Mainland Africa is the country and the capital of the country. Zakhidna Africa: a list of the provinces of Western Africa. Mista PAR, you feud with your beauty
Africa is a part of light, with a small area of 30.3 million kilometers 2 of islands, a whole other world of Eurasia, 6% of the entire surface of our planet and 20% of land.
Geographic location
Roztashovana Africa in Pivnichnoe and Skhidny pivkuli (great part), small part in Pivdenny and Zakhidny. Yak and all the great fragments of the ancient continent of Gondwana, ma massive obris, great peasants and gliboki inlets on the outskirts. The length of the continent from winter to week is 8 thousand km, from approach to the highway - 7.5 thousand km. At winter it is washed by the waters of the Sered-land Sea, at the winter descent of the Wormwood by the sea at the winter descent by the Indian Ocean, at sunset - by the Atlantic Ocean. Africa from Asia to the Kremlin Suets canal, from Europe to the Gibraltarsku channel.
Basic geographic characteristics
Africa lie on old platforms, I will zoom in on the surface of the surface, as it will rise through the glib valleys of the rychok. On the Uzbek continent, there are numerous lowlands, the pivnichny zad - the place of the Atlas mountains, the ancient part, practically occupied by the wilderness of Sugar, - the skyscrapers of the Ahaggar and Tibets, pivden - Cape and Dragon Gir. The most important point in Africa is the Kilimandzharo volcano (5895 m, the Masaya flatland), the bottom is 157 meters below the ocean level in Lake Assal. The Red Sea bridle, on the territory of the Ethiopian Plateau and up to the mouth of the Zambez River, stretched out the largest in a light rosette of earth measles, which is characterized by frequent seismic activity.
The territory of Africa is crossed by rivers: Congo (Central Africa), Niger (Western Africa), Limpopo, Oranzheva, Zambezi (Northern Africa), as well as one of the most high-water and long rivers in the world - Nil (6852 km), (The turns are found on the Skhidno-African plateau, and the river flows into the Seredzemne sea, forming a delta). Richkas grow with a lot of water only in the equatorial belt, there are great numbers of fallen off there, most of them appear to have a high flow of water, there are a lot of thresholds and thresholds. Near the lithospheric fractures, filled with water, there are lakes - Nyasa, Tanganyika, the most pristine lake in Africa and another beyond the area of Lake Verkhny (Pivnichna America) - Viktoria (of the area 68.8 thousand km2, max. ), the most salty lake is Chad (with an area of 1.35 thousand km 2, roztashovane on the northern outskirts of the most empty Sahari light).
During the growth of Africa, there are two tropical belts, for which the country is characterized by high total indicators of sleepy radioactivity, so there is the right to call Africa the most promising continent of the Earth (the temperature on our planet was registered in 1922 - ).
On the territory of Africa, there are such natural zones as natural greens Equatorial Lisy(Uzbek Guinea inlets, the west of the Congo), in the winter and in the winter, in the wilderness, in the wilderness, in the wilderness, in the wilderness, in the wilderness, but in the natural zone of savan and birch trees, which will go to Africa, Sahara, Kalahari. Namib). There is a small zone of green coniferous-leaved leaves near the paternal-skidny part of Africa, on the heaps of the Atlas mountains there is a zone of hard-leaved green leaves and chagarniks. Natural zones and gyres and flat surfaces are up to the laws of altitude.
the edge of Africa
The territory of Africa is divided between 62 countries, 54 - independent, sovereign powers, 10 fallow territories, which can be referred to Spain, Portugal, Great Britain and France, rushta is not known, the Democratic Republic of the country, the Republic of Saudi Arabia The most recent hour of the land of Asia, bully foreign colonies of the young European powers and only until the middle of the last century took away the independence. Regardless of the geographical position of Africa, there are five regions such as Pivnichna, Central, Zakhidna, Shidna and Pivdenna Africa.
List of African countries
nature
Gori and Rivni of Africa
A large part of the African continent is є. Є girski systems, a rise and a plateau. The stench is presented:
- Atlas mountains in the wilderness-western part of the continent;
- the highlands of Tibesti and Ahaggar in the wilderness of the Sahara;
- Ethiopian mountains in the western part of the mainland;
- Dragon mountains in the pivdenniy.
The most important point of the land is the Kilimandzharo volcano, the head of the village is 5,895 m.
Shelters and savannahs
The most empty zone of the African continent is located in the private part. Tse Kestrel Sahara. On the western-western side of the continent, there will be one more kestrel of smaller area, Namib, and all the way to the middle of the continent at the turn of the Kalahari Kestrel.
The territory of the savani borrows the main part of Central Africa. Beyond the area, there is a larger part of the mainland. The territory is characterized by the presence of grazing, typical for shrouds, small chagarniks and trees. The amount of herbaceous dewline grows, fallen as a result of the number of fallen trees. There can be a practical empty savannah, or rather high-quality, with a grass cover from 1 to 5 m at the height of ...
rychki
On the territory of the African continent, you will find a small river - Nil. Directly її current from pіvnіch pіvnіch.
At the crossroads of the great water systems of the mainland, Limpopo, Zambez and Pomarancheva Rika, as well as Congo, which is located across the territory of Central Africa.
On the river Zambez there is a famous waterfall called Viktoria, 120 m high and 1,800 m wide ...
lakes
At the turn of the great lakes of the African continent є Lake Vіktorіya, like є others in the light beyond the area of freshwater mine. The depth of its reach is 80 m, and the area becomes 68,000 square kilometers. There are also two great lakes on the continent: Tanganyika and Nyasa. Roztashovany stench in fractures of lithospheric plates.
Є On the territory of Africa, Lake Chad, which is one of the most insensitive recreational lakes in the world, which does not have a connection with the ocean of light ...
Seas and oceans
The African continent is washed by the waters of two oceans: the Indian and the Atlantic. There is also the Chervone and the Seredzemne sea near this coast. Three sides Atlantic Ocean in the pivdenno-western part of the water and set up a large Gvineyska inflow.
Unimportant to the growth of the African continent, the coastal waters are cool. Infuse the Atlantic Ocean into the cold current: Kanarska at winter and Bengal at sunset. On the side of the Indian Ocean the heat flow. Naybilshi - tse Mozambikskogo, in beer waters, I Vushko - in the early ...
Foxes of Africa
Lisovy massivi from the efforts of the African continent to become three more than four. here roztashovany subtropical foxes To grow on the grabs of the Atlas mountains and the valleys of the ridge. Here you can create a stone oak, a fistachka, a pine tree, etc. Visoko in the mountains grow coniferous dewlines, represented by Aleppo pine, Atlas cedar, yalivtsy and other types of trees.
Closer to the uzberezhzha, the forest grows from the bark oak, in the tropical region there is wider variety of green trees, for example, the red tree, sandalwood, ebene, etc.
Nature, growths and creatures of Africa
The growth rate of equatorial leaves grows to grow, there are close to 1000 species of versatile species of trees: ficusi, seiba, wine tree, oil palm, wine palm tree, banana palm tree, cauliflower tree ... Here there are a lot of species of creatures, grisons, birds and comas, as they live right on the trees. Live on earth: kisteukhay pigs, leopardies, African deer - a relative of the okapi giraffe, great people like mawpies - burned ...
40% of the territory of Africa is occupied by savannas, which represent the majestic steppe areas, including grasses, low, thorny chagarnas, milkweed, and near trees (tree-like acacia, baobabs).
Here, the most magnificent purchase of such great creatures yak: rhino, giraffe, elephant, hippopotamus, zebra, buivil, gina, lion, leopard, cheetah, jackal, crocodile, hyena dog. The most numerous creatures of the savannah are such grassy yak: bubal (family of antelopes), giraffe, impala or black-hooded antelope, small species of gazelles (Thomson, Grant), black wildebeest, podkudi chrytryt-strybyny antilopeantilope
The growth of the hedgehog and the growth of the hedgehog grows brisk and non-vibrant, even small thorny chagarniki, near growing bunches of grasses. In the oases, the growth of the unique fine palm tree Erg Shebbi, as well as the growth of stike to the minds of dry land and the setting of salts. In the wilderness Namib grows a unique growth of velvichchia and nara, the fruits of which porcupines, elephants and other creatures grow.
There are a lot of different species of antelopes and gazelles, attached to a special class and building in the chatter of a great city, a lot of species of grisons, snakes, and turtles. Lizard. Sered savtsіv: plyamista guina, zychayny jackal, gryvіsty ram, cape rabbit, yyzhak efіopskiy, gazelle-Dorcas, saberrogy antelope, pavian Anubis, wild Nubian wasp, cheetah, jackal, fox.
Climatic mind
Pori rock, weather and climate of Africa
The central part of Africa, through the yaku pass the line of the adequate, to be in the area of a low vice and to eliminate the abundance of waste, the territory on the weekends and every day is adequate to be in the subquatorial climatic zone, the empty) zone of the seasonal (monsoon) Krajnja pіvnіch i Pivden znahodyatsya in subtropіchnomu klіmatichnomu poyasі, Pivden otrimuє litter, prinesenі povіtryanimi Masami s Іndіyskogo ocean here znahoditsya emptied Kalaharі, pіvnіch - mіnіmalna Quantity opadіv, vnaslіdok formuvannya oblastі Visoko vises i Especially Ruhu pasatіv, naybіlsha emptied svitu - Sahara de Quantity fell off minimally, in some areas the winners do not fall behind ...
resources
Natural resources of Africa
Africa is involved in water reserves with one of the most secure continents in the world. A middle-aged man of water and water supply for the satisfaction of pershchergovyh needs, but not all regions.
Land resources are represented by significant land areas beyond the area. Obroblyayut all deprived of 20% from the best of the young. The reason for this is the visibility of the regular maintenance of water, soil erosion, etc.
The foxes of Africa are represented by dzhereviny, including the breed of valuable varieties. Countries, on the territory of which stinks grow, syrovin is sent for export. The resources of the vicarist are unreasonable and the ecosystem and the giblets are used up.
At the nadrah of Africa є load the cinnamon copalins. The number of export destinations: gold, diamonds, uranium, phosphorus, manganese ores. Є Significant reserves of oil and natural gas.
Energy resources are widely represented on the continent, even if the stench doesn’t get sick, it’s through the availability of proper investments ...
In the midst of the roving industrial spheres of the African continent, it is possible to mean:
- Girnichodobuvnu promiscuity, which directs the mineral syruin and palivo for export;
- naftopererobnuyu industry, expanded in the main on the territory of PAR and Pivnichnoi in Africa;
- cheeky promiscuity, how to specialize on virobniths of mineral goodness;
- as well as metallurgy and machinery.
The main products of the Silskoy government are cocoa beans, kava, corn, rice and wheat. In the tropical regions of Africa, there is a palm tree.
The donation is not insignificant and the warehouse is less than 1 2% of the total debt of the Silskoy government. The indicators of creation are also not very good, and the reason for the infection of thinness with a tsetse fly ...
Culture
The people of Africa: culture and traditions
On the territory of 62 African regions, there are close to 8000 peoples and ethnic groups, and in the zagalny one there are close to 1.1 million cholovik. Africa is imbued with koliska and procrastination of human civilization, here itself there will be known the remains of ancient primates (hominidiv), as for the version of the ancestors the ancestors of people.
There is a great part of the people in Africa, there can be a few thousand people, as well as a few hundred, who live in one or two villages. 90% of the population are representatives of 120 peoples, their number is more than 1 million people, 2/3 of them - people from the number of 5 million people, 1/3 - people from more than 10 million people - the whole population of Africa , Hausa, Fulbe, Yoruba, Igbo, Amhara, Oromo, Rwanda, Malagasy, Zulusi ...
I see two historical and ethnographic provinces: Pivnichno-African (cultivation of the Indo-European race) and tropical-African (the majority of the population is a negro-ethnic race), there are:
- Went to Africa... People who speak Movah Mande (Susu, Maninka, Mende, Vai), Chad (Hausa), Nilo-Saharu (Songhai, Kanuri, Tubu, Zaghava, Mava and In.), Nigero-Congolese Movahs (Yoruba, Igbo, Bini , nupe, gbarі, Іgal і idoma, ibibio, efіk, Kambar, birom і dzhukuni і in.);
- Equatorial Africa... Inhabited by Buantoyazic peoples: Douala, Fang, Bubi (Fernandzi), Mpongwe, Teke, Mboshi, Ngala, Como, Mongo, Tetela, Cuba, Congo, Ambundu, Ovimbundu, Chokwe, Luena, Tonga, Pigmei ta in.;
- Pivdenna Africa... Rebellious peoples, and speak in Khoisan movs: bushmen and hottentoti;
- Skhidna Africa... Groups of Bantu people, Niloti and Sudanese;
- Pivnichno-Skhidna Africa... People who speak Ethiosemite (Amkhartsi, tiger, tiger.), Kushite (Oromo, Somaliytsi, Sidamo, Agau, Afar, Conso and іn.) And I Omotskіe Movami (Ometa, Gimirra ;і іn.)
- Madagascar... Malagasy and Creole.
In the Pivnichno-African provinces, the main peoples are the Arabs and the Berberis, who embrace the South European minority race, in the main to promote the Sunni Muslims. There is also a strong ethno-religious group of Copts, like the direct sites of the ancient Egyptians, the stench of Christian monofiziti.
Skilki of the land in Africa?
Africa is a different continent beyond the area of Eurasia, to be washed away By the middle land sea from pivnochі, Chervonim - from pіvnіchnoj descent, the Atlantic Ocean from the setting and the Indian Ocean from the outset and from the beginning. Africa is also called a part of the world, which is located on the continent of Africa and the adjacent islands. The area of Africa to become 29.2 million km², with the islands - close to 30.3 million km², curving, such a rank, 6% home area surface of the Earth and 20.4% of the surface of the land. On the territory of Africa, 56 powers, 5 non-known powers and 5 abandoned territories (islands) have been rocked.
The population of Africa is becoming close to a billion people. Africa is fascinated by the procrastination of people: it is here that they found the remains of early homosexuals and their imovir ancestors.
The African continent overtakes the ekvator and the number of climatic zones; a single continent, stretching from the wine subtropical climatic belt to the ancient subtropical belt. Through the lack of permanent fall and growth - so it is like ice in any aquifer gir systems- natural regulation of klimata nowhere, in the middle of the Uzbeks, is practically not spared.
Investigations of cultural, economic, political and social problems of Africa are dealt with by the science of African studies.
It is more commonly used from Mary Rakhimovoi (often transformed).
Numerous powers and fallow lands in Africa - 61 (of which 54 are independent).
It includes 10 islands, 14 internal continental and 37 powers with wide access to the seas and oceans.
The edge of Africa is cleverly spread over 4 regions - Pivnichny, Pivdenny, Zakhidny and Skhidny.
56 land
List of African countries:
Algeria (capital - Algeria)
Angola (capital - Luanda)
Benin (capital - Porto-Novo)
Botswana (capital - Gaborone)
Burkina Faso (capital - Ouagadougou)
Burundi (capital - Bujumbura)
Gabon (capital - Librevil)
Gambia (capital - Banjul)
Ghana (capital - Accra)
Guinea (capital - Konakri)
Guinea-Bisau (capital - Bisau)
Democratic Republic of Congo (capital - Kinshasa)
Jibuti (capital - Jibuti)
Egypt (capital - Kaire)
Zambia (capital - Lusaka)
Zakhidna Sahara
Zimbabwe (capital - Harare)
Cape Verde (capital - Praia)
Cameroon (capital - Yaounde)
Kenia (capital - Nairobi)
Comoros Islands (capital - Moroni)
Congo (capital - Brazzaville)
Cote d "Ivoire (table - Yamoussoukro)
Lesotho (capital - Maseru)
Liberia (capital - Monrovia)
Livia (capital - Tripolі)
Mauritius (capital - Port Louis)
Mauritania (capital - Nouakchott)
Madagascar (capital - Antananarivu)
Malawi (capital - Lilongwe)
Mali (capital - Bamako)
Morocco (capital - Rabat)
Mozambik (capital - Maputo)
Namibia (capital - Windhoek)
Niger (capital - Niamey)
Nigeriya (capital - Abuja)
Island of St. Eleni (capital - Jamestown) (Great Britain)
Reunion (capital - Saint-Deny) (France)
Rwanda (capital - Kіgalі)
Sao Tome and Prinsipi (capital - Sao Tome)
Swaziland (capital - Mbabane)
Seychelles (capital - Viktoria)
Senegal (capital - Dakar)
Somalia (capital - Mogadishu)
Sudan (capital - Khartoum)
Sjєrra Leone (capital - Freetown)
Tanzania (capital - Dodoma)
Togo (capital - Lome)
Tunis (capital - Tunis)
Uganda (capital - Kampala)
Central African Republic (capital - Bangi)
Chad (capital - N'Djamena)
Equatorial Guinea (capital - Malabo)
Eritrea (capital - Asmera)
Ethiopia (capital - Addis Ababa)
Pivdenno-African Republic (capital - Pretoria)
Africa is the largest area (30 million sq. Km.) Region, which includes 54 independent states. Some of them are rich and land, which are developing, some are, one may go to the sea, and some are not. So what about the lands in Africa, and what powers are they?
Lands of Pivnichnoy Africa
The entire mainland can be divided into five zones: Pivnichna Africa, Western Africa, Western Africa, Central Africa, Pivdenna Africa.
Small. 1. The edges of Africa.
Almost the entire region of Pivnichna Africa (10 million sq. Km.) To lie on the territory of the Sahara wilderness. For the whole natural zone, high temperatures are characteristic, the very temperature in the light is registered here in the middle - +58 degrees. The most important African powers are located in the whole region. Tse - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sudan. All cities of the country are territories, where they can reach the sea.
Egypt - the tourist center of Africa. People come here for the sake of the world, so that they can get rid of the bad weather along the warm sea, food beaches and infrastructure, which will add an appendage to the house.
power Algeria in the same capital, the largest land behind the area in Pivnichny Afritsa. Yogo area to become 2382 yew. Sq. km. A small river in the middle of the territory is the river Sheliff, which flows into the Seredzemne sea. The length of the warehouse is 700 km. Rashta richok nabagato dribnіshe and ruining the middle of the Sahari. In Algeria, enjoy the great deals of oil and gas.
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Sudan - the land of the pivdenno-African region, yak maє vikhid to the Red Sea.
Sudan is one of the "land of three Nilov" - Bily, Blakitny, and the main one, which is accepted as a result of the evil of the two first.
Sudan has a dense and rich green shroud: in the season, the grass here reaches 2.5 - 3 m. At the very beginning there are forest savannahs from the wilderness, red and black ebony trees.
Small. 2. ebony tree.
Livia - a land in the Central part of Pivnichnoy Africa, with an area of 1760 yew. Sq. km. There is a large part of the territory - a flat valley with a height of 200 to 500 meters. Likewise, from the first lands of the Pivnichnaya America, Libya travels to the Middle-Earth Sea.
Lands of Western Africa
Africa is washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the beginning of the day and from the sunset. Here roztashovani guinea lisu tropical region. The cycle is characterized by the season of boards and dry land. Until the Western African powerless powers, the middle Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Cameroon, Liberation. The population of the whole region will become 210 million Cholovik. In the whole region of Nigeria roztashovan (195 million Chol.) - great land for the number of inhabitants in Africa, and Cape Verde - even a small island state with a population of close to 430 thousand people.
The main role in the economy of the city silske statehood... Lands of Western Africa є leaders in the collection of cocoa beans (Ghana, Nigeria), arachis (Senegal, Niger), palm oil (Nigeria).
Lands of Central Africa
Central Africa is located in the westernmost part of the continent and the continent in the equatorial and subquatorial belt. The whole area is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the Guinea River. Central Africa has a lot of richok: Congo, Ogove, Kwanza, Kvilu. The climate is hot. Up to this area there are 9 countries including Congo, Chad, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola.
For the appearance of natural resources, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of the most important countries on the continent. There are unique vologі lіsi- Selvi of Africa, which makes 6% of all forests in the United States.
Angola is a great export leader. Zakordon export kawi, fruit, sugarcane. And in Gabon, add mead, naphtha, manganese, uranium.
Territories of Western Africa
The shores of skidny Africa are surrounded by the Chervona sea, and also by stretching out to the Nil. Climat in the whole district in the leather land of development. For example, Seychelles is characterized by yak in the sea paths, de panuyut muson. At the same hour, Somalia can be carried to the Great Afritsa, a wilderness, for the board days it is practically impossible. This region includes Madagascar, Rwanda, Seychelles, Uganda, Tanzania.
For the countries of Central Africa, the export of specific products is characteristic, which is not common in the other African powers. Kenia exports tea and kava, and Tanzania and Uganda are bavovna.
Bagatokh people tsіkavit, why is the capital of Africa? Naturally, the skin of the country has its own capital, ale the heart of Africa, vvazayut the capital of the Ethiopia - Misto Addis Ababa. It’s not easy to go to the sea, because there are representatives of all parts of the continent.
Small. 3. Adis Ababa.
Lands of Holy Africa
Prior to Pivdenny Afritsa, there are PAR, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland.
The Pivdeno-African Republic is the most popular in its region, and Swaziland is the most popular. Swaziland between PAR and Mozambic. The population of the land is only 1.3 million. Cholovik. Denmark region is located in tropical and subtropical climatic zones.
List of African countries with capitals
- Algeria (capital - Algeria)
- Angola (capital - Luanda)
- Benin (capital - Porto-Novo)
- Botswana (capital - Gaborone)
- Burkina Faso (capital - Ouagadougou)
- Burundi (capital - Bujumbura)
- Gabon (capital - Librevil)
- Gambia (capital - Banjul)
- Ghana (capital - Accra)
- Guinea (capital - Konakri)
- Guinea-Bisau (capital - Bisau)
- Democratic Republic of Congo (capital - Kinshasa)
- Jibuti (capital - Jibuti)
- Egypt (capital - Kaire)
- Zambia (capital - Lusaka)
- Zakhidna Sahara (capital - El-Ayun)
- Zimbabwe (capital - Harare)
- Cape Verde (capital - Praia)
- Cameroon (capital - Yaounde)
- Kenia (capital - Nairobi)
- Comoros Islands (capital - Moroni)
- Congo (capital - Brazzaville)
- Cote d'Ivoire (table - Yamoussoukro)
- Lesotho (capital - Maseru)
- Liberia (capital - Monrovia)
- Livia (capital - Tripoli)
- Mauritius (capital - Port Louis)
- Mauritania (capital - Nouakchott)
- Madagascar (capital - Antananarivu)
- Malawi (capital - Lilongwe)
- Mali (capital - Bamako)
- Morocco (capital - Rabat)
- Mozambik (capital - Maputo)
- Namibia (capital - Windhoek)
- Niger (capital - Niamey)
- Nigeriya (capital - Abuja)
- Island of St. Eleni (capital - Jamestown) (Great Britain)
- Reunion (capital - Saint-Deny) (France)
- Rwanda (capital - Kіgalі)
- Sao Tome and Prinsipi (capital - Sao Tome)
- Swaziland (capital - Mbabane)
- Seychelles (capital - Viktoria)
- Senegal (capital - Dakar)
- Somalia (capital - Mogadishu)
- Sudan (capital - Khartoum)
- Sjєrra Leone (capital - Freetown)
- Tanzania (capital - Dodoma)
- Togo (capital - Lome)
- Tunis (capital - Tunis)
- Uganda (capital - Kampala)
- Central African Republic (capital - Bangi)
- Chad (capital - N'Djamena)
- Equatorial Guinea (capital - Malabo)
- Eritrea (capital - Asmera)
- Ethiopia (capital - Addis Ababa)
- Pivdenno-African Republic (capital - Pretoria)
Who did you know?
Africa is the hottest continent of the Earth. On the territory of the mainland there are 54 independent powers, which can be referred to one of five regions: Pivnichna Africa, Western Africa, Western Africa, Central Africa, Pivdenna Africa. The edges of Africa and their capitals are unique. The skin land has its own particularity and characteristic rice.
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assessment of additional information
Average rating: 4.8. All otrimanos estimates: 343.
Beautiful and beautiful Africa is another continent in light of its scale. There are 1 billion people living in the wide open spaces. And the land is cleverly divided into 5 regions. For the tradition of Africa, the list of which can be stored in 62 points, submitted before the coming regions:
- Pivdenny.
- Zakhidny.
- Pivnichny.
- Skhidny.
- І Central.
Such a podil is summed up by the small geographic and climatic minds, the ideas of cultures and forms of government.
In Africa, fallow lands and independent territories. There are 37 countries with access to the seas and oceans. Present (10 units). I 16 land, which is located in the continent.
Territories of Africa: list of powers in the Holy Region
Pіvedenna Africa zberіgaє in its memory help about the colonization period. On the її Teritorії Bulo broken nuclear weapons, From what uryad because of the seen. Before the warehouse, there are such lands, yak:
- Zimbabwe;
- Mozambic;
- Comoros Islands;
- Seychelles Islands;
- Island of Mauritius;
- Reunion;
- Madagascar;
- Lesotho;
- Botswana;
- Swaziland;
- Namibia.
itself great land on the land - the Pivdenno-African Republic (PAR). All the population of the Pivdenny Region lives there. As of the date of the Territory, 11 months were officially accepted. Ethnic warehouse of the PAR is a versatile group with numerical relіgіynyh ob'dnan.
The closeness of the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean makes Pivdennu Africa attractive for tourism. In the first part of the continent tsiliy rik warmth and power. Ale klimat perevazhaє pomirny, to that and the cake is easy to carry.
African Countries: List of Powers of the Western Region
The windy and windy climate of Western Africa can hardly lie in the middle of the humble passions. The territory is built from the offensive lands:
- Sєrra Leone;
- Senegal;
- Benin;
- Burkina Faso;
- Gambia;
- Ghana;
- Togo;
- Guinea;
- Guinea-Bisau;
- Cape Verde;
- Cameroon;
- Mauritania;
- Nigeria;
- Niger;
- Mali;
- Liberia;
- Cote d "Ivoire;
- Islands of the Holy Glen.
Outside region - Batkivshchyna Bagatokh African mov. On the Territory and the New Year Usny folklore... And ceremonial dances are included in the program of the skin significant saint.
A natural boundary line of land on the descent of the Cameroon Mountains. The legendary Sahara Kestrel is being repaired at Pivdni in the region itself. And at sunset, the natural cordon will set up the Atlantic Ocean.
The Federal Republic of Nigeria, for some reason, has rejected the status of the largest naphtha virobnik. A large part of the population of Volodya is headed by decilkom government. The country has an official release of 527 mov. Among them there are 11 "dead" talkers, in the schools of the state they are victorious in English and even more of the world ethnos.
Abuja is the Nigerian capital, surrounded by a row, as the most neutral place of the Western region. After the completion of the main stages of business in 1976, Abuja revoked the status of the main place of Nigeria, the replacement of the re-assigned to the Logos.
The edges of Africa: a list of the powers of the Pivnichny region
A significant part of the Pivnichny region is occupied by the wilderness of the Sahari. From the endless sea to cross the greatest powers of the whole African continent:
- Sudan;
- Tunis;
- Algeria;
- Morocco;
- Livia;
- Sadr;
- Egypt.
Seredzemomorska is a natural area, which is more comfortable for living. That is why the great tourist objects of the African continent, as seen in the United States, will be developed there.
The economy of the whole region is located in a small country, not in other parts of Africa. The proximity of Europe is meant not only for the development of the region, but for its cultural decline.
Tunis is a land, like Volodya is the most competitive economy in the midst of African countries. Near Tunisia there are 10 million choloviks, a great part of those who speak Arabic language. Mayzhe all the population of the pivnichnogo state spovidu islam. Seredzemomorskiy klіmat rob Tunis with an important tourism sector. The culture of the land is a way of life in its own free-spirited people, which organically integrate into haunted life Tunisky people.
African Countries: List of Powers of the Skid Region
On the Skhid from the mysterious Nila, a kilka of lands was opened, and to enter the warehouse of the Skhidny region. Among them, you can name such powers, like:
- Efiopia;
- Eritrea;
- Uganda;
- Tanzania;
- Somalia;
- Mayotte;
- Kenia;
- Jibuty;
- Zambia;
- Komori;
- Malawi.
Climate of the Skhidnoy part of Africa is arid in the central regions. Ale on uzberezhzhі vіn shvidko zmіnyutsya to tropichesky. Numerous colonies set up a cordon of powers to finish up pretty much. Through those who did not boil cultural and religious directly, the development of the Skhidny region will begin to grow at an even faster pace.
Kenia is not only the tourists' love of kuchka, but the first place, like Volodya's divine flora and fauna. On the territory of the Kenya there is a great number of reserves, which are protected by the international organization of UNESCO.
In Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, people speak English and English dialect of Swahili. Dovgiy hour tsya land bula to the colony of Great Britain.
Territories of Africa: list of powers of the Central Region
At the very heart of Africa there is an offensive power:
- Angola;
- Congo;
- Sao Tome;
- Equatorial Guinea.
The city of the country has a subquatorial climate. The managers of the great richkovy system even there you can grow without edge foxes, where they can be stored from green and deciduous trees.
The Republic of the Congo in the region of the country with a lot of korisny kopalini. Tsia furnishings a few weeks ago took the birth of the African "golden" fever in the territory of the country.
The capital of the land, I will name it Brazzavil with the indispensable. The literacy of the population there reaches 82%. The economy of the state is based on the type of oil and gas industry. Cultural performance sector folk art... Kindly rozvinne і straightforwardly mischievous.
All the edges of Africa, the list of which has been brought to the fore, is vvazhayutsya officially rendered powers. Timing by the hour, the rich territory of the African continent has recently embarked on the path of international awareness and left the righteous powers not. Ale still think about the meaning between the deyakie cards.
Anthropologists call Africa the ring of civilization. Zgіdno with the past, there first appeared a human culture. Paradoxically, in the mystery of the birth of all living things, until now, people have never set foot. W 29 million square meters only a small part inhabited by people. The biggest space is the whole wilderness and tropical foils. The African fauna is unique. the whole continent has nowhere to be seen.
Until the end of Africa, the list of those so versatile, easy to understand, before the empty Sahara occupies a larger area, not the entire territory of the United States. Also, on the territory of the continent, half of the world's gold is seen. And the name of the tsієї part of the world resembles one of the found tribes "Afrikano".
Africa is another continent beyond the wide area of Eurasia, where it is washed by the Middle-Earth Sea from winter, Chervonim - from the winter, the Atlantic Ocean from the sunset and the Indian Ocean from the outset and in the past. Africa is also called a part of the world, which is located on the continent of Africa and the adjacent islands. The area of Africa will become 29.2 million km2, with the islands - close to 30.3 million km2, covering, in such a rank, 6% of the land surface area of the Earth and 20.4% of the land surface. On the territory of Africa, there are 54 powers, 5 non-known powers and 5 fallow territories (islands).
The population of Africa is becoming close to a billion people. Africa is engrossed in the greatness of the people: it is here itself that we have found the remains of early homosexuals and immovable ancestors, including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. ergіlіs.
The African continent overtakes the ekvator and the number of climatic zones; a single continent, stretching from the wine subtropical climatic belt to the ancient subtropical belt. Through the lack of late fall and growth - as it is in the water-bearing horizon of the Gir systems - the natural regulation of the climate nowhere, in the Uzbek coast, is practically not spared.
Investigations of cultural, economic, political and social problems of Africa are dealt with by the science of African studies.
extreme points
- Pivnichna - Mrs Blanco (Ben-Sekka, Ras-Engel, El-Ab'yad)
- Pivdenna - Ms. Golkovy
- Zakhidna - mis Almadi
- Skhidna - Ms. Hafun
please name
With the word "afri" the inhabitants of ancient Carthage called the people who lingered not far from the place. Tsia name zzvychay bring to the fіnіkіyskiy afar, scho means "drank". After the conquest of Carthage, the Romans called the province Africa (Latin Africa). From now on, Africa became the name of all regions of the continent, and then the continent itself.
It’s the theory to say that the name of the people is "Afri" to resemble the Berber ifri, "pecher", mayuchi on uvazi pechernyh inhabitants. Winikla Piznishe in the whole world of Muslim provinces Іfrikiya also preserved its roots in its name.
On the thought of history and archaeologist I. Ofremova, the word "Africa" came from the ancient movi Ta-Kem (Egypt. "Afros" - pinna land). The price is tied from the links to the decile types of leaks, which can be used when approaching the continent in the Middle Earth Sea.
Є y іnshі version of the walking toponym.
- Yosip Flaviy, Jewish historian of the 1st century, stverdzhuvav, which name resembles the name of Onuk Abraham Eter (Bout 25: 4), whose sites inhabited Livia.
- The Latin word aprica, which means "sleepy", is guessing in "Ambushes" by Isidor Sevilsky, volume XIV, section 5.2 (VI century).
- For the version about walking, name it from the Greek word αφρίκη, which means "without cold", having propounded the historian Lev Afrikansky. Vin letting go, the word φρίκη (“cold” and “zhakh”), is given a negative prefix α-, meaning land, de no cold, ni zhahu.
- Gerald Messi, a self-taught Egyptologist, sings in 1881 a version about the proclamation of the word from Egyptian af-rui-ka, “turn around to the mouth of Ka”. Ka - tse energetic double of skin people, і "open Ka" means bosom abo mіsce people. Africa, by such a rank, for the Egyptians means "Batkivshchyna".
History of Africa
prehistoric period
On the ear of the Mesozoic era, since Africa entered the warehouse of Pangea, one of the continent, and before the end of the Triassic period, theropods and primitive ptakhotases dominated in the whole region. Carrying out excavations, as the end of the Triassic period, will indicate a greater population of the continent, and not in the middle of the day.
people who look like
Africa is involved in the batkivshchyna people. Here are the remains of found species of the genus Homo. Three species of eight species have seen only one - Ludina is intelligent, and in a small number (unit of 1000 individuals), having settled in the territory of Africa for about 100,000 years. And even from Africa people flew to Asia (close to 60 - 40 thousand. Rockies), and go to Europe (40 thousand. Rockies), Australia and America (35 -15 thousand. Rockies).
Africa in the period of Kamyaniy vіku
Found archaeological sorcerers, who testify about the processing of grain in Africa, dated to thirteen thousand years BC. e. Animal husbandry in the Sahara has grown approx. 7500 BC That is, and the organization of the Silk statehood in the region of Nilu appeared in 6 thousand years BC. e.
At Sukhara, in a rody territory, there were groups of misleading ribaloks lingering about, to witness archaeological sorcerers. For all Sugar (Ninishni Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Chad, etc.), there have been unlawful petroglyphs and rock records dating back to 6000 BC. e. until the VII century n. e. Nybilsh is seen as a monument to the primordial art of Pivnichnoy Africa є the Tassilin-Ajer plateau.
Apart from the group of Sahara monuments, rock art can also be seen in Somalia and PAR (found small ones date back to 25 thousand years BC).
Linguistic tributes to show, but ethnos, to speak the Bantu movs, were played in a direct, westernized way, turning the stars of the Khoisan people (braid, Zulu and іn.). The Bantu settlements have a characteristic array of cereals native to tropical Africa, including manioku and yams.
A small number of ethnic groups, for example the Bushmen, continue to lead a primitive way of life, engaging in love, family members, as and their ancestors as many as a thousand.
longtime Africa
Pivnichna Africa
Up to 6-5 thousand years BC That is, in the valley of the Nil, agricultural cultures (Tasian culture, Fayum culture, Merimde) were formed, on the basis of those in the 4th millennium BC. e. Vinik Ancient Egypt. On the first day of her life, also on Nilia, the Kerma-Kushitsky civilization was formed in full force, changed in the 2nd millennium BC. e. Nubian (the state of the establishment of Napata). Aloa, Mukurra, Nabatean kingdom and іn. Were established on the yogo ulamki. They were known as cultural and political influx of Ethiopia, Coptic Egypt and Vizantії. 
At the beginning of the Epiphany of the Ethiopian Nagir'ya before the inflow of the South Arabian Sabaean kingdom, the Vinikl of the Epiphany Civilization: in the V century BC. That is, by the victories from the Holy Arabia, the Ephiopian kingdom was established, in the II-XI centuries A.D. That is, the Aksumite kingdom was dying, on the basis of which the Christian Epiphany (XII-XVI centuries) was formed. The central part of the civilization of the boule was cultivated by the skotar tribes of the Levians, as well as by the ancestors of the modern cuisines and niltoyazichnyh peoples.
As a result of the development of horse breeding (appearing in the first capital of N.E.), as well as camel breeding and oasis farming in the Sahara, trade places of Telgi, Debris, Garam, winiklo liviyske list appeared.
On the middle-sea Uzbek coast of Africa in the XII-II centuries BC. That is, the physical-Carthaginian civilization has progressed. The public of the Carthaginian slave state was pouring in on the Livia population. Until IV Art. BC That is, there were great alliances of the Libyan tribes - the Mauretans (in Morocco until the lower reaches of the river Muluy) and the Numidians (from the river Muluy to the Carthaginian Volodin). Until the III century BC That is, they were put together for the approval of the powers (Div. Numidia and Mauretania).
After the defeat of Carthage by Rome, the territory became the Roman province of Africa. Skhidna Numidia in 46 m BC Bula was transformed into the Roman province Nova Africa, and in 27 p. BC That is, offended provinces bully were united into one, cherished by proconsuls. The Mauritanian kings became Vasals of Rome, and in 42 countries the land was divided into two provinces: Mauretania Tingitan and Mauretania Caesarean.
The weakening of the Roman Empire in the III century waged a crisis and in the provinces of Winter Africa, the invading barbarians (Berber, ready, vandal) took success. For the advent of the Muscovite population, the barbarians overthrew the power of Rome and set up a number of powers in the Pivnichny Afritsa: the kingdom of the Vandals, the Berber kingdom of Jedar (mіzh Mulu and OPEC) and a number of other princes of the Berber dynasty. 
In the VI century of Pivnichna Africa, the Bula was conquered by Vizantin, ale the position of the central row of the German Buli. The African provincial nobility never quite entered into an ally with the barbarians and the most inviting enemies of the empire. In 647 rots, the Carthaginian exarch Grigoriy (two-year nephew of Emperor Irakli I), speeding up the weakened imperial power after the blows of the Arabs, rebelled against Constantinople and voted for himself emperor. One of the manifestations of the population's dissatisfaction with the policy of Vizantiya was the widening of the Aresians (Arianism, Donatism, monophysitism). The Arabi-Muslims became the ally of the Rukhiv. In 647 Arabian troops they defeated the army of Grigory in the battle of Sufetul, which called for the withdrawal from Vizantia Egypt. In 665 rots, the Arabians repeated the bulk on the Pivnichnu Africa, and up to 709 rots all the African provinces of Vizantia went to the warehouse of the Arabian Halifat (report of the divine Arab conquest).
Africa for a day from the Sahari
In Afritsi on the week of the Sahari in the 1st millennium BC. That is, the scope of metallurgy has expanded everywhere. Tse received the development of new territories, persh for everything - tropical forests, And it became one of the reasons for the expansion of the Bantuyazic peoples in a large part of the Tropical and Ancient Africa, as well as the representatives of the Ethiopian and Capoid races.
The cities of the civilization of Tropical Africa expanded straight from winter to day (in the western part of the continent) and sometimes to the west (especially in the western part).
The Arabians, who penetrated into Pivnichna Africa in the VII century, even before the emergence of the Europeans, became the main intermediaries between Tropical Africa and Svit, including through Indian Ocean... Cultures of Western and Central Sudan have formulated one Western African, or Sudanese, cultural zone, which extended from Senegal to the modern Republic of Sudan. In the second thousand years, a large part of the central zone was included before the warehouse of the great powers of the Ghana, Kanemo-Borno Mali (XIII-XV centuries), Songai.
On the first day of the Sudanese civilization in the 7th-9th centuries AD that is, the power of the establishment of Ife was formed, which became the colossus of the civilization of the Yoruba and Bin (Benin, Oyo); They were pouring into the drink and the suspicious people. At the end of her life, at the 2nd millennium, the Akano-Ashantiy protocivilisation was formed, which fell on the 17th-ear of the 19th century.
In the regions of Central Africa stretching the XV-XIX centuries. Progressively, the development of the state was recognized - Buganda, Rwanda, Burundi and in.
The Swahili Muslim culture flourished in the X-th century of Africa (the city-states of Kilva, Pate, Mombasa, Lamu, Malindi, Sofala and In., Sultanate of Zanzibar).
At the Pivdenno-Shidniy Afritsi - zimbabwiska (Zimbabwe, Monomotapa) protocivilizatsiya (X-XIX century), in Madagascar, the state-building process ended in cob XIX the capital of all the early political establishment of the island near Іmerina.
Appearing in Africa Europeans
The penetration of Europeans to Africa began in the XV-XVI centuries; The greatest contributions to the development of the continent at the first stage were made by the Spanish and Portuguese after the completion of the Reconstruction. Already in the end of the 15th century, the Portuguese actually controlled the western part of Africa, and in the 16th century they started active work. Practically all Western European powers followed them to Africa: Holland, Spain, Dania, France, England, Nimechchina.
The slave trade from Zanzibar led by deed to the colonization of Schadnoi Africa; try Morocco to go to the Sahel and know bad luck.
All Pivnichna Africa (Crimea Morocco) before the ear of the 17th century went to the warehouse of the Ottoman Empire. With the residual division of Africa between the European powers (1880s), the colonial period was instructed to force the Africans to the industrial civilization.
colonization of Africa
The process of colonization expanded on a large scale in the other half of the 19th century, especially in 1885 with the ear of the so-called race for Africa. Practically the whole continent (the Crimea became independent of the Ethiopia and Liberation) until 1900 of the distribution of the low European powers: Great Britain, France, Nimechchino, Belgium, Italy, and its old colonies
Naybіlsh great and big boules of the Great Britain. In the first and the central part of the continent:
- Kapska colony,
- Natal,
- Bechuanaland (nini - Botswana),
- Basutoland (Lesotho),
- Swaziland,
- Pivdenna Rodesia (Zimbabwe),
- Pivnichna Rodesia (Zambia).
At the gathering:
- Kenia,
- Uganda,
- Zanzibar,
- British Somali.
At the dinner party:
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, formally joining in the sphere of English and Egypt.
At the entrance:
- Nigeria,
- Sєrra Leone,
- Gambia
- Gold Coast.
In the Indian Ocean
- Mauritius (island)
- Seychelles islands.
The colonial empire of France did not accept the British for the size of the population, but the population of the colonies was much smaller, and the natural resources were still more. Most of the French women were known in the Western and Equatorial Africa, and most of their territory fell on the Sahara, which lay before it in the desert region of the Sahel and tropical foils:
- French Guinea (nini - Guineyska Republic),
- Shore of the Elephant City (Cote d'Ivoire),
- Upper Volta (Burkina Faso),
- Dahomey (Benin),
- Mauritania,
- Niger,
- Senegal,
- French Sudan (Mali),
- Gabon,
- Middle Congo (Republic of the Congo),
- Ubangi-Shari (Central African Republic),
- French Coast of Somalia (Jibuti),
- Madagascar,
- Comoros Islands,
- Reunion.
Portugal volodila Angola, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bisau), which included the islands of Green Misu (Republic of Cape Verde), Sao Tome and Principe.
Belgium Volodya Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo, and in 1971-1997 rr. - Zaire), Italy - Eritrea and Italian Somalia, Spain - Spanish Sahara (Eastern Maritime) Nimechchina - Nimetsky Sidnoy Africa (Nini is the continental part of Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi), Cameroon, Togo and Nimetsky Pivdenno-Western Africa (Namibia).
The main incentives, which have brought the European powers to the hottest point for Africa, are the economics. Dyysno, pragnennya before exploitation natural resources and the population of Africa is of little importance. Ale can’t say that the hope immediately came true. On the continent, most of the genera of gold and diamonds have emerged, becoming great arrivals. Along with the rejection of the necessary income, I have made a great investment for the development of natural resources, the establishment of the commune, the attachment of the religious economy to the needs of the metropolis, for the suppression of the protest of the indigenous people, and the development of the rightful Everything was just for an hour. The ideologists of colonialism did not immediately justify their argument. The stink of stverdzhuvali, how the conquest of colonies is seen in the metropolises of the powerless work of the world and the lifelessness, Oskilka Africa will become an ominous market for European products, and there will be a great fortune of portraits. industrial enterprises... As soon as the plans went well, then more and more, it was transferred, and on a smaller scale. Unsuccessful, the argument has emerged that the overwhelming population of Europe will move to Africa. The flows of resettlement appeared to be smaller, less ochikuvalos, and in the main they were intertwined with the whole continent, Angola, Mozambik, Kenin - by the countries, de klimat and іnshi natural mind went for the Europeans. The land of the Guinean outcrops, which was called “the grave of the bila people”, did not focus on many people.
Period of colonial administration
African Theater of Vіyskovykh Dіy Perchoї Svitovoi Vіyni
persha svitova vіyna It was a little bit for the front of Africa, but for the life of the great African lands, the won was not particularly strong. Vіyskovі dії hunted territories of Nіmets colonies. Pong boule zavoyovanі vіyskami Entente i pіslya vіyni for rіshennyam Lіgi Natsіy peredanі kraїnam Entente yak pіdmandatnі teritorії: Togo i Cameroon boule rozdіlenі mіzh Velikobritanієyu i Frantsієyu, Nіmetska Pіvdenno-Zahіdna Africa dіstalasya Pіvdenno-Afrikanskogo Union (PAS), Chastina Nіmetskoї Shіdnoї Africa - Rwanda i Burundi - Bula was transferred to Belgium, іnsha - Tanganyika - Great Britain.
In Tangany's side, there is a long time ago of English rulers: there is a vicious dark of British Volodin from Cape Town to Kaire. The process of colonial development of Africa has accelerated to the end of the process. Colonies more and more were transformed into agrarian and syruvinian appendages of metropolises. Silske government is more and more interested in export.
middle period
In the interim period, the warehouse of agricultural crops is rapidly changing, and the growing of Africans is growing rapidly in export cultures: Kawi - 11 times, tea - 10 times, cocoa beans - 6 times, arachis - 4 times T . More and more colonies became the land of monocultural domination. In front of the other svitovoi vіyni in Bagatyokh regions from two thirds up to 98% of all exports fell on one culture. In Gambia and Senegal, this culture has become an earthy mountain, in Zanzibari - carnation, in Uganda - bavovna, on Golden Berezia - cocoa beans, in French Guinea - bananas and pineapples, in the Holy Rhodesia - tyutyun. In the countries of the country, there were two export cultures: on the Birch Elephant Kistki and in Togo - kava and cocoa, in Kenya - kava and tea, etc. In Gabon and some other countries, monocultures have become a valuable breed of lisa.
The industry became the main rank of the ore-ore - the ball in the larger world is protected for export. Vaughn fluttered quickly. In the Belgian Congo, for example, the video clip from 1913 to 1937 has grown more than 20 times. Until 1937, Africa occupied the capital in capitalism as a place with a variety of minerals. It contained 97% of all diamonds, 92% - cobalt, more than 40% of gold, chromite, lithium minerals, manganese ore, phosphorites and more than a third of all platinum diamonds. In Zakhidny Afritsa, as well as in large regions of Central and Central Africa, export products were mainly distributed in the state gifts of the Africans themselves. European plantation virobnitstvo there is not splintered through climatic minds Important for Europeans. The leading exploiters of the African virobnik are Buli of the Earth Company. Export of agricultural products was sold on farms, which belong to Europeans, who grew up in the Pivden-African Union, Pivdenna Rhodesia, parts of the Pivdennaya Rodezia, Kenya, Pivdenno-Zakhit.
African theater
Boyovy days before the hour of Other Holy Days on the African continent, they go into two directions: into the African African campaign, as Egypt, Libya, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco and the important storage part of the Northern Sea wore a different meaning.
At the rock of the Other Holy Week in the Tropical Afritsa there were only ones in the territory of the Ethiopia, Eritrea and the Italian Somalia. In 1941, the English troops joined the Ethiopian partisans and, for the active participation of the Somalians, took over the territory of these lands. In the largest lands of Tropical and Pivdennaya Africa, there were no trials (with a blame for Madagascar). There are hundreds of thousands of Africans mobilized in the metropolitan army. An even larger number of people brought the service to the service, work to the consumer. African people fought in Pivnichniy Afritsi, in Zakhidniy Europe, At the Close Gathering, in Birm, in Malaya. On the territory of the French colonies there was a struggle between Vichy and henchmen of "Vilya France", which, as a rule, did not lead to the Vichy whistle-blowers.
decolonization of Africa
Pislya Another light movement quickly goes through the process of decolonization of Africa. The rock of Africa - the rock of the greatest number of colonies - the boom of strife in 1960. There are 17 powers in the region. Most of them are French colonies and pedagogical territories of the United Nations, which were known to governing bodies of France: Cameroon, Togo, Malagasy Republic, Congo (the French Congo), Dahomey, Upper Voltaic region , Senegal, Mali. Independent boules were thrown out of the most populous country in Africa - Nigeria, which belonged to Great Britain, and the most for the territory - Belgian Congo. British Somalia and pedagogical Somalia, which was known before the management of Italy, have become united and become a Democratic Republic of Somalia.
1960th changed the whole situation on the African continent. The dismantling of these colonial regimes has already become non-gated. The sovereign powers have voiced the following:
- in 1961, the British Volodymyr Sürra-Leone and Tanganyika;
- in 1962 - Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda;
- in 1963 - Kenia and Zanzibar;
- in 1964 - Pivnichna Rodezia (the yaka called herself the Republic of Zambia, after the name of the rivers Zambezi) and Nyasaland (Malawi); in the same way Tangany and Zanzibar got together, opening the Republic of Tanzania;
- in 1965 - Gambia;
- in 1966 - Bechuanaland became the Republic of Botswana and Basutoland - the Kingdom of Lesotho;
- in 1968 - Mauritius, Equatorial Guinea and Swaziland;
- in 1973 - Guinea-Bisau;
- in 1975 (during the revolution in Portugal) - Angola, Mozambique, Green Misu Islands and Sao Tome and Principes, as well as 3 out of 4 Comoros (Mayotte was deprived of the Volodinians of France);
- in 1977 - the Seychelles, and French Somali became the Republic of Djibouti;
- in 1980 - Pivdenna Rodesia became the Republic of Zimbabwe;
- in 1990 - the secondary territory of the Pivdenno-Western Africa - the Republic of Namibia.
The protesters of the Independence of Kenya, Zimbabwe, Angola, Mozambique and Namibia were overridden by war, insurrection, and partisan struggle. But for the greater African regions, the final stage of the journey without great bloodshed, was the result of mass demonstrations and strikes, the negotiation process, and, according to the period before the adolescent territories, it was the decision of the Organization of the National Assembly.
At the same time, the cordon of the African powers before the hour of the "race for Africa" was carried out piece by piece, without the development of the development of the indigenous peoples and tribes, as well as those, as the traditional African suspension is not ready to become democratic, to succeed rested huge wines... Dictatorships have come to power in Bagatioh lands. The winners, as a result of these regimes, lead to anger up to the rights of the people, bureaucracy, totalitarianism, and, in their turn, lead to a crisis of economy and growth of vitality.
In Danish hour before control European countries to be found:
- Enclaves of Spain in Morocco Ceuta and Melilya, Canary Islands (Spain),
- St. Deer Islands, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha and Chagos Archipelago (Great Britain),
- Reunion, Rosens in the Indian Ocean and Mayotte (France),
- Madeira (Portugal).
The name of the powers
During the period of time, the African countries of the region changed their names for some reason. Tse could be a secession, unification, a snake to the regime, or denying the sovereignty of the country. The phenomenon of changing African names (name the country, special names of people) to represent African identity is called Africanization.
| Front name | pik | exactly name |
| Portuguese Pivdenno-Zahidna Africa | 1975 | Republic of Angola |
| Dahomey | 1975 | Republic of Benin |
| Bechuanaland protectorate | 1966 | Republic of Botswana |
| Republic of Upper Volta | 1984 | Republic of Burkina Faso |
| Ubangi-Shari | 1960 | Central African Republic |
| Republic of Zaire | 1997 | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| middle Congo | 1960 | Republic of the Congo |
| Shore of the Elephant Kistka | 1985 | Republic of Côte d'Ivoire * |
| French Territory Afariv and Issa | 1977 | Republic of Jibuti |
| Spanish Guinea | 1968 | Republic of Equatorial Guinea |
| Abissinia | 1941 | Federal Democratic Republic of the Ethiopia |
| Gold Coast | 1957 | Republic of Ghana |
| part of the French Western Africa | 1958 | Republic of Guinea |
| Portuguese Guinea | 1974 | Republic of Guinea-Bisau |
| Basutoland protectorate | 1966 | Kingdom of Lesotho |
| Nyasaland protectorate | 1964 | Republic of Malawi |
| French Sudan | 1960 | Republic of Mali |
| Nimetska Pivdenno-Zakhidna Africa | 1990 | Republic of Namibia |
| Nimetska Skhidna Africa / Rwanda-Urundі | 1962 | Republic of Rwanda / Republic of Burundi |
| British Somaliland / Italian Somaliland | 1960 | Republic of Somalia |
| Zanzibar / Tanganyika | 1964 | The Republic of Tanzania was announced |
| Buganda | 1962 | Republic of Uganda |
| Pivnichna Rodesia | 1964 | Republic of Zambia |
| Pivdenna Rodesia | 1980 | Republic of Zimbabwe |
* The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire did not hesitate to call its name yak, ale coveted, but in the other movs the name of the country (fr. Elfenbeinküste і etc.).
Geographic Doslidzhennya
David Livingston
David Livingston, having conceived the idea of \ u200b \ u200bvivifying the rivers of the Holy Africa and knowing the natural paths of the continent. Winning a swim across the Zambez, a waterfall of Viktoria, a watercourse of Lake Nyasa, Taganika and the rivers of Lualaba. In 1849, rotsi vin was the first from Europeans, having flown the Kalahari kestrel and up to the lake Ngami. It’s just an hour of your stay to rise in price of winnings when you’re going to see Nil’s rounds.
Genrich Bart
Genrikh Bart, having set up, that Lake Chad is unchaste, was the first to vivify the rock babies of the ancient inhabitants of the Sahari from Europeans and to see his potion about the climate of Pivnichnoy Africa.
Russian glancers
Girskiy engineer, mandrivnik Ugor Petrovich Kovalevskiy helped the Egyptians in the tricks of the generations of gold, vivchav the tributaries of the Blakitny Nilu. Vasil Vasilovich Junker doslidzhuvav the water of the head African rivers - Nil, Congo and Niger.
Geography of Africa
Africa borrows an area of 30.3 million km². The length of the weekend for a day is 8 yew. Km, from the approach to the skid in the private part - 7.5 yew. Km. 
relief
Zdebil'shoy - rural, at the winter-call of the Atlasky mountains, in the Sahara - the Akhaggar and Tibesti mountains. At the descent - Efiopske nagir'ya, on the first day of the New African plateau, the Kilimandzharo volcano (5895 m) - find a point mainland. The Cape and Dragon Hills are on display. Naynizhcha point (157 meters in the lower level of the Svitovoy ocean) is roasted in Dzhibut, in the solon lake Assal. Anu Іfflis, roztashovana at a party to Algeria in the Tel Atlas mountains.
Korisny kopalini
Africa is the first for all its rich lineages of diamonds (PAR, Zimbabwe) and gold (PAR, Ghana, Mali, Republic of Congo). great genera naphtha є in Nigeria and Algeria. Boxing is added to Guinea and Gania. Resources of phosphorites, as well as manganese, gold and lead-zinc ores in the area of the virgin Uzbek coast of Africa.
internal water
In Afritsa, one of the longest rivals in the light - Nil (6852 km), is flown every day for a week. Some of the most popular rivers - tse Niger at the entrance, Congo in central Africa and the rivers of Zambez, Limpopo and Pomarancheva at the weekend.
Naybilshe Lake - Vіktorіya. The Іnshі great lakes - Nyasa and Tanganyika, roztashovanі in lithospheric breaks. One of the largest saline lakes is Lake Chad, roztashovane on the territory of the same state.
climat
Africa is the hottest continent of the planet. The reason for this is geographic development mainland: the entire territory of Africa is located in hot climatic zones and the mainland is overflowed by line. Africa itself is the best place on Earth - Dallol, and the temperature on Earth is fixed (+ 58.4 ° C).
Central Africa and the coastal areas and the Guinean inflow are carried up to the equatorial belt, there, with a stretch of the rocky rock, they fall back and there are no changes in the rock. On the weekends and on the weekends from the equatorial belt, the sub-equatorial belts are worn. There is a lot of fun in the equatorial mass of food (the season of the boards), and the charge is drier in the tropical season (dry season). Winter and for the day of the subquatorial belts of the winter and new tropical belts. They are characterized by high temperatures with a small amount of fallen leaves, as well as a hedgehog until it is approved.
On the weekends, the Sahara hedgehog was rocked on Earth, and the Kalahari hedgehog on the weekends. On the edge of the mainland, it goes up to the upper subtropical belts.
Fauna of Africa, Flora of Africa
The flora of the tropical, equatorial and subquatorial belts is flexible. Everywhere there are virostayut cei-ba, reception, thermal, combretum, brachistegia, izoberlinia, offense, tamarind, crabgrass, chickweed, palms and a lot of them. In the savannah, not a lot of trees and thorny chagarniks (acacia, termіnalіv, bush) are overgrown.
Roslinnity kestrel, navpaki, small grain, is stored from small spits of grasses, chagarniks and trees, which grow in oases, eastern regions, and vodovzh vodi. At the depressions, there are stikes to the salt of the roslini-halophytes. On the most water-free plains and plateaus, you can see grasses, small bushes and trees, stiff to dryness and special. The flora of empty areas is well prone to irregular falloff. The price is to be found in the great versatility of physiological adaptations, the transitions of living, the stem of the fallow and native spirits and strategies of development. Bagatorial dry-dry cereals and chagarniki can grow large and glibok (up to 15-20 m) root system. A lot of grass roses are ephemeral, as you can go round in three days, if you have enough trouble and visibly last for 10-15 days.
In the mountainous regions of the Sahara wilderness, there is a relict Neogene flora, which is often disputed on the Middle Sea, rich in endemics. In the midst of the recreational villages of roslin, which grow in the mountainous regions, there are deyaki vidi olives, cypress and mastic tree. Also presented are species of acacia, tamarisk and polina, doom-palm, oleander, Finik ustivny, thyme, ephedra. In the oases there are fruits, fins, olives and fruit trees, citrus fruits, vegetables. Herbs of dewlines, which grow in the middle of the wilderness, are represented by the genera of the reed, the field grass and millet. On the Uzbek coast of the Atlantic Ocean, the coastal areas and the salty grasses are growing. The development of the combination of the ephemeres is the season for the shepherds, called the ashebam. Water growth occurs near waters.
In Bagatio, empty areas (small rivers, hamadi, small-scale purchases of pisks, etc.) A strong inflow on the height of all regions was made by the people (vipas of thinness, zbir cinnamon roslin, Procurement of the fire і t. P.).
Viznachna Roslina Kestrel Namib - tumboa, or Welwitschia mirabilis. There are two gigantic leaves that grow over the whole life (more than 1000 rockets), which can move 3 meters into a total. Leaves are attached to the stem, which is like a majestic radish of a conic form with a diameter of 60 to 120 centimeters, and wash from the ground by 30 centimeters. Kornnya Velvichiya go into the ground to a depth of up to 3 m. Velvichiya in its building grows in super-dry minds, vikoristyuchi dew and fog as it was mostly dying in theology. Velvichiya - an endemic for the family Namib - is depicted on the sovereign coat of arms of Namibia.
In three large cities, the wilderness grows in the house of Roslin Namib - nara (Acanthosicyos horridus), (endemik), which grows on the perennial dunes. Її fruit store a grub base і dzherelo vologues for bagatiokh animals, African elephants, antelopes, porcupines and іn.
In prehistoric hours in Africa, the most representative of megafauni has been spared. Tropical equatorial and subquatorial belt inhabited by adaptive ssavts: okapi, antelopes (dukeri, bongo), pygmy hippopotamus, kisteuhay pig, warthog, galago, mawpi, flying squirrel () ... Nowhere in the light of such a great number of great creatures, like in the African savannah: elephants, hippos, levi, giraffe, leopardi, cheetah, antelope (canni), zebra, mawpie, ptah-secretary, guinea, African ostrich. Deyakі elephants, Kaffa buffaloes and bіlі rhinos live only in reserves. 
Sered ptahiv are fertile gray, Turak, guinea fowl, ptah-nosorig (kalao), cockatoo, marabou.
Reptiles and amphibians of the tropical equatorial and subquatorial belt- mamba (one of the most branched snakes in the light), crocodile, pithon, tree frogs, tree frogs and marmor toads.
among the Vologians climatic zones The widened painter's mosquito and the tsetse fly, as well as in the family, as well as in savts.
Ecology
At the fall of 2009 GreenPeace published a call, in which it is meant that two villages in Niger not far from mines with a uranium vid of the French transnational company Areva may not be safe high r_ven radio. The main ecological problems of Africa: Desolation is the problem of the private part, the virus of tropical forests is in the central part.
politics
In Africa, 55 countries and 5 self-voiced and non-knowledgeable powers have been rooted. Most of them for a long time were booted by the colonies of the European powers and the independence of the latter in the 50-60s of the 20th century was reduced. Until the end of the independent boulevards tilki Egypt (from 1922), Efiopia (from the hour of Serednyovichchya), Liberia (from 1847 to rock) and PAR (from 1910 to rock); In the PAr and Pivdennoi Rodezia (Zimbabwe), right up to the 80s and 90s of the 20th century, there was an apartheid regime, discrimination to the indigenous (black) population. In Danish hour in Bagatyokh African lands to rule the regime, discrimination according to the old population. Signs of the prelude organization of Freedom House, in the rest of the rock In the African regions (for example, in Nigeria, Mauritania, Senegal, Congo (Kinshasa) and Equatorial Guinea), there is a tendency to move towards democratic ones towards authoritarianism.
On the winter continent, the territories of Spain (Ceuta, Melilla, Canary Islands) and Portugal (Madeira) are roasted.
| Lands and territories |
Area (km) |
population |
Population area |
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| Algeria | ||||
| Egypt | ||||
| Zakhidna Sahara | ||||
| Livia | ||||
| Mauritania | ||||
| Mali | ||||
| Morocco | ||||
| Niger | 13 957 000 | |||
| Sudan | ||||
| Tunis | ||||
| Chad |
N'Djamena |
Spanish and Portuguese territories in Pivnichniy Afritsi:
| Lands and territories |
Area (km) |
population |
Population area |
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| Canary Islands (Spain) |
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
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| Madeira (Portugal) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melilia (Spain) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ceuta (Spain) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small Sovereign Territories (Spain) |
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