Bezpeka zhittєdіyalnosti and navkolishnє natural middle ground. Basic values and understanding of safety of life
The Earth cooler will experience 3 shells: solid - lithosphere, rare - hydrosphere and gas-like - atmosphere. All the shells are divided into small pieces, I want to move one to one on the cordons.
At the last century, another shell was seen, which I called the biosphere. It’s not a self-contained sphere that grows in the upper, especially in the upper, spheres of the lithosphere and hydrosphere and in the lower sphere of the atmosphere. The biosphere grows within a range of 10 km into the Earth and up to 33 km above the earth. The upper boundary is a zhisny ozone screen, which is the home of living organisms on the Earth from the fast flow of ultraviolet exchanges.
The formation of the biosphere began with the appearance of living organisms under the influence of sleepy energy as a result of trivial biochemical processes.
Forward, the term biosphere appeared in literature in 1875. Yogo by the Austrian geologist E. Suess. Win proponuvv having united all the sukupnіst of living organisms, so they inhabit our planet under the name biosphere. However, I underestimated the introduction of living organisms into the energetics of the biosphere and the inflow of non-living bodies.
The great role in the development of the biosphere's understanding a bit of a present played by robots Dokuchaev V.V. і th student V.І. Vernadsky. In the Rose of Vernadsky biosphere - the price for all the sphere of expanded life, but I am not only looking for my own organisms, but for the middle of my life, and people are seen before the biosphere. Moreover, vin vvazhav, shho the biosphere tse “Organized, singing shell earth measles obtained from lives. "
The appearance of people - wearing a rosum - accelerated all the processes that develop on the planet. In the Danish hour, the cholovik has destroyed his rivnova from the biosphere. The remains of the people and the great creatures in their living products in the biosphere did not outweigh 1% of the outgrowths, the biosphere passed into the dynamical level of the earth's shells. Happy Lyudina lives on her own consumption of more than 7% of the products of the biosphere and sutta will destroy the natural balance.
The inflow of people into the biosphere is built up to the chotiroh basic forms
1. Zmіna structure earthly surface(Rozoryuvannya stepіv, virubuvannya lіsіv, melioratsіya, the opening of piece lakes and seas, etc.)
2. Change to the warehouse of the biosphere, the circulation and the balance of the formation of її speeches (wikidness of the spirits into the atmosphere and in the water bodies, the development of copalins, the change of moisture circulation, etc.)
3. Zmіna energetic, zokrem, heat balance surrounding areas earthly coo and all of the planet.
Changes to be introduced before the birth (the supremacy of living organisms) due to the development of certain types of species, the establishment of new breeds of food and varieties of roslin, relocation of them to a new period of living
Before the process of being seen in the biosphere and the role of the smart people in the re-created biosphere, Vernadsky formulated a statement about the noosphere - (noos abo nus means rose) as a special period of the development of the planet and the new space... For the noosphere, the characteristic process of interaction between nature and suspension, since the intelligence of people is becoming a head, viral factor. In other words, the noosphere, including social natural phenomena, Taken in its integrity, in its singularity and in superlatives.
Slid to mean that the biological exchange of speech between people and nature has been taken care of. Ale in the wicked minds is the abundance of people from the natural bureaucrats who are growing up, and the sprinkles of the flow into nature are also rapidly changing the lives of people. Navkolishnє people Sereda krim natural (zaholnoy for all creatures), including, the stem of the people, the material center.
As a result of the versatile activity, the new process of exchanging speech and energy between nature and suspension, a new circuit.
The whole exchange is technogenic in nature and is called an anthropogenic or social exchange of speech and energy. And also the middle is called technogenic (inodi technosphere),
The whole cycle is in a closed system: at the inputs of natural resources, at the outputs - virobnichi and bybutovi in.
The anthropogenic exchange will accelerate the planetary cycle of speech in nature.
As a result of such interaction between people and nature, it has become ecological situation... Tse, persh for all shvidke visnazhennya natural resources- syruvinny, energetic, shvidke zabrudnennya natural center- atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere.
The destruction of the equilibrium between the people and the biosphere has become especially vivid in the Danish hour and even today it is easy to talk about the ecological crisis of the planet, naming a number of global causes that will take its development.
Persh for all the slid means the growth of the population.
People, yak have about 150 yew. Rocky, resembling the genotypes of one person and one woman, the fatherland of the ancestors of the people - Skhidna Africa. Lyudina is the youngest of the great creatures on Earth. 50 ... 100 yew. Fatal that lyudin settled in Europe, 30 ... 40 yew. - in America, Australia. For the hour of the people of Jesus Christ, the population of the Earth became 100 million people (Table 2.1.).
Table 2.1 Population size
Lyudin - itself widened on the surface of the Earth of the creature. Win, as far as any kind, it is prudent to master a wider space with the greatest replenishment. An exhilarating look at a man from the side of nature: a man is overly numerous, canniy, pitiless, greedy and neohyaky hijak, which is more, less than possible, primed to bend.
Ecological nisha people, tobto yogo mice roztashuvannya, borrowing more than 3/4 land area (close to 100 million km 2)
Douzhe shvidke increase in the number of people in the XX century. I call it a demographic vibuch.
It means that 3/4 of the number of people for the entire hour of this year lived and live in the XX and XXI centuries.
Science forecasts say about those who, in the middle of the XX1 century, the number of earthlings could reach 10 billion.
Over the last 100 years, Lyudina has produced a large amount of organic products, now it has been launched for hundreds of millions of rocks. Lyudina lives about 30% of the photosynthesized products, which lead to the reduction of biomasi, emptying out too much. With such an intensive development and humiliation of human life, the wild creatures do not have enough space for learning, and the wild roslin do not need room for creation. For obvious data, at the expense of 50% of the ecological space, there is close to 10% of species. These are the forecasts.
With such a rank, obviously, the growth of the population will not change the ecological situation and change the safety of living.
It is the very thing for people and their behavior to lie down in the last hour of their life and life on Earth. In general, the people are alive to the heart of the mighty generation, so that everything is lost to people.
Another reason is the price of natural resources. Naturally, the growth of the population is grafted to the growth of the economy. Until the ear of the twentieth century, people came with economy, as they swirled a gross light product in the total of 60 billion dollars. Until the end of the XX century. The economy created such a product in one day, so that in one day the rate of growth of the economy grew hundreds of times.
The main indicator of the economy is the gross national product (GNP) - the market value of all goods and services that are rolled out to the end. Chim is more GNP, more is the use of natural resources. The development of economics is reviewed by the exhibitor. Infections of the US GNP store more than 30% of light and skin for 8 years. The exponential growth of GNP is evidence of the exponential growth of natural resources and the environment. From the point of view in the XXI century. Russia has colossal perevagi even before the usima lands, volodyuchi 30% stocks of cinnamon copalins, 20% biota, 50% stocks of fresh water, 20% of all leaves in the world.
The uniqueness of Russia is a reserve for the future and the best for her because of the need to seize riches. (Third svitova vіyna- price for natural resources) At the most folding camp in the XXI century. You can find the development of the land, as the ecological crisis will hit the most.
All natural resources have to share in unprecedented and victorious. To the unprecedented, the resources of space travel are introduced: the energy of the sleepy-ness and the old (the energy of the broken-down, the energy of the water). Vycherpny resources - food and drink roslinny light Earth, brown kopalini. Bagato vycherpny resources, perebuyut under threat of knowledge. Razrakhunki show that, with the tendency to develop people through 100 years, they will know the reserves of good water, sour in the atmosphere (this number will change rapidly by 10 ... 50% of the leaves on the Earth, the virus of the leaves at the rate of 50 hectares for the khvili; the most insecure for people - they can live in 40 years in the Amazon), dereviny, brown copalins (vugilla, naphta, land and gas) (only in the XX century through erosion, about 2 billion hectares were consumed, so that the style, which is in the given hour before the release and pastoral).
At the same hour in Russia, the majestic territory was protected not to be destroyed by the state's power of ecosystems: the Siberian taiga (with an area of 6 million km 2), Pivnich (2.8 million km 2). Nearly 60% of the land is not covered by the state's power (such a high indicator is only for Canadi), at that time, at that time, the state’s area of land didn’t get close to 40%. In the European part, up to 40% of the resources will survive, in the Ural region - 20%, in Siberia and at the Far Descent - 10%.
In the European part of Russia, the natural alcoholic breeding has lost strength, the biota is not self-created, but the wickedness is bruised: carbon dioxide gas, methane, phosphate and nitrate Єvropeyska Chastina Russie i okremі regіoni Ural i Sibіru znahodyatsya in minds nayzhorstokіshogo ekologіchnoї Creasy, ecosystem vtratili zdatnіst to self-cleaning, rіzko znizilosya virobnitstvo bіomasi, yde rozpad ekologіchnih nіsh, degradatsіya i spustoshennya lands skorochuєtsya Ploscha lіsіv through їh virubki i vigorannya (up to 1 million hectares on rik as a result of anthropogenic infusions, 2 million hectares - through a viruba).
If Russia wants to stand on one of the first months in the world for the area of іllі per capita (to be brought in the middle of 11 hectares of the rural areas of the country (in the middle of the world, in the middle of 3 hectares), the protest of the victorious ones in the middle of the world is most effective, most efficiently products
The country has a lot of resources (especially naphtha and gas).
By such a rank, it is obvious that the growth of the population of the city is the growth of vicarious resources and, as the inheritance of this, the ecology is lost, it is safe to change.
The reason is coming - Energy. For the life of the population, it is necessary not only to add a lot of tons of raw resources, but to make a huge amount of energy, to trim the great amount of money with / g products. Whether it is industry, energy, transport, or growing vrozhuvannya-obov'yazkovo pulling after itself the obstruction of the natural environment.
Improvement in the consumption of natural resources. Stocks of oil, oil, gas are hanging out, and the development of new ancestors is becoming more and more expensive. per the rest of the rock Two revolutions have taken place in the energy sector: one has given up on the idea of naphtha products, and naphtha will give up on natural gas. At the same time in the power industry, the prevailing technologies are tied to the wikopen burners.
Nuclear power engineering is especially not safe. For example, avars to the Three Mile Island AES from the United States and to the Chornobil AES brought a few million dollars in dollars and up to a trillion dollars in indirect ones. The problem of nuclear entrances is becoming a non-virtual problem. The problem is not only in the effective motivation, but the smut - those who are rich in radioactive isotopes, who are found in the nuclear industry, are anti-natural and in the region are not safe for life: whoever is going to develop genetics for organogram. Naygolovnіshe, bіota bіota can't fit in with radioactive obstructions.
Hydroenergetics (especially developed in Russia, China, Egypt, Brazil, USA) is linked to global inflows to navkolishnє center due to flooding of millions of hectares.
Taki vid energiji, yak sleepy; vitrova, oceanic, geothermal and new. The stench is vvazhayutsya ecologically clean, and even negatively infused on the navkolishnє middle.
Vikoristannya of sleepy power is surrounded by districts, de great number sleepy days... Tsia energіya is still dear and not widespread. The tidal power stations were inspired by France, which is even more promising in Russia (for example, in the Sea of Okhotsk). Geothermal power stations in the USA, Mexico, Japan. Wind power generators are widely used in Denmark, Netherlands, USA, Sweden.
However, all alternative types of energy in the available for viewing may not be able to compete with HES and TES.
Visnovki: vitrati the development of energy in terms of performance to the safety of living evidence.
A great contribution at the root of the crisis situation on the planet is to make a solid and not safe entrance. Until the end of the 20th century, the Earth was disposed of in rik: 3.5 billion tons of oil; 3.5 billion T vugil; 3 billion T. Derevin, etc. The main supporters are to serve the development of the country, as with a population of 1 billion they consume 50% of the energy, 70% of the metals and generate 75% of all inputs, and the part of the inputs is meant to be in the provinces of the originators. Bagato vіdhіdni і shkіdlivі virobnitstva (vyplavka zaliza, aluminіyu) move in the poorly ruined land. In the middle of the day we went to the lads in the warehouse, 50 tons / Рік. (FRN 10t, Japan 4t)
Most of the radioactive input is not safe. 2 thousand vibuchs were violated when the first atomic bomb was vibrated and the radioactive background of the planet moved by 2%. In a given hour on land, 10 million m 3 of radioactive entrances have accumulated;
A special kind of vipadok is chemistry. Rіk has 500 million tons, 50% of them are in the USA. On another mіsci Russia, on the third - Іndіya.
Lyudina vikidaє in the navkolishn middle of the world there is a great number of views: plastics, important metals, which, by weight, outweigh the natural turnover (lead, zalizo), or in the middle of the day in the world, so nature does not overwhelm.
Moreover, in case of be-as growing organisms into the atmosphere, carbon dioxide gas, earth, wicked into the atmosphere, cheeky words(Pesticides, kindly). The infection on a mass scale viroblya close to 5 yew. Synthesized words, and close to 80% of them are not rated by humans from the point of view of toxicity, pouring into the midst.
The hiring is done by the tied-up power and transport. Spaluvannya palyva, car debris to produce wikidov CO, oxide nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, carbohydrate and in ..
All inputs are generated in the atmosphere, water and soil.
Rozdil II safe living and navkolishn natural middle ground
1. Happy light and yogo pouring into the natural environment
In the world of accelerated technological progress, infusing the state's spirit of people into nature has become more and more ruinous. In this hour, it’s already on the basis of natural factors, so that we can create a positive change in the growth of strength between suspension and nature. People are confronted with the fact that the nature of non-reversible processes, new nobles, and reimagination of energy and speech, is confronted. Into nature, you have consumed more and more other people's speeches, hourly highly toxic for living organisms. Some of them are not included in the natural cycle and accumulate in the biosphere, they are not safe for all living things that inhabit the planet Earth.
In such a rank, violating the laws of nature, people are ruined for their living, unaffected by both suspension and technical excellence. Having become contemplated about the way and the possibilities of saving the quality of the middle of living in the village, necessary for the protection of their health and the development of the populations of food, comas, microorganisms. Progressively, the scientific direction was developed, regulating the suspicious ecological changes in the sphere of interrelationship and nature in the interests of preserving life in the congregation and the future.
For the first time in scientific terminology, the word "ecology" was introduced by the German clergyman Haeckel in 1866;
Its ninishn meaning has become only in the other half of the twentieth century. Ecology is about the interaction of living organisms with the natural environment of living. From the background of the ecology, the vision of the new part is the social ecology, as it is about the interconnection of the suspension with the new natural center of living.
How did the forms of interaction between the suspension and nature go along with the day-to-day stage of historical development?
Accepted vid_lyati dvі:
Economic form - living resources of nature, i.e., Vikoristannya її for the satisfaction of people with their material and spiritual needs;
The ecological form is the protection of the natural environment with the help of the protection of people as a biological and social organism and its natural development.
Lyudin, I am living with the resources of the middle of the living for the revival of the state buildings, which is natural for the middle ground, as if I started pouring negatively on the people themselves.
Over the entire history of civilization, Bulo Virubano 2/3 leaves, over 200 species of food and roselin have been depleted, stocks of sourness in the atmosphere have decreased by 10 billion tons, as a result of improper management of the Silskoy government, nearly 200 million hectares have been degraded.
The negative activity of the people in terms of dating to the natural middle is manifested in the offensive strains:
Obrudnennya navkolishny natural center;
Visnazhennya of natural resources;
Ruynuvannya of the natural center.
Under the conditions of growth, physical and chemical changes in the warehouse of natural speech (water, water, soil), which will clutter up the health and life of the people, as well as the new life of the natural world.
The obstruction of the natural environment is cosmic - natural, like the Earth will be taken out of space, or through the upheaval of volcanoes, and anthropogenic, as a result of the state's activity of people.
The anthropogenous obstruction of the midst of the colony pod_lyayut on the saw, gas, chemical (including the soil with chemicals), aromatic, warm (the temperature of the water, water, soil). Dzherelom zabrudnennya є gospodarstvo dіyalnіst people: industry, sіlske government, transport. A part of that abbreviated dzherel obrudnennya can be meaningfully growing in the fallowness of the region.
For example, in places 70-80% of the hardened attack is on transport. Among the industrial enterprises, the most "brute" enterprises are involved in metallurgy, which is 34% more difficult to find in the middle. They are followed by power engineering enterprises, followed by thermal power plants (27%). One part of the seizure is on the chemical industry (9%), naphtha (12%) and gas industry (7%). In the rest of the rock on the first place, a silly statehood hung over the hardships.
Tse is tied with two trimmings.
The first is the increase in the number of great creative complexes due to the efficiency of the effective technology of purification and disposal of fecal waste. Another is the growth of the consumption of mineral goodness, pesticides, herbicides and orthochimics in Russia. Most often, through the wrong or the wrong stagnation of the meaning of the speech, the words do not start to grow into the dews and get lost in the ground. Then, at the same time, with the cold and underground waters, the stench is consumed in the rivers and lakes, blowing up the unwarranted pools of the great rivers, in the ribbons and in the loneliness.
Shorichno per one inhabitant of the Earth falls by 20 tons per person. The main objects of obstruction є povitrya, waters (including the Svitovy ocean), soil. Thousands of tons of foul gas, nitrogen oxides, sulfur, salts of important metals and other words are thrown into the atmosphere every day. I only 10% of the cichs will mold the dewline. Oksidi sirki - the main zabrudnyuvach, dzherelom yakogo є heating stations, boiler rooms, combination of important industry. The hot gas was oxidized to nitrogen during the interaction with vapors of water (chmaras) to generate acid boards, which mean the growth, growth, ribbons.
The order with a clean gas negative injection into the camp of the atmosphere is injected with carbon dioxide and chadny gas, obsessed with burning in carbohydrates (vugilla, naphtha and the lowest organic burn). The main thing here is transport. For all the prior rockets, the share of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 20% and by the ear of the XXI century. become close to 30%.
Also the physical and chemical changes of the atmosphere are approaching us to the appearance of a greenhouse effect. The essence of this is that the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the upper spheres of the atmosphere will overshadow the normal process of heat exchange between the Earth and the Space, stream heat, as the Earth accumulates as a result of the state's dignity of the thaw, as well as in case of hectic conditions.
The greenhouse effect rolls around in increased temperatures, weather changes and climate. Already in our hour, with the occasional anthropogenic pressure, the skin temperature rises by 0.5 ° C, so that the level of the Holy Ocean moves through the ice for the skin 10 times by 1-1.2 m.
Vidomo, when the river Svitovoy ocean is 6 m high before the flooding of 1/6 dry land. The last legacy of the greenhouse effect is the growth of deserted lands through intensive vaporization of vologues, which can be found in the ground. Already at a time 6 million hectares of land are scattered around in a kestrel.
The destruction of the ozone ball is also associated with the obstruction of the atmosphere, the main function of the field in the protection of the people and the natural environment of the Earth from the tooth infusion of ultraviolet vippromise to the Cosmos.
From the inflow of ozone-depleting rechovins - freon, chlorine, carbon, which can be seen by refrigeration units, cars, aerosol vikids, - where is the act of ruining a ball. Apparently, in the winter regions of the European continent, over the densely populated territory of the Yogo region, the region has changed by 3%. The speed of the ozone ball by 1% leads to the growth of oncological diseases by 6%.
Not least important objects of obstruction є waters, rivers, lakes, Svitovy ocean. Near the Svitovy Ocean, millions of tons of wild and solid insides are angry. Among them there is a head of naphtha, which is taken into the ocean from ships as a result of a view of naphtha in the marine environment, as well as of numerous emergency tankers and reloading of naphtha pipelines and tanks. The filling of naphtha should be carried out until it is approved on the surface with water-sensitive waters, so that natural gas exchange between the waters of the Holy Ocean and the atmosphere, which is the reason for the loss of living resources of the sea, including water, plankton, and water.
Kisen in the atmosphere will be better for the two dzherel rakhuns - the height (40%) and the Svitovoy ocean (60%). On the thought of Jacques Iva Cousteau, the glorifier of the Holy Ocean, the seas and the ocean itself, the main lungs of the planet Earth.
As a result of the naphtha and the inferiority of the Svitovoy ocean, such negative phenomena as the multiplication of single-lined golden water growth, as in the process of development of clayey and the presence of carbon dioxide gas, are more likely to occur. Vona is even more fertile and grows at a bliscavic pace. Name a belt with a reach of 10 km and an area of 35 m; The speed of such a belt is 25 km per day.
In the process of ruku tsya mass of algae, everything lives in the ocean. Such appearances are hosted in the Pivnichniy Sea and in Scandinavia. The obstruction of the Svitovoy ocean is not only due to the shortage of food supplies and products of the sea, but it is contaminated with rivers that are very demanding for people. It is revealed that the baltic triska can be used for 1 kg of mass up to 800 mg of mercury, i.e., it is more than in a medical thermometer.
Massive dzherelneniya navkolishnye middle-class became chemistry, how to become stagnant in the Silskoy statehood, budivnistvі that in bybout: mineral goodness, otrutokhіmіkati, razchinniki, aerosols, varnishes and farbi. On the planet, there are 5 million vikoristovuyutsya vikoristovuyutsya kind of chemical speech and z'udnan. Toxicity of vivchen's diya only at 40 yew. Rechovin.
Tsi and іnshі inheritance of nabrudnenya navkolishny natural middle ground negatively mean on the physical health of people, their nervous, mental state, on the health of future generations. Deyakі danі: 20% of the population is permanently ill on allergies, 35% of the population of industrial towns - ailments as a result of a lusty infusion of obstructed navkolishny middle; skin day on the planet і vmiraє 25 yew. especially through obscure vodi (to take revenge on the high concentration of high-flown words). There are also data on nervous diseases, growing up of the population of defective children (from 4 to 11%). Through the intensive state-sponsored activity, the deeds of the growth and destruction of the natural environment, i.e., the waste of quiet natural non-new resources, which serve for people as a source of economic activity, are seen. At the current rate of recovery of developed stocks of vugilla, naphtha, natural gas That іnshikh cinnamon copalins, on a dummy in vchenyh, to whistle for a promislovy victoriannya for 50-500 rockіv. Moreover, the lowest indicator is stosuєtsya rare in carbohydrates, i.e. E. Nafti.
True, the suspension is promising for other types of energy, the spring of atomic energy, the energy of the weather, the sun, sea tides, geothermal waters, energy water, the reserves of which leave are unacceptable. However, the victorious atomic energy in the large-scale virobiztvі gallows the inviolability of the problem of burial in the atomic industry. The development of water supply is still less theoretical, as it is technologically still not updated.
One of the most serious problems is a marriage of a purely good water. Near the lands, which are developing from the hardships to the world, up to 9 million people. For the fowls in the churches, already in 2000, about 1 billion people saw a lack of drinking water. Take a trip to the Earth richly. The hydrosphere shall cover approximately 1.6 billion km3 of water; 1.37 billion km3 is brought to the Svitovy Ocean. On the continents - 90 million km3, of which 60 million km3 of water is found under the earth - all the water is salty, 27 million km3 of water is stored in the ice-floes of Antarctica, the Arctic, and the highlands. The brown reserve of available fresh waters, which are grown in rivers, lakes and under the ground up to 1 km glibini, is estimated at 3 million km3. All good water at the current rate of victoriousness in the industry and the Silskoy government has long been vitrized, as it has not been lost in the circuit of nature. Energy producers Sontsya water from the surface of the ocean is vaporized and the fallen leaves are carried around the planet. Nasichuyuchi runt vologoyu and zhivlyachi all live on the Earth, water flows into the ocean. I cycles are repeated indefinitely, tying together all water resources planet.
Apparently nice water wholly blew people out, both at once, and in the future. In the middle of the night, 30 m3 of water per person is used for bypass water supply in the river, and about 1 m3 is designated for pitt. Unimportant on the majesty of living of water for the needs of industry and the Silskoy government, the supply of pure water was used for 20-25 billion people. However, in the closest maybutny we will block the water crisis. And not to the one who is not driving, but to the one who is not going to bother you, to rob the unprofitable not only for the pitt, but for the life of all the bags of water and the little fish. To save and clean the water from high-flown infusions - it means to save life on Earth.
The growing and hardening of the natural environment leads to the destruction of ecological connections, the establishment of districts and regions with a rise in a partly degraded natural environment, a non-lethal health exchange of speech and communication.
We will use the butt of such degradation є the Aral Sea, which is generally in the world through the outflow of the necessary drainage of water from two strained Central Asian rivers. Degradation to the steppe of Kalmykia as a result of the irrational viciousness of the earth, the overwhelming of thinness, which increased the soil height, and reduced the soil curvature.
On the hardening of the natural environment and the growth of natural resources, it is infused with the growing population of the Earth. XX Art. Having survived the demographic revolution, since the leaders of the achievements of medical science, the growth of the good-for-nothing, the growing growth of the population as a result of the rapid mortality and the advancement of the population.
For example, in the 19th century. for 100 rockiv the population of the Earth has reached 1 billion, then by the ear of the XX century. Tsey Milyard was reached for 30 years, and in the other half of the XX century. the population increased by 1 billion for 15 years. At our hour, the tempo of the growth of the population has a warehouse of 150 individuals per hilina. In 1994, 5.5 billion people lived on the Earth, until 2005 the number reached 6 billion. Moreover, 50% of the population live in Asia, 22% - in Africa, 10% - in Latin America, 8% - in Europe and 3% - in Pivnichniy America. Rozvineni of the land of Europe and Wine of America step by step for a number of the population to sacrifice the land of the land, which develops in Asia, Africa and the Middle Ages. Such a re-development of the population to improve the environmental protection.
In the lands, where it will be developed, there will be great difficulties due to environmental protection - in the sense of vitrate for the introduction of non-connected technologies and the establishment of cleaning systems.
This is such a great role of the rozvinennyh lands in providing additional assistance for the establishment of the system of ecological security. At the same time, it seems that there is a need to re-emerge the needs of the ecologic leader among the rich and everyday lands in the world of all-important problems of protecting the midst of the world. An analysis of the reasons for the obstruction, the hanging and ruining of the natural environment, how to go around the state's spirit of the people, will show that how the stench can be both active and sub-active. To the active ones, you can make the following:
I border on the building of earthly nature to self-purification and self-regulation. Until the singing boundary, the earthly nature is overwhelming, cleansing the entrance of the virobnstva, like bi seize yourself from the shkidlivy pouring in. A little bit of the humility of nature, surrounded by. The mnіstry of the natural middle ground does not even allow to overwhelm the deeds of a larger scale of entrance, and the accumulation of the threat of the global obstruction of the middle ground;
Physical interconnection of the land territory within the framework of the same planet. The stocks of cinnamon copalins are incessantly damaged by people and cease to grow;
The waste of the human virobnitstva. In nature, it is viral to grow in a closed cycle. Kintsevy product in one cycle becomes valid for a new virobnic cycle. Virobnistvo well, in which take care of the fate of a man, at his own masi and his own basis є vidkhidnym. It’s good, that for the sake of the living of the people in the country, it’s not less than 20 tons of natural resources, they deprive them of 5-10% to go to the product, and 90 ~ 95% are needed at the sight, often at the sight of the impervious nature of speech. The price is not only up to the prehistoric visnazhennya of the natural environment, but before the ruining of ecological systems;
The need for knowledge and development of human laws in the development of nature. The peculiarity of the nature of the cause of the field lies in the fact that the law of development of nature, that it begins to inherit the inheritance of human activity, the people are mesmerized by the cleverness in the laboratory, and in the process of victorious nature, by the way of accumulating admiration for the knowledge.
Here, next to name two specialties, I will show the results in the flow of people in the natural middle. The first is the hour: the results of the wickedly-state-of-the-art performance, the overwhelming and overwhelming of the winter, may appear not only in the present, but in maybut, for the life of those who have lost the winners, many Another peculiarity is borne before the manifestation of the inheritance of the state's d'yalnosti in the open space: anthropogenic inflow into nature in one region, following the strict laws of unity and interconnection of the natural middle ground, you can integrate into the other regions. On the contrary, there is often a misconception about some lack of longevity of this and that of people.
Itself through the summons of the knowledge of the state's gift to nature, people know the teeth inheritance of the process of efficiency, the rosum, that the degradation of the lisiv leads to the development of the soil cover, the change in the sour stock of the planet, the growth of the winter; how many people get involved in the midst of a colony of ailments, leading to the degradation of human specialties, to quickly be seen on the maybut generations. Ninishn the younger generation is already aware of the results of the work of the 70-80s. Sub'active reasons are stored in another group. Heads from them:
Incomplete organizational, legal and economic efficiency of the state for the protection of the midst;
Defects of the ecologic vikhovannya and the education of the population of the country. Until the present hour in Russia, the laws and regulations must be declarative; Administrative and critical evidence for environmental issues for physical and legal persons, as a rule, are rare.
And aja in deceived lands widely vikoristovuyutsya economical importance, so allow enterprises and organizations to seize nature with a view for themselves. There can be a decrease in taxes, a decrease in taxes for enterprises in the context of a decrease in skids (wikids), as well as changes with a number of outstanding agreements for the release of great projects.
Unimportant to the achievement of the suspension and scientific and technical progress, the end of the XX century, Unfortunately, characterized by the panuvannya of the living psychology of people in relation to nature. Unimportant in the numerical discussions about the rational nature of the environment, as they did their best at the frontiers of two capitals, the psychology of the main mass of people became obsessed with the living standards.
Sociological education of Muscovites with important social problems showed an advance: 50% called the provision of medical service, 44% - the provision of products or the provision of living minds. The problem of protecting the midst of the community did not negate the hundredths of the population.
Until then, tied to the problems of protecting the midst of the community, to show the strong link between the protection of nature and the camp is not only healthy people, but also morality. Between people and nature there is a dialectical interconnection. Human nature has been reimagined, a system and a ringing sound has been set up for the revision, infused into a human being, a form of his specialty, his moral and spiritual viglyad. The original information about the links to alcoholism in the midst of the midst of life was conducted by Academician A.V. Yablonovo. Їm is meant, in normal ecological center squash will drink and clean water, ignore with a weak alcohol. When the middle is obstructed carbonized with gas in the norms that govern the great industrial places, squint the will to drink alcohol from water, and not clean water. Tsey experiment to direct thoughts.
The result of the lack of respect of the suspension to the problems of protecting the naval middle class has become ecologic negligence and ecologic nigilism. Let us bring them є anger to the knowledge and victoriousness of ecological laws in the spilkuvanna people and the navkolishny middle.
Ecological failure - the lack of vivchati laws and interconnection between people and navkolishnogo middle ground; Ecological nіgіlіzm - nezazannya keruvatisya by cimi laws. It is a pity that negligence and ecologic nigilism in the present with the living psychology are not safe for the discovery of all living things on Earth.
For an hour, in the suspension, more and more steps are being taken to manifest itself in the form of interaction with the natural environment, which is called the protection of the midst, as a reaction to the difficult nature of nature, the hanging of natural resources and the threat of ruining. At the end of the day, as a matter of fact, the form of suspicious and sovereign activity has been learned, and it is aimed at saving and developing natural resources.
The idea of protecting nature was discovered in the 19th century. і looked like a zahist memorials of nature and unique objects from the ruin of people. Being a second form of interaction between the suspension and nature, the protection of nature is found in the world of growing up and living in the natural environment.
To that order with the conservative protection of the natural middle age in the XX century. began to develop іnsha form, scho otrimalnaya name rational vikorystannya natural resources. The understanding is "rational" to invest not only economically, but rather ecologically. It seems to be more rational, more rational - more economical, more thrifty.
The problem of protection of the natural environment in the best possible forms (conservative, rational protection of natural resources and the improvement of the natural environment) from the regional step-by-step redeployment in the national environment, but also in the great international For a global solution of the problem, it is necessary to preserve the visibility of international crops and agreements linked to an ecologically safe planet.
For the day-to-day stage, the development of the protection of the midst is characteristic of the offensive straight ahead:
Humanization of the protection of the navkolishny middle. This means that people should be placed in the center of the problem, i.e. in kіntsі where there is a lyudin);
Ecologization of the state's activity. This means that ecologic vimogi are guilty of being guilty in vidi vidi and in all stages of the state's spirituality of people, as well as in their spiritual and cultural spheres;
Economics of protection of the navkolishny middle. Tsei directly go out of the looping of any sub'ect in the protection of the nascent natural environment. Such a preoccupation is indicative of and corny to the suspension, so as the government of all countries is aware of the colossal victories from the obstruction and non-rational victorious nature of the natural environment;
Anti-warfare directing nature and agricultural entrances. Vitrati of all powers in the hour of the end of the Other holy war on Vijskovy consumed 17.5 trillion dollars. Thousands of highly skilled workers in the cryptic places and laboratories over the perfection of the mass destruction of the people and the natural middle ground.
Vіyskovі vitrati carry the threat of unleashing new warfare, and in the case of unrecognizable vicariousness of the human, financial and industrial potential, they allow the vivility of the majestic value for the improvement and improvement of the modern middle age.
At the same time, in our land and in those lands, the processes of rapid liberation of the armies, the transfer of the entire industry to the widespread production of goods of peaceful significance, are not only in the development of the economy, but not only in the development of the economy, As a matter of fact, one is aware of the threat of ruining the natural environment as a result of the vicious actions; in a different way, the threat of obstruction will decrease, and you will get rid of the industrial-industrial complexes; thirdly, to increase the cost and material vitrati for social consumption and for the benefit of nature.
Food for self-control
1. Forms of interaction between suspension and nature.
2. You can see the anthropogenic hardening of the natural middle ground.
3. Ob'ktivnі and sub'єktivnі causes of obstruction, hanging and ruining of the natural environment.
4. The main ecological problems of a global nature.
5. What also is the humanization, the economy of the protection of the natural environment and the ecology of the state's activity?
Bezpeka life- science, who are not safe, use and methods to find out about them.
C yalina vchenya about safety of life- the capture of people in the technosphere from negative influences of hostile factors of anthropogenic and natural walking, reaching comfortable minds of living.
The solution of the problem of safety of the living of the field in the troubled comfortable minds of the intelligence of people, their life, of the destruction of the people and of the new middle-class in the infusion of awkward hostile factors.
Bezpeka, bezopeko systems, secure attachments depending on the need for the manifestation of a nasty factor. All are not safe to those who are real, if the stench can be injected or injected on a specific object (object). Ob'ykti zahist, like і dzherela nebezpek, rіznomomanіtnі. The skin component of the navkolishnogo middle ground can be used to get rid of it. In order, the priority before the object is to be introduced to the person: ludin, suspension, power, natural middle ground (biosphere), technosphere, etc.
Basically, bazaniy stan ob'єktіv zakistu bezpechna. It can be realized when there is an increase in the presence of hostile factors. The mill is safe to reach the same way for the mind, if the object is to destroy the hostile factor of lowering to the borderline permissible levels in the flow.
In such a rank, I am safe- the stance of an ob'ykta zakist, with every inflow of all hostile factors - streams of speech, energy and information - I do not change the maximum permissible values.
Lyudin will pay for her health and life for being a Skoda. In the whole family of people, it is possible to discern as a self-image factor in the system "people - the middle of living", the final result of such a function, the form and quality of the new middle.
The complex negatively infuses manifestations and processes into the system "Lyudin - the middle of living". In realizing the problems, I will become safe, it is necessary to look at the object of the hijacker and the sufficiency of the problem to go to the people.
The systems are safe on the basis of the procedures, which really exist in the given hour, fall on the following basic types:
The system of special and collective security of people in the process of their living;
The system of protection of the natural center (biosphere);
State security system;
The system is globally safe.
It is a historical priority that systems and methods of securing safety of people, which in all stages of their development are constantly pushed to safety of comfort, special safety and safety of their health, are a historical priority. Tse pragnennya bulo motivational bagatokh diy i vchinkiv people.
The activity of a hopeful life is not so important, as it is not necessary to prevent yourself and your family from being taken away from natural negative factors: blizzards, falloffs, wild creatures, decreased and increased temperature, sleepy radiation, etc. Ale of the life of a life zaguzhuvali people to the new negative injections, for example, to the collapsed life, when introduced to the new fire, it was cut off when it was smothered, opykami and burned.
Nayavnіst in Suchasnyj flats numerical pobutovih priladіv i pristroїv іstotno polegshuє pobut, robit Yogo comfortable i estetichnim, ale odnochasno administered tsіly complex shkіdlivih vrazhayuchih faktorіv: elektrichny Strum, elektromagnіtne field pіdvischeny rіven radіatsії, noise vіbratsії, nebezpeka mehanіchnogo travmuvannya, toksichnі rechovini i t .NS.
Progress in the field of virobiztva in the period of the scientific and technological revolution of supervising and supervising in the given hour of growing numbers and the level of extreme hostile factors of viral middle ground. So, the victorious process of progressive methods of plasma processing of materials has jammed the catch of the most efficient types of toxic aerosols, the injection of an electro-magnetic field, driven by noise, and electric hedgehogs of a high tension. ... The movement of internal traffic caused a lot of transport problems, but immediately caused an accident on the roads, gave rise to an important opportunity to assess the consumption of people and the natural middle ground of toxic products in automobiles. In such a rank, people are forced to reach the high productivity of their skills, comfort and special safety in the intensive development of the technosphere supervising the increase in the number of establishments necessary for the realization of the “vital” systems of life.
The significance of the problems in the systems of safety will grow without interruption, the splinters of growth are not only the smallest, but the energetic level of anthropogenic negative hostile infusions. Yakscho rіven vplivu natural negatively faktorіv practical stabіlny protyagom bagatoh stolіt then bіlshіst anthropogenic vrazhayuchih faktorіv bezperervno pіdvischuє svoї energetichnі pokazniki (zrostannya naprugi, tiskіv i іn.) W udoskonalennyam i rozrobkoyu novih vidіv tehnіki i s appeared novih tehnologіy (Nuclear Energy, kontsentratsіya energoresursіv that ін.).
In the last century, the level of energy, like Volodya Lyudin, grew imperceptibly. Yaksho in the end of the 18th century vіn mav lishe steam with a machine pulling up to 75 kW, in the end of the XX century. in the second order there are power plants with a capacity of 1000 MW and more. Significant energetic efforts to reduce energy in the grafts of vibukhovy chapters, firing and other chemically active chaffinches.
On the thought of Academician N. N. Moiseev: “people entered into new era his own understanding, if the potential power of the created by him is added to the center of the living will be summery with the forces of nature on the planet. This instills not only pride, but the fight, more heirloom, which can lead to civilization and bring all living things to the Earth. "
Respect for the problem of Belarusian Railways has been raised in all middle-class regions. One of the main directions for securing the safety of people, krim environmental aspectsі the rapid growth of non-dangerous problems at the bastard, there is no need for prophylaxis viral trauma... For the most important reasons, there is a need for a thoroughly formed system and protection of the BJD on virobnistvі, for a change to the wisdom of the minds of the visitor, so, in his own life, start on the nature of viral traumatism. Bezpeka is a stan of ob'kta zakistu, when it flows into all streams of speech, energy and information does not change the maximum allowable values. Ecologicnost 'dzherela nebezpeki- the camp of dzherela, when you touch it, it is permissible to flow into the technosphere or the biosphere.
The growth of anthropogenic negative influx into the middle of the living is not expected to be surrounded by growths but not without direct action, for example, the growth of concentrations of toxic houses in the atmosphere. With singing minds, it is possible that secondary negative influxes appear, which can be found on the regional or global level and make negative inflow in the region of the biosphere and significant groups of people. Before them, the processes of setting acidic plates are brought up, I can, " greenhouse effect», Ruinuvannya ozone ball of the Earth, accumulation of toxic and carcinogenic words in organisms of food and ribs, in food products, etc.
The solution of tasks related to the safety of the life of the people is the foundation for the resolution of the problems of safety in the most high levels: technosphere, regional, biosphere, global.
Theoretical basisі practical functions BJD - usunennya or lowering the technosphere's problems. At the heart of the determination, whether it is not safe to lie, is human activity, it is focused on the formulation and transformation of the flows of speech, energy and information in the process of living. Vivchayuchi і change streams of hostile factors, it is possible to enclose these values with permissible values. As soon as you don’t give up, then life is not safe.
Svit is not safe in the technosphere without interruption, but the methods and methods to help the user from them are developed and able to achieve significant memories. The state product of safety problems was practically assessed by the result of the inflow of negative officials - the number of victims, the loss of the quality of the components of the biosphere, material losses. Formulated on such a basis, those who entered appeared and appeared unprecedented, deficient and, as a legacy, insufficiently effective. Let’s cleanse the butt of a whiskey-wedge є well, in the 70s, we had a thirty-year ecology boom in the 70s, which until the next day in Bagatyokh lands, including in Russia, without gaining the necessary strength. Assessment of the inheritance due to the infusion of negative factors behind the final result - a rude prorahun of people, who called to the significant victims and the crisis of the biosphere.
CONTROL ROBOT
discipline
"Bezpeka zhittadіyalnosti"
Topic: "Navkolishnє middle ground and technogenic bezpeka"
plan
1. The main provisions and the principle of safety
1.1 INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL RIZIK
2. Technogenic bezpeka
2.1. vibratsiya
2.3. Electric strum
2.4. Safe for roadside transport
2.5. Analysis of the causes of viral traumatism
3. Microclimate of the working zone and normalization of its indicators
1. The main provisions and the principle of safety
The problem of taking over people is not safe in different minds Yoho living of the Vinikla immediately after the appearance on the Earth of our ancestors.
In the Danish hour, Lyudin is most awful, because he himself is not safe. Tilki in road traffic conditions in Ukraine, usually more than 6 yew. Osib і approx. 40 - 42 yew. Chol. I will take away my injuries. Tens of thousands of people become victims of alcohol. Thousands of people go to virobnistvі.
Dzherelami (noses) are not safe for natural processes and phenomena, technogenic middle ground and people.
Isn't that safe?
not safe- the central understanding of the Belarusian Railways, on the way to intelligence, be it appearances, to clutter up the life and health of the people.
Signs of initial security є:
1. threat to life;
2. the ability to inflict Shkodi on health;
3. the destruction of the minds of the normal functioning of organs and systems of people.
Classification of security:
for walking: Natural, technogenic, social, political, vіyskovі;
show your inheritance in an hour: Impulse and cumulative (for example, the concentration of vibuch energy in the singing direction);
by localization: Dressing with the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, space;
behind the legacy: Injuries, sickness, accidents, drowning, pozhezhi bend;
by the applied whip: Social, technical, ecological, etc .;
by spheres show: Pobutova, road transport, virobnich, viyskova and in.;
for the structure: Simple, foldable, virobnichi;
for character I am injected into Lyudin: Active and passive. People who are passive are not safe, they are active for the energy supply, which is the one who is the person herself. Before them, there are (state of the art prickly і rіzhuchі) unruly elements; the irregularities of the surface, according to which people are changing; uhili, pidyomi; slight rubbing between dotty surfaces. Active not safe - all the sachets, which show activity when pouring on a lump.
not safe to wear potential, Tobto is a haunted character.
Mind, when there are potential problems, they call themselves reasons .
In the basis of the prevention of non-dangerous diseases for the day there is a joke of reasons.
1.1 INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL RIZIK
Naybilsh extended assessment of security є risik.
rizik- the frequency of implementation of problems.
Rizik roztsinyuєtsya for how not without a mind, when you see the intelligence, for how well you are in the minds of unimportance.
Development of an individual and social worker.
individual risik- characterizing an unsatisfactory singing form for an okryemy individual.
When an individual student is identified, it is necessary to spend a fraction of an hour moving to the "zone of the patient" and after a short time of living of the individual.
social worker(More precisely, group) - a tier for a group of people.
social worker- the value of the number of people involved in the number of battles.
Social risk, on the vidminu from the individual, in the menshy world to lay down from geographic development.
Vchenі vіdіlyayut 4 methodical approaches to vznachennya risiku.
1. Engineering- spiral into statistics.
2. Model- Substantiation on the motivation of models injecting great factors into the environment of people, professional groups, etc.
3. expert- if the identity of the visa is started on the basis of the experience of pre-existing faults.
4. sociological- Substances on the population.
Risk criteria:
- unacceptable(Overwhelming) is characterized by a very high level, which in most cases can lead to negative inheritances;
- neglect(Boundary-permissible) - the maximum risk, which is not guilty of changing, right away as a result of the result;
- permissible with reversal(Accepted risik) - a cetus of a risik, like a suspension of a spryman (you may allow), a good technical and economic and social mobility for a given stage of his development. vin ob'єdnu technical, economical, social political aspectsі by a singing compromise between іvnem without baking and the possibilities of yogo accessibility. The essence of the concept of an acceptable riziku Polyaga in bazhannі install the pads are insignificant, as at the given moment you can remove the suspension.
- permissible without rewiring(Nehtuumo) - Rizik is low on a low rivn, which is used for perebuva in the boundaries of permissible vidhilen of natural rivnya.
So, it’s not a matter of practice to reach the zero level of risiku, to the absolute, it is unfortunate, so the concept of safety of living is based on the reached acceptable (permissible) risik.
motivation rizik
In the process of dіyalnosti people, there can be some kind of unsafe situations, in which there is a great deal of impertinence of unhappy people.
The motive is to act as a direct and controllable force of social performance. The very motives are a psychological bureaucrat, who may know how to feed, which in the given situation the people do it, and not the innaksh.
One of the most important motives in life є praznennya:
Until the success (in the robot and special life);
To wealth (for the implementation of their physiological, spiritual and creative needs);
Until power (for the implementation of their plans).
At most, there are the following basic five motives:
1. The motive of the vigodi polyagu in otrimanny vingorodi for the results of pratsi, that is material vigoda (salary, bonus, bazhannya shvidko rozbagatiti for someone else's rakhunok) and social vigoda (independence, prestige, self-assertion).
2. The motive of satisfaction is manifested in the rejection of satisfaction in the result and in the process of work. Lyudin wants to "show himself" or "bring our own and make us feel good," but it is possible that there is something wrong with it.
3. The motive of non-bezpeka polyagaє in pragnennі unique nespek, scho occur in the process of work. The price is not only the ability of physical ears, but the material is not safe (change of earnings, added bonus), and also not safe for social order (at the expense of authority, administrative punishment).
4. The motive of vigor to be manifested in a pragmatic vibration is a more easy way to achieve performance with lower energy costs and psychological stresses.
5. The motive for the improvement of the field in the practical days is evident before that there was a way of accepting in this group (but not better for the others). In this particular vipadin, Lyudin is not a city, nor is he guilty of and in any way recognizable to the motive of the lack of improvement in all other motives.
The role of the skin pitoma of the skin with reinsured motives in the backward motivation among children is far from the same. If a person is not clear enough about the security of his work, then the strength of motivation before the victorious will take the robber and the rule will not be too bad.
management of risik
Yak pidvishiti rivn bezpeki?
The main food of the theory and practice is safe.
Obviously, for the whole family, you can vitrachati in three straight lines:
Adequate technical systems and equipment;
Staff training;
Lіkvіdatsіya inheritance.
The basis of risk management is based on the method of reducing vitrates and removing the benefits of reducing the risk.
Post-life vivchennya nebezpek
Stage 1 - early analysis is not safe (the detection of the dzherel is not safe, that part of the system is not safe, as it is possible to fail, and it is also possible to introduce an error in the analysis, so that it is not safe, as it is not possible to be incapacitated).
Stage 2 - Revealing of the last unfavorable situations.
Stage 3 - heritage analysis.
Methods for securing the best performance .
method- way to reach meti.
There are three methods of baking safety.
method A to be stored in a spacious or hourly podіlі homosphere і noxosphere. It is possible to reach by means of remote keruvannya, automation, robotization, organizing and in.
The homosphere is a space (working zone), where people are in the process of this activity.
The Noxosphere is a space, in which it is constantly visible, and it is not safe from time to time.
method B store in the normalization of the noxosphere by the way of the victories. Tsia sukupn_st of visits to seize people in the form of noise, gas, saw, injuries are not safe by means of complex capture.
method B including the gamut of priyomy and preoccupation, straightened on the adaptation of the people to the general middle and the advancement of their prey.
The Danish method of realizing the power of professional staff, training, psychological input, instruction, storing individual tasks for the job.
center of Technogenic safety of people
2. Technogenic bezpeka
Before the technogenic, it is not safe to know that they are in the process of functioning of technical objects for reasons that they are not connected to the real people who will serve the services.
Іnkshe it seems, technogenic nazyyuyu not bezpekami, tied without the nature of mechanisms, machines, sporud, technical annexes.
Technogenic are not safe to follow the next approaches, directing to the detailed technology.
Technogenic are not safe for flowing into people can be:
mechanical;
physical;
cheeky;
Psychophysiological.
mechanical problems flap falling, scho collapsing, wrapped in objects of natural and piece walking.
Mechanic not safe for natural powerє collapsed і rocks in the mountains, snow avalanches, villages, hail and ін.
Noses of mechanical problems of piece hikingє Mechanisms and machines, development, transport, awakening and equipment, which infuse into the force of the new circumstances on the people of their own masoyu, or іnh power.
As a result of a series of mechanical problems, it is possible to reduce the risk of serious problems.
It is possible to divide into two classes - energetic and potential.
Mechanical problems are widespread in all types of people's abilities (sports, by-butovoy, virobnichi).
It is clear that the deyaki are not safe for the technogenic character and that they are pouring into people.
2.1 Vibrations
Vibratsiya- there are a lot of mechanical kolivannya, which are found in the spring walls, as they are sprinkled by the organism of people yak strus.
For the whole body in the seated position, the resonance is infused at frequencies of 4 - 6 Hz. When the frequency is adjusted to 0.7 Hz, there can be resonant colony in the organs. For organs that have grown in the thoracic cavity and black empty ones (breasts, diaphragm, live) with resonant frequencies of 3 - 3.5 Hz.
Due to the nature of the contact of the foreman with the available possessions, the following is attributed to:
Local vibratsiyu (transmitted in the main through the letters of the hands and nig);
Zagalnu (transmitted through the support-arm device)
When you go to the organism of a zalous vіbratsії in pershu cherga hordaє:
Support-rocking apparatus;
Nervous system;
Analyzators (such as vestibular, healthy, tactile).
In working-class vocational professions, there are problems with problems, coordination problems, symptoms of obstruction. In the midst of the flowing outlandish vibrations, there is a decrease in pain, tactile and vibrational sensitivity.
Vibratsіyna ailment from the inflow of fabulous vіbratsіy and shipments to be rebuilt from the transport drivers and transport-technological machines and aggregates at the plants of gypsum concrete virobіv. Robbers skip on pains across, bumps, in the area of the slunk, lack of appetite, lack of sleep, irritation, swelling.
The scourge of the up-and-down business, especially machine-building, is a local variation. Locally selectable, head rank, individuals who work with manual mechanized tools. Local vibrations of the wikipedia spasms of the bladder, before the plague, ruining the blood flow. One hour, the day is on the nerves of the end, the meat and the cyst of the tissue, the wipes of the salt in the folds of the fingers.
The intensity of the vibrations in the living booths is from all the way to the dzherel. The most common comments, registered in the radio 20 m from the dzherela, had a negative reaction in 73% of residents, and at 35-40 m, 17% of residents were seeing them.
Prior to the factors of a viral middle ground, like a big shkidlivy infusion of vibratsia on an organism, it is possible to apply:
Abovemіrnі m'yazovі navantazhennya;
unwelcoming climatic mind, Especially the temperature is lowered, the value is adjusted;
High-intensity noise;
Psycho-emotional stress.
Infusion of vibratsia on the organism of people
Dzherela comments:
Conveyor of fizzy vantazhiv;
perforators;
Pneumatic hammer;
Electric motors.
It is due to the nature of the contact of the foreman with the available possessions of the :
Local variation - transmitted in the main through the hand and nig;
Zagalnu - transmitted through the support-arm apparatus.
local selection- it is easy to use in the main when robotic with a hand-operated tool or on-site possession.
Zagalna Vibratsia- reloading on transport vehicles, in the virobnik shops of important machinery, lifts, to de-pick up pidlogs, or in the main possession.
Just people look around like a mass with spring elements, which may cause power frequencies, like for the shoulder girdle, stegon and heads that support the surface (positioned "standing") - warehouse 4-6 Hz, heads with shoulders (positioned - "seated") - 30 Hz.
For more internal organs of power, the frequency should be in the range of 6-9 Hz.
The intensity of the vibrations in the living booths is from all the way to the dzherel. Most common views, registered in the radio up to 20 m from the dzherela, have negative reactions from 73% of residents, and at 35-40 m, 17% of residents see the number of people seen.
A systematic inflow of out-of-the-box vibrations, which is characterized by a high level of vibrations, can lead to sickness, as it is characterized by impaired physiological functions of the body, by the connection with the nervous systems of the central. The destruction of the headache, the destruction of the sleep, the destruction of the ideal, the destruction of the self-esteem, the destruction of the heart.
Prior to the factors of a viral middle ground, like a big shkidlivy infusion of vibratsia on an organism, it is possible to apply:
1.the supermundane
2. unfriendly microclimatic mind, especially the temperature is lowered,
3. noise of high intensity,
4. psycho-emotional stress.
Zakhist vіd vіbratsії
Struggle with the election in the dzhereli and її viniknennya;
vibration damping;
Vibroisolation;
Zasosuvannya zasobіv special іndivіdualnogo zaist.
2.2 Noise
noise - the sound frequency and intensity, change smoothly in the hour.
The noise is infused into the whole body of the people:
1.drive to the central nervous system;
2. Wickedness of the quickness of the response and the pulse;
3. spriy ruined exchange of speech;
4.Spriy vyniknennyu heart-bladder ailments, creeping shlunk, hypertonic ailments.
In the face of the incessant noise, sleeplessness, a decrease in ceremonial work and productivity of work.
For normal sensation of people, noise (equal to the sound vise) of 10-20 dB is required. Tse the noise of leafing, the park abo lisu.
Navkolishni us noisy may sound the sound:
Rosemovna mov - 50-60 dB;
Autosirena - 100 dB;
Car engine noise 80 dB;
Guchna Muzyka - 70 dB;
Bliskavka-130 dB;
Winder hammer - 90 dB.
Noise with a sound grip of up to 35 dB є is sound for people.
The sound pressure of 40-75 dB in the minds of the side-by-side or the natural middle ground means that it is nailed to the nervous system;
Injecting noise at a level of 75 dB can lead to loss of hearing;
When there is a high noise level (140 dB), there is a lot of ripping of drum crossings, contusions;
If the noise is more than 160 dB, death is possible.
Triva diya noise 80-90 dB to produce professional deafness.
It was established that the level of noise in the apartment was 35 to 50 dB and the significant increase in the period of time was determined.
The level of noise at night is not guilty of perevischuvati 35 dB. 13% of dreamers react to noise of 35-40 dB, and 35% of divers respond to 45 dB.
Awakening insist ring at a noise level of 50.3 dB.
See the noise:
Shock (stamping, kuvannya);
Mechanical (grating, bey);
Aerodynamic (in apparatuses and pipelines in case of great performances to the trouble).
Dzherela to noise:
All types of transport;
Promislovi ob'єkti;
Budivelnі cars;
Music instruments;
A group of people and around people.
Technical equipment for the budget (lift);
Sanitary equipment for the building (double-sided faucets, hot-water toilets);
Give me some more.
Method to fight with noise:
Reducing noise in dzherely;
sound clay;
sound insulation;
Acoustic obrobka prim_schina;
Changing the noise on the way to the wider road;
Installation of mufflers in noise;
Rational planning of enterprises and workshops;
Zasosuvannya zasobіv individual zaist.
2.3 Electric strum
The action of an electric struma on a lyudin has a versatile character. Pass through the organism of people and electric strum wiklikє:
termichne;
electrolytic;
Biological diya.
Strum with a force of 100 milliamperes - lethal (220 volts or 5 amperes or 5000 milliamperes).
Termichna diya struma manifested in the indications of deyakykh okremikh dilyanok tila, heating of blood-bearing vessels, nerves, blood, etc.
Electrolytic diya struma to manifest itself in the distributed blood and other organisms of the body and the deterioration of the physical and chemical warehouse.
Biological diya struma it manifests itself as a razdratuvannya and awakening living tissues to the body, as supervising mimic convulsive fast-moving muzzles, including legends and hearts.
The development of an electric struma can bring up to two types of battle:
Electrical injuries;
Electric shocks.
Rise of such electrical injuries:
1. Electricity statements- nayposhirenіsha electrical trauma.
Development of 4 stages of opikiv:
1.Powerfulness of shkiri;
2. approval of pukhir_v;
3. the deadness of all comrades of shkiri;
4. carbonized fabric
The severity of the damage to the body is accumulated by the degree of opic, and by the area of burnt surface of dust .
2. Electric signs- neatly surrounded by the beaches of a gray or white color on the surface of a shkiri of people, as she knew the struma.
3. metalization of shkiri- the price of penetration of metal particles found in the upper balls of the metal, melting before the next electric arc. Metallizatsiya supervodzhutsya opіk shkіri, scho wiklicatsya Having heated up with metal.
4. Mekhanіchnі ear - as a result of the fast mimic shipworm, there are very fast muzzles in front of the strum to pass through the tilo. As a result, there may be a rise in the risk of shkiri, blood-bearing vessels and nerve tissue.
2.4 Safe for roadside transport
Infections in Ukraine of skin 10 chilins are caused by road transport, skin 40-45 chilines are up to 30 persons, and up to 170 persons will receive important injuries.
Law of Ukraine "On the road ruch" social foundations the road to the road for the protection of the life and health of the huge people, the establishment of safety and comfortable minds for the participants in the road and protection of the new natural environment.
There is a great number of injuries to passengers and the water of passenger cars that can be cleared through the doors, which can be seen on the move, as well as being tied from the window slope.
Safety issues in a passenger car as a percentage of incurred losses:
Misce vodia - 62.1%
Right-hander from water - 17.7%
Back in the middle - 1.9%
Back for water - 5.1%
Behind the right-hander from the water - 13.2%
Dynamical development of podіy in case of an accident.
After 0.026 sec. the bumper is pressed in upon impact.
After 0.044 sec. vodіy chest clutch lama kermo.
After 0.068 sec. the passenger, scho sit on the front seat, vdarya into the panel.
After 0.092 sec. water and passenger, as if to sit with him on a mission, at once, hit their heads in the frontal forehead slope and get fatal injuries of the skull.
After 0.110 sec. the car is repaired slightly backwards.
After 0.113 sec. the passenger in the rear seat will be eliminated by fatal injuries.
After 0.150 sec. everything will end.
Price less than 0.2 sec.
On a huge transport, extreme situations are the most extreme when landing and hanging, at the time of extreme galmuvans.
When you are in the bus, you are most famous in the middle part of the cabin.
When the bus is in Russia, the most beautiful people are known to the denunciations of the ruch, and the mother is informed about the possibility of extreme situations and awakening on it.
With a strong sharp galvanic injury, a shia injury can occur. When you fall, get up, cover your head with your hands, wrap yourself in on the bik.
Go through the electric transport, if the current-carrying wire is switched on, followed by a streak, one hour two feet forward at the whole handrails, so do not close the electric motors with your own door.
The bus needs to go around the back, so that you can get to the vehicle, and then you need to go to the bus.
The tram bypasses and is required first for the same reason.
Rukhayuchis on the road, it is necessary to expose to the ruk.
2.5 Analysis of the causes of viral injuries
The main causes of viral injuries are as follows:
-organizing(Up to 65%)
a) inadequate instruction and training;
b) failure of the technological process, the mode of repair and repair;
c) low discipline;
-technical(Up to 20%) - inequality of possession, attachment, and instrument;
- sanitary-hygienic(Up to 10%) - deterioration of microclimate parameters, filthiness, gas content of viral applications, reduction of illumination, noise, vibration, etc.
- psychophysiological(up to 5%);
a) lack of satisfaction with the robot;
b) sp'aninnya on robots;
c) inadequate classroom in the collective;
d) the non-stagnation of the individual to the individual.
3. Microclimate of the working zone and normalization of its indicators
The general plans of the enterprise are developed with the help of urakhuvannya vimogo vimogo pratsi and sanitary-hygienic minds, which change or even include the possibilities of unsafe and extravagant willowy factors.
Falling out into the navkolishnє middle of the enterprise is divided into 5 classes I - V. Chemical and metallurgical enterprises - I class. Machinery - V. The width of the sanitary zone for the V class. - 50 m for I -1000 m min and it can be increased not more than 3 times after the weather with the authorities of the sovereign observation. The sanzone is guilty but ordered and landscaped with tree-chagarnikovy plantings.
Prior to the leather workshop, the production of products is presented in the form of deposits due to their character and in the flow to the midst.
Mechanical and storage shops are responsible for the fire, scorching, and ventilation.
Additional attitudes are guilty but motivated by the urahuvannya of the number of the working people.
The working zone is called the space of the encirclement of navkolishny constructions, 2 m above the level of the pidlogi, or the maidan, where the place of the primeval is located.
With the manifestation of high-pressure factors on the work machines, they are responsible for the transfer of systems and air-pressure, ventilation, ventilation, change the accumulation of high-pressure factors in the background. The work of the blame for the illumination, mothers and souls. Easy attachment for a comfortable robot.
The grip of a twist in R.Z. maє buty in between 760 mm Hg. fall up to 140 mm Hg wiklikas are signs of a sour lack. Normal weight loss is 19.5 - 20%.
In case of unhappiness due to technological, technical and economic reasons for not taking into account the optimal norms, it is necessary to determine the permissible norms of the standard GOST, OST and GDK. All robots are divided into categories: 1 - light physical, 2 - medium heavy and 3 - important. For the dermal category of severity, there is a rise in the type, the sense, the swiftness of the food for two periods of time, - warm from the middle of the season to food and cold from the bottom.
for example: v cold period in the 1st zone the fault is 21-24, the capacity is 75%, the turnover rate is 0.1 m / s, for the 3rd category, the volume rate is 75%, the turnover rate is 0.3 m / s. The warm period and the parameters of the onset: 1 category 23-25, volume 55%, turnover rate 0.1 m / s, for category 3, volume level 75% and food, turnover rate 0.4 m / s (0.2-0 , 6 m / s).
In quietly vipadkah, if instead of in povitri kisnyu<16% и фильтры не обеспечивают необходимой защиты, применяют изолирующие дыхательные аппараты.
Before entering from the health improvement of the nutritional center, the following should be submitted:
1. Mechanization and automation of viral processes, remote control of them in the form of a saw, gas, intensive convention, and also in case of great physics.
2. Viklyuchennya, albeit a change in high-class officials, introducing low-tech robotic processes.
3. Sealing of the possession of technological processes (nuclear power plants).
4. Isolation of food items in the workshop, which can be used to produce high quality images (cleaning, pickling applications, etc.).
5. Retalna and systematic tidying up of primitiveness.
6. Professional selection of practitioners, honey gazers.
7. The introduction of a special mode of robotics and repair (speed of the working day).
8. Sanitary and technical propaganda and the use of ovenless methods of robots.
9. Zachist vіd dzherel vippromіnuvannya.
10. Ventilation, air conditioning and scorching purposes.