For reserves of gold ores, the Russian Federation will be held in the future
Vіdomі bіlsh nіzh in 130 countries. per Russian dzherel(DNVP "Aerogeology"), in the end of the XX century. (1998) the sum of the most recent and forecast resources in the world is estimated at 1,424 billion tons. Of these, 31.5% are in America's nadra, Europe - 30.4%, Asia - 16.3%, Australia and Oceania - 12.3% and Africa - 9.5%. The largest resources of gold ore may be Russia - 264 billion tons, Brazil - 200 billion tons, Australia - 165 billion tons, USA - 110 billion tons, India - 100 billion tons, Canada - 100 billion tons, China - 90 billion tons The main reserves of gold ore are in 95 regions. The stench becomes 302.3 billion tons, including 172.9 billion tons (57.2%).
Great reserves (more than 3 billion tons) are in 11 countries: Russia, Canada, Brazil, China, Ukraine, Australia, USA, Kazakhstan, India, PAR, Sweden. Їх the total part of the industrial reserves will become 79.7% (170.1 billion tons). Rospodil developed stocks in the region between the countries of the world with Ukrainian dzherels (f-l " Mineral resources Ukraine ", 2000 r) іnshy (fig.)
More than 71% of the hardened reserves in the gold are associated with the metamorphogenic genera of magnetite-hematite ores in the Precambrian quartzite and shale. This stench is localized in the great gold ore pools. Generic types of development in Ukraine, India, Russia, Australia, PAR, Gabon, Guinea, Canada, USA, Venezuela, Brazil.
In genera of hydrogetite-chamosite-siderite ores, 11.4% of industrial reserves are taken up. Genera of a widening type in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Russia, China, Australia, in the lands of the Western Skhidnoi Europe, in the territory Pivnichnoi in Africaі USA. The contact-metasomatic and hydrothermal-metasomatic genera of the fallen trees account for 7.3% of the fresh food reserves. Most of them are seen in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turechchina, Iran and other countries of Asia and Africa, as well as in the USA, Peru and Chile. The genera of magmatogenic apatite-magnetite and ilmenite-titanomagnetite ores, which account for 6.5% of industrial reserves, are found in the provinces of Europe and Pivnichnoy. Africa. Most recent developments in Russia, Switzerland, Tanzania, Uganda and PAR.
2. Along the edges
Russia. For the vast and solid reserves of gold for the first time in the world of Russia. There are 192 tribes here, 172 of which have balance reserves. There are 187 genera lie up to the vasne gold ore. Out of the bulk of the developed reserves 7.6 billion tons (13.4% of all reserves of the A + B + C1 categories) are represented by ores, which average 60-65% of saline. Tsi ore can be a victorian promislovistyu without a bagachennya. On the ore, wimagayut simple schemes storage (magnetic separation), 45,700,000,000 tons (80.3%), and less than 3.6 billion tons (6.3%) of ore, can be used for storage from storage of folding technologies. The balance reserves of Russia, behind the country for 1998, become: A + B + C1 categories - 56.8 billion tons, C2 categories - 43.8 billion tons. In the Pivnichniy Region, the reserves of the region have become 2.6 billion tons, or 4.6% of the developed reserves of the gold ore of the region. In the Central Black Earth Region, on 19 genera, 59.5% of total agricultural reserves (33.8 billion tons) of gold ore in Russia are harvested. As much as all stench (99.9% of the region's reserves) is found in the boundaries of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA).
Of the number of developed reserves, 20.8% are stored in large quantities of martite-hydrohematite and siderite-martite ores, not in the form of waste, 72.5% - magnetite quartzite (including 8.5% - oxidized). The exploitation of all genera, for the sake of canopy Korobkovsky, carried out in an open manner. The Ural region has 15.8% of harvested reserves (9.0 billion tons) in 74 genera. Approximately 90% of the developed reserves are located in titanomagnetite and skarn-magnetite genera of lightweight, alluvial (75.3% of reserves - with a large deposit in ores up to 16.7%) titanomagnetite ores from.
OK. 9% of the developed ores are in the complex technology of extraction. The pit of the container of the open type of gold ore in the Urals becomes 70%. Zakhidno-Sibirskiy and Skhidno-Sibirskiy regions have a growing share of 3.3% (1.8 billion tons) and 9.0% (5.1 billion tons) of Russian developed reserves. V Zakhidny Sibir 13 genera of skarn type were developed. Zaliznyak in the main magnetite and magnetite, instead of 20-50%, it is good to use the method of magnetic separation. A part of the ores of the Tashtagol tribe vikoristovutsya yak blast furnace ore without zbagachennya. Significant part of the gold ore in the region is obtained by the underground method. The Skhidno-Siberian region has a total of seven gold ore and 39 genera with balance reserves of gold ore.
More than a third of the developed reserves are represented by light-rich skarn-magnetite ores and magnetite quartzites. The exploitation of the ancestors is carried out in an open and subterranean way. The Far East Region has 7.8% (4.5 billion tons) of developed reserves of Russian gold ore. There are 14 genera with developed reserves of gold ore, which are located in chotir ore regions. The ancestors are in the reserve.
In Australia A large part of the outlying and industrial reserves of gold ore is localized in the boundaries of the gold ore basin Hamersli (state of Zahidna Australia). Here, hematite ores are re-fermented into saline quartzites, which are known to have been recovered as a result of hypergenic processes. The average volume in them varies from 64.2% to 67%, and on some dalyankas the ore is represented by pure hematite - here it is up to 70%. As a result of the revival and further conversion of gold quartzites and hematite ores, hematite conglomerates have been established. Vmіst zalіza in them reachє 60%. It is a great practical interest to present limonite pizolity ore. The smell is stored from limonite, goethite and small quantities of hematite. Vmіst zaliza in the whole type of ore - 53.0-56.5%. Rudy of all ancestors of Australia is distributed in an efficient way, not to waste.
In Ukraine- for the materials of the State Information Geological Fund, reserves of categories A + B + C1 are not broken up, estimated at 26.1 billion tons, and category C2 - at 4.3 billion tons, reserves of categories A + B + C1, 17700 are broken up, are stored million tons, category C2 - 2.7 billion tons. In total, 53 genera of gold ore have been developed in the country, 30 (58.6% of developed reserves, 2006); there are 18 mines and 11 kar'ariv. The main part of the stocks of the soil is in the boundaries of the Krivorizky basin. Among the ores of the genera of the whole basin, there is a bagati (magnetite and hematite-magnetite from the middle volume of 58.1%) and from the base (the amount of quartzite from the middle volume of 33.3%). Clan families are being developed in the Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizka regions, until 1992 the "tyutyunov" rud of the Kerch basin was also explored.
The main industrial type є bagati martite ore in gross quartzite, as well as hematite ore and brown zaliznyak. As a rule, in metallurgy, the stench comes up without sagging, the part that passes through the magnetic separation is insignificant. Approximately 75% of the saline ore is processed in a transparent way і approx. 25% - underground.
The main employers are: - development and transfer of oxidized quartzites (Inguletske is the base of oxidized ores) to the industrial development of new genera; - vivchennya gіdrogeologіchnih minds pіvdennoї Chastain Krivbasu for vzhittya efektivnosti zahodіv on borotbі of vodoprіlіvami - vivchennya vuzkih zones Luzhny metasomatosis on zalіzorudnih rodovischah, SSMSC mozhut Buti Jerel vidobutku skandіyu, vanadіyu abo rіdkіsnih land - pіdgotovka smallest in rodovisch visokoyakіsnih legkozbagachuvanih magnetite kvartsitіv in Krivbasі (dalekі zahіdnі smog, right bank magnetic anomalies) and Priazov.
IN THE USA Significant part of the vidobutku zaliznoї ore carried out at the ancestors of the area of the lake. Upper close to the cordon in Canada. A large number of reserves of high-grade ores (with an average volume of 50-58%) are also available throughout the year. For the development of low-grade ore stocks, 2.6-6 billion tons of storage have been surpassed. Development is carried out by underground and open-source methods. Significant reserves of zaliznoy ore (0.9-2 billion tons) of zooseredzhene in the ancestors of the Birmingemsky district. The ore is deposited with more hematite oolites and in the middle account for 35% of the saline.
In Canada the main part of reserves of gold ore, knitted from gold quartzites, is localized in the largest gold-ore region of Labrador-New Quebec in the borders of the Labrador depression and up to approx. 1200 km, width from 15 to 100 km (in the middle 60 km). There are genera of high-grade hematite ores near the private part of the trap. The middle vmist in the ores of the zaliza is 50% -61%, in manganese - 0.29-7.64%. The part of emerging resources in the zaliznoy ore is overloaded in genera near the lake Nob Lake, de smuga widening of golden quartzite is up to 130 km long with a width of up to 10 km. In ancestors, roztashovanyh in the first part of the trap, the quality of ores is low. Instead of balancing in them, there are 31.4 - 37% between them. The vidobutok is conducted in an efficient manner, ore storage is not carried out using folding technologies.
Brazil most genera of development in the state of Minas Gerais, in the boundaries of the so-called "gold ore chotirikutnik".
In China the number (bl. 2000) genera of zaliznykh roztashovani in the general and ancient parts of the country. Quartzite zalizist ores. The main ore mineral is magnetite, one with the house hematite. In the middle of the saline quartzite in the middle 31-34%, in the high-grade ores - up to 50-60%. Development of ancestry vidkrit. For evaluations of fahivts, approx. 1,700 gold ore genera in the land are not developed through low salinity (in the middle bl. 32%) and high, high ore houses - aluminum and phosphorus in ores.
Kazakhstani- in 1991, the mill was raised 8,800,000,000 tons of gold ore of categories A + B + C1 and 16.6 billion tons of category C2. 55.7% of all the developed reserves of the land are lightweight magnetite ore. Smells of zooseredzheni in unique genera of skarn-magnetite type.
Have couples The number of reserves of gold ore is tied from gold quartzites. Significant reserves of gold ore are stored in complex ores.
In Sweden the base of gold ore industry є genus of magmatogenic apatite-magnetite ores. Medium vmist zaliza in ores - 51%. Rudy is of average enrichment. The vidobutok is conducted underground.
Div. also
literature
The Crimea regions, included up to Table 7, have significant reserves of avalanche ores in Canada, France, Venezuela, Great Britain.
Boksiti is a smut aluminum-containing syruvine, which is stored in the main hydroxides of aluminum. The genera are found in the sedimentary rocks and are very much tied with measles vivitryuvannya dylyankas, moreover, they are rostered in the boundaries of the tropical and subtropical climatic belts... The number of head boxing provinces includes Seredzemnomorska in Europe, Gvineyska in Afrits, Karibska in Latin Americaі Pivnichno-Australian. The general geological resources of bauxite should be estimated at approximately 250 billion tons, and the development of their reserves - at 20-30 billion tons. nai great reserves bauxite in May of the country: Guinea, Australia, Brazil, Jamaica, India, China, Guyana, Surinam. Alumina in bauxite is approximately the same as in avalanche ores Therefore, the reserves of bauxite, as well as the reserves of hard ores, should be estimated by ore, and not by the cinnamic component.
Calling innaksheyde on the right with the ores of the black, color and light metals. Oskilki instead of metal in them is much smaller (from 1 to 10% and less), їkh stocks should be estimated not by ore, but rather by nіy metal. With a large amount of development, reserves of chromium and manganese ores are stored in 5-6 billion tons, mineral, zinc, lead - from 100 million to 600 million, and tin, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt - from 1 million to 10 million tons.
Among the uncomplicated brown copalins, the great sizes of reserves are seen as kitchen and kaliyna salt, phosphorite, and sirka.
Statistical dzherela allow to adjust the mineral-syruvine potential economically rozvinenikh lands I enter, land, which is developing into a land with a transitional economy. To the Lands The first place should be found for the developed reserves of gold, manganese and chromium ores, as well as uranium, lead and zinc. The part of the country that is developing is especially large in the reserves of naphtha (up to 80%), bauxite (77%), tin and diamonds (60-65%), as well as midi (53%). The land with the transitional economy is seen as great reserves natural gas and gold ore (50%). In approximately equal proportions, all three groups of the land may stock up on nickel, molybdenum, and silver.
From the country with a transitional economy, the most abundant mineral fire and Siberian Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine.
For the children of the Ministry natural resources RF, the potential value of the participation of the Russian nadr nini estimate at 28 trillion. dollars (including 32% for natural gas, 23% for vugilya, 16% for naphtha, and 14% for metal ores). Without question, the resource potential of Russia is great. natural minds, From the distance from the main districts with the living of the fire and the sea and the sea ports. As a result, from 1/3 to 2/3 of all balance reserves in the minds of the market economy of the other countries appear to be unprofitable.
1 For the tribute of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, in the territory of the region it was announced about 20 thousand. The genera of cinnamon copalins, of which 37% were introduced into industrial development. Great and unique genera (close to 5% of the number) take in 70% of the developed stocks and 50% of the stock of mineral water. A part of Russia in the oil reserves of naphtha to become 9-10%, natural gas - 27, vugilla - 16, zaliza - 37, lead - 10, zinc - 15, hot salts - 31%. For the development of reserves of nickel, gold, silver, platinum, diamonds, and some other cinnamon copals, Russia is the third place in the world. However, the purity of the ores of cinnamon copalins in general across Russia in bagatokh in the fall is quite different from the overseas counterparts.
In addition to balance sheet reserves, Russia has great predictable resources.
Kinets of robots -
Qia theme should be distributed:
THEME 4: GEOGRAPHY OF SVITOVIKH NATURAL RESOURCES. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS THAT THE FUNERAL OF THE NAVKOLISHNY MEDIUM
Lecture ... THEME GEOGRAPHY OF HOLY NATURAL RESOURCES IN ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND FUNERAL ...
If you need additional material on this topic, for you didn’t know those who were joking, it is recommended to make a quick joke on our base of robots:
We will be robbed with material:
As soon as the material has appeared cinnamon for you, you can save it to your side in social framing:
| Tweet |
All those given to the distribution:
FIRST TEN CRANES for the development of natural gas reserves
Analysis of Tables 5 shows that 27% of the newly developed reserves of natural gas fall on
NAYBILSHI GASOVI MATERNITY OF SVITU
* Morske family. ** At the stage of development. Uranium is widespread
Naphtha and gas species-giganti in the Persian inflow zone
Zagalnovidomo, as a great role in the economy of the territories of the Persian inflow of the gra naphtha statehood. To finish telling you that a piece of naphtha in export hopes will become Qatar and Bahrain 2
GIGANTSKI І UNIKALNI NAFTOVI NATURAL FAMILY BASEYNU PERSKOЇ ZATOKI
The naphtha family of Gavar (Gkhavar) is not only used by the ones on the Blizky and Middle Pid
Oil and gas basin of the Pivnichny sea
The oil-and-gas-bearing basin of the Pivnichny Sea covers an area of 660 thousand rubles. Km2. Shooting and development robots in the aquatic sea roared in the middle of the 60s. XX Art. and bully wiklican for two reasons
DYNAMIKA VIDOBUTKU NAFTI ON SHELFІ PIVNICHNOGO SEA, mln.T
The data of table 9 allow the creation of three mutually crocheted vivod. Perche, about those up to the middle
Svitovi resources of geothermal energy
In the lithosphere, resources are tied not only to the traditional types of mineral fire, but also to such an alternative type of energy, like the warmth of earthly overheads. Dzherela geothermal energy can be bought
Є stocks of both common gold ores, in which they accumulate in the boundaries of 25-40%, as well as abundant reserves of up to 68%.
Loan resources are unevenly distributed across the territory of Russia. The main part of reserves of gold ores is deposited on the European part of the land.
Main halls of genera and pools
Gold ore basin of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA).
Vin is located on the territory of Bulgorod and Kursk, as well as Voronez and Oryol regions. The pool borrows an area of about 180 yew. Km 2. The balance reserves of volatile ores become close to 43.4 billion tons. The ore of KMA is stored mainly from saline quartzites (versus gold in the middle - 32%) and high-grade hematite ores (versus saline 56-62%). Glibina zalyagannya range from 30 to 500 m Kursk regions The main part of the reserves of rich ores (genera Yakovlevskoe, Mikhaylivske, Lebedinske and Stoylensky). Rudy KMA is characterized by a large component warehouse. Covering and rocking breeds are represented by mineral-alimentation syruvina, additional materials for metallurgical breeding, bauxite and some types of gemini-chemical syruvina. Hydrogeological study of the exploitation of the basin is foldable, as the ore is overwhelmed by the hard work of the heavily watered sedimentary rocks. The view of the ore is used by underground and visible methods.
The ancestors of the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia
Misce Narodzhennya Murmansk region and Republic of Karelia there may be reserves of magnetite, titanomagnetite ores and gold quartzites. Rudy, with a reasonable amount of money (28-32%), is good to go. Most genera in the Murmansk region are Kovdorskoe and Olenegorskoe, in Karelia - Kostomukshskoe.
ancestry of the Ural
The ancestors of the Urals are drawn by the wide swamp from winter to weekday parallel to the Ural Hirskiy ridge. Smells distributed on the territories of Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk and Orenburz regions. The balance reserves of open-grade ores in the Urals become close to 14 billion tons.
In the Pivnichny Ural, lay the gold ore in the Pivnichny and Bogoslavian groups of ancestors, in the Middle Urals - in the Tagilo-Kushvinsky and Kachkanar groups, in the Pivdenny Uralischi-Bakal and Orskoy groups. The main part of the reserves of open-cast ores in the Urals (70%) is deposited in the Kachkanar group in the Sverdlovsk region, de-overlaid with titanium-magnetite ores. The stench is carried to the small, a little easy to enrichment, to the middle, close to 17% of saline, and also vanadium and insignificant number of small houses (gray and phosphorus). The genera are developed in an open manner and by the base of metallurgy enterprises in the Middle Urals.
The reserves of the Urals have been significantly violated by the present hour. Thus, the resources of the ancestry of the gir Magnitna and the Grace were selected. To that in the given hour the part of the ore syruvin will come to the Urals from the first districts of the land.
ancestry Sibira
In the Western Siberia, there are the most precious ore ore genera roztashovani in the Gir Shoria (Kemerovo region) and the Gir Altai (Altai Territory). Їх reserves become 1 billion tons. Rudi Girskaya Shoriya magnetite. The middle vmіst zaliza in them is in the range of 40-50%. The main part of the ore reserves of the Girskaya Shoriya zoserezhene in Temirtausky, Tashtagolsky, Shalimsky and other genera. The ore can be obtained both by the open and by the underground method. Vidobuvny ore є sirovinnoy base of the Kuznetsk metallurgical combine and Zakhidno-Siberian metallurgical plant. The genera of magnetite ores in the Western Siberia have emerged and in the territory Altai Territory(Нskoi and Biloritske family).
Balance reserves of avalanche ores Skhidnogo Sibir store 4 billion tons. Їх of the ancestry are located in Priangarye, Kuznetskiy Alatau, in Khakassia and in Transbaikalia.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory has the Angara-Pitskiy Basin. Average vmest zaliza in ore syagaє 40%. Rudy is mostly refractory, difficult enrichment. Most of the genera in the basin - Nizhnyo-Angarsk and Іshіmbinskoe.
Angaro-Іlimsk pool in Irkutsk region includes two great ancestors - Korshunovskiy and Rudnogorsk. Rudy may be made to change instead of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, which allows them to be self-melting and easily enriched. Developed in the main way.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, there are also great genera of zaliznyh ores, such as Abakanskoe, Teyskoe, Irbinskoe, Krasnokamensk. Є a number of ancestors in the Irkutsk and Chita regions.
Generations of the Distant Descent
At the Distant Descent, the genera of green ores was discovered in the Khabarovsk Territory, in the Amur Region. Primorsky Krai, in the Republic of Sakha. The main part of it (80%) was repaired in the Pivdenny Yakutia in the Pivdenno-Aldansky and Charoit-Tokinsky gold-ore regions. Here, magnetite ores are deposited with a bulk of 41-53% and a bulk of quartzite is easily enriched with a bulk of 28%. Razroblyayutsya in the main way.
Distribution of genera of ores of color metals
Russia has large reserves of color metal ores. As a result of their specialness, they have a very low price tag for metal to take revenge in them. This ore may be more common in all colour metals. The main stocks are distributed in the territories of the Urals, Siberia, Far Descent and other districts of the country.
Misce Narodzhennya middle ores
Mid є the most popular color metal. Vona grows malim instead of metal in ore (1-2%) and is often combined with zinc, lead, gold, silver. Great genera of mine ores developed in the Urals, Skhidny Siberia, Pivnichny Caucasus.
In the Urals, there are some great genera - Degtyarskoe, Krasnouralskoe, Kirovohradskoe, Revdinsky - roztashovani in the Sverdlovsk region. The Chelyabinsk region has the Karabash ancestry, in Orenburzkiy - Gayskoe.
The ancestors of the midi є in the Skhidny Siberia in the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Norilsk. Talnakhskoe, Zhovtneve. In the Chita region, the Udokan clan is unikal, in the Pivnichny Caucasus - the Urupsky and Khudess clan (Stavropol Territory).
Genera of polymetallic ores.
Polymetallic lead-zinc ore of Russia zoseredzheni in Western Siberia (Salaire group), Skhidny Siberia (Nerchinsk group, Gorevskoe genus in Krasnoyarsk Territory, in the Republic of Tuva) (Far East)
Genera of nickel and cobalt
The main genera of ores are distributed in the territory of Murmansk (Kaula), Orenburg (Buruktalskoe) and Chelyabinsk (Cheremshansk) regions, Krasnoyarsk Territory (Norilsk, Talnakh).
The main mass of cobalt brewed in the country is used for processing complex ores.
generic tin
Golovny district of distribution - Dalekiy Skhid. Most genera - in the areas of the Maliy Khingan and Sikhote-Alin mountain ranges, the Pivdenny Primor'i and the basin of the river. Jani.
Stocks of avalanche ores in rіznih lands light
Seemingly, on this day in 98 regions of the world, the birth of the golden ore of pink quality has been revealed. According to the assessments of the experts, the reserves of gold ore can become close to 790 billion tons. On the current day, the reserves of open-cast ores in the world will rise to 464 billion tons, of which we are ready for a Danish moment є close to 200 million tons.
The large reserves of ore are becoming low and medium in quality. In private individuals, they have a seizure of up to 87% of the developed stock in the light. Such ore can be found in its own deposits from 16 to 40 times a day and can be used as a supplement. For example, in Russia, one of the five leaders of the regions by the type of ore, only trochas more than 12 parts of the range are of high quality gold ore (at least 60%).
Christmas ore is seen in more than fifty regions of the world. At the same time, the main part of the chain of sirovini (up to 78 units) is supplied from five countries-leaders: China, Brazil, Russia, Australia and India.
The leader in the form of gold ore is China. In 2010, there were 900 million tons of vodobuly here, until 2013 the figure had increased, and for the whole of 2012, it was close to 1.3 million tons.
Significantly, for two years of Persha, the p'yatyrka of leaders from the type of ore of antiroha did not change. So, following China and Australia, in the past two rocks, there has also been an increase in the amount of rubber ore from 420 to 525 million tons. Proceed in the name of the US Geological Survey. In the third month - Brazil, de in 2012 there were 375 million tons of vidobuto (which surpasses the indicators of 2010 for a total of 5 million tons). A quarter and a few minutes from India and Russia, apparently, here in the last week there were 245 and 100 million tons.
Dear, ukraine, yaka є by itself rich land for payloads, in 2012 there were 81 million tons of total dobula.
At the same time, in 2012, the number of companies butobuto 3 milliardi tons of ore.
The reserves of zaliznoy ore in the rural regions of the world are clear (2012r.) In table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Reserves of gold ore in the regions of the world (2012r.)
It can be seen that the list of leaders for reserves of gold ore does not include India, de officially approved for 2012 (dues of the US Geological Service) no more than 7 billion tons. At the end of the day in the light of the loan in the fourth month of the video.
Table 1.2 shows a list of countries of leaders for reserves of corianne saline.
Table 1.2 Group of analysts for the production of metal rinks. Access mode: Electronic resource // http://www.metalresearch.ru/