Zalizna ore - types, characteristics, main genera in the territory of the Russian Federation and in the world. Great Radianska encyclopedia - ore family
Zaliznі ore serve as the main syruvina for the production of ferrous metals. Gold ore resources of Russia are represented by burim, chervony, or hematite ores, magnetic gold ores, or magnetite ores, etc. Yakisna characteristic їх development. In Russia, there are reserves of yak single volatile ores, in which they accumulate between 25-40%, as well as abundant reserves in the range of 50 to 69%.
For reserves of gold ores, Russia has been loaned to a certain place in the world. Balance reserves of the country will become 55.6 billion tons. The estimated rate will become 2 trillion dollars. USA.
Loan resources are unevenly distributed across the territory of Russia. 79%, or 44 billion tons, of the balance reserves of open ores fall on the European part of the country and the Urals. Most developed stocks of soil reduction in the Central Black Earth Region, in the Urals, in Western and Shidny Siberia.
Near the European part of the land, the greatest is the gold ore basin of the Curonian Magnetic Anomaly (KMA). Vin is located on the territory of Bilgorodskiy, Kurskiy and partly Voronez and Oryol regions. The pool borrows an area of about 180 yew. Km2. The balance reserves of volatile ores are becoming close to 43.4 billion tons. The ore of KMA is deposited mainly from saline quartzites (versus gold to the middle 32%) and high-grade hematite ores (versus 56-62%). A commercial vid of saline ores is being conducted in Bilgorodskiy and Kursk regions The main part of the reserves of rich ores (genera Yakovlevskoe, Mikhaylivske, Lebedinske and Stoylensky). The most economical and geographic location of the basin, closeness to industrial districts
The balance reserves of the hard ores of the European Pivnoch (Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia) become 2.8 billion tons, or 5% of the balance reserves of the hard ores of the country.
The ancestors of the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia may have reserves of magnetite, titanomagnetite ores and gold quartzite. Rudy, with a reasonable amount of money (28-32%), is good to go. There are few changes in the amount of phosphorus in the ore, so that it can be added to the quality of the metal. Most of the genera in the Murmansk region are Kovdorskoe and Olenegorskoe, in Karelia - Kostomukshskoe, the development of which is carried out in Finland.
ancestry of the Ural to stretch in wide swamp from winter to winter parallel to the Ural mountain ridge. Smells distributed on the territory of the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk and Orenburz regions. The balance reserves of gold ores in the Urals become close to 14 billion tons, while the warehouse is 16.7% of the balance reserves of gold ore.
In the Pivnichny Ural, lay the gold ore in the Pivne and Theological groups of ancestors, in the Middle Urals - in the Tagilo-Kushvin and Kachkanar groups, in the Khyvden-Ural - in the Baikalsk The main part of the reserves in the Ural ores (70%) is sown in the Kachkanar group of the Sverdlovsk region, de-lagging titanomagnetite ores. The stench is known to the people, a little more easily reversible, to the middle, close to 17% of saline, and also vanadium and insignificant number of small houses (gray and phosphorus). The genera are developed in an open manner and by the base of metallurgy enterprises in the Middle Urals.
The reserves of the Urals have been significantly violated by the present hour. Thus, the resources of the ancestors' gir Magnitna and Grace were selected. That is why, in the daytime, a part of the ore sirovini will come to the Urals from the first regions of the land (KMA) and the land of SND (Kazakhstan).
V Zakhidny Sibir navazhivіshі zalіzorodnі genera roztashovanі in Girskiy Shorіya (Kemerovo region) and Girskiy Altai (Altai Territory and Republic of Altai). Їх reserves are becoming over 1.8 billion tons, or 3.2% of the reserves in the whole country. Rudy Girskaya Shoriya magnetite. The middle vmіst zaliza in them is in the range of 40-50%. The main part of the reserves of ores of the Girskaya Shoriya zoserezhena in Temirtau, Tashtagol, Shalim and other ancestors. The ore can be obtained both by the open and by the underground method. Vidobuvny ore є sirovinnoy base of the Kuznetsk metallurgical combine and Zakhidno-Siberian metallurgical plant. The genera of magnetite ores in the Western Siberia have emerged and in the territory Altai Territory(Нskoi and Biloritske family).
The balance reserves of the hard ores of the Skhidnoye Siberia will rise to 5.3 billion tons, or 9.5%. Їx genera are found in the Angara region, Kuznetsk Alatau, in Khakassia and in Transbaikalia.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory has the Angara-Pitskiy Basin. Medium vmіst zalіza in ore syagaє 40%. Rudy is mostly refractory, difficult enrichment. Most of the genera in the basin - Nizhnyoangarsk і Іshіmbinskoe.
Angaro-Іlimsk pool in Irkutsk region includes two great ancestors - Korshunovskiy and Rudnogorsk. Rudy may be made to change instead of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, which allows them to be self-melting and easily enriched.
The Republic of Khakassia has such great genera of gold ores, such as Abakanskoe, Teyskoe, Irbinskoe, Krasnokamensk. Є a number of ancestors in the Chita region.
8% of the balance reserves of the hard ores of the land fall on the Dalekiy Skhid, the origin of the hard ores in the Khabarovsk Territory, in the Amur Region, the Primorsky Territory, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The main part of it (80%) was repaired in the Pivdenny Yakutia in the Pivdenno-Aldansky and Charoit-Tokinsky gold-ore regions.
The availability of significant reserves of open-cast ores on the Dalekoy Go down the path for development in the future on the third territory of the power metallurgical base.
Russia has large reserves of color metal ores. Due to their peculiarity, they are rich in components and superbly low visibility for metal to take revenge in them. This ore may be more common in all colour metals. For the reserves of ores of color metals, Russia is loaned to a certain place in the world. The value of the reserves of ores of colore and ferrous metals will become 1.8 trillion dollars. USA. The main stocks are distributed on the territory of the Urals, Western and Shidny Siberia, Distant Descent and other regions of the country.
ore genera
Ore genera, the purchase of ore loads (bodies) on the surface, or in the nadra of the Earth, behind their own sizes, which are the minds of the laggards of the adjuncts for industrial production. R .. are stored in one or more decilkoh ore tl, which can be sold spirally. R. m. geological processes, like molding earth crust (Div. Generic species of korisnoy copalini). When ore mining is formed, stages and stages of ore mining are seen. The stage of ore mining is the period of an hour, during which the accumulation of ore-forming minerals in the storage warehouse is increased in the case of a large minority of stable geological and physical-chemical minds, due to changes in the interruption of minerals. The interruption between the stages of ore mining will lead to a tectonic calm, which ends at the ear of a new stage of tectonic deformation and openings of ore emptying, which are superfluous in the course of unevenly crushed stages. For a number of stages of ore mining, there are genera of simple - one-stage and folding - large-scale stages. The initial number of stages in the form of a mine is called mineral generations. Such generators have a mineral warehouse that can be flexible, but they can be repetitive. A trivial period of mineral accumulation, which is a single row of the last stages and it goes down to one genetic process, is called the stage of ore mining. Name the ore of one R. of m.Lay one stage of mineral accumulation, more and more. For example, in the upper parts of the ore storage there may be a mineral mass of the primordial hydrothermal stage (div. Hydrothermal genera) and the stage, poured with secondary oxidized ore near the surface of the Earth (div. Zone of oxidized genera). The ore load can also be formed in the same way as the inheritance of the decile stages of the same type of process, but rather to follow the different epochs of the geological history (div. Zonality of ore genera, metallogenic epochs). Sered R. m. Vidіlyayut genera of blacks, legends, coloric, noble, native, radioactive metals, as well as rosy elements. Up to R. m. Black metals are found in the genera of zaliz, manganese, chromium, titanium and vanadium. The reserves of the greatest of them store millions of tons of metal, which are within reach of dozens of decils. Generic ore genera are the best and most versatile for the minds of education. The most significant of them are the metamorphogenic hematites and magnetites of the genus of gold quartzites of the Precambrian period (Krivorizkiy zalizudny basin, Kursk magnitna anomaly in SRSR, Upper Lake zalizudny region in the USA, Labrador zalidny region in the United States). Important promises are the sieges of the Buro-Zheleznyakov, the Sideritic and Zalizovo-Chlorite genera of the Kerch Gold Ore Basin in the SRSR. Among the genera of manganese ores, there are sediments of oxide and carbonate ores, up to which lie the Nykopolska genus in Ukraine and Chiaturskoe in Georgia. Significant metamorphosis of the ancestors of India, Africa, Brazil and ін. All promises of the genus of chromium (div. Chromovi ores) are carried to magmatic statements (Urals in the SRSR, Pivdenna Africa, India, Turechchina, etc.). The industry of the purchase of titanium ores is genetically linked to the basic and puddle rocks (SRCP, USA, Canada, ARU, PAR, etc.). Vanadium ores are added from magmatic vanadium-containing titanomagnetite and sedimentary vanadium and vanadium-containing loads. R. m. Light metals are represented by genera of aluminum. The main source of aluminum ores є bauxity, a kind of which lie in the mouths of measles vivitryuvannya and marine litter (div. Rodovischa vivitryuvannya and Osadovy ancestry). Paleozoic genera of bauxites є in the Urals (div. Severouralsky boxing area) and on the Skhidno-European platform. Vіdoma Seredzemomorska province of bauxites and Australian provinces of bauxites of the Mesozoic Vіku. Cenozoic genera of bauxites zoseredzheni in tropical belt Africa, India, Guiani and other cities. To non-boxy aluminum ores, there are genera of kyanite, alunite, nepheline and clays, with a large folding technology and a large variety of metal. Up to R. m. Color metals are known from the genus midi, lead and zinc, cobalt, nickel, and surmi. Stocks of metals in the greatest of them reach from tens to hundreds of million tons, with a dramatic change of metals in ore - only a few units. Significant number mіdnoї ore Recognize from the stratiform genera of the midst of the mountains and slates, up to which lie in the SRSR - Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan, Udokan in Siberia; beyond the cordon - the ancestors of Pivdennoi Africa, Poland and in. A great dzherel also serve as hydrothermal stockworks of the so-called porphyry ores (Kounrad in Kazakhstan, Almalik in Uzbekistan, Kajaran in Virmenia, a series of genera of Cordillera and Andes in the borders of Canada, USA, Chile, Bolivia). It is also possible to get from volcanogenic pyrite (Urals in the USSR, Spain, Turechchina, FRN, etc.) and hydrothermal vein genera (Zangezur in the Virmensky RSR, Butte in the USA and in.). Significant amount of metal is found in the destruction of magmatic sulfide copper-nickel genera of the Norilsk ore region and Pechenga in the SRSR, Sadbury in Canada. Lead and zinc in nature are developed to grow up spirally at the warehouse of polymetallic ores. A great role among them is played by the stratiform stratal formation of the genera in carbonate rocks, up to which lie Zhairem and Mirgalimsai in Kazakhstan, the Mississippi Valley of the lead-zinc genera of the USA, the ancestry of the Upper Silesia in Poland and others. In addition, lead-zinc ore can be extracted from volcanogenic pyrites (Rudny Altai in the SRSR, Mount Isa in Australia and in.), Hydrothermal metasomatic genera in carbonate rocks (Dalnegorskoe in the Far East region of the United States; , Mexico, Yugoslavia and ін.), Hydrothermal vein genera (in the SRSR - Sadon in the Caucasus; beyond the cordon - in the USA, Australia, Czechoslovakia, NDR, etc.). The head of the mass of cobalt and nickel will get from magmatic sulfide minerals and nickel genera (Norilsk, Pechenga in the SRSR, Sadberi, Thompson in Canada), as well as from the ancestry of the Kaluga region, ... (Div. Cobalt ores and nickel ores). All genera of surmian ores are referred to hydrothermal plastoids (Kadamdzhai and in. In Central Asia of the USSR, in the PRC) and veins (Saraliev in Yakutia and in.). Typical for R. m. Ridkikh metals є genus tin, tungsten, molybdenum, mercury, beryl, tantalum and niobium. most stocks they reach hundreds of yews. t, when there is metal in the ore, it is not 1%. Significant number tin ore go with the development of hydrothermal sulfide-cassiterite and quartz-cassiterite genera, seen in the USSR on Kolyma, in the Primorsky Territory, in Transbaikalia, and beyond the cordon in Bolivia, GDR, Great Britain and others. In addition, tin is sold from the rosters, most of the houses in the lands of the Pacific Islands. Tungsten ores in the hydrothermal vein and stockwork wolframite (SRSR - Transbaikal, Kazakhstan; beyond the cordon - PRC, Birma, Bolivia and in.), And also in the skarn Caucasus in the USA, Birmi, DPRK, etc.). Molybdenum ore is used during the exploitation of stockwork and vein hydrothermal genera (in the SRSR - Krasnoyarsk Territory, Transbaikal, Kazakhstan; beyond the Klaimax cordon in the USA and in.), And also skarn of the Caucasus type Tirniauza (SRSR) All mercury ore is found in hydrothermal genera, in the middle of the most significant layers of mercury ore, in the USSR (Donbas, Middle Asia) and beyond the cordon (Spain, Italy, China, Yugoslavia). Among the versatile dzherels of beryl ores are the most common genera of pegmatites and hydrothermal quartz and fluorites with beryl, greisen and skarn from gelvin and phenakite, volcanogenous gelatinous fluorite-fluorite-volcanic Tantalum ores and niobivi ores are added from magmatic genera of the middle nepheline sinites, carbonatites, albite and pegmatites. Up to R. m. Noble metals carry the genera of gold, platinum metals and medium. Most of the stocks are highly variable and reach dozens of yews. T і zvіyuyutsya vimіryuyutsya dozens - hundreds t zmіst, for example, gold rarely changes 10 g / t (0.001%). The most widening type of gold ores - gold-bearing quartz and in the warehouse of hydrothermal lived and stockworks, in the USSR (on a typical convergence, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Urals, in Kazakhstan, in the Middle in the Caucasus) my role a line of gold from volcanogenic hydrothermal complex gold-silver ores, located in the boundaries of the Pacific geosinklinal belt in the territory of the USSR, Canada, USA, Chile, Peru, Bolivia. The origin of gold is unique in the Precambrian conglomerates of Vitvatersrand, which gives more than half of the light type of metal and more geologists can be seen as an ancient metamorphic rosip. Platinum metals are mainly added during the development of metal complex igneous sulfide ores of the type of Norilsk ore region in the SRSR or Sadbury in Canada (div. Platinum ore). Up to R. m. Radioactive metals overlap the genus of uranium (radio) and toria. The stocks of the head center - uranium in the vicinity of the ancestral lands - are stored in thousands - tens of yews. T (a little more) with a snaily metal in ore, twisted by ten parts of a hundred. the middle of the ancestors uranium ore Velmi іstotna role of hydrothermal and sedimentary. Top ores are tightly tied with granite tones and puddles; the head part of the metal should enter the warehouse of accessory minerals (monazite, zircon, xenotema, orthita). A part of it accumulates in pegmatites, a part is concentrated at the same time with the ores of Sn, Pb, Zn, Ag, Co, Ni, U і ін. R. of m. Rozsiyanykh elements enter the warehouse of genera of Sedimentogenny, endogenous and metamorphogenic sulfur and vytyagyutsya as an additional product during processing of ores (div. Roses of ore elements). R. of the m. Natural earth elements of the chain and yttrium group in connection with the magmatic, pegmatite, carbonate, albite, hydrothermal and plant species of the colorectaceous, parent metal and radioactive Lit.: Magakyan. R., Ore family, 2 species., Er., 1961; A park. F., Mak-Dormid R.A., Ore family, trans. from English, M., 1966; Smirnov. I., Geology of Korisnykh kopalini, 2 vidavnitstva., M., 1969; Kotlyar V.N., Fundamentals of the theory of ore mining, M., 1970. V. І. Smirnov.
There are some industrial types of hard ores:
Titanium-magnetite and ilmenite-titanomagnetite in basites and ultrabases
Apatite-magnetites in carbonatites
Magnetite and magnetite-magnetite in skarns
Magnetite-hematite in the green quartzite
Martite and martite-hydrogematite (bagati ore, set on the val_zny quartzite)
· Goetite-gidrogetitovie in korі vivіtryuvannya.
Most generous genera of gold ore in Russia: Bakcharskoe zaliznoy ore generic The whole ancestry is one of the most similar genera of gold ore in Russia and the world. It is located on the territory of the Tomsk region in the middle of the river Andorma and Іksa. The ancestry of Bulo vidkrito vipadkovo during the development of naphtha ancestors in the 1960s. Bakcharovskoe ore ore family occupies an area of 16 thousand km2. Zalizorudnі osіtіvіy be located on glybinі from 190 to 220 meters. Rudy will win up to 57% of the deposit, as well as the houses of the others chemical elements(Phosphorus, vanadium, paladin, gold and platinum). Vmіst zaliza in zbagachenoi ore reachє 95-97%. The reserves of gold ore for this territory are estimated at 28.7 billion tons. In this hour, new technologies for the development of births will be introduced. The vidobutok of ore will be transferred not in a kar'ernim way, but behind the additional gidrovidobutku. Abagasskoe ore ore genus Abagassk ore ore ore ore family grows in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 186 km to the west of the Abakan town on the territory of Minusinsk ulica and Kuznetsk Alatau. The family was born in 1933, but only 50 years later. Rudy here is mainly magnetite, high-alumina, magnesial. The main ore mineral here is magnetite, and the other row is Mushketova, hematite, pyrite. The Abagas ore ore family is divided into two zones: Pivdenna (dovzhina ponad 2600 m) and Pivnichna (2300 m). The balance reserves of open ores become 73 million tons. The distribution is carried out in an open manner. The total average voucher is 4.4 million tons of ore with a bulk of 28.4%. Abakan ore ore family Abakan ore ore ore family grows in Khakassia, near the place of Abaza. It is located in the village of Zakhid Sayan. Vіdkrito in 1856 rotsі, a collection of which bore the name "Abakanska Grace". From 1947 to 1959, the enterprises were prompted to process ore processing and storage of ores. From 1957 to 1962, the ancestry was broken up in a critical way, and then underground (the mine was 400 m long).
Curse of Magnetic Anomaly Curse of Magnetic Anomaly is the most important in the light pool. Load ore on the territory of 200-210 milliard tons, so to become close to 50% of the world's ore reserves. Vona roztashovutsya in the main on the territory of the Kursk, Bulgorod and Oryol regions. In the last hour of the Curonian Magnetic Anomaly, an area of 160 thousand km2 is covered in size, and the territory of nine regions is flooded with the Center and the Party of the Land. The prospective reserves of high-grade valiant ores of the unique basin become abundant in millions of tons, and of the saline quartzites - practically unacceptable. Magnetic anomalies in the whole region of the city began to appear in the 18th century, but for a possible reason - the charges of magnetic ore, they started talking only in the last century. Bagati Rudi Buli Vidkriti in 1931 Rots. The area is close to 120 thousand km2. Rudy: magnetite quartzite, rich gold ore in the cortex of the growth of gold quartzite. Stocks of saline quartzite at 25 milliard tonnes with a bulk of 32-37% and at least 30 milliard tonnes of high-grade ores (52-66% saline). The ancestors are developed both in the open and in the subterranean ways. Prior to the warehouse of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, there is the Prioskolskiy Zal Ore Ore family and the CHORNYANS'Kiy Zaliz Ore Ore family.