural settlements are employed in the Silskoy state, the lissy state, the industry. Silski populations are vicarious for the recruitment of both the Silk residents and the tired townspeople (Fig. 4).

Small. 4. Departures in villages ()

Buranovo

Buranovo is a village in Udmurtia. From the same village, the team "Buranovski Babusi" took a scratch for 2 months at "Eurobachenny" in 2012 (Fig. 5).

Small. 5. "Buranovskie grandmothers" on "Evrobachenni" ()

John Copiski

John Copy is a successful entrepreneur who came to Russia and became a farmer.

moose farm

Elk farm - a farm for breeding moose at home

Likovi

Likovi is a family, as she lived without the common and fortunate blessings in Taizi.

List of Literature

The main

1. Geography of Russia: Textbook. for 8-9 cl. zagalnoosvit. installation / Ed. A.I. Aleksєєva: At 2 books. Book. 1: Nature and people. 8 cl. - 4th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2009 .-- 320 p.
2. Geography of Russia. Nature. 8 class: navch. for zalnoosvit. install / І.І. Barinov. - M .: Bustard; Moscow pidruchniki, 2011 .-- 303 p.
3. Geography. Cl. 8: atlas. - 4th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, DIK, 2013 .-- 48 p.
4. Geography. Russia. Nature and people. 8 cl.: Atlas - 7th view., Pereview. - M .: Bustard; Vidavnitstvo DIK 2010 - 56 p.

Encyclopedias, vocabularies, presenters and statistical books

1. Geography. A modern encyclopedia / A.P. Gorkin - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2006 .-- 624 p.

Literature for training before DPA and ZNO

1. Thematic control. Geography. The nature of Russia. 8th class: the head master. - Moscow: Intellect-Center, 2010 .-- 144 p.
2. Tests from geography of Russia: 8-9 classes: before handlers ed. V.P. Dronov “Geography of Russia. 8-9 class: navch. for zalnoosvit. installation "/ V.І. Єvdokimov. - M .: Vidavnistvo "Sleep", 2009. - 109 p.
3. Gotuєmosya to DPA. Geography. 8 class. Підсумкове testing in the formatі іspitu. / Auto-order T.V. Abramov. - Yaroslavl: TOV "Akademiya rozvitku", 2011. - 64 p.
4. Test-in-law. Geography. 6-10 grades: Basic methodical book / A.A. Letyagin. - M .: TOV "Agency" KRPA "Olimp": "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - 284 p.

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Vimiryuvan ().
2. Russian Geographical Partnership ().
3. Geografia.ru ().
4. Federal State Statistics Service ().

Home zavdannya

Clause 57.

1. Name the main types of villages.

Sound 522 p., 2 h., 201 fig., 16 tablets, 164 dzherel, 13 dod.

MODELІ, VILLAGE, XXI , TYPOLOGIYA, STAYKIST, ROSVITOK, FACTORS, ARCHITECTURE, VILLAGE, SIL'SKE STATE.

About the development of the Silski settlement XXI the capital based on the analysis of vital and foreign news.

Meta robots on the basis of the development of historical and social and cultural features of the rural settlements and territories, on the basis of modern methods recent and project development of living and publishing models of rural settlements of the XXI century.

The results of this prelude robot will allow the revision of an active assessment of the early 20th century scientific rosettes in the sphere of the vivification of the Siberian settlements in Russia and beyond the cordon, as well as the stage of rosetting of the program for saving and developing stolittya.

In the process of conducting a test of the scientific-pre-past robotics of the test: an analysis scientific doslіdzhen in the sphere of vivchennya of silsky settlements in Russia and foreign lands(Chapter 1); a factor that has been added to the molds of the Silsky settlements (chapter 2); analysis of types and typologies of rural settlements on the basis of historical and modern nobles and development (Chapter 3); priming and distribution of models of Silsky settlements (chapter 4); vicono assessment of the country of the Silk territories and settlements, which require address state support for their preservation and development (Chapter 5); methodological implications and recommendations for nutrition in the development of rural areas and settlements (Chapter 6). Dodatkova information is given in supplementary details.

The robot's results are shown below.

VALUE JOIN 1. Analysis of scientific dosages in the sphere of vivchennya silskih settlements in Russia and foreign countries 1.1. Revealing of historical and cultural lands (regions) and іkh cordons on the butt of the Russian Pivnochі 1.2. Types of settlements and planning features of the rural settlements 1.3. Historical re-thinking of architectural and planning traditions in the territory of Russian Pivnoch. Vibir mice in the natural environment. Grouped villages and planuvalny priyomi Architectural space and compositional organization 1.4. Development of a social and cultural typology of rural settlements, including historical and contemporary aspects of their development 2. Doslіdzhennya factors, scho pour on the molds of the Silsky settlements 2.1. Energy efficiency of the village 2.2.Ecological development to the end of the Silskoy settlement 2.3. Infusion of ecological factors into the plan of the Silsky settlements 2.4. Interconnection of architectural and climatic factors with energy efficiency of low-level living forget 2.5. The influx of background and cultural climatic minds into the forgetting of the Silsky settlement 3. An analysis of the types and typologies of rural settlements on the basis of historical and modern nobles and development. 3.1. Typical rural settlements for architectural and spacious solutions 3.1.1. Historical reconsideration and formulation of architectural solutions of Silsky settlements vilna zabilova Perimetral (centric) Zabakov Radialno-kiltseva zabilova Ryadova (linea, vulichna) zabitova Regularly Zabova Landscape-sadibna zabidova 3.2. Typology of Sylsk settlements 3.2.1. Ugrupovannya settlement for їх size (population) 3.2.2. Functional typology of casual settlements 3.3. Dosvid of the organization of the rural settlements on the buttresses of the foreign regions 3.3.1. Dosvid oblastuvannya silskih settlements of the USA V. Petrov "Small-scale living in the USA", ARBAT Builders Inform Agency, Chicago, USA 3.3.2. Dosvid oblastuvannya silskih settlement of Kanadi 3.3.3. Dosvid oblastuvannya of the village of Nimechchini 3.3.4. Dosvid oblastuvannya silskih settlements in Norway 3.3.5. Dosvіd oblastuvannya silskih settlements Švetsії 3.3.6. Dosvid oblastuvannya silskih settlements Finland Development of types and basic models of Silsky settlements of the XXI century The project of the silskogo settlement Regional features of the formulation and development of the Silskoy middle Analysis of changes in the form of a bitter character forget Silskih territories 4.4. Proponated models of living rooms 4.5. Propositions for the formation of models of silskih sadib 4.6. Proponated models of rural settlements 4.6.10. Zamiski zhytlovy settlement (cottage settlement) 5.1. An analysis of the will of the Silsky settlements in Russian Federation 5.2. Assessment of the will of the rural territories and settlements, which will require an address state policy for their protection and development 5.2.1 Granting Potential Potential Index 5.2.2. Rozrakhunok index of budgetary vitrates 6.1. Concept of the development of settlements 6.2. Umovy the development of the rural settlements of the XXI century 6.3. The factories, which are injected into the steel of the development of the Silsky territories 6.4. State policy for securing the development of the Silsky settlements Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated June 6, 2003 r N 131-FZ "On the principle of organizing the local self-production in the Russian Federation." Congratulations to the Rada of the Federation on the 24th spring of 2003 to rock. 6.6. Doslіgennya and methods of organizing partnerships in silskie territories with urahuvannya zarubіzhnyh dosuvіdu 6.7. Development of propositions on interdisciplinary preliminaries of resources in the development of an expert in the Silskiy settlement 6.8. The fate of the population and the organization of partnerships: russian dosvid VISNOVOK LIST OF LITERATURE SUPPLEMENTS supplement A Typical settlement typical for the Russian Pivnochi (on the butt settlement of the Arkhangelsk region and the Republic of Karelia) dodatok B List of settlements of the Misky type systematized from the Pereliku of historical places of Russia supplement B Rate the size of the area for the service attendant supplement G Add the Budivel of the Community Service Provider of the Silski Settlements dodatok D The architecture of the virobnicheskoy middle of the sil'sk settlement supplement E Architecture of industrial enterprises of the silskogospodarskiy roslinnitstva supplement F Structural and functional diagram of the UNIC "Agrotekhnopark" supplement Z Interdisciplinary supply for the silskiy settlement supplement І Attach the population to the project of silskiy development Dodatok to The project of the Svitovoy bank "Misseve samovryadvannya and huge fate in silskiy Russia" supplement L Dosvid of the organization of agricultural settlements on the butt of the settlement "Melentsi" (Republic of Serbia) dodatok M Methodology for state cadastral valuation of lands settlement dodatok N The stage of the development of the Silsky settlements of the XXI century

1. The Mistodivniy Code of the Russian Federation from the 29th of July, 2004, as amended on July 17, 2009.
2. SNiP 2.07.01-89 *. Містобудування. Planning and forgetting of city and country territories. M .: GUP TsPP, 2000.
3. SNiP 2.08.01-89 *. Zhitlov_ booths. M .: GUP TsPP, 2000 ..
4. SNiP 2.08.02-89 *. Suspension booths and equipment. M .: GUP TsPP, 2000 ..
5. SNiP 23-01-99 *. Budivelna climatology. M .: GUP TsPP, 2001 ..
6. SNiP 31.02-2001 *. Houses of living, one-apartment. M .: GUP TsPP, 2001 ..

VALUE

acoustic climate the supremacy of the natural-climatic and acoustic characteristics of the midst (directly in the middle, the type of underlying surfaces and levels of transport and noise).

Friendly navkolishnє middle ground navkolishn middle-class, the quality of which will ensure the stability of the functioning of natural ecological systems, natural and natural-anthropogenic objects (Federal Law dated 10.01.2002 No. 7-FZ (zi zm. as of 31.12.2005) "About the protection of navkolishn"

Great Silski Settlement settlement of 3-5 thousand chol. (SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Mistobuduvannya. Planning and forgetting of the Sylsk settlement.

village a small settlement, forgotten by the deprivation of peasant courtyards, but to grow into a single-sized and simple structure, but to grow up to a single household, forget to forget about the middle-aged courtyards of the villagers

closed plan the plan is characterized by the staging of living quarters near the center of a square, a church, a chapel. (Additional types of planuvan widened on water). Kargopol has such a system of planning, the yak came from Novgorod, called "Konchansk".

Great Silski Settlement settlement of St. 5 thousand chol.(SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Mistobuduvannya. Planning and forgetting the village of Silska).

Landscape and recreational territory Territory, which includes foxes, lisoparks, lisozakhisnі zones, waters, lands of the Silskogospodarsky Victory Day and іnshі ugіddya.

Mali Silski Settlement Settlement up to 0.05 thous.chol. (SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Mistobuduvannya. Planning and forgetting the village of Silska).

zvintar center of labor for the number of other forces. Here a church was erected and a vastovanny treasury. Tsvintars became strongholds of trade, and there were held shorts fairs. The main element of the planuval structure of the tsvintars is the trading area. In the process of historical development, they steadily lost their primary function of the administrative-state-owned bush center, re-creating in the church with the storeroom. Tsvintar is also a district, so it has an administrative structure within the singing territory.

Posad in front of a place or a monastery, as well as a very zvychayny row (order) of village huts near the village (a street in two villages).

Pochinok one-yard settlement.

virobnicha territory Territory, designated for the distribution of virobny enterprises and facilities connected with them, complexes of scientific installations with additional information, utility and warehouse facilities, equipped with out-of-the-box transport.

ordinary plan planning, as it is characterized by a linear composition of settlements and sil, the little ones, which are due to the peculiarities of the relief of the world. Orієntatsіya head facades, as a rule, for pivday (zvychayna "on lito"), on the rychka chi lake (coastal zvychayna). The options for the plan can be as follows: one-, two- or two-ary villages (coastal-row and mudflow-row). Tsiu planuvannya on Pivnochi will knit together with the hour of the Slov'yanskogo development and the most expanded in the towns of Novgorod colonization, tobto in the basin of the river. Onega, in Kargopol and in the lower reaches and in the middle course of the Dvina, chastkovo on the Sukhona. Oscillations of a large number of pimples flow from the afternoon to the evening, then some of the rows of buddies are laid out perpendicular to the angle, which is tied from the organization of the head facades to sleep.

light climate the degree of natural characteristics of illumination and ultraviolet optimization (number, spectrum, contrast of illumination, brightness of a clear and dark sky, triviality of sleepy water, some and spectrum of ultraviolet radioactivity).

planning, which is characterized by a daily regularity in the staging of living rooms and state-run events and their organization. Outside-single-row settlements are similar to the rows, which are developed in a different way. For all settlements with high-street layouts, vyklyuchayu high-street with one-sided layouts, the enticing closedness of the vast-spacious composition. Expanded by the head rank on the lands, de inhabiting the Finno-Ugorsk population.

Before the agricultural territory the territory, which includes the living rooms of the booths, the huge buildings and structures, the communal facilities, the streets, the squares, the gardens and the parks, and the іnshі city of the zealous corridor.

village the center of the great land with a church, a parish and a trading area, up to which heavy a great booth of other rural settlements. In relation to its values ​​in the system of planting, it’s a lot of growths to grow on the top of the tree. The planuval structure of the village became apparent in the form of a huge center with a church and Torzhok, since the beginning of a centric composition with a vertical view and an ordinary rosette, forget with a wrong ring, or a square around the great open interior. Some of these areas were vineyards in the direction of the main living rooms.

Silske settlement one or only a few of them share a social territorysettlements(Selishch, sil, village, sil, khutor_v, kishlak_v, aul_v in the largest rural settlements), in somem_stseve samovryvannya HELP the populations without the need for a middle (or) through the viborni and іnshі organisms of the mice self-production. Silske settlement enter the warehousemunicipal district. (Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated June 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ "On the principle of organizing the organization of self-production in the Russian Federation").

Silske settlement of the XXI century For settling, forming on the principles of landscape gardening, forget in any zaddyaky modern technologies of social, engineer and virobnicha of infrastructure, create the most friendly mind for the development of human potential, genetically intelligent.

Sloboda The settlements of a certain type were recognized on the newly conquered lands, and the powers and helpers were won on the minds of the landowners and remnants.

Middle Silski Settlement - settlement from 0.2 to 1 yew. Chol. (SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Mistobuduvannya. Planning and forgetting the village of Silska).

thermal climate the nature of the natural characteristics of the radioactive, temperature-sensitive and airborne environment of the midst (thermal sleepiness, temperature, volume, speed, and straightforwardness).

On the street, on the plan, on the plan, pummeled roztashuvannyam forget and budinkiv udovzh vulytsya, on the yak go to the head facades. Outside-single-row settlements are similar to the rows, which are developed in a different way. For all settlements with high-street layouts, vyklyuchayu high-street with one-sided layouts, the enticing closedness of the vast-spacious composition.

energized buds future, organized on an effective basis for the energy-efficient potential of the new middle, natural-climatic factors of the new middle, for the in order to allow for the spaciousness of space, architectural forms and technical systems on the energy dzherela of the new middle (sun, wind, soil, etc.)

energy efficiency budіvlі, SSMSC not vikoristovuyut energіyu natural seredovischa (tobto alternative Jerel) i spriyayut zaoschadzhennyu energії, zdebіlshogo for rakhunok udoskonalennya systems їh іnzhenernogo zabezpechennya (yak naybіlsh "energoєmnih" warehouses energetichnogo "skeleton" budіvlі) structurally elementіv scho viznachayut character i іntensivnіst energoobmіnu іz zovnіshnіm seredovischem (zovnіshnіh ogorodzhen, i vіkon etc.) and takozh optimіzatsії arhіtekturnih rіshen, spryamovanoї on skorochennya energovitrat (pіdvischennya kompaktnostі obsyagіv, skorochennya ploschі sklіnnya, vikoristannya mіstobudіvnih priyomіv i arhіtekturnih forms scho nіvelyuyut negativnі vplivi natural and anthropogenic faktorіv zovnіshnogo middle ground - vіtru, sun, etc.).

JOIN

The unfavorable country of the Bagatykh rural settlements, as well as the viral and agricultural enterprises, the population, especially the young from the village, the launching of the territory of the village of the XXI century. Nutrition, such as restoration (renewal), reconstruction, as well as new developments, is emerging at the link with the center of respect for the factions of the other spheres of activity. Underestimation of the peculiarities of the way of life of the Silskoy population, their lack of control in the sphere of administrative decisions is still to produce a feast without being replaced by new cultural ideas. Renovation of and / or development of agricultural enterprises of a growing type without any need for savings or new development of the village and living complexes. However, the resources, which are directed to the central point of view, are often poorly effective, are directed according to the foreign and regional programs and the projects of the village are directed according to the surplus principle.

Today it has become obvious that in the process of modernization, it is not a pity that they are deprived of the renewal of economical food and technological changes. The process is aimed at social and cultural changes, including the living conditions of the population, saving and developing the settlement and significant elements of the decline, as they create special hospitality in the period of overwakening. Earn pennies and invest in gas, naphtha and ін. The galus of the people's statehood is necessary, but the landscape is not of a national decline and is not an important resource for the development of Russia. Small places, like the center of the rural area, so і villages and villages, іkh monuments є symbols of the land, and the current year become a product of the tourism industry, the workers who make money are worth everything developed lands light. However, the engineering and social infrastructure of the rural settlements will require both reconstruction, as well as in a new spacious solution, such as themselves, as well as in everyday life with the use of modern living methods, modern It is important to feed the old social groups of the population, who live in different types of rural areas and from the historical and cultural lands. other regions Russia.

Meta given robots:

On the basis of the development of historical and social and cultural features of the rural settlements and of the rural territories, on the basis of the education of the last ten years, on the basis of the long-standing modern methods of development of the projects of modern life

To achieve the delivered item, you need to know the following:

• viconati analysis of scientific dosages in the sphere of vivchennya of the rural settlements of Russia and foreign countries;
• development of social and cultural typology of Sylsk settlements, vikhodyachi historical aspectsїх development;
• to prepare proposals for interdisciplinary advanced rural settlements before being broken up by an optometrist, as for regional, historical, social and cultural, subject-wide, natural-ecological, economic
• viznachiti factories, scho to pour on the stem (development) of the Silsky territories;
• development of typology of rural settlements, including historical and contemporary aspects of their development;
• viconati an analysis of architectural-planuvalny decisions, which is stagnant in 2003 2008 rocky beyond the cordon in Russia;
• by the factor, which can be used to infuse the architecture of the planning and development of the rural settlements, as well as the life of the rural population;
• development of options for living models of rural settlements and applications of architectural-planuvalny villages of rural settlements;
• the development of indicators for the development of rural territories and settlements, which require address state support for their preservation and development within the framework of development schemes of territorial planning for the development of historical typical settlements;
• obruntuvati viznachennya witness "silske settlement XXI century ";
• development of models of "silskih settlement" XXI century ";
• provide a methodological basis for the advancement of rural settlements, planning and organization of the "rural settlements" XXI century ";
• give recommendations on methodical approaches for the development of forecasts and development programs of territories, formulating schemes of territorial planning for Silsky settlements;
• development of methods of integration of the program of building (reconstruction) of the rural settlements in XXI capital with programs for sustainable development of the rural areas of the Russian Federation;
• preparation of proposals for the introduction of changes to the legislation of the Russian Federation for the prevention of the implementation of visits to the establishment of the Silsky settlements XXI century

1. Analysis of scientific dosages in the sphere of vivchennya silskih settlements in Russia and foreign countries

1.1. Revealing of historical and cultural lands (regions) and іkh cordons on the butt of the Russian Pivnochі

The development of historical and cultural lands (regions) and their cordons, traditionally located in the territory of the rural regions of the country, needs to be analyzed and vrahovuvati in any social and cultural project. The evidence of such an analysis will be presented below on the private application of the territories of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda lands (regions). The first butt will be lostdemonstrate within the framework of the given by those who are learning and model of such an experience for the first territories of Russia 1 .

From the historical and cultural lands, we rise up the territory, which is characterized by the singing spirit of natural, historical, social-cultural, architectural-spacious and landscape parameters, which is to be seen in the singing, time-honored period of people. For the sake of seeing such lands є spacious-hours of visibility, power in the regions of life of the small social groups of the population. In addition, it seems, in the capacity of one of the hundred indicators, that you can be secured with a different zoning, you will see the level of development in the development of the historical complex cultural decline, Piddajutsya real vivchennya, in singing contiguous territorial loci.

Such a pidhid is seen from the historically formed administrative institutions (region, region, republic), every hour it is important to leave the path and simulate the active laws of the natural form of culture on the territory. It is also because of the fact that the addition of the historical and cultural regions is presented in a step-by-step manner. At the junction of the cymbals, they appear to end up crumbling and lie down as in the social-economic, political, cultural ties as in the middle of the pre-juvenile lands, as in the pose of them. Moreover, in the middle of the skin, historical and cultural region, there can be a local subregion, in which it can differentiate for more private cultural indicators 2 ... Within the framework of the main region, there are some reasons to think about it on the local level and in case of detailed readings, like the field of local rice of the traditional culture. It is necessary to determine the way of life of the population, national (regional) self-identity, norms of behavior, form of socialization, etc.

Foreign pre-slighers, associated with the problems of cultural areas, have different points of view on the processes of folding and development. Tsikavim є dumka of the American vcheny D. Mineing 3 The development of a statement about the "ideal" region, how to develop from: the nucleus, the domain of that sphere ("periphery"). The core is a cultural center, with a high area of ​​the population, with a singular uniformity, there are low signs and characteristics of this culture. The domain is the middle part of the territory, the culture is given intensively, but there is more regional peculiarity. The sphere is a zone of delight, the culture is represented by only other elements that have grown in other cultures. Such a model of the historical and cultural region can be widened on the territory, populated for a three-hour hour, to reach the closed and apparently isolated from the influx of the latest social and cultural systems. The center of such a region (a locality, a settlement of a small type of settlement) is a place of cultural innovations, in large schools until the change of its social and economic characteristics.

The results of the pre-treatment of the doctor architect V. P. Orfinskaya and the doctor of ethnography E. Heikin 4 , I will reveal the nature of the expansion of cultural education in the periphery of the cultural regions. Pre-oldsters mourn the respect for the appearance of their own "symbolic" cordons of such territories, for example, in Karelia and Finland. In the world of penetration from the center of the district to the periphery when assessing, for example, memorials to traditional folk architecture, folklore traditions, new ethnographic materials help to promote not the recognition of the specific features, symbols Tse can be quilted in decorative elements sporud, in items applied art, In rituals and T. D. Symbolic sense, laying down in outward speeches, close to the cordons of the cultural region nabuva naybilsh yaskravi form, scho є, mabut, imagining the evocative mechanisms of behavior, the way of life, people 5 and T. D.

Robots have guessed to confirm the fact that the cordon of historical and cultural zones can have a mother's character. For the sake of smoothness, the deed of the "overflowing" of the powerful ethnic culture into the day, can be close behind its own qualities. For the fixation, the "solidification" of its meaning in terms of the relationship to the mainstream, which is prone to the cordon of national groups and territories. At the connection of these words, they become obscure mechanisms of the establishment of such inter, especially those that started in this hour, and, by ourselves, the functions of agglomeration in the system are developing, gigantic new processes and such D. -cultural regions, which will be used in the zone of active winter inflows. All the nutritional value is still a matter of fact, but it is obvious that such a situation is infused into the formation of any social, architectural and viral projects. Yak and those who are inhabited, who live in the rural lands, may be the type and the character, particularity, tradition and the same.

At the heart of the internal connections of the territorial spirits lies the versatility of labor, as there is great strength and versatility of spaciousness. At the same time, the connection of a spacious extension of culture in the boundaries of a singing territory with a state structure is manifested in all aspects that characterize the historical and cultural zones: geographic, historical, local, space-based, inclusive system-rose. It’s insanely, very climatic minds of the territories, it is literally infused into the form of warehouse social and cultural elements. At the connection with the city during the development of historical and cultural regions and the establishment of them between, it is necessary to develop both the state and the social and cultural factor for the development of the suspension in the past: the history of the development of land, the system of growth population, history "miscy" in the period of its formation and in. At the same time, I am especially guilty of respecting that historical period, for which we are aware of the importance of the historical and cultural region.

To clarify the visibility of the outlying theoretical world of the world, as well as the necessary problems for us to be discussed privately, these days, which were carried out for the purpose of the historical and cultural zone of the Arkhangelsk and the Vologda region, like the methodological

Already from the middle of the XIX century in Russia, it began to be carried out economical area of ​​land, more geographic position, social structures, trade specialization of the population. However, before the revolution 6 when vivchenna, for example, pivnichnyh districts of the land (Pomor'ya), they took as a basis the chief rank of geography, Administrative subdivision edge, and social, economic and cultural minds were introduced to a different role. In this hour, the basis of such a district has become to serve not only socially-economical, but cultural parameters, learned, persh for everything in the view of architects, ethnographic, linguistic and other characteristics of contemporary territories.Necessary knowledge of the history of the development of territories 7 .

As a result, the development of the emerging migrants from the Novgorod and Rostov-Suzdal lands were assimilated to the autochthonous populations, establishing their own “fusion” of cultures. If I wanted to come from the winter and from the last day, the population of the Bulo Russian for walking, protest, there is very little power of ethnocultural awareness. The stench manifested itself in all the elements of the territory: in my life, in life, in the plans of the settlement, etc. Besides, in the XVIII XIX century. the culture in the significant lands was infused with the development of places, which are generally in the mainstream of the development of local traditional attractions, and at the same hour they were infused great centers: Moscow, Petersburg and in. Such characteristics of the region explain the abundant facts in the development and development of the culture, including folk architecture and settlement.

Ale, with all the strength of the culture of the place on the rural life, on art, crafts and decorative and applied objects in the skin, historical and cultural region, they continued to acquire their own peculiarities, characteristic of the deprivation of this world. It should be taken into account, first of all, for everything, up to the planar peculiarities of the settlement, folk architecture, to decorative and other elements. If I wanted to change the state decrees and decrees, they made changes to the re-insured structure for an hour.

On the culture in the developed historical and cultural zones, the influx of ethnic peoples was born, and they inhabited and settled the cities in the period of land development: Komi, Vepsians, Karelians, Nenets, Russians, Ukrainians. The rest have resigned themselves to the Pivnich district from the new districts of Russia in the post-reform period. The living quarters also have elements of construction and decor, expanded in the Ukrainian and Russian lands.

Crazy, so many minds were laid, on one side, at the basis of the historical and cultural information of the Russian Pivnoch, from the last - they changed their minds before all the ideas, to be admired in all regions of the land. With such a view, it is also important to think that geographic thinking, within the framework of that particular region, is necessary for the formation of a relatively stylistic cultural spirituality, a geographic middle ground. Є The singing ring between the contours of the physical and geographical cordons and between the historical and cultural regions, which geographers and ethnologists are fond of. geographic center Bula is a hundred bureaucrat in the development of agrarian, industrial, wake-up calls. regional features of the population; Vona played an important role in the development of settlements and plans, in the funerals of the paid peasants, in the architectural and artistic traditions of the people.

The designation of the territories of historical and cultural regions in the rural regions and of these cordons, it is possible to follow the economic indicators and development, for example, on the preliminaries of the system and development, to look at the quality of the material ін. dіyalnosti of the population. It is important to note the age of the planuval specialties of the rural settlements, the structure of the village gardens, the state buddies. It’s the greatest element of the material culture, which identifies the peculiarities of cultural territorial spirits, which is transmitted by the traditional rite of the trivial period of history at the moment of populating the territory So, for example, in the monuments of living architecture, quiet regions, as they were settled in the early stages by Novgorodians, today can be found in the XII century, as they appear in the Novgorod archaeological sorcerers of the last ten years. The architecture of a number of districts of the Nizovskaya migration has decorative and constructive features characteristic of the architecture of the Kostroma Trans-Volga region.

I will look at the nature and architectural features of the living rooms, in general, measured and close to the second thousand, systematized for constructive, typological and in. Signs, clearly traced in the rural areas, we have proponated the historical and architectural zones of the developed territories. For the confirmation of the idea of ​​the world between the historical-cultural and historical-architectural zones, it is necessary to carry out additional, re-education, to follow the given topics. Analysis, zokrem, recordings of living rooms in order to confirm the hypothesis 8 ... The pre-development of traditional folk architecture, allowing to carry out the first cartography, appeared on the territory of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions of the advance, historical and cultural zones with their singular characteristics.

1. Zahidnaya zone of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions(B. Olonets province Kargopolsky, Plesetsky, Onezhsky districts and Arkhangelsk regions; Vashkinsky, part of the Vologda district of the Vologda region).
2. Basain r. Waga (Bolsky, Shenkursk, Konoshsky, Ustyansk districts and the Arkhangelsk region; chastkovo Verkhovazhsky district, part of the Syamzhensky, Vozhegodsky, Tarnogsky Vologda regions.
3. Basain r. Pivnichna Dvina(Ponizzy Kholmogorsky, part of the Vinogradiv district of the Arkhangelsk region, B. Kholmogorsky district); middle current Vinogradiv, Verkhneemsk district of the Arkhangelsk region; upper Krasnoborsk, Veliko-Ustyug province. B. Solvichegodology.
4. Basain r. Pinegi(Arkhangelsk region - colishny Pinezhsky district of Arkhangelsk province.)
5. Basain r. Mezeni(Mezensky and Leshukonsky district of the Arkhangelsk region, Kolishny Mezensky povit)
6. Basain r. Wichegdi(Lensky, Yarensky district, Arkhangelsk region, Part of Komi ARSR b. Yarensky and part of Ust-Sisolsky district of Vologda province.)
7. Basain r. Sukhoni(Totemsky, Nyuksensky, part of Tarnogsky, Babushky, Sokalsky, Mezhirichsky districts of the Vologda region).
8. Pivdenno-skidny districts of the Vologda region(Nikolskiy, parts of Babushkinskiy and Kich-Gorodetskiy districts in the Vologda region)
9. Pivdenno-Zakhidny districts and the Vologda region(Bilozersky, Ustyuzhensky, Chagodoshchensky, Babaevsky, a part of Vozhegodsky and Kirilivsky districts)

Central districts of the Vologda region (Vologda, Gryazovetsky, Syamzhensky, part of Sokalsky, Kharovsky, Kubensky districts of the region)

1. Pomor'ya The coastal smog of the White Sea.

Small. 1.1 Map diagram.

Historical and cultural zone of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda lands

1.2. Types of settlements and planning features of the rural settlements

Types of settlements and planning features of the rural settlements on the lookout pivnichnyh lands There are different types of settlements and settlements of ancient or common words, as well as type and planuvan. 9 Here it is possible to create laggodzhennya, hangings, tsvintari ("misce" and "district"), nearby, villages, villages, settlements, farms. The main type of settlement in cich lands is the purpose of gn_zdovy raztashuvannya settlements, which combine a sprinkle of power and establish a group (nest). The stench, as a rule, is one kind of one per kilometer and patronomical name.

The planning of the settlement was carried out by ethnographers and architects, and the links between the planning of settlements and geographic minds are obvious. ten ... However, the main role in these formulated grails of social and economic reasons: the state differentiation of regions, the nature of their settlement, the setting of the rural community, etc. In the large-planuval structures of the settlement, the settlement was both social, functional, and artistic side of its organization. More important is the significance of the smallness of the masses, it gave rise to the composition of priyom and planuvan villages and the miscellaneous distribution of cult sporuds.

Predators vvazhayut vilna or the desolate structure of settlements on the Russian Pivnochі found out, tied up її winnіnya s cob capturing landholdings і one-yard or little house (up to ten households) character to the XIIY settlement ( capital). In the process of evolution, one-yard villages changed to multi-yard ones. (In the іnshih regions of Russia, zokrem, in the central regions, in the Volga region and ін. Ін. Ін. In the world, the development of economical trade and trade has grown in importance, as the main transport "highways" of Pivnoch. The stench was the reason for the row character of the settlement. V XYIII - COB XIX Art. everywhere there is a settlement of the high-street character, until the end XIX stolittya became the main form-making elements. Tsi settlements made a great expansion on the watersheds.

Small. 1.2.1 Planuvannya of silsky settlements - Arkhangelsk and Vologda region

Methodically go to the plan of the Silsky settlements can be divided into five main types:

Vіlna abo bezladna planuvannya , It is characterized by the general regularity in the staging of the living rooms and state-run events and their organization. Most of the head facades are arranged to the sun. Such settlements are widened in the mountains, from far away from the rivers on the waters. Settlement of a desolate plan is characteristic of the regions with the Finno-Ugric populations, for example, Karelians and Finnish, in the Kargopolsky region of the Arkhangelsk region, in the basin of the river. Onega, as well as on the territory of the Republic of Komi. The stench was spared in the Old Believers' districts of the upper Pinega and on the river. shi 11. (Fig. 1.2.1, 1.2.2).

2. Closed form It is characterized by the staging of living rooms near the center of a square, a church, a chapel. (Additional types of planuvan widened on water). Kargopol has a planuvannya system, the yaka came from Novgorod, called "Konchansk" 12 ... And so it is itself, as near the center of Novgorod "Ditintsya", "kintsi" (districts) were spread, so in the whole plan near the center of the village there were "kintsi" from the streets (M. Khalui village, Dvnakovo village; , Vaga, Sukhona, village Lipivka, Bolsky district). (Fig.1.2.2)

3. Call for a plan characterized by a linear composition of settlements, babies which are characterized by the peculiarities of the relief of the world. Orієntatsіya head facades, as a rule, for pivday (zvychayna "on lito"), on the rychka chi lake (coastal zvychayna). The options for the plan can be as follows: one-, two- or two-ary villages (coastal-row and mudflow-row). Tsiu planuvannya on Pivnochi will knit together with the hour of the Slov'yanskogo development and the most expanded in the towns of Novgorod colonization, tobto in the basin of the river. Onega, in Kargopol and in the lower reaches and in the middle course of the Dvina, chastkovo on the Sukhona. Oscillations of a large number of small branches flow from day to day, then some of the rows of buds are laid out perpendicular to the angle, which is tied from the organization of the head facades to the sun 13 .

4. Vulichna planuvannya to start roztashuvannyam forget about budinkiv udovzh street, on the yak go to the head facades. Outside-single-row settlements are similar to the rows, which are developed in a different way. For all settlements with high-street layouts, vyklyuchayu high-street with one-sided layouts, the enticing closedness of the vast-spacious composition. (Fig. 1.2.1, 1.2.3).

Small. 1.2.2 Vilne planuvannya. Der. Nikitinskaya, U. shiya, Verkhiv'ya r. Pinegi, Arkhangelsk region. Small. O. Sevan

Small. 1.2.3 Vulichna planuvannya. Zaozerye, r. Mezen, Arkhangelsk region.

Small. O. Sevan

An option for a high street plan is to serve the village, to cross the roads, if you want to walk parallel to the street (so called the village "Khrestoviki"). Vulichny planuvannya was widened in places, settled by migrants from Nizovskaya colonization, for a few days, some of them in the Volga basin, the same form of settlement was expanded 14 ... In the end of the XIX, the ear of the XX century. Vulichni form a settlement nabuli of great expansion in the whole territory. Bagato rows of villages were transformed into high schools (the Sukhona River, the Vaga River, the Dvina River, the first stage of the Vologda Oblast) (Fig. 1.2.1).

5. Planning change common in some elements of large planar structures. The stench was established in the process of the growth of silt and expanded everywhere, albeit mainly on the waters (on the river Vahe village Palkino, village Simakova) (Fig.1.2.1).

The development of peasantry in the 19th century was marked by the change of planuvan. Shops, komori, taverns and taverns appeared in the village booths. The services were awakened by the poor villagers. Differentiating for social indicators of the development of village gardens: Nearer to the huge center of the shopping area, or the church, the booths of the villagers were erected. Official decrees and projects pereplanuvan settlement XYII XIX cent. insanely, we got used to waking up power. At the cich decrees, which were planted everywhere in Russia, they began as small booths, legalized the setting of comor and lazin in gibin of dilyanoks, and hundreds and cottages of wine in a line of yards. The main type of planuvan bula is vulichna. At the XIX century. Under the incessant decree and orders of the rich villages, the settlements added clear geometric shapes, for an hour they were not tied to the landscape. When the settlement was re-awakened, a meeting was introduced for the community buildings (churches, public buildings, schools). Near quiet villages, where the value of fairgrounds was rejected, trade rows were established (Soligalich, Kostromska oblast; Dunilovo-Goritsi, Ivanivska obl. Ta in.). Some trade shops were built in fences near the church (Vodlozersky Monastir, Karelia; in Kargopol, Arkhangelsk region. Ta in.).

With such a rank, one hundred percent of the building, delivered in the project capital "and vyhodyachi from the proponated food to the end, it is possible to start a new visit.

I will look at the majestic views of the territory of Russia, the view of the natural, historical, ethnic, regional and cultural features, the important age of the development of historical and cultural lands (regions) within the administrative region. One of the young methods of discovering the historical and cultural lands (regions) and the cordons of the territories of Russia with the help of the development of the architectural and planning development of the rural settlements of the XXI capital cities Win primed on the analysis of young minds of development of territories and population of singing regions. In such a long time ago, it is important to analyze the population of the rural groups of the population of this city in the historical period, in the times of the hospitals, to become budіvlyakh. In an hour (especially lasting 20 centuries), such cultures can also change, overwhelmingly the development of migratory flows in young ethnic groups, taking into account mass information and in. However, the character of the historically formed Sylsk images of the presence, and the readability in the modern landscapes of the territories and the Silk settlements of the Bagatokh regions of the country. There is one of the indicators of the cultural identity of the region and its population.

Robots for the priming of models of rural settlements of the XXI century need to be broken up and proponated in the Concept of the development of the Silk territories of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020 »Type and type of rural territories. But at the same time, it is also necessary to move and proponate to the development of historical and cultural lands (regions) across the territory of Russia. The need to respect the boundaries between the historical and cultural lands (regions) is often not met with administrative cordons. The very fact is quite rich in administrative solutions in social, cultural and administrative spheres, lack of efficiency, but not in the basic structure of the population, their particularities, traditions and іn. And the proponated architectural solutions often do not reflect the nature of the story, forget it historically, neither the way of life of the population, nor their interests and peculiarities. At the trick of the cymbals, the vrahovuvati daniy pidhid will be heard in the development of models of the rural settlements of the XXI century. It is possible to wind up as part of the method given to the project; it is possible to use the victorious approach for a less than part of the way, for which I respect the animal, it is important to put it as an important methodological aspect of such a robot in the future.

With the development of projects in rural settlements of a landscape-garden type followed by a concrete form of historical folk architecture of life in that region. This type of robot has already been carried out in a number of areas earlier (Arkhangelska, Vologda, Pskov, Kostromska, etc.). Materials of the past (architects, ethnographers, geographers, historians) can be victorious in the development of specific settlements due to the needs of the population, the young social groups, cultures such as stinks and important landscape elements.

1.3. Historical reconsideration of architectural and planning traditions in the territory of Russian Pivnoch..

One of the greatest preludes to the architectural tradition of Russian Pivnochia Yu.S. The basis of this analysis was the fallowness of the architectural-spacious and planuval structure of the settlement from the peculiarities of the landscape, which is absolutely correct in terms of its history to historical settlements, but it is not expected to be acceptable in terms of the prevailing ones.

The development of Pivnochi began in the XI XII century. Novgorod people (the so-called Novgorod colonization) with the extension of territories for fossil and commercial industries, which gave Novgorodians commodity products, in exchange for yak it is possible to remove the bread for the first time and necessary comrades backcountries... The furnishings and the sound of the shukati shukati trade routes to the White Sea were heard. Three of the main nobles laid by the Novgorodians, the most victorious were two Kenorets and Bilozersky-Onezhsky (Fig. 1.3.1.). The offense of the stench was repaired from the Onezkoye Lake, the kudi of Novgorodians went from Ladoga along the river Sviri and led through the portage to the river Onega most of the great rivers of Pivnochi. Tsі shlakhi volіli lіnshim s look at those who lay in the borders of Novgorod lands. Behind him from the XI to the XVI century. The flood of the population from Novgorod to Tsvintar, which formed in the Pudozky region, Kargopol on the banks and tributaries of the Onega rivulet, in the lower reaches of the Pivnichna Dvina and on the Uzbek coast of the White Sea.

The refinement of the historical paths of the development of Pivnoch for the development of the architectural decline seems to be especially important, as the culture of Novgorod itself penetrated through them. The number of nobles marked the area of ​​the cob development of Pivnoch, which was not approved by the maintenance. Most of the settlements and nests were found in the districts where the trades passed.

Small. 1.3.1 Schematic map of the Russian Pivnochі with the main ways of the development and showing the more sophisticated settlements.

1 territory of Novgorodsky pyatins, according to K.A.Nevolin; 2 territories of Rostov and Moscow development in the XIII XIV century; 3 trails of Novgorod development Pivnochі; 4 ways of Rostov and Moscow development.

The first population of Pivnochs by Novgorodians (except for the aboriginal population) continues to receive data from the general sciences: anthropology, ethnography, dialectology and toponymy. The further process of settling by villagers from Rostov-Suzdal and the development of Moscow lands (the so-called Nizov colonization) was based on these architectural and planuval traditions. Rafting of traditional cultures of cultures in common with natural-geographic and climatic minds regional types and forms of settlement,we took away the residual development in the period from the XVI to the XIX century. This is of the greatest interest for us.

How many villages were there until the ear of our capital and what structure?

Three main types of settlements can be developed for social and economic signs on the territory of the Russian Party: Tsvintar, village and village.All the stench of the Russian campaign, and the ear shaped like the types on Pivnoch, need to be picked up from the Novgorodian settlements 15 ... One of the most early and wild views of the settlement, characteristic of Pivnochi, Buv zvintar. The term "tsvintar" is already conceived in the XII century. in the Scripture books of the Obonezhskaya pyatin and there are two meanings: the central settlement and the administrative district. Zvazhayuyu on the price in the literature, two intellectuals were taken by the way of terminology to introduce the viraz of "pogostyuvati-misce" into the first vypad and "pogostyuvati-volost" in another.

A small group of people living in the township-volost, Mabut, became a silsky community; ... Call for a visit-mіstі (i.e., in the central village of Tsvintarya) there will be a church, or a temple complex, only when a visitation-volost became a comer. Among the tsvintars in the meaning "mіstse" were seen worldly descent and z'yzdi, here came the merchants "trade guests" (stars "tsvintar"). For visiting volosts, there are all rakhunok of residents, lands and private lane and state-owned.

Territories of tsvintariv lie in the concentration of the population. So, for example, the Zaonezhsky part of the Obonezh pyatin continued in the 17th century. for 17 tsvintarіv. The greatest concentration of the population and, also, the least along the territory of the tsvintara was established along the shores of Lake Onez, near the districts, beyond which the main water routes passed. For example, the territory of the sparsely populated Vigozero tsvintar did not adjoin the Onezkoye lake, 26 times overwhelmed the territory of the densely populated Tolvuysky tsvintar, which was spread out on the Zaonezhsky peasants, near the water gates 17.

The term "village" on the sides of the Russian literature appeared in the X century. and having given the prince a Zamisky matek. As the village grows, the central settlement grows up to what the village is heavy. U XIX XX cent. Vono in great vipadkiv means an occasionally great village, in which є (or Bula) church. With such a rank, the village became an administrative, commercial and huge center of the group. І nareshty, village the main type of settlement of the Russian peasant-hliborobiv, with a number of -1 3, a rise in 10 15 households.

In addition to three types of settlement in the Russian Pivnoch, you can name one fix, a display, or about. Fix a one-yard settlement. During the hours of the Novgorod development of the Pivnochі tsei termin, we get used to the meaning of the new settlement ("initiative", "fix"). Often times, the first thing in the middle with a distant vibor, the mission became the first Lanka of the maybutnyi village or the village. Piznishe in the XVIII XIX century. small settlements were called in Pivnoch by repair, or by vistavkoy; On the day of the male process і bringing step by step to the formation at Pivnochі nests (groups) of settlements.Otzhe, the social and economic links of the three main types of settlement (Tsvintar, village, village) became the basis for the folding of the structural system of development, characteristic of the Russian Pivnoch.

for doslіdzhennya folk traditions in the architectural and spacious organization of the living center, the greatest interest is to represent the XVII XIX century. The period of the formation of multiyear settlements and groups with a system of ordering and visual sounds. Clearly, they infused geographic and physical thoughts on the territory of Russian Pivnochia on the nature of the development of settlements (typi settlement). First, having proponated the classifikuvati settlement of the Skhidno-European Rivnin, and the peculiarities of the cultivation on the spot, by the geographer P.P. Semyonov-Tyan-Shanskiy 18. The basis of its classification is based on the geographic factor and out of the way of exploring the intelligence of the nature of the settlement. Win rightly in the sense of revaluation in European Russia of water and waterways through the village (on the view of Western Europe, Children take the cob in the mountains), which called to the laying of dirt roads. During the development of the Russian Pivnochs, they were crushed by water-dragging paths (a drop on the chavnas, a charge on ice).

Piznishe thrust to the rise of the zruchnyh lands led to the waterways. Ale good soil on the waters є only in the middle smoothies, on Pivnochi crumbling earth, lie along the banks of rivers and lakes, between the worlds occupied by taiga and swamps ("Taibola"). Great occupation pivnichnogo population in the promiscuous state, it also snarled "to cuddle up" to the water nobles as one of the time. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy vidіlyaє three main types of settlement of the European Rivne:

1. central Nonchernozemі pіvnіchno-zadny zemlerobsky,obumovaniya stanovishchem most zruchnyh lands.

2. Pivnichny, promislovy relyand if in a weak step there is an agricultural and a kind of most developed hedgehog rafters.

3. Pivdenny, black earth,viklyuchno zemlerobskiy, scho it is heavy to the river valleys yak one above the dzherels of the water.

"In a word, the Russian lyudin in this vypad was likened to the fools, which is in the Extreme Pivnochi and in the extreme period of the Eastern European region to go to the brook valleys, and in the middle waters, in the middle waters." ... Vіrno vіnachayuchi pіvnіchny type of settlement in general, Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy does not analyze this and does not see in a new type. Qiu clearing bulo chastkovo zapovneniya in 1946, ethnographer I. І. Sorochinsky-Goryunovo 20 , Yaka accepted the classification of Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy, and on the territory of the Shidnoye Ladoga area, a kilka of pidtypes appeared. The greatest concentration of the population is indicated by it along the banks of rivers (river type up to 40%), beyond which it is possible to penetrate into the cliff of the mainland, as well as along the shores of great lakes and lake groups (lake type up to 35%), settling settlements on water flows with lakes and tied with pidvischennym (selgami).

I will look at the versatile natural situation in the lake districts of Sorochinsk-Goryunova, I saw three types: coastal-lakes settlements, settlements of lake pillows(Mis_v) i settlements of lake isshikiv.Rashta 25% of settlements in the Skhidny Ladoga region are distributed among three types of settlements:mudflow-lake,at a settlement, they will grow in groups along Selga in the middle of systems of other lakes and channels, we will settle, if the settlements are roasted on waters far away from critical waters, "on wells", andsettlements on the temples.Groups of settlements on the ridges of the root mountains of the Skhidny Ladoga region are introduced to the last type. Pererahovanі tipi settlement, vіdmіchenі Sorochinskomu-Goryunovoї on osnovі analіzu Shіdnogo Priladozhja, harakternі i for vsієї teritorії rosіyskoї Pіvnochі, ale time of remark on the great zvazhayuchi rozmaїttya natural geografіchnih minds tsієї velikoї teritorії, move away klasifіkatsіya vimagaє rozvitku i dopovnennya.

The investigations carried out by Yu.S. Ushakov showed that there are such great rivers on the territory of Russian celebrations as Onega, Pivnichna Dvina z Sukhona, Vichegda, wagami and Pinegu, Mezen type of pechora, village at the great village,if the village grows more importantly on one birch rychka, andsmall village at small riches,if the villages are located on both banks of the river. The emergence of such great lakes, as they lay on the way, were populated and may have come to the contours of the shores and groups of islands, such as Onezke, Vodlozero, Kenozero, Pochozero, Syam-lake, Sandal, Lizhmozero, and another two days to come. type of settlement:lakesі lake islands of the village.Nareshty, characteristic of natural features, as they have chosen a choice for settlements on the shores of the White Sea, let us talk about independencePrimorskiy type of settlement.I’ll look at those who settled in Pomor for a long time, not only on the very Uzbek coast, but in the girdles of the rychok that flow into the sea (the ability to penetrate into the continent, the appearance of sweet water, fish D. You can see the last two subtypes:seaside-coastal iprimorsky-nadrichkovy.

How did the settlements grow throughout the entire territory of the Russian Pivnochia? At the same time, the population of yak in the cob period of the development of Pivnoch, so in the offensive it was hard to the shores of rivulets, lakes and the White Sea, the greatest concentration of this (up to 90%) fell on brooks, lakes and litter. They took a lot of economic reasons: for example, the rivers and lakes "economical nerves of the region", behind the Vitova river, only one road (with a rise in the number of terrestrial ones), and also dzherela ribnyh industries.

Chim dal on Pivnich, as all the greater role of industries, reducing the fertility of the land and wasting the climatic mind for farming. There are a lot of resources for cultivating lands on Pivnochі roztashovan on the shores of the vuzkoy swamp. Often at 100-300 m from the rychka, there is a “suzem” of water, covered by swamps with an important passive forest, just as close to the rychok, natural drainage starts, it hurts. It is important to those who overlook the large river in the winter of Russia for the first time, and the soil in the valleys of the river is warmer, lower on the waters. In the floats, the bows were rostered and the bows served as the base of creation. It is impossible to forget, but the Russians came to Pivnich to complete the highly developed agricultural technology and tired traditions in the art of living, that is a good soil for the development and the appearance of close growing vibrations for Nareshti, the establishment of great settlements on the shores of the White Sea, de agriculture through the suvorogo klimata was unprofitable, having taken the promiscuous ribi and sea beast, but having forgotten everything necessary for the pomors. Long-term hiking and style of river and lacustrine types of settlement in the territory of Russian holidays are confirmed by letter dzherels. So, A.V. Uspenskaya and M.V. Old Russia, On a new visit and on a winter trip, there is a large number of villages (65%) along the banks of the rivals and lakes and especially in the basins of the great rivers 21 ... Vitova, which was later on after the dzherels of the village of Zaonezhya of the 16th and 17th centuries. 22 ... It is also possible to quilt in the most densely populated areas of the Russian Pivnochia with a great number of rivers and lakes. Perevazhannya here cikh types of settlement pidtverzhuyut and pictures of the General mezhuvannya, stored in the first quarter of the XVIII century.

Succinct large-scale pictures and large-scale efforts by Yu. S. Ushakov to inform about the redevelopment of coastal types of settlement in Danish hour. Selezhniy, or water-raising, type of settlement in the cob period of the development of Pivnoch, becoming a deprivation of 3 5% and only until the 19th century. sp_s up to 10 12% 23.

All told, it is possible to classify the types of settlement for the Russian Pivnoch in the offensive view (Table 1.3.1.). The classification may have been introduced into the basis of the analysis of pivnichnorussian settlements according to the compositional signs of the natural environment of the savage architectural and natural ensembles.

Table 1.3.1.

Classification according to the types of settlement of the Russian wine

Type and type of settlement	Zrazkove rozpodil settlements,%	Districts, for some Denmark the most characteristic type
richkovy: a) small villages with great rivers; b) small villages with small rivers. Ozerniy: a) coastal lake settlements; b) settlements of lake pillowcases; c) settlements of lake isthmuses; d) p_vostr_vn_ lake settlements; e) islands of the lake settlements. Mud-lakes. Selezhniy. Tribal settlements. Primorsky: a) seaside-coastal settlements; b) seaside-natural villages.		Baseyni richok Svir, Onega, Pivnichnoi Dvini, Pinegi, Mezeni and in. Skhidne Ladoga region, Pivdenna Karelia, Zaonezhye, Pudozky district, Kargopol. Skhidne Ladoga area, Pivdenna Karelia, river basin. Onega. Winter, Litniy, Onezhsky, Pomorsky, Karelsky, Kandalaksky and Tersky shores of the Bevern Sea.

Tsei term, the best way is precisely the sign of the high harmony in the relations of the pivnichnorussian settlements with nature, Yu. S. Ushakov proponuє to introduce at the vzhytok, do not marvel at those who understand the "ensemble" to convey the organic wickedness of nature and architectural beginnings.

1. Vibir mice in the natural environment. Grouped villages and planuvalny priyomi

The folk traditions in the area of ​​the settlement of settlements in the territory of the Russian Pivne vivcheni are far from being brought up, and the architectural and artistic aspects of the regularity of the formation of the groups of settlements have not been analyzed. Until recently, the food of the ugrupovannya settlements (aka the types of roses) were looked at in robots of ethnographers, who, in the middle of the most respect, had been asked by M.V. Vitov. Winning the classification of the main types of development. Characterizing the witness, M. V. Vitova means, “in exchange for the development of the settlement, the development of the suspension in specific geographic minds” 24. Introducing the understanding "the type of the village", M. V. Vitova was the first from ethnographers to pay respect to the importance of the development of the peculiarities of the ugrupovannya settlement. Vin write: "When the settlement was created, on our thought, it wasn’t going to be surrounded by settlements, but brothers of the complex, a group of settlements, which created organically and historically the unity, in special words, we saw the respect for the pictures." 25 . Words by M. V. Vitov, the transformation to the ethnographic aspects of the vivchennya of the types of the development, with the general right, can be brought to the architectural and spacious organization of the groups of settlements.

The three main types of growth, the visions of M.V. Vitove for the entire territory of the European ... This is a specific type of rosetting, with a village roztashovuyutsya not one by one, but in groups, was gathered here in the XVI XVII century. і until the XVIII XIX century. having trimmed off the residual development and completion. In the cob period, the population of such nests has little homeland and has evolved to a single state and community interests. Nadal, unaffected by the collapse of the sound, the gnarled character of the last hour became a panic type of development on Pivnoch. M.V. Vitov to try to navigate a run, but the nest type of development in the last expansion is much wider, now, and goes beyond Pivnoch, being one of the main types of development in all European countries. Friendly natural and economical minds in private, as well as the importance of the population was attributed to the fact that the nests of the settlements were angry in great villages, on Pivnoch and the nest type has been preserved to our days. Provision was made for better preservation of nesting groups in the regions of Russian Pivnochia, behind the blame of deiakie districts in Pivnichno-western Karelia, and for the expansion of the smaller type of development 27 .

Zberezhennya on teritorії rosіyskoї Pіvnochі gnіzdovy ugrupovannya Villages predstavlyaєtsya Especially vazhlivim for vivchennya national pіdhodu to arhіtekturno-prostorovoї organіzatsії seredovischa residence, yak gnіzdovy type naybіlsh tіsno pov'yazany of natural basis, we daє butt naytsіkavіshih arhіtekturno Natural ansamblіv, more natural ear obranogo Mystsya dictating and freedom of the formation (composition) of settlements' nests. The furnishings allow a detailed view of the two closely knit spheres of nature and architecture, which form the basis of the living middle. The most gnarly form of the grouping of settlements is the most powerful structure, order and internal organization (near a village, a village, in the center of a churchyard). The dates of Yu. S. Ushakov's performances are rather simple, but ethnographers have repeatedly caught a thought about the presence of any order in the nesting settlements.

All the nests of the settlements are united by a natural element: a swirling rivulet, a lake or a lake group, a pvostrov, an island or a group of islands. The characteristics of the repetitive features of the nests of the settlement, which appeared in the early natural-geographic minds of the great territory of the Russian Pivnoch, allowed Yu.S. small settlementsIf settlements are located on both banks of the river (Fig. 1.3.2-1); 2)nests of settlements with great wealth, If the settlements occupy one of the banks (Fig. 1.3.2- 2 і -3)nests of settlements at lakes or lakes groups(Fig. 1.3.2-4).

Small. 1.3.2 Attach the main types of nests of settlements

1 in case of small riches: the village of Verkhiv'ya (V. Mudyug), Onega district of the Arkhangelsk region; 2 at great rural areas: the village of Zaostrovye, Bereznyakivskiy district of the Arkhangelsk region; 3 at the lake: the village of Kolodozero, Pudozky district of the Republic of Karelia; 4 Primorsky-promislove: Maloshuyka village, Onezhsky district of the Arkhangelsk region.

І. V. Makovetskiy in the robot, attributing the architecture of the Russian folk life, not weathering the nest type of growth for Pivnoch, in addition to one type, characteristic of the coastal regions, which is a great and difficult before them sil 28 ... This type, efficiently, is the most characteristic for the coastal zone of the White Sea. Until now it is possible to introduce such great villages as Nyonoksa, Purnema, Varzogori, Maloshuyka, Kushereka, Shueryotskoe, Kovda, Varzuga. The population of cich sils, roztashovanih close to the handball rychok, occupied by the rychkovy and marine ribal industry, the species of the sea animal and salt production.

Weather z І. V. Makovetskiy, in the ease of the reasons for the diagnosis similar to the type of development, can be attributed to those who are skin-friendly with the named forces all are stored group of compactly roasted silos,and then talk, by the way, please, about the free type of nest type of growthprimorsky-promislovogo, saw yogo in quarter type(Fig. 1.3.2-4).

І, nareshty, it is necessary to purchase settlement forms of planes,formed in the natural and climatic minds of the Russian Pivnoch. The robots, assigned to the typological analysis of the wooden architecture of the Russian Pivnoch, eat only along the way, on a small number of butts. No detailed analysis was carried out from the results of a wide range of material measurements in the other regions of Pivnochia Poki. Vinatok to become the same zgaduvan robot A. V. Ikonnikov 29 Alevon was motivated by the materials of the settlement of the Volga-Oksky inter-riches and up to the prelude to the planuval traditions of the Russian Pivnochia, which can be indirectly rendered.

Until the XVI century. On the territory of the Russian Pivnochs, one-yard and low-yard settlements were covered, and the development of a settlement was lost since the 16th century. thirty ... Ale tsei process will be nervous. On the shores of the White Sea, multi-house settlements appeared in a large early period in the XIV XV century. In such a rank, the folding of the traditions of architectural and spacious organization of multi-city settlements was more early, it was not dominated to cikh pir.

Understanding the "form of settlement" includes the planning of the settlement and the arrangement of living quarters. When looking at the main forms of the settlement, which lay on the territory of the Russian Pivnoch, it is brought to spiral in the main on the development of settlements in nature, so as not the picture of the General Interconnection, but not more of the Writing Book does not give information about food. Because of the great value of the cinematography, all the natures of the premonitions of the Russian wooden architecture, like a short stench are not bulky (M.B. Edemsky, K. K. Romanov, N. II. Kharuzin, R. M. Gabe, M. V. Vitova, S. Ya. Zabello, V. N. Ivanov, P. N. Maksimov, I. V. Makovetskpy, V. P. Orfinsky, G. V. Alfiorova).

Robot M.B. Paradise 31 In the middle of the pre-revolutionary days of donkey, planuvanny settlements, a number of sideways have been introduced. In the most specific form, the settlement of the Vologda and Arkhangelsk provinces of M. B. Edemsky rightly embraces the coastal row, on the birch trees, with the face facades of the budinks, brutalized on the skid. "Umova" on the road and on the river ", respected the author, can easily be realized, for that, there is a lot of Pomor's little river flowing from the past day to the pivnich. When the village grew up, another row vibrated for the first person as well as before driving. " At mіstsyah, from far from the water, booths are directed to the road (high street form). M.B. Edemskiy is an indication of the improvement of the high school forces for the day, to the pool of the river Sukhoni. I don’t explain the reason for the situation, but it’s clear to us today: it’s tied to that, water supply between cars and dry rub between Novgorod and Nizov colonies.

The growth of material cultures was not only based on the forms of settlements, but on the types of gardens and budinks. K. K. Romanov 32 by far the number of forms of settlement and the most ancient vvazhaє row with booths, beastly before the sun. On the basis of the "incriminating before the dream" K. K. Romanov, the idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe beginning of the day, the beginning of the day and the beginning of the day. However, when a different order appears, in coastal settlements it is often overwhelmed by the high school principle. Sometimes in one and the same village, they are more likely to be offended by a form.

Ethnographer N.I. Kharuzin stood among the Finno-Ugric peoples, lived according to tradition with the Russians, expanding the desolate form of the settlement 33 (I call it also formless, "wrong", but the rest of the hour "vilnoy"). At the same time, he voiced R. M. Gabe, who patrolled the villages of Karelia. However, concurring with Kharuzin, Gabe wrote: “Selenium, in the plan of those it is impossible to find something in the order ofto a new stage of the development of budinks, I did not bring baciti ... " 34 ... According to the findings, there is also a growing number of published surveys of settlements, but the ability to work in public areas has already accelerated, since the regularities in the development of budgets in the plans of the villages are often deprived of them. Visnovki about the lack of systematic nature of the settlements in the most recent form, with the meaning of Gabe, will work indefinitely and before an hour. The justice of the whole respect has been repeatedly changed during the reconciliation of settlements inareas of Pivnochі Yu. S. Ushakov.

For the Russian forces of Karelia R. M. Gabe noted the great correctness of the plan for the re-cultivation of ordinary and high-street forms, and only in the abundance of the abundance of architecture, allowed for a wider systematization of the forms of the settlement in Karelia, through V.P. It also means re-veneration in the Finnish and Karelian regions of the poor (vily) plan, and in the Russian regions of Karelia regularly, rank-and-file, at all times less and less frequent in the planned and alley villages i in coastal villages 35 .

M.V. Vitova, scho inspecting in the ethnographic travel the middle of the river. Onega, Kenozero and Korbozero, by definition of the onset of settlements: over the course of the great rafting rivers, the coastal planuvannya, often single-row, is older, in remote water-water areas, desperate, de great is the role of transport by land transport, crossing the street to the plan 36 ... There are three basic forms of quilting and historical evolution of forms in the settlement of Russian Pivnoch. The coastal plan of villages is tied to the cob period of the development of Pivnoch, if they crossed the water routes. To the growth of the population and in connection with the intensive development of the water supply in the winery of the development of the water supply settlements. I, nareshty, when on Pivnochі land roads wicked into the form of planning.

At the same time, from M. V. Vitov's time, there is a great number of small forms of settlements, which are transitional forms (from the rank and file, organized for the day "on summer", and the coastal rank-and-file in the high school, in a fair way) it is important to vivify different forms when establishing a long time ago of the same type of planning 37 ... As a result of his robotics, M.V. Vitov, trying to look at the ethnographic literature of the classification of forms of settlement for all territories of the Schedule-European region, looking at five of the main ones:I will be happy, I will be in a row, I will be closed, I will be highі village piznyogo pokazhennya (post-reform).

For Russian Pivnochi tsya the classification of the vimage is more precise. I have already spoken about the quality of the value "bezladna", rightly replaced by the term I. V. Makovetskogo, who proponuted to name this form "vilo" 38 , І about viklyuchennya ostannoi, n'yatoi, groups, which can not be attributed to folk creativity. Until then, on the territory of the Russian Pivnochi villages,overwhelmed by the influx of state administration (after the reforms of the first half of the 18th century), it may not be spared. At the same time, the construction, carried out by Yu. S. Ushakov, revealed settlements in the form of a plan, scho maє, mabut, Novgorodske promenade, with streets-kintsy, scho to go out to the huge center. The qi system ahead of the bullet is assigned to I. І. Rudomyotova 39 ... G.V. Alfiorova, she patrolled the settlements of Kargopolov, also a number of settlements, but they saved the form, proponuvaya the name ї Konchanskiy 40. With this term you can wait and see Konchansk's uniforms in the independent group 41 .

There is a great number of settlements with different forms of planning, which have developed in the process of the evolution of the population for a variety of reasons, which are seen in the surroundings of the group zmіshanі form a settlement.

Along with the analysis of literary dzherels, as well as on the nature of the situation and measurement, you can see on the territory of the Russian Party two groups of settlement forms: near the waterі on water.Todi of the classification of the basic forms of the settlement for the Russian Party can be presented in the offensive view.Form a settlement by the water:

1) vilna;

2) coastal zone;

3) zvychayna "on lito" (from the beginning on the day and on the first day);

4) Konchansk;

5) high school;

6) change.

Form a settlement on the waters:

1) vilna;

2) zvychana "on lito";

3) high school;

4) change.

More detailed visualization of the form along the way in the course of the analysis of the architectural and spacious organization of the settlements and their nests.

An analysis of the ethnographic and architectural conditions of the winter villages of the 19th century and the 20th century, and also conducted by Yu.S. The recognition of the development of the planovalnyh in such great living arrangements, as the nest of settlements, not only in the process of establishing in the plan of the historical, but additional help in the middle of the organisms of the folk traditions in the archives

1. Architectural space and compositional organization

Inspection and review conducted by Yu. S. Ushakov on the territory of the Russian community, and on the basis of the reconstruction of the settlement and the nests, which were developed here until the 18th-19th century. populated by the settlements on the ground and versatile and individual, like nature itself.

And all the same, unimportant to the endless versatility of the composition of the prizes, with a certain part of intelligence, inevitable when systematizing the creation of the master, Yu. S. Ushakov will propose to carry out the classification of the architectural and spacious organization of the rural Russian settlements and nests of the most popular green sprouting and according to natural and geographical signs.

The basis of the classification a good time for a healthy child,For example, as it was shown by the past, great respect has come in the people's architecture, the steps of the settlement have been laid, or the nests of the settlements to the main roads (water and land). The connection of the cym will be lostchotiri basic types of compositions (or accept spacious organization). Up to the first type centric compositionsweekends of villages and nests of settlements, which are the center, which are organizing the center of the village, and how to takes bagatokh straight.Fallow from the latitude of the settlement with a centric composition can be divided into two types. Prior to the first type of visualization of centric compositions let's go round and round, to another centric compositions with transferable let's round sprynattyam (Table A.1.) 42 ... To another type of settlement, where it is necessary to two sides. The stench got the name line with over-the-counter double-sided sprinkles. Up to the third type frontal compositionssettlements, the composition of which is rooted on the frontal side. І nareshty,up to the fourth type— bagatocentric compositionsweekly settlements, how to get good quality compositions, how to get away together. There are two views here: guys compositions fromlet's rememberі multi-accent compositions from reciprocal sprites, to one center.

Into his own house by natural and geographical signsarchitectural and natural complexes are available for groups and groups. In the basis of the classification of the main (dominant) types of settlement of the Russian Pivnochia:

1. Natural settlements:a) with small riches; b) with great money.

2. Lakeside villages:a) Lakeside-coastal; b) p_vstr_vnі vіdkritі; c) closed; d) acute indications.

3. Primorski villages:a) seaside-coastal; b) Primorsky-natural.

In the case of the skin group, based on the analysis of three-chotiry settlements, there will be a model of healthy sprinting.

Easily put the settlements in the skin type and look of the compositions, starting from the centric ones. The settlements, or nests, are organized in the natural situation so that it is practical to smell the smell.all straight lines, carried out before centric compositions with circular sprinkles.A whole lot of broadenings in the natural-geographic minds of the Russian Pivnochi are often laid as the basis for the organization of natural, lakeside and coastal settlements. Most of the villages of the Russian Pivnochia (close to 40%) were built on the banks of the riverside, behind which there were trades. The defensiveness revealed the singular features of the compositions of the village, which lay on the banks of the great chi malikh rivers.

Yak butt nadrichkovy settlement at small riches the village of Verkhiv'ya (Verkhny Mudyug) in the Onezky district of the Arkhangelsk region is understandable. The settlements of the Kolishny Verkhnemudyugsky parish were formed in the steep middle current of the Mudyug rivulet, the right tributary of the Onega rivulet, which was developed, Mabut, in the period when the Onezky basin was populated. At the same time, when the ship-floating rivulet Mudyug, the village of Verkhiv'ya appeared, came to see the water paths and was almost missed. At the same time they cry and the reason why the Upper was kindly saved for the view of the group of settlements Nizhniy Mudyug (Grikhnovo) at the angry rychka from Onega 43 .

Characteristic is the peculiarity of the settlements, when there are small rivers of distribution of forces, to form one group, on both banks. The village of Verkhiv'ya is stored in three silos. Two of them are the most ancient: Ryakhkovskaya on the left birch tree, which can be worn along the path of a great plan (here the most old budinkas and komori are registered), and Mitinsky's from the coastal row in the form of a plan on the right birch.

As far as the road to Nizhniy Mudyug goes, the village of Shutova stretches along the street plan. Until the end of the 19th century. the village nalichuvalo 128 households with populations 778 cholovik 44 (Fig. 1.3.3).

Nayvazhliv_shy component of any settlement and community center. The great settlements have a role of viconuvav in the temple complex. From the choice of the mice for the first distribution, in what lies the backward composition of the settlement, and the first solution from the main direct lines. Here, in Verkhiv'ya, there is a temple complex of boulevards of space on the pivostrov, set up by a twisting rivulet, so all three elements (the tents of the Entry of the Roman Church in 1754, the five-domed Tikhvinskaya church of the 18th century, I dvynytsya 1787) 45 It is well seen from the sides: from the upper and lower reaches of the rivals and from two roads to the village (from the entrance and from the beginning). A good reception with a friend and in a place in exchange for the arrangement of the ensemble 46 .

The small width of the rychka and the enclosed nature of the open space were born here and at the proportionally small heights of the temple ensemble (up to 28 m). In such a rank, the natural minds of the valleys and small rivers have set the general scale of the centric architectural-spacious composition of the village.

Small. 1.3.3 The village of Verkhiv'ya (V. Mudyug), Onega district of the Arkhangelsk region. Plan and panorama along A and B.

For the sake of intelligence, as the same type of composition of the settlement is used in the most natural situation, only one butt is visible. Settlement b. The Ust-Kozhsky tsvintary was located close to the confluence of the river Shkiri in Onega (the village of Ust-Shkira, Onezhsky district of the Arkhangelsk region). The misce for the central village of Tsvintarya Makaryino bulo vibrano on the misi, bordered on one side by a rychkoy Shkiroyu, and on the other side by Kuzhruchye (Fig. 1.3.4). The offense of water roads to the west led to the lakes (Kozhozero and Kuzhozero), and near the village a kilometer away from Onega, they were angry at once.

Small. 1.3.4 The village of Ust-Shkira (Makaryino), Onega district of the Arkhangelsk region. Plan i overridden.

On the left high birch (10 m) birches of the Shkiri razmischeny, the center of the tsvintar is the five-domed church of Clement (1695), the tent of the Khrestovozdvizhenskaya church Bonaparte (1769) and the dzvinitsa (XVIII century). There are two orders of magnitude in the village of Makaryno Zverneni for the first day and for tsvintar, and it’s hard to reach Kuzhruchu. On the right birch tree of Shkiri against the tsvintar stood the village of Glotovo (Semenivska), the booths that marvel at the windows on both sides for the winter and early days. In such a rank, Huge Center Yaky leaning against two settlements, it can be seen from the skin booth and serving as an organizer from the entrance from the waterways along Shkiri and Kuzhruch. Earlier, if the edge of the misu bullet was glazed, the village could be seen from the rivers of Onega, completing the circle itself.

There is a skin village or a lot of settlements, which is reduced to one type of composition, so it can’t be seen individually and cannot be confused with the landscape. The natural middle ground here is a tuning fork, which sets the mood of all compositions, the world of space and the scale of the main architectural elements. The first time I am amazed at the accuracy of the solution, the proportional elements and the vivacity of the composition. Robil all the time without armchairs, primed with a deprivation of the idea, rozvinenaya bagatovyk spilkuvannya with nature, intuytsiya, as if spontaneously appeared spirited creatures of the art.

Small. 1.3.5 The village of Zaostrovye, Bereznyakivskyi district of the Arkhangelsk region. Reconstruction. Plan and panoramas A-B.

Until centric compositions with circular springs during the day, they are not similar one to one village and nests, like the village of Ratonavolok in the village of Yomtse (Yemetskiy district of the Arkhangelsk region), Kuliga Drakovanaya in the valley of the riverside Shoksha in about in the twirling of the rivers of Ustya (Zhovtneviy district) and in.

Villages abo nests of settlements at great pricesRussian Pivnochi, growing over the same coastline, call on the one that is more important in terms of relief and organization. One of such settlements is the village of Zaostrovye on the left birch tree of Pivnichnoy Dviny (Bereznyakivs'kiy district of the Arkhangelsk region). Zaostrovye is conceived in "Knizi to the Great Drawing" as tsvintar Zaostrovskiy on the left birch of Dvini at the hand of the river Nisi. Vono be lost in the Dvinsky letters of 1471. There is one of the great estates on Dvinsky, for the volodinnya which went to the fight between the Novgorod and Rostov princes. the village of Zaostrovye 47 So, to lay on the choter, they were angry now, the roztashov not on the birch of the Pivnichnoy Dviny, as they were, but on the old lady, in the yak and the river Nisa (Fig. 1.3.5).

Over the past century, Dvina "went" to the village of Mayzhe for a kilometer, overlapping large flooded bows. But the situation was positively influenced by the safeguarding of the settlement. An hour changed the planuval structure of the village: the coastal-zychany form was lost only in one rural village of the village of Malakhina, but a large ("two-core") everyday life was changed here by small one-topped ones.

In the other villages, at the entrance of the channel of the Pivnichnoy Dviny, a vulychnaya form of planning was laid out. The natural order of everyday life in the village of Yakovlevskoy is approximately in the middle of the development, and here, by the bank of the rychka (and now the old woman), there is a varto temple ensemble: two tents of the Church of the Mother of God (1726) on the site of the Second Archeological Age of the XVII century, I picked up 1776) and dzvinitsya (1785). Three verticals, contrasting to the horizontals of the coast and the order of living rooms, boules can be seen nearby from the upper and lower reaches of the rivulet as the unique design signs of the village. The buildings of the smooth vigina in the streets and in the order of the budinks, the onset of the birch trees, the ensemble is clearly visible from the villages of Podvolochye and Malakhina from the road to the village of Siltse, as well as from both ends of the village of Yakovlevskaya. On the Bogoroditskaya Church of the Organization and the Third Promenade in the street of the village of Gogara.

In general, the composition of the settlements, which lay on the banks of the great rivers, sposter natural middle ground... The centric composition can be found in the order of Zaostrovye kushch village pіd by name Siltse and the village of Rakul and on the same birch trees of Sivshi. Dvini (Emetskiy district), Sura village on Pinezi (Pinezhskiy district). Svoєrіdne viklyuchennya vzglyanut us the village of Turchasovo, de in the connection of the wry channel of the river Onega, many settlements were occupied by the offense of the coast.

Tsikaviy Variant of centric composition, the village of K n e c d v o r e on the island of Kintsevoy in the delta of Pivnichno Dviny 48 ... The natural mind the low estimates of the open in the middle of the unforested island wikimed to life a clear and compact centric planuval. The booths were bought up on a small expanse of the main part of the island near the area of ​​the tent-roofed Mikilskaya church (transported from Arkhangelsk in 1769) and dzinitsa (XVIII XIX century). At the first glance, it’s building, where the booths stand here in a tense, chaotic bezel, ale varto respectfully amazed and, having made a settlement, put this planuval scheme on the papier, as if the system was clearly readable (Fig. 1.3.6).

Pic.1.3.6 The village of Konetsdvorie in the girli rivers of Pivnichnoy Dviny, Primorskiy district of the Arkhangelsk region. Plan.

Also, the analysis of folk traditions in the Silk architecture, which brought them to the brightest ensemble solutions, cannot be ignored. more precisely, with the patterns and laws of the current experimental psychology and the theory of sleep.Qia furnishings more than one overconfirming the value of the people's admonition, insanely, in good faith, respect from the side happy theory and practice of architecture. It is necessary to bear in mind that in the national architecture, in the view of the professional, in the period of development, the harmony between the functional and natural sides is being developed.

All assumptions and principles, warehouses, according to the essence of the right, the basis of folk traditions, give us the right to stagnate to the skin pivnichnorosiyskoy settlement understand the "ensemble", understand, in which the vision of the reach of the architectural thought is involved. They didn’t care about those settlements that came to the fore without zeal for the folded plan, the grandiose awakening admiration, but the smarter, rather unaware of nature, they allowed the folk architects to succeed in making sure that they didn’t know exactly what architects were thinking about Leave it in the sides to wash the natural.

1.4. Development of a social and cultural typology of rural settlements, including historical and contemporary aspects of their development

In this section, within the framework of those "Conducting scientific education and distribution of models of the Silsky settlement XXI capital "proponations of the analysis of historical and happy social and cultural typology of rural settlements with urahuvannya of historical and cultural lands, which are important in connection with the tests of their restoration (renewal), reconstruction or new life. This kind of thinking is old-fashioned, about the last ten years near the archipelago lands, about the discussion about the preservation and development of regional, cultural identity, about the way of the nobles preserving the way of life of cultures, about the fancy of alternatives. NS. 49 І process of urbanization wiklikє in its own ranks the active ruins of the population and the fahivts in the ranks of the regions for the preservation of historical places, "the spirit of the world", including the Sylsk settlements 50 .

In the last ten years, as well as the current year, projects for the preservation and development of historical forces are being developed 51 , You will be able to enjoy the most planned features in the rural lands and regions of the rural lands 52 53 , Museums are created in the Silskoe center, de people live and take care of silskoedevozdarskoe activity 54 For museums of the transported type, like only in Europe there are two thousand 55 ... Analysis and advice of such robots will be credited to the reception and reception in our country 56 .

At the link with the development of socio-cultural typology, organized for the preservation of historical settlements, which may be significant for the development of the country and regions, it is hard to respect the subject of analysis.

Suchasnі redevelopment of land і economical wines in the Silk society of our land, tied with overgrowth of power, become stitched for the development of a number of historical settlements, some good luck in the wicked rural rice Navpaki, the obvious spontaneous process of the development of lands for a different kind of enterprise, not tied to the direct activity in the Silskoy government and to specific territories and populations. The price of dachas, "another life" for the townspeople, industrial enterprises in the perfect proximity to the populations of the city. And the chances are that they do not hang around in the food supply of the social and engineering infrastructure, then they stink like a hauler in the development of villages and villages, including in historical 57 .

The situation does not allow such a quick change, it is a pity that there is overwhelming control over the territory, in Bagatyokh there is a spontaneous development of the settlement. Mistseva vlada for the purpose of supplying a private supply to the budget, as a result of the power of profit, for the authority of the court to decide the priority of the distribution of lands in the boundaries of municipal territories. In the main historical villages (and not only), general plans and development programs are not obscured (as it is possible to mention in other countries, for example, in Nimechchin or Austria) 58 ... Often villages and villages are included in the middle of the expansion of the development of a small town (for example, Zvenigorod, Moscow region). 59 With a whole lot of people living in Silska, they are busy at once with a number of pluses, like minus.

"Preservation and Victory of Cultural Decline" - tse razdil "Schemes of territorial planning", as in the regions, as well as districts. However, the formation of different types of historical settlements and their development within the framework of these projects It is not especially possible to transfer, some of the most interesting analysis and the development of projects are practically based on the evidence of the archeological monuments in them. It is not possible to get away with different types of historical forces, as in its greatness it is simply not revealed, it is not of great importance: history, spaciousness characteristics, landscape, way of life of the population and in. To that in a distant district, like a region, for an hour to discuss the program of development of the territory, such settlements do not need to be significant, they do not propose specific programs and projects for them, or alternative to the nature of the in situ », Miscellaneous trade (fairs) and revival of folk saints, tourist villages and inn.). Obviously, we will become such a pidhid within the framework of significant projects, but it is not necessary for the development of historical and cultural lands and a settlement.

Architectural space problems the formulation of the village's settlements is especially evident in the primitive localities of the land. The price turns either in faceless living rooms or even more pompous living rooms, beyond the size, as the life and style of living in the landscape. Obviously, the protesters of the city dwellers put their own needs at the power, in the living, the development of the family, they want to be spared everywhere, without even pretending about the wake-up call in the faraway.

It is not possible to call only the inhabitants of the city, or the townspeople in the unsatisfactory embellishment and life of the city. Criticism, mabut, blame it kerіvniki regions, districts, settlement(It’s a pity, not to blame, insight into the sphere of architecture) architects, to promote yak types of projects, as re-innovate Russian villages into settlements of the same type, or in stupid castles settlements.

Method of restoration, reconstruction and new building this year's merit for respect, some of the ideas of the idea of ​​preserving the traditional regional (national) rice of significant forces and іth rationing for the urahuvannya of the folk style, materials and means of living. With such a move towards the restoration and reconstruction of the rural types of decline, including cultural landscapes and villages, it’s obvious that it’s not realizable, but it’s still a bit overwhelming. And for the quiet of them, which vypadkovo in the new appeared (div. Dodatok B), the situation also becomes unimportant through the visibility of the real practice of their reconstruction (with the manifestation of methodical approaches to cultural and social design) 60 , Zasobiv, Information, etc. Everything should be done to ignore such historical objects, as in the rіvnya rіvnya management, architectural design, and also by the inhabitants of the city, occupied with the problems of power and / or not knowing about the cost of power "little.

Reconstruction (renovation) of the village and renovation of village budinks є Part of the differentiated policy of the Bagatyokh Territories of Europe, which enlists the inhabitants in the process of assimilating not only the vlasny life, but the whole settlement. For example, in Austria, twenty years ago, there were 2304 Silsky districts and more than 17000 silos. Only close to 100 of them are mali official or large programs for development. In Upper Austria, 6500 silos, 2400 farms required repair and reconstruction. It is obvious for the fakhivtsiv that such a large number of settlements are so large and that it required both in a special analysis, as well as in the development of priorities and in the development of experts, so on The food prices were constantly negotiated, and they still have to be based on the new lands of the state. 61 .

Preserving and promoting the development of the cultural landscape , Yak miscya of life of people, it is important in Bagatyokh European countries. Gradually discussing food is not only about the restoration and reconstruction, but about the future of life, the formation of a midst of life for work, and especially as a point of accomplishment, which may be significant. European convention about landscapes (Florence, 20 October 2000), signed by the European countries, but not ratified by our country, but talking about putting the power to the given subject to the eye. 62 If I want such landscapes to represent and economical value, give the opportunity to develop tourism, budding budgets, hotels, clubs, restaurants and other.

Selyanska sadiba, їkh group , Zhitlovi booths, cult, Yak and settlement as a whole, is also the storage of elements of cultural landscapes, cultural identity of the population of any state. It's not just a life, ale and a cultural center for robots, which includes ecological and social and cultural functions. Whether it’s a solution in the area of ​​business or reconstruction, it’s directly or bit by bit injected, including for economical functions. This is necessary for the current year to think over: if during the reconstruction of the garden, it should be done in the main directly from the industrial and commercial areas. Politics on the regional abo micevnya. The meta of preserving local identity is not just a wake-up call, including the trees, the whole settlement, but, also, the way of the region and the country as a whole. "The culture of the tree" has a special meaning in the whole world. 63

Cultural and rural tourism, the capital of the region, the building of the earth capital, the reconstruction of the equipment, the trade, the development, which can be easily developed in Russia through the poorly developed infrastructure, etc. 64 I would like in the rest of the rock to be spontaneous in the suvannya in the whole sphere. Ale is important for the development of Sylsk tourism,chi є the state's setting on the approach of real sub'єkts of the social and cultural environment, on the basis of which they plan to carry out a tourist product. 65 Oskilki silskiy or agro-tourism is an old element of state social policy, it is easy to compare with such spheres as self-regulation, development of self-regulating huge organizations of middle business, system of education of small business. With the obligatory vrahuvanny of social and cultural officials

• • The subject of historical geography
    • The subject of historical geography - Storinka 2
  • History of the Winning and Development of Historical Geography
  • Geographical center and development of the suspension in the feudal era
    • Geographical center and development of the suspension in the feudal era - side 2
  • Physical-geographic region
    • Physical-geographic region
    • Physical-geographic region
    • Physical-geographic region
  • Vidmіnnі figures of physical geography of the middle
    • Vidmіnnі rice of physical geography middle - side 2
    • Vidmіnnі rice of physical geography middle - side 3
• Geography of population and political geography
  • Ethnic map of middle Europe
    • Ethnic map of middle Europe - side 2
  • political card Europe during the early middle period
    • Political map of Europe in the period of the early middle - storinka 2
    • Political card of Europe in the period of the early middle - storinka 3
  • Political geography of Western Europe in the period of feudalism
    • Political geography of Western Europe during the period of feudalism - Storinka 2
    • Political geography of Western Europe during the period of feudalism - Storinka 3
  • Social geography
    • Social Geography - Storinka 2
  • The number of the population, the warehouse for the parliament and the distribution
    • Population, warehouse and distribution - side 2
    • Population, warehouse and distribution - side 3
  • Tipi silskih settlement
  • Middle places of Western Europe
    • Middle places of Western Europe - side 2
    • Middle places of Western Europe - side 3
  • Church Geography of Middle Europe
  • Deyakiy rice geography middle culture
• Economic geography
  • Development of the Silskoy state dignity in the early and development of the middle
  • Systems of farming and farming
    • Systems of farming and farming - side 2
  • Peculiarities of the agrarian harmony of the rural regions of Western Europe
    • Peculiarities of the agrarian harmony of the rural regions of Western Europe - side 2
• Geography of craft and trade
  • Features of the distribution of the mid-range production line
  • outside virobnitstvo
  • Girnich on the right, metalworking of the shipbuduvannya
  • Geography of handicrafts in the region of Zakhidnoi Europe
    • Geography of handicrafts in the region of Western Europe - side 2
  • middle market
  • Seredzemomorskiy district of trade
    • Seredzemomorskiy area of ​​trade - storinka 2
  • Pivnichny district of the European trade
  • Areas of coin systems
  • Transport and ways of obtaining
    • Transport and ways of obtaining - side 2
• Geographical detection and detection of early and early middle age
  • Geographical detection of the early middle period
    • Geographical detection of the early middle period - side 2
  • Geographical detection and indication of the era of the rooted middle
  • Cartography of the early and early middle years
• Historical geography of Western Europe in the middle of the Middle (XVI - Persha half of the XVII century)
  • political card
    • Political card - side 2
  • Social geography
  • Demography of the Middle Middle
    • Demography of the Middle Middle - Side 2
    • Demography of the Middle Middle - Side 3
  • Church geography
  • Geography of the Silskoy State
    • Geography of the Silskoy Gospodarstvo - Storinka 2
  • Geography of industry
    • Geography of industry - side 2
    • Geography of industry - side 3
  • Trade in feudalism
    • Trade for feudalism - side 2
    • Trade for feudalism - side 3
  • Transport and ways of obtaining
  • Increase in price and development of the XVI-XVII centuries.
    • Increase in price and development of the XVI-XVII centuries. - side 2
    • Increase in price and development of the XVI-XVII centuries. - side 3

Tipi silskih settlement

There are dozens of options for the classification of rural settlements in the middle Western Europe. There are two main types of settlements that can be seen in the middle of the development - both large compact (villages, settlements, semi-agricultural land) and other rozkidans (farms, hangings, okrema roztashani booths-farms). A compact settlement, a village according to its own plan strongly changes from one to one; so, for example, the development of "nuclear", purchase, line and type of sil.

In the first type, the "core" of the settlement є is an area with a roasted church, a market and etc., from which one goes into the radial right of the street and the provinces. At high schools, the basis of the plan is most often the street, with small kutas crossed one by one. The booths in such villages are roztashovani on the sides of the streets and the façades one to one.

Near a line village, the booth is rooted on the same line - the path of the road, rivers, or be it folds of the road - and often only on one side of the road; Some of these streets in the village could have been a kilka: for example, in the girly small objects of the courtyard, two rows were untidily folded, one of which was parallel to one another, and another to another. Near a cumulus village, the booth is smoothly thrown and clinked between itself by wires and trips.

Not less flexible options for other settlements. Call as farmsteads for settlements in 10-15 households (in Scandinavia - up to 4-6 households). However, the courtyard can either concentrate near the center (square, street), or lie far away from one point of one, being tied up by a wandering pastoral, oranko, managers and so on. Also great, in a few over the farms of the rural communities, the immaculate small huts of the city residents.

Bagatolica picture of the settlement of the middle era has been preserved to our days: there are a large number of settlements in the continent, as they vvazhayut, it was until the 15th century. At the same time, it is possible to remember the singular laws. For example, the system of open fields was most often reduced to compact settlements. The Seredzemnomorsk system of the state government allowed the emergence of different types of settlements, albeit repaired from the 15th century. in the days of the greatest development of agricultural production (Middle Italy, Lombardy), the dominant ones were the farmhouses. Geographical factors were poured into the expansion of that particular type of settlement: in the rural areas, as a rule, they crossed the great villages, in the Hirska - other farms.

Nareshty, the greatest role in the bagatokh in the fall of the historical features of the development of the skin muscle and, in the first place, the nature of the settlement. For example, I will explain the re-settlement of the great settlements in Skhidniy Nimechchin and in the central regions of Pireneyskiy Pyostrov. The development of kolishny forest, bolite, low-lying coastal territories led to the expansion of other forms of settlements - farms, gallows, traps with surrounding villages. The character of the settlement was infused with the order, the power of the large population of the community (Celts, Slov'yan, etc.).

However, all the regularities were far from expected; for example, at Friuli, the relief represents the whole range of landscapes from the Alpine mountains to the Laguna lowlands, the type of settlement is very vigorous: in the mountains there are compact multiyear villages, on the plains there are isolated houses. Slid vrahuvati also, the character of the dominant type of settlement on the outskirts of the middle, sometimes changes. So, in England, in the Celtic era, other settlements were respected, even the Persha of the Anglo-Saxon bulk led to the growth of the great forces of the great forces, as the conquerors respected for the beauty of settling in great tribal groups.

In general, in the early mid-nineties, compact villas in the Central, Pivdenniy and Shidniy Anglia bully are overwhelming. Farther away, the settlements of the population went downhill through the great settlements of other gallows; The number of years grew even more during the period of internal colonization. As a result, the Bagatyokh Sylsk regions of the land were already up to the 15th century. The most common type of settlement has become a common type of settlement. As a result of the fenced-off of a large amount of silt boules, they have abandoned and a number of other farms and some other farms that are even more mature.

In Nimechchina, the settlement of Bula Elba is a cordon of different types. At the end of this period, the purchasers of the village dominated, other settlements of bezladnoy forma, farmsteads and surroundings of Budovi, and sometimes it might be a kind of out-of-the-way center, or, navpaki, roztasovani navkolnogo massivu. Dribni villages and khutori buli also expanded in the neighboring lands (Lausitz, Brandenburg, Sileziya, cheski territories); here it is not easy to explain the form of the previous Slovenian settlements.

In the main, Skhidna Nimechchina is an area of ​​panuvannya of the great forces of the high street abo lineal type, as well as other settlements, which grow on the places of forest clearing, or in the mountains of the place, or have the same ordering character.

At a party and a party in France, there is a great type of boule in great villages; here the border between another place and such a village is small. In the same districts of the country (Central Massive, Maine, Poitou, Brittany, a part of Ile-de-France) there are other settlements and farms. In Akvitania, Tuluzsky district, Languedoc, in the course of feudalism, the picture became very popular: the most popular type of settlement - Bastid, the center of the city, was prompted by the singing plan; Inhabitants of kolishnyh settlements began to run in them.

The painting of the Spanish settlements is also changing in the world during the Reconstruction. For a long time ago, the winter and winter retreat of Pyostrov was a territory occupied by other farms and by one and the same people, protesting to the ear of reconstruction in the lands near the Arabs and the Old Towns of Leon and the process of consolidating the process of consolidating On the twin lands of the New Castile, the village has become a pan-type settlement, and even larger beyond the size of the village, or - in the new regions, there are other farmsteads, which are grouped around the fortified castle. Such great villages dominated in Portugal for the first time from Tahoe; However, at the beginning of the day, the most extended type of settlement has become a farm.

The painting of the Italian settlements is not less versatile. A large part of Pivostrov's day was occupied by large villages, with small towns and other villages and farms; only in Apulia and Kalabriya there is a panuvali of other farmsteads. Great villages and a semi-agricultural locality also dominated the celebrations of the Central Italy. In the private part of Latsio, Marche, Tuscany, Emilia, a significant part of Lombardy, Veneto and P'emonti, the most extended type of settlement is buli, other villages, farms and near farms - take away.

The appearance of a panuyuchi type of settlement in the skin of the regions of the continent has been forgotten in a new type of settlement. As a rule, there are more skinny boules and large village points, and other villages, and sometimes around the booths - farms. There is no more about the change of the type of settlement, which is the reason for exposing the given territory.

For the skin natural zone, there is a characteristic of its own type of rural settlements and their distribution by territory. In addition, life is developed in different natural minds. The entrustment is to form a highly urbanized village in places.

Small. 2. A hut in the zone of mishmash lisiv ()

The most beautiful minds for the conduct of the Silskoy statehood may be the natural zones and steppes, lis-steppe, broad-leaved leaves and subtropics. Itself in the boundaries of natural zones live a large part of the inhabitants of Russia.

Russia has 150 thousand rubles. Silsky settlement. In an hour, a number of rural settlements and villagers in Russia are changing. The price is tied to the development of industry, extra-budgetary economy, daily life in the Silk society of schools, licenses, socially important institutions, the most often filthy and important minds of life.

The main types of villages in Russia:

1. Village (fig. 3)
2. Stanitsa
3. settlement
4. hutir
5. Kočovi settlement and ін.

Small. 3. A village in the Kaluzkiy region ()

Types of rural settlements by population:

1. Mali (up to 100 chol.)
2. Middle (from 100 to 1000 chol.)
3. Great (over 1000 people)

Inhabitants of the rural settlements are employed in the Silskoy state, the lissy state, the industry. Silski populations are vicarious for the recruitment of both the Silk residents and the tired townspeople (Fig. 4).

Small. 4. Departures in villages ()

Buranovo

Buranovo is a village in Udmurtia. From the same village, the team "Buranovski Babusi" took a scratch for 2 months at "Eurobachenny" in 2012 (Fig. 5).

Small. 5. "Buranovskie grandmothers" on "Evrobachenni" ()

John Copiski

John Copy is a successful entrepreneur who came to Russia and became a farmer.

moose farm

Elk farm - a farm for breeding moose at home

Likovi

Likovi is a family, as she lived without the common and fortunate blessings in Taizi.

List of Literature

The main

1. Geography of Russia: Textbook. for 8-9 cl. zagalnoosvit. installation / Ed. A.I. Aleksєєva: At 2 books. Book. 1: Nature and people. 8 cl. - 4th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2009 .-- 320 p.
2. Geography of Russia. Nature. 8 class: navch. for zalnoosvit. install / І.І. Barinov. - M .: Bustard; Moscow pidruchniki, 2011 .-- 303 p.
3. Geography. Cl. 8: atlas. - 4th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, DIK, 2013 .-- 48 p.
4. Geography. Russia. Nature and people. 8 cl.: Atlas - 7th view., Pereview. - M .: Bustard; Vidavnitstvo DIK 2010 - 56 p.

Encyclopedias, vocabularies, presenters and statistical books

1. Geography. A modern encyclopedia / A.P. Gorkin - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2006 .-- 624 p.

Literature for training before DPA and ZNO

1. Thematic control. Geography. The nature of Russia. 8th class: the head master. - Moscow: Intellect-Center, 2010 .-- 144 p.
2. Tests from geography of Russia: 8-9 classes: before handlers ed. V.P. Dronov “Geography of Russia. 8-9 class: navch. for zalnoosvit. installation "/ V.І. Єvdokimov. - M .: Vidavnistvo "Sleep", 2009. - 109 p.
3. Gotuєmosya to DPA. Geography. 8 class. Підсумкове testing in the formatі іspitu. / Auto-order T.V. Abramov. - Yaroslavl: TOV "Akademiya rozvitku", 2011. - 64 p.
4. Test-in-law. Geography. 6-10 grades: Basic methodical book / A.A. Letyagin. - M .: TOV "Agency" KRPA "Olimp": "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - 284 p.

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Vimiryuvan ().
2. Russian Geographical Partnership ().
3. Geografia.ru ().
4. Federal State Statistics Service ().

Home zavdannya

Clause 57.

1. Name the main types of villages.

The population of the settlement (that is, the value of їх for a number of inhabitants) is tied to the viral functions of the settlement, from the form of the settlement, from the history of the given settlement. When a settlement is classified according to its population, in a statistical context, all stenchs are increased by a greater or lesser number of groups, from the found (in 1-5 inhabitants) to the largest (10 thousand inhabitants), and more In the typological lifestyle, it is important to see the size of the population, with some links and the hundred and the most distinctive features of the settlements.

So, a special type - one-yard, single living quarters - represents a large number of settlements in the settlements of mensh yak 10 individuals. Small settlements, for up to 100 inhabitants, as and from the settlements of the settlements, where the servicing of the populations lies in the greatest world among the nearest larger settlements. Lishe vibirkovo (in one small village for a whole territorial group) can be found in the village of a community service (pochatkova school, medical center, red kutochok, hut-reading room or a club, the best store) - all

With a size of 200-500 inhabitants of the skin settlement, there can be a small number of service workers installed, albeit a small number of households, so that the population is proportionally surrounded by the possibilities of cultural and shuttle service. Silskogospodarske settlement of such magnitude in the organizational development can be the base of the singing vyrobnichi odinitsa (a team of collectives, as well as the large farm of the radio state administration).

With the size of the rural settlement of 3-5 thousand inhabitants, the most favorable opportunities are offered for securing the city's 1st level, the amenities and the cultural-by-the-line services for the great events of the great standard schools, the establishment of medical culture. In a virobny, such settlements are found to be optimal as the center of the great dignities in the minds, which allows for the concentration of work force and viral sporuds.

Functional types of rural settlements. People are engaged in different types of activities, and the population also plays a role in the territorial organization of a suspension industry. In the case of a functional typology.

In the population of settlements, there are a number of groups seen: 1) employed in the Silskoe State; 2) take a job in the state government; 3) borrow on new transport; 4) are engaged in industry; 5) to have a busy day in the Silskoe government and industry in the same locality (in the middle of the season); 6) occupy the establishments (state, administrative, cultural, medical, trade), in the meaning of the world servicing and settlements in the district; 7) they are employed in different establishments, the main rank of the service staff is to serve the "team" of the population, who arrive in this place for the purpose of making a decision.

Most of the time, the most functional types of rural settlements can be seen.

There are two main settlements in the middle of the Silskogospodarskiy settlements, which are of the functional type and store the central settlements of collective hospitals and radio hospitals.

As a rule, it’s the most common in the collegiate population center, which is the most important part of its population (both in one and the whole population) and the basic equipment, as well as the most common in the collegiate and in the community schools, schools, and so on. The central settlement will evolve and will grow at a greater pace, not only the settlements of the collective state, or the settlements of the state administration.

The most widespread types of settlements in collective farms are the center of the brigade villages of the rural and complex brigades, the "philia" of the brigade settlements, the undifferentiated "ranks" of the settlements and the different kind of special settlements.

The brigade of the village is the most numerous in the daily collegial development. The members of the collective, who live in such a village, set up a brigade of the brigade (inodi is the number of brigades in the great settlements). Behind the brigade, a state-owned territory was fixed, lay down to this village, in a new one its own vyrobnichi (the state dvir of the brigade), and all the time it was to become a dilyanka, an organizer for a colleague.

Brigade settlements of complex brigades are being developed so that there is a wider variety of services and state-owned independence, service providers in Poland's lands, as well as farms, one garden, etc. Often, the central settlements of other collective spirits, annoyed in the order of enlargement, saved a number of virobniks and large buddies.

The order of the number of types of higher educational establishments of collegial hospitals, as a rule, may not be large in size. Among them, the most widespread near-farm settlements are at quiet farms, which are rooted behind the minds of the population (the leading rank in case of the need to approach natural fodder in the fields, where they are) The size of the size of the farms is acceptable in the economies of the world, and it can also be found at the stage of the mechanization of labor operations in production.

The main types of settlements in the radospiv are in the central settlements (central sadiba) є settlements іddіlen і farms. Behind his camp in the state, the stench is analogous to the brigade and near-farm settlements of collective sports. A significant part of the radioactive settlements will be re-planned, according to the plan, in view of the projects of organizing the government, that such settlements may have even more clear rotations of the functional type, the one-sided warehouse of the population, which is given by the work of the services. Among the quiet hospitals, like the boulevards on the basis of the workers in the state of the collegials, and they have not yet had the necessary time to re-settle on their territory, it is possible to establish radio hospitals - analogs to develop their own viddіlennya radgospu).

A special functional type of warehouse for post-production specialized settlements of robots and services at okremovannyh procurement points (especially for the procurement of thinness, which can be used and will be completed for such a point before the The stench call out even a little more.

Seasonal change of points - "other lives", victorious part of the workers in collective and radio hospitals for a time-long stay at all the major villages in the towns of the state territory, represent the great function of typical people with their own interests. Smell you may want to build that place for a night, one annex for a local and cultural service, to function time-consumingly, during the period given to the item.

There are a lot of wider agricultural fields and trivial points on seasonal pastures, which are developed according to seasons and trivialities. The order of them in the rural districts is to see the trees, the garden and city villages, the reception facilities and the production of agricultural products, etc.

Polovi village collective hospitals and radio hospitals with a short term of vikorystannya (seeding, tidying up, just looking after the seeding and preparing the land for seeding) to reach the great population (the brigade of the brigade, representing up to 60--100 people in the future) -sobshitіy with іdalniyu, soul, worms with kutochkom, first-aid post, trade yatkoyu, etc., with sheds for the inventory that is kind; In the most primitive view of the stench, they represent a group of light wake-ups, attached for a team-hour night, to receive the necessary lane. The stench is widened in the regions, de farming is carried out on the great tracts of the ryllas at the ridges of the old settlements.

Seasonal trivial points are especially widened in areas of empty and pastoral and girskogo triviality, and the number of them in a lot of times surpasses the number of permanent settlements. Typical and options are highly flexible, most often the smell is stored for 1-2 living rooms near wells, trivial rooms or corrals. There are many more folding forms, right up to the whole seasonal settlements with schools, medical centers, shops, which play the role of time centers for working-class creatures on the most intensively victorious pastoral children.

Nesilskogospodarskі settlements in Sіlskih mіtsevstvіstіvіy are presented іnіtіnіy types, tied with vikonannya sіlskogo folklorepodarski functions. In the midst of the nesіlskogospodarskiy rural settlements, there are offensive functional types, or groups of types.

1. Settlements of industrial enterprises, for their size, do not comply with the "qualification" established for local settlements. Behind the step of their links with the Silk statehood of the growing family, small working settlements in these small towns are stored in a singing "typological row" - from the call of "autonomous" (for example, from the yazanikh (settlements at small, vegetable-drying, wine-growing, dairy and other factories; settlements of micro-enterprises with a variety of educational materials).

2. Settlements on the roads of the country. Most of them are tied from zaliznichny transport - from the one-yard "living points" of the rural households, distributed on the line, to the roses and small stations. There are fewer servants of waterways (sadibi beacon, relocation workers, settlements on locks, pier, etc.), small airports, roads (settlements on roadways, gas stations, etc.). In the rest of the rock there are settlements, such as servicing gas and product pipelines, pumping stations, as well as distant power transmission lines.

3. Settlements of bud_velnik_v at novobudov. Most of them, with a stretch of their own, surrounded by a term, are brought to the "silsky" settlements, which store a special, specific type of population of mists (more precisely - a group of types, as in the order of the "crowded" robotic settlements at warehouses and bases, etc.). For the vikonannya of its functions, the stinks are either to know, or to glory, to be found at the new industrial point of the local settlements, and sometimes to be reimagined in the silski nesilskogospodarsk settlement of the insh type (promisloviy, a marvelous settlement).

4. Lisopromislovi and lisooboronny settlements. The lisopromislovi settlements roztashovuyutsya, as a rule, on the roads of transport to the forest and even more often on the rafting roads, in the places where the railways go to the rafting routes6. The main types of їх є: a) settlements of forest areas, live brigades of woodcutters; b) settlements of lisopunkt_v, yaki to unite the dough of dilyanok; c) the center of the Lispromgospu - the central settlement for the singing mists system and the forest settlements; d) industrial settlements on the highways of the way to the lisu (rafting, transshipment); e) settlements where there is a lane going to the main roads (call for a settlement of a small type, madness from a maidan village, or a stationary settlement); f) settlements on the main roads - raids, at the zapane, etc. Settlements of type "a" (often і інші) may change the interconnection of terms and conditions (until the collection of forest resources in a given month); when designing lisorosorboks, the visa starts at 10-15 years. Ale also shvidko settlements are found in the іnshomu mіsci. Villages of lisnitstv and forest protection service (cordon, lisovy gatehouses) are smaller in size, aledovgovichnish.

5. ribopromislovi and mislivsko-industrial villages. A great state of affairs is the branch of industry, as a rule, there are large settlements of the small type with ports, ribo factories, refrigerators, etc. Ale іsnu a number of ribopromislovsky collectives and brigades of ribolovets in these bases in the villages of settlements - the basis for the formation of reindeer herding brigades, etc.

6. Settlements of scientific stations, post-operatives (at observatories, meteorological stations, etc.) or timings (bases of geological research parties, expeditions).

7. Settlements for the protection of health and coverage of the following types: a) settlements for personnel at the rural schools and homesteads, which have been developed on some of the settlements; b) zamіskі lіkarnі, booths іnvalіdіv, sanatoriums, tо make up the whole settlement with their own statehood; c) childish booths, lisov schools, internati, roztashani in the middle of nature, in the silly world; d) villages of budinks in a separate place, foreign sports and tourist bases. For a large number of functional types, it is characteristic to overhaul (abbreviate a part) of a tim-hour, "winter" population.

The order of the last and the season of the settlement of this kind is at the tourist bases of the winter aboard summer camps, alpinist camps, at the summer camps of the pioneers.

8. Dacha villages - another life of a part of the city's population in the summer hour. According to the day, there is a special type of seasonal settlement, where there are garden groups in front of them (tourist bases, booths, etc.) Large-scale settlements, such as vikoristoyutsya one hour as dachas (delivery of rooms for summer) or resort, not to the same type, such as "villages-bedrooms", the population of some pratsyuє in the city.

9. Zamіskі zhitlovі settlements of robinnikіv and servicemen (settlement - "dormitory" in silskіy mіstsevostі). A whole specific type of settlement expands in the near primitive zones of the great places, creating the unique “life of the philia” of the place. The stench has historically vanished in the process of urbanization in all lands of the world, perhaps a great place, with the presence of handy and quick transport links in the place like a small robot of the inhabitants. The stench can often be seen as a great change, a special kind of companions of the great place, and greatly increased passenger flows between them and the surrounding area. The Danish type of settlements is seen as a kind of settlement for all the settlements, the function of "life" is here and there.

Agrarian-industrial settlements in the Silk society have grown up in two fundamental groups: in the same kind of robot in the industry and in the robot in the Silk state head rank seasonally) in young galuzi. The most diverse types of agrarian-industrial settlements are referred to the first group. Another form of growing old galuzei vyrobnitstva in the rural settlements only started to develop (being progressive and promising) and at the same time in the cob stages in the settlements around the great collectives

In the midst of the agrarian-industrial settlement of the first group, which is the present day of the agricultural settlement and the industrial settlement, one can see a number of types due to the nature of the industrial state of the world and the great winter world.

One of the types is characterized by development in the Silk-Gospodar settlement of the industrial processing of the Muscovy Silk-Gospodar products (candies, oil-processing, oil-processing, vegetable cans, crumbs-molasses and others). The second type is to be established when the industrial and commercial enterprises are introduced (and the first is often transformed into a separate "food shop" of the industrial enterprise). The third type is developing with the development in the Silk and Gospodar settlement of virobnistvs, which are servants of the city of consumers, as they begin to work more or less often on the city of Syrovin. A fourth type of warehouse settlement, de order with the silskoy statehood, the winners are not large enterprises of non-religious significance, the vicarious resources are nadr. Before p'yatogo type mozhna vіdnesti zustrіchaєtsya poєdnannya sіlskogospodarskogo i Villages Villages are small Promyslova pіdpriєmstva not pov'yazanogo of vikoristannyam mіstsevoї sirovini that mіstsevogo Rinku (takі, napriklad, bagato metaloobrobnі i tekstilnі virobnitstva scho іstorichno sklalisya in sіlskih settlements SSMSC ranіshe boule oseredkami all kinds of handicraft industries).

Technological map to the lesson of geography
	People live: place and silska mistsevist
meta lesson	reach the illuminating results: special result - learn the practical and special significance of the initial material metasubject result - take into account the analysis of the text, graphic and audio-visual information, self-formulation and visualization of the knowledge based on the analysis of the information, and the establishment of logical sounds. subject result - the nobility of the main type of settlement: place and village
engaging in a lesson	1) Formulate knowledge about the population of the settlement, about the management of the city and the population of the city, about the role of the city in the state, cultural and political life of the population; 2) Promote the robot to learn robots with text and little ones from a handler like new knowledge; 3) Formulate an independent understanding of learning difficulties on the basis of the reflective method; 4) Take a look at the analysis, break it down and try it out, think about your own competence, communicate by hearing one thing, catch your point of view and argue in a group.
Planned results:	Subjects porvnuvati the place and the village of the village behind the new viglyad, the number that occupy the population. direct butt the young types of the rural settlements of the world. analizuvati Changes in the number of inhabitants of the city per hour. analizuvati Diagram of the social life of the city and the village of the world. to start for the small dzherels of information on the functions of the localities.		UUD Piznavalny UUD 1. Analyze, analyze and share facts. Reveal the cause. 2. to see all the text information. 3. Converting information from one type to another. Storey of different types of plans. 4. At the start of the initiation of the necessary information, conduct a survey of information, analysis and assessment and reliability. communal UUD 1. Establish your point of view, lead arguments, support facts. 2. Take a look at the situation from the point of view and home with people in their positions. 3. Reasonable position of іnshogo, development in yogo promovі: thought (point of view), proof (argument), facts. regulatory ECD 1. Independently emerge and formulate the primary problem, and initiate the primary activity. 2. Visuvati version of the problem, learn the endurance result, choose from the proponated and shukati independently to achieve the achievement. 3. Look at your work with the mark and, if necessary, correct the pardons on your own. 4. The dialogue with the teacher will be able to self-adapt the assessment criteria. special UUD 1. Otsinuvati from the position of social norms of vlasní vchinki and vchinki of the people. 2. Vyvavlyatie emotionally-centrally placed to the midst of the midst, the need for preservation and rational victorian.
Lesson type	Lesson in methodological directing
formi robots	Individual, group
Basic understanding	Mista, silski settlement. Їх vіdminnostі one vіd one
Dzherela information	A.P. Kuznetsov, L.Є. Savel'va, V.P. Dronov Geography. Earth and people. 7 class Atlas of Geography. Earth and people. 7 class
	Work sheet, multimedia presentation or presentation in the programSmartNotebook
organizational stage
Turn on to start in the beginning	Good day friends! I am glad to see you bachiti, and I still want to join the robot with you! Laugh one to one, but now it is me.
Actualization of knowledge and fixation of difficulties in individual performance
Actualization of the boss, it is necessary and sufficient for the reception of new material	Frontal experience: We welcomed you to the great dispensation. Yak vin called? (Lyudina on Earth) Yaki nourished by us vzhe vivcheni (Vidpovidi scholars) How do you think all the material given to you? And why is it necessary to vivchit? (Vidpovidi scholars) І so mi prodovzhumo vivchennya razdila "Lyudina on the Earth"
Preparation of scholars to robotics on the main stage
Organize communal interaction, in the course of which formulate the topic for the lesson, meta lesson and plan for the lesson, as well as bring the scholars to the problematic one	Surprised, I brought a black box with me. Yak vi think, what can you know? ( type of children ) Let me tell you that the objects are tied to the theme of our lesson ( type of children ) (a tram, a horse and a cow ). What have I brought before us to the lesson. How stink can you be tied to the topic of the lesson? Yaky associations of stinks wink at you? ( type of children ) So what will be the topic of our lesson? And read it, it is written in me. EINNELESAN ITKNUP (POPULATION OF PUNKTI) Write to your work sheet Is it possible to set the yak? ( type of children ) Write to your work sheet To reach the lesson, we need to come up with a plan. Is it a settlement? How are you going to visit places and villages? Chomu polyagaє rіznitsya settlement of small types
The stage of mastering new knowledge and methods
Take care of the reception, comprehension and primary knowledge of the knowledge of the material		We start to implement our plan. Yak is hungry for pratsyuєmo why? ( type of children ) Vikoristovuchi the text of the handler, give the viznachennya "settlement" or "settlement" (Miscya, de people live, I will name the settlement or settlements) How widened the stench on the surface of the Earth? (The stench is happening mіzh 78 0 s.sh і 54 0 pdsh. at altitudes up to 5300 m above the sea level) What do you see in the settlements? (Міsta і silskі settlement) Make records in your own working arch. And so, mi zyasuvali, so also the settlement. We need further knowledge ? (What is the reason for the settlement of young types?). The problem of nutrition: Tell me what is the same place on Earth, in which everyone would like to live? Infected with pratsyuєmo groups. persha group pratsyu with the settlements of Silska, friend's group in the place. Your zavdannya: know the characteristic rice of the skin type of settlement. The result of your robot - the table is filled in. You will be helped by food - fairy tales. Sign of the way of life in the way of life in the countryside Orb of Life		silski settlement	place
Zhitlovi mind Do you handle yak booths?	Handling one-topped booths with burnt rooms	Handling overhead booths with handles
busy What is a great part of the population occupied by?	Silskoy domination	I practice at industrial enterprises, in trade, on transport
The rhythm of life Yaky rhythm of life: quiet or smart? Chi dressing with natural rhythms?	Spokiyny, dressing with natural rhythms	Stress, piece (for a rigid layout)
oversupply Why should the majority of the population be oversupplied?	Great part of the population to walk pishki	There is a large part of the population to pass by bus, tram, etc.
Spilkuvannya	Everyone knows all about one thing; callous control over the behavior of the skin	Ignorance of the life of the sick
liveliness What products do you handle in ratsioni?	Products viroscheni on vlasniy dilyantsi	Products bought in shops

And at once I ask you to present the results of your robots, the protolezhny group is to rob entries in the work sheet (Sounds about a group about a Viconan robot)

Well done! All fit in from the staff. (Physical minute)

And at the same time, let’s break it down? What kind of population point is called a place? (View of children) ... Zrobimo recording in a robotic arc.

De and if the first places have appeared? And what about the place in our region? Name їх.

For the number of the population of the place there are: small up to 50 thousand., Middle 50-100 thousand., Great ponad 100 thousand., Milyoneri more than 1 million. Cholovik. How do you think, to which group should our place be admitted? ( type of children )

And how is it called a miscellaneous agglomeration? De roztashovana naybilsha? And in Russia and in the city of agglomeration? Does the yak sound like a stink? ( type of children )

And what functions can you visit the place? Create records in the work sheet.

Good pratsyuєmo now with the villages of the village. Let's get a piece of lady's value, how is it silska mistsevist? (Teritor_ya pose by mestom). And how will we settle down to be called Silski? Write down your value on the work sheet.

And at the same time, let us wonder, like the tip of the Silski populations є in the small cocks of the planet. For the whole viconєmo, it’s coming to the fore: in the working arkushi є the little girls of the Silsky settlements. I will read to you the viznachennya paragraph, and if you are guilty, I’ll say hello, I’m sorry.

Population point, rostashovany pose mischievous border. Can be a workman, a resort, a dacha (Selische)

Okrem sadiba, a yak roztashovana on the vidokremlenіy dіlyantsі earthі, wоuld be stored in the corystuvanna of the given ruler (Khutir)

Great Cossack Settlement (Stanitsa)

Great Mautok in Brazil. This is the name of the program for 1 channel (Fazenda)

Population point in the mountains. З Türkic movi - "settlement" (Aul)

Small selyanske settlement, in yaku no church (Village)

Sadiba, Skotarske Gospodarstvo in the USA (Ranch)

A settlement in Central Asia. З Türkic movi - "winter house" (Kishlak)

One of the found types of settlement at the Slov'yan (settlement with a church) (Village).

And we are alive with you, in some locality? What is the difference? What kind of rice silky art do we have? And you know that in 2011 we had a referendum, that a large part of the population was free of freedom, about those who see Serishevo become a village. And you vvazhate vi yak?(View of children).

And so, we were showing you a great robot. Tell me, have we reached the set?

Please give me a bag, you have seen it at the end of the year(View of children).

The stage of the first transformation of the mind of Vivchenko

1. Establish the correctness and assimilation of the implanted material.

2. Viyaviti glades of the primordial understanding of the grafted material

Well done! And now I will propound to you the viconati also zavdannya. Before you is encrypted in the home of the message. Read її?

ABVGVSYAKІYEDI

KULIKNOPROMS

VARTIFSVOEBD

TOBOLOTORVSK

DLHACHVALITSI

Every sandpiper should praise his swamp. Yak vi rosumієte tsyu prikazku? Good. And at once I will propon to you, praise the populace of the point. Infected zmіnyuєmosya: a persha group to praise is a place, a friend is a village.

Stage of consolidation of new knowledge and methods of development

Protect in the course of the fixing of the adjustment of the level of comprehension of the vivic material

And so, we were showing you a great robot. Tell me, have we reached the set? Have we reached the delivery?

And who did they rob this year at the level, how to reach the set?

Please give me a bag, you have seen it at the end of the year (View of children).

Let's turn to our problematic food: Tell me what on Earth is there a place where everyone would like to live?

Well, you can tell the drive at once (Mabut, German. All people are different: one is like the pace of life in the middle of the cold, the third one cannot live nowhere, except for the native village in the mountains. for the third - good-hearted people, for the fourth - warm climate, etc. to that for the whole and for the skin-specific people, they are important and necessary for the most popular places and villages)

Step of information about home management

Protect the intelligence of education in meti, for the wisdom and methods of vikonannya homework

paragraph 15

Vibir Zavdannya:

To create a presentation or a booklet on the topic "Independent place"

Stage of delivery of pidsumkiv

I will give an assessment of the robot to the class and the okremikh scientists

Let's take a lesson and evaluate our robot. Who can you see this year at the level?

stage reflexion

Preserve the learning of the principles of self-regulation and sports

Lads, I want to brutalize respect for the wall, for them the attention of great people. Think 5 sec., I say, as the phrase is the most beautifulyour activity at the level, what is the best for you:

Piznannya to obey

Aristotle

I don't know anything .

Socrates

Give me a message and I'll forget.

Show me and I am intelligence

Let me kill myself

I am coming

Confucius