Naivazhlivіshі centri vidbutku zalіznoї ore. Water resources of Pivnichnoy America. Water resources of Pivnichnoe America
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At the rate: "Economic geography and regional studies"
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Find the chotiri of the main types of vicopian energos:
natural gas
Zrazkovі value of the heat of combustion of various types of firing, as well as development and industrialization (to allow economically cost-effective distribution with a given technology), naphtha stocks are presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
Naphtha. Nafta is a natural confusion in carbohydrates, as, under normal grip, is in a small camp, protects against the breakdowns of volatile carbohydrates, as they vivify and leave the purchased (caps) at the upper part of the (near) part. When processing naphtha, remove naphtha, mastic, fuel oil and naphtha coke.
Fuel oil. Fuel oil is a sum of important rare hydrocarbons, which are used for the distillation of naphtha. Yogo warehouse lay in the warehouse of syroe naphtha and technology of distillation. The order of fuel oil and natural gas is used as fuel for the municipal government, as well as for industry, and for the production of fuel for sea and fish ships.
Naphtha coke. The solid component, which is left behind after the distillation of naphtha, is called naphtha coke. Qia is a solid mass, you can take revenge from 5 to 20% of fly-holes, from 80 to 90% tied in charcoal, close to 1% of ash and trocha. If you want naphtha coke to be stashed in the ranks of industrial galuzei (for example, as a food for preparing high-powered electrodes and food for barvniks), it is a great value to be healthy in warmth
Natural gas. Natural gas is in the amount of carbohydrates, so it can be stored in the leading rank among the representatives of the methane series and to replace small additives of other gases, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water and some helium. The main thing in natural gas is methane, protein in some form of house ethanu, in the small world, more important in carbohydrates. In nature, gases are thriving, and may be more likely to be stored with dioxid in coal, however, such gases do not lose the power of combustibility. There are two types of natural combustible gases - dry and vology. Dry gases are stored in the main methane and also contain propane, the smell does not take away more important carbohydrates, which can condense when compressed. In terms of combustible gases, there is a difference in the amount of natural gasoline, propane and butane, which can be considered as additional compression or extraction.
Gas condensate. Products are stored in the main propane and butane, which are natural gas in the windows. Їх to be washed also at naphtorecycling plants, they are called clean gases. Gazi, whether it’s like a prodigy, will volodyuyu with a high flying build, it is easy to convert it into a small camp, giving rise to a vice. Because of the condensate can be transported through pipelines and in overhead and tank trucks. You can take it from the earth in individual natural reservoirs or on the surface of the earth in special reservoirs.
Kam'yane vugillya. Kam'yans vugillya crazy in the coal mass, the leaders and deeds of the minerals. Winning peat as a result of a tricky infusion of bacteriological and biochemical processes. In the transformed peat in the form of kam'yanogo wugillya a great role is played by temperature and vice. The flow of flowing water should be produced before the appearance in the strata of the cam'yan vugilla of a larger number of third-party minerals, which are transferred from the carbonaceous mass. Tsia Masa was taken away from the inflow of the curdled layer of breed.
There are two ways to develop the ancestors of the Kam'yanovy vugil. When developing in an open manner, the layer of the cam'yanovy is cleaned out of the ball, the rocks are laid behind the help of the excavators, as they can be used to build the vug on the transport vehicle. With the development of a cam'yanovy vugilya, a vertical mine is built by the underground method, or a horizontal shaft (adit) in the skyla gory, which leads to the stratum of the cam'yanovy vugilya. When a lot of kam'yan vugillya vityaguєtsya from the layer behind an additional vibuhovoy vidbіyki, or for the help of mechanic rozpushuvachіv and then rewrap in trolleys or on the conveyor.
Uranus. In modern energy installations, based on the principles of nuclear energy, uranium is used as a firing plant. Uranus will get from the earthly nadr, and this part will become approximately 4 · 10 -6. uranium ore to overwhelm and waste; in the case of a nuclear reactor, the concentration of isotope uranium with a mass number of 235 is 2 - 4%. It is possible to recycle and reject the deactivation of materials. In addition, on the basis of the concept of a breeder reactor (breeder), it is possible to increase the efficiency of natural uranium more efficiently, by converting non-split uranium isotopes with a mass number of 238 into plutonium-239. In a whole process and torii, the presence in natural nuclear firing, it is also possible to reconvert into the splitting of uranium isotopes. In nature, uranium-235 is produced in insignificant quantities, so if you need it in a nuclear fire, you will be satisfied with the additional breeding reactors.
Stocks of oil and natural gas. It is important to exactly rozrahuvati, to clean up the stocks of naphtha ( cm... tab. 2). While there are current tendencies to be careful, the growth of naphtha production in the past until 2018 will reach 3 billion tons.
Stock up on wugilya. Stocks of wugillya appraise lighter ( cm... tab. 3). Three quarters of light stocks, which will be stored for an approximate estimate of 10 trillion. t, fall on the edge of the colish SRSR, the USA and the PRC.
If I want more money on the Earth, less oil and natural gas, the reserves are not indispensable. In the 1990s, the rockets of the world were living in the amount of 2.3 billion tonnes per day. At the end of the day, as a result of the life of the oil, the life of the oil was not only developed in the countries, but in the industrialized countries. According to the current forecasts, the reserves of vugilla can be estimated at 420 rubles. If you live at a steady pace, then you won't be able to save up to 200 rubles.
Stock up on uranium. In 1995, a large minority of reliable uranium reserves were estimated at 1.5 million tons, while the additional resources were estimated at 0.9 million tons. Vvazhaєtsya, with great quantities of uranium, the land of the Kolishny Radiansky Union.
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Table 2. SVITOVI RESERVE NAFTI (INDICATIVE DANI), BLN. T |
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region |
development of stocks |
industrial stocks |
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close Skid |
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Lands of the SND |
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Latin America |
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Far East and Ocean |
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Zakhidna Europe |
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Table 3. SVITOVI RESERVE of the Kam'yanovy Vugil |
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region |
Bln. T |
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Lands of the SND |
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China |
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Zakhidna Europe |
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Oceania |
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Africa |
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Asia (without borders SND and China) |
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Canada |
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Latin America |
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all: |
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Water resources of Pivnichnoe America
Formation of the Russian system of Pivnichnaya America is heavily stuck in climatic minds, And also imaged the topography of the scene. There is one of those who have found a rick in the light here -
Mіssіsіpі, as well as the іchkov system, to avenge the majestic obsyag of water - the rychka of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes. Pivnichna America is a continent of small rivers, which in the meaning of the world is explained by its great water basins, which spread across wide valleys between the Canadian shield and the outskirts of the continent. Richkas, who take the cob on the Canadian Shield, in the Appalachians or the Cordilleras and streams in the direction of the central rivnines, are guilty of the viconati the majestic way, persh below the sea. Richkovy systems of St. Lawrence and Mackenzie drain most of the outskirts of the Canadian Shield. Richka Nelson, speeding up the decline in this land, wine and make the little Saskatchewan and Chervonoi across Lake Winnipeg towards the Hudson inlet, where there is also a rich contour of long stretches of worms. The system of Missouri - Mississippi - Ohio is great, taking the lead from the Cordillera, the Canadian Shield and the Appalachians, connecting the central and new regions of the United States to the middle of the continent. From the skelastic girders to the west, the rivers of Colorado, Columbia, Fraser and Yukon flow to the Pacific Ocean. To live in the snows of the mountain peaks, the stench is especially necessary in the quality of the water on the dry Pivdenny Sunset.
At the Pivnіnоamericanіkіy іchkovoі ісnu іsnu disproportion is twisted between the descent and approach: the main continental water, which passes through the bridle of the Skelyastikh gir, carries far to the west, the snarling of the current circuit. The new tributaries - Pis for Makenzi, Saskatchewan for the river Nelson and Missuri for Mississi - flow into them from the back side. Naybіlshі streams - Gudzonova, St. Lawrence and Mexican, - take the waterless little river, located on the axis of the continent. All the factories helped the European immigrants to worm their way through their Atlantic bases in the whole of Pivnichnaya America. In addition, there is a significant inconsistency between every day and every day: on the weekends from the Rio Grande there are no small rivers, but lakes, which can reach a large number of quiet, well-developed
Lakes. Pivnichna America ryasnі lakes. Most of them are small and small. Lodovik made a splash of a hundredth in the form of the continental system and the drain, widening the passage across the Appalachian and Cordilleran and making great lakes in the virgin depressions. The Great Lakes Region can start to swell with history, fragments of Lake Verkhny and Huron drifted into the hole in the Dolodovik's hour. On the midst of the ninish lakes Eri and Ontario lay the lowlands and ridges, and the taut wapstone swell of the Niagari piled up in the clay-shale valleys to the west and the west. The Lodoviki, who collapsed along the depressions and valleys, killed them until the basins were broken, and the water was accumulating; in the world, like a lid tanuv, the Great Lakes were established. Until quietly, when the iceman has blocked the stick through the St. Lawrence River, there is an excess of water for the day, in Mississipi, Ohio, Seskichena, Mouhawk and Hudson. If the ice flooded the inflow of St. Lawrence, the waters of the lakes knew more than one way through the river St. Lawrence; all the way down the river, and the beaches abandoned by the water have been squeezed far away from the terrifying shores. Besides, crust Having bent down under the nameless carriage of the ice dweller, she began to grow up at once from the surplus of the great coastal line, unsuccessful, all the food came from the urge of water. Analogous ancient Uzbeks operate the inflow of St. Lawrence, which was injected into the ice lake Schemplein; Lake Vinnipeg, the surplus of the non-draining ice lake Agasi; і Athabasca lakes, Velikie Nevilnich and Velike Wedmezhe, as well as є surpluses of great and wide ice pools. Bagato of Lake Zahidnoi Kanadi settled, if the iceman blocked the waterway in the direction of the Hudson tributary or the Beaufort Sea. Distant for the day, near the Great Basin, a boarding period, which spivpav from icy in greater latitudes, taking the establishment of the colossal lakes of Lekhenton and Bonvil. Great Solone Lake є the backwater of Lake Bonvil, the ancient coastline of which is raised by the current year at 300 m. іnshomu. All lakes serve as a part of the water system of the continent. Dawn, lakes and swamps so densely occupied a large part of the Canadian Shield, so they created a half land, half water landscape.
Richki. The water modes of the Little America are superbly versatile. Tі from them, scho flow to pivnіch, yak Yukon, Makenzі, Chervona, Nelson and іchki і іdnoi Canada, charge freeze. Oscillations from the upper stream start to flood in the ice earlier, lower to the lower (they are flooded for the first time), then they often flood in the spring, especially when the ice starts to catch and flood early. Make sure to pass the hinges and on the cob of the lithium on the St. Lawrence River; winters fall to cover the frozen ground, accumulating for the spring flood.
Follow the rivers of the Mississippi system as well as canopies, if the water from the winter areas in the water supply pool reaches the ryadny boards on the Great Plains and in the northern states; In some cases, it is possible to reach certain scales. Flooding up to the middle of the summer is subject to anger, which is brought by tropical winters from the Mexican inflow, as well as pretending to be a rakhunok of mussels. Repeatedly try to trample in the middle of the autumn, if the continental polarity again (during the summer) activates cyclones that pass over the Central Valley. Most of the small markets in the United States may have two peaks of high water - on the cob and in the winter.
At the first sunset of the United States, the flood will be brought in for the winter, some of the rivers will dry out every now and then. At the private halves of the Cordilleras, navpaks, boards, they are vipadayut permanently, if they want to charge them more. Near the pivdenniy tropical zones, the rivers are on the waterways of the river, behind a vinyat, quietly, flowing along the arid dilyankas from the lateral side of the mountain ridges.
Gold ore family of Russia
Salted ores can be divided into a number of types:
bury zaliznyak
chervoniy zaliznyak
Magnetic gold deposits (magnetic ores) and in.
The economic assessment of gold ore genera is based on the specific characteristics of the ore:
with a pet wagon in a new zaliza and іnshih elements
zbagachuvan_st
Russia has over 40% of its reserves of open-grade ores. Headquarters balance stocks become close to 65 billion tons, including 45 billion tons of industrial categories (A + B + C1). Mayzhe 30 billion tons (43%) is represented by ores, which can be replaced by 50% of gold in the middle of the day, which can be sold without storage, and 15 billion tons (30%) - by ores, which are added to storage for simple schemes.
The developed reserves of gold ores for the European part of Russia fell 88%, and for the part of the skidnoe - 12%. The great gold ore basin є Kursk Magnitna anomaly (KMA), 60% of the land balance ores of the land are desosed. KMA will hunt in the main territory of the Kursk and Bulgorod regions. The demand for layers reaches 40-60 m., And in the surrounding areas - 350 m. The balance reserves of open-grade ores of KMA (cat. A + B + C1) are estimated at 43 billion tons, including 26 billion tons in bulk up to 60%, of hard quartz in bulk up to 40% - at 17 billion tons. T.
Kola-Karelian genera of zaliznyh ores (GZK): Kovdorskoe, Olenegorskoe (Murmansk region) and Kostomukshinskoe (Karelia). Rudy of the Kovdor tribe is characterized by a wrinkle of close to 32% and an increase in phosphorus (3%). Rudy is kind enough to go back to seeing apatite. Rudy Olenegorsk's ancestors receive 33% of the saline, as well as manganese, titanium and aluminum, which is too low on a small glybin and may have a tighter layer (from 30 to 300 m.). Kostomukshinskoe ancestry will be mastered spilno in Finland. Salt ore from the Kolsky Pvostrov and Karelia to serve as the base of the Cherepovets Metallurgical Plant.
ore resources Ural district represented in the following groups of ancestors: Tagilo-Kuvshirskaya, Kachkanarskaya, Bakalskaya, Orsko-Khalilovskaya (Novotroitsk). The Tagilo-Kuvshinsky group includes the genera of the gir of Blagodati, Visokoi and swan. Vmist zaliza in ores - 32-55%. Vaughn to serve as the base of the Nizhniy Tagil Combinat. The ancestry is exploited in an open and subterranean way. The Kachkanar group of ancestors was roasted at the school of the Ural Mountains (Sverdlovsk region). Rudi titanomagniєviy, bіdnі behind zmіstom zlіza (17%), less easily reversible. Smell to take revenge on vanadium and an insignificant amount of small houses and serve as the base of the Nizhny Tagil Combine and Chusovsky plant. The Bakal group of gold ores was roasted in the Ural Mountains (Chelyabinsk region). Vm_st zaliza in burik zaliznyaky become 32-45%. The ore is to take revenge on manganese and there are even few shkidlivny houses. The stench is delivered to Chelyabinskiy, Satkinskiy and Achinskiy metallurgic backwaters. The Orsko-Khalilovsky group of ancestors was dispersed on the schema of the Ural mountains (Orenburzka region). Rudy revenge nickel, cobalt, chrome. Vmist zaliza - 35-55%. Stink to serve as the base of the Orsk-Khalilovsky metallurgical combine.
In the Pivnichny Ural, the deposits of ore are deposited in the Pivnichny and Theological groups of ancestors. Rudi Pivnichnoe group (Sverdlovsk region) is represented by magnesian zaliznyak with a total amount of 40-50%. Quite a few groups may have small reserves of gold ore.
In Siberia The developed reserves of green ores are small (7.4% of those in the Ukrainian lands).
V Zakhidny Sibir the stench is concentrated in two regions: in the Girskiy Shore and in the Girskiy Altai. Zalizni ore Girskaya Shoriya (Kemerovo region) є the base of the Kuznetsk metallurgical combine (KMK). Average vmіst zaliza in them - 42-53%. The main genera of the Girskaya Shoria: Temirtau, Tashtagol, Odrabash, Shalimskoe, Sheregenskoe, Tashelginskoe. In Girskiy Altai (Altai Territory) there is a lot of ore from the soil and three genera: Beloretskiy, Inskiy and Kholzunskiy. Rudy behind the bulk of the deposit is brought to the household (30-42%) and cannot be exploited within an hour. On the territory of the Zakhidno-Sibirskiy region, the largest in the light ore basin is the Zakhidno-Sibirskiy. The area of the pool should be close to 260 yew. Sq. km. Geological reserves are estimated at 956 billion tonnes. Naybilsh is effective for development in the Bakcharskoe family basin (Tomsk region). Wono borrowed an area of 16 thousand. Sq. km. The ore horizon of the genus is to become 20-70 m. I zalyagє at depths of 160-200 m. Rudy can be up to 46% gold, as well as houses with phosphorus and vanadium. Forecast reserves of avalanche ores are estimated here at 110 billion tons. Sq. km. The need for ore horizons to become 25-40 m., Vmist zaliza - 30-46%, reserves of conditioned ores - 3 billion tons. Forecast reserves of the Bakcharskoe genus are 2 times higher than the reserves in the land. As soon as the family has been exploited from the most exploited because of the ancestry of Siberia, it will be replaced by more than one such family.
The Skhidny Siberia has the largest genera of gold ores: Abakanskoe, Teyskoe, Irbinskoe, Krasrokamenskoe and Angara-Pitskiy Basin in Krasnoyarsk Territory, Angara-Ilimsk Basin and Neryungri Clan in Irkutsk region, Berezovsky ancestry in the Chita region. Abakan ancestry is rich in magnetic ores. Average vmіst zaliza in them is 45%. The ore is supplied to KMK. The Teyan ancestry is ma rudi with a middle vmist salary of 37%. Irbinskoe genus of zoseredzhu zaliznі ore, middle vmіst zaliza, in yak, reaching 46-50%. Angara-Ilymsk Zalizorudny Basin is used in chastkovo. The ore is found in the Korshuovskoe family and comes to the Zakhidno-Siberian Metallurgical Plant. The middle vmest zaliza in the ores is 30-40%, and the stench is good. The Angara-Pitskiy basin has its own ordered reserves of volatile ores in 1.6 billion tons. The amount of gold in ores is 32-38%. Smell vimagayut folding methods of zbagachennya.
NS
forecasted reserves of avalanche ores distant descent estimate at 3 billion tons. Voni zoseredzheni in the main in the Aldan basin. Among the ancestors of the most common taigovykh, Pionerske and Sivaglinskoe. Taigovy is the most generic, its reserves are estimated at 1.3 billion tons. Rudy is 46% of salinity in the middle, and 60% in the near strata. Pionerske genus is made of ore, with an average amount of 40%. In the Sivaglinskoe genus, ore is covered with 58% in the middle, and up to 72% in the surrounding layers. It is of great interest to represent the quartzites of the charoite-Tokkinsky and Olekminsky ancestors with projected reserves of 6 billion tons, and ale the development of the odor is still lacking.
literature
Natural resource potential Russiaі Murmansk region
Abstract >> EcologyNot obvious. Mineral resources Development of the most important ore ore genera. zalizorudnі resources Russia zalizorudnі misce narodzhennya roztasovani in the Kemerovo region and Girskiy Altai ...
Geographic location Russiaі її natural resource potential
Abstract >> GeographySND (Kazakhstan). Wandering Siberia has navazhlivish zalizorudnі misce narodzhennya roztashovany in Girskiy Shoriyi (Kemerovo region ... near bagatokh districts of the region. Russia ancestry located in the Murmansk region (Khibinskoe), in Zakhidniy ...
resource potential Russia (1)
Abstract >> EconomicsStocks of cinnamon copalin ore ore genera. zalizorudnі resources Russia represented by storms, chervonyi (or ... regions of the land. In Western Siberia, zalizorudnі misce narodzhennya roztashovany in Girskiy Shoriyi (Kemerovo ...
"BES". A.M. Prokhorov. 1998 r
"Economic geography of Russia". І. І. Barinov. 2000 RUR
resources Russia represented by storms, chervonyi (or ... the islands of Sakhalin. ore ore genera. zalizorudnі resources Russia represented by storms, worms (or ...
Iron ore industry; n. Eisenerzindustrie; f. Industrie de minerais de fer; I. Industria minera del hierro) kuscuvannya gold ore syruin for the melting of chavun and steel. Zdobich gold oreі rejecting it from it for a long time. The way of otrimannya z (syrodutny process), apparently, will be seen in Maliy in the third - the ear of the second millennium BC. Mayzhe entire period of the 2nd millennium BC. the iron-making industry was interconnected with the servants of the sacred spheres of life. From the last thousand years in the regions of Little Asia, Transcaucasia and Western Asia, it has become the main material for preparing the world for good and for good.
In 1981, the production of commercial ore (16% of the production in the CCCP) was held as the head rank for the rakhunok of the earliest of the 70s. Mikhaylovskiy, Lebedinskiy GZK and Stoilenskiy will be with an open-cut ore (typical skin strain is 24-48 million tonnes of syroe ore). The main reserves of high-grade ores will be deposited on great glybin(Ponad 700 m) in the folding girnich-and-engineering-geological minds. The pre-industrial Yakovlevsky mine is being built according to the type of cich ores. The ore base of the Cherepovets and the largest metallurgical plants and the base of magnetite ore in Olenegorsk, Kovdorsky, Kostomuksha ancestors of the Kolsky pyvostrov. For securing metallurgical plants in the Urals and Siberia, the ore base of the districts of the country has been significantly expanded. In the Ural diyut Kachkanarskiy girnicho-zbagachuvalny combine, Pivnichno-Pishchanska mine, build a vidobot Visokogorsk i Goroblagodatskoe ore administration... In Kazakhstani, in Kostanayskiy Zalizorudny District, For a constant Magnitogorsk metallurgical combine(At the close of the mining stocks of the Magnitna m), the plants of the Pivdenny Ural, the Karaganda metallurgical plant, the Sokolovsko-Sarbaisky miner-zbagachuvalniy combine, the Lisakovsky GZK are encouraged, will expand, expand Atasuy zal_zorudny district, Learn the Korzhinkolskoe ancestry. Ore base of metallurgical factories in Siberia (West Siberian and Kuznetsk) (Biloritske, Ukrainian and Holzunskoe). At the descent of the land, the Syrovin base є the genera of the Pivdenno-Aldan region (taigov, Desovskoe) і in the Pivdenniy Yakutia, (Amurskaya oblast) and the Kimkanskoe (Khabarovsk Territory) genera
The products of the gold ore enterprises - commodity ore (Table 1), are represented by concentrate and natural-rich ore (agglomerated and lumpy).
Technology for the recovery of magnetite ore to transfer crushing , detailed , magnetic separation , deslamation... For the exploitation of significant reserves of low-magnetic ores (oxidized quartzite), the technology of storage in a strong magnetic field has been broken up (Mikhaylovsky girnich-zbagachuvalny combine). zbagachuvalny factories be equipped with the most common possessions of the great single exertion: pellets , mlini samozdrіbnyuvannya(Diameter 9 m, length 160 m 3), culverts (length 82 m і 140 m 3) and іnshі; magnets separators(Productivity 250 t / h); hydrocyclones(Diameter 350-1400 mm); magnetic deslimers; vacuum filter... At the pelletizing factories, conveyor-type pallet machines (, Pivnichny,) and special pich (Poltava garnishing-zbagachuvalny combinat) are installed. Technical progress when ore processing and preparation are made, they will be provided with supplies at the production facilities automatic systems management of both technological processes, as well as virobiztvom in general (for example, automated control system for car transport at Inguletsky GZK; .).
Gold ore industry in the largest socialist regions. Syrovin base of gold ore industry Bulgaria(Metallurgical Combine "L. Brezhnov" in Pernik) Ugorshchina for 4/5 will get my food consumed in Syrovin for a rakhunok import, mainly from the CCCP (combinati in Borsod, in Dunaujvaros). In the genus of wild ores in the Western Rumunskiye Mountains, it is a base for metallurgical combines in Resitsa, Hunedoari and Galati, partly to work on the mixed ore, and often on the imported syrovin. Chorna metallurgy Czechoslovakcini for 85% of the work on the privyzniy ore. View of open-cast ores in Yugoslavia(In Bosnia - the lineage of Lyubia and Varesh; in Macedonia - the lineage of Uichevo) zalizniy ore metallurgical combinates, such as in the leather republic. There are large reserves of open-grade ores, protein ore of low quality and land is brought into importation of high-quality ore to remove the required charge for blast furnaces. In China, the head metallurgical base of the country є the genera of avalanche ores at the winter gathering (the genera Liaonin, Hebei, Ankhoi, Khubei and іn.) Shіtszіnshanskiy and Taiyuan metallurgical plants, backwaters in Tianzin and Tangshan). Poland, volodyuchi small genera of avalanche ores in the region of Czestochowa, mainly to import saline ores from the regions of Poland. Czechoslovakia, Rumunia, I mean part of the ore is imported from the CCCP.
In the industrialized capitalist regions, where the development of the gray base of the gold ore industry is developing, it is characterized by significant growth in developed reserves - close to 193 billion tons in 1983 (77 billion tons in the mid-50s). The deposit of fallen ores is unevenly distributed: 48% of reserves in the regions that are being developed, a part of which in the preserved ore does not change 6%, 52% - in industrialized capital of metals - 18, in the main the land of Zakhidnoi,).
A total vid of open ores in industrial capital cities, which were developed in 1983, was deposited close to 520 million tons. Promislovo developed lands dominated by the type of ores (table. 2), hocha this part in 1950-81 was reduced from 92 to 60%.
The main producing countries in the meaning of the group of countries є Australia, USA ,. At the same time, in the United States, Switzerland and France are referred to the number of "old" districts in the form of saline ores, then in Australia and Canada the gold ore industry is developing only from the 50s. 20th century Until the 2nd World War of 1939-1945, the United States more often got sick of gold ore, protesting in the 1970s. їх demand in the syruin was satisfied with the rakhunok of the monkey vid by approximately 2/3. The main development is carried out in the region of the origin of Lake Upper and adjacent to the new states of Minnesota, Visconsin, Michigan. Vidobuvatsya ore revenge close to 50% of the saline. Near the link with the hanging reserves of high-grade ores, there has been a growth in the region of Mesabi of single taconite ores (with a total deposit of close to 27%).
Some of the companies in the United States with a type of gold ore are Hanna Mining, Pichands Mather, Clivlend Cliffs Iron, as well as daughter companies of such metallurgical monopolies, such as United States Steel, National Steel. The main area of the vidobutku ore ore in Australia - Hamersli - Pilbara (close to 90% vidobutku in the country), deyut such large mines, yak "Paraburdu" (40 million tons per year), "Mount Weylbeck" (32 million tons) , Mount Tom Price (24.5 million tons), Pannauonika (16 million tons), Mount Goldsworth (7.8 million tons). Canada has species of gold ore in the provinces of Newfoundland, Quebec and Ontario. Brazil, Volodya has the largest reserves of avalanche ores, borrowing the first month in the capitalist world (the vid is close to 100 million tons per year, 1983). In the country, the main amount of ore is being developed with a total of more than 60%. The main gold ore region of Brazil is the state of Minas Gerais (as it is called the gold ore chotirikutnik), the great kar'єri "Kaue" (46 million tons), "Conceisan" (20 million . T), "Zhermani" (10 million tons per rik).
View from 13 gold ore companies, most of them - the state "Compania Vale do Rio Doce" (60% view and 75% export of gold ores). In the form of hard ores in the cikh lands of reloading, there is a method of processing: 85% of the total amount of ore in the capital of ore (1980). Pitoma of the wag of open critical boxes (%): Australia 100, Brazil 100, India 100, USA 98, Canada 98. The underground way of production is mainly in the countries Western Europe(France, FRN, Switzerland, Great Britain). On the Kar'uras, one should become a head rank transport system of distribution... To be introduced into the operation of enterprises (Brazil, Australia, Canada), they are characterized by a large size and technical equipment, an increase in the need for footwear and transport facilities. vikoristvuyutsya widely Excavatori with a bucket of 6-11 m 3 (in Canada 15-17 m 3, in Australia it is 18 m 3), self-skid and vantazhopidyomnistyu 100 tons and more (in Australia 230 tons, in the USA 300 tons). On the most American enterprises, railroad transport with automated controls is used. At the great mines (for example, in Switzerland), a system is used to process ore. top deboned It allows to preserve selective ore production, the flexibility of the footwear robots and the high mechanization of the footwear processes.
The development of the gold ore industry is characterized by a tendency to increase the amount of ores with a low volume of ore while growing to the quality of commercial ore: the middle is instead of a deposit in the commercial ore (1960) up to 60%. At the same time, there is a need for the storage of high-grade hematite ores, which had not been previously processed beforehand. U 70-i pp. in Brazil, the recovery of extra-grained hematite ores with 45-50% Fe on zbagachuvalny factory in Kaua, de first the bule is stuck with a wet magnet separation in the intensive magnetic field; in Australia on the largest enterprises"Mount-Tom-Price" and "Mount-Weilback" magnetic separation... The recovery of single oxidized taconite ores is typical for the United States; samozdrіbnyuvannyaі by selective flotation... The connection from the growth of metallurgical production to the quality of the charge for blast furnaces is very fast for the production of agglomerate and waste (311 million tons, 1981). Warehouse of gold ore syruin, vicorized in the blast-furnace process: agglomerate - 45%, pellets - 35%, ore - 20%. The main demand for distribution of products (close to 75%) in the United States and Canada. Enterprises from the release of okatishiv start in Brazil, India.
U 70-i pp. less than 30% of total consumption in the gold ore of the region for the development of mineral resources black metallurgy(USA - by 65%, the territory of the European Economic Sp_vovodstvo - by 23%, Japan - by 1%). The growing depletion of provincial capital regions from the import of gold ore syruvina has taken an extended share of international trade in goods. For 1950-83 the export of avalanche ores (excluding the socialist territories) was increased from 37 million tons to 282 million tons (Table 3).
Over the course of the period, there have also been changes in the geographic structures of foreign trade: Australia, Canada, the regions of Latin, Africa and Asia have become a provincial center in the middle of exporters, thus the role of the western European countries. Exports of hard ores in industrialized capital regions in 1983, 138 million tons (49% of export), in regions where developing - 144 million tons.
In general, in terms of capital, in 1981, 63% of the hard ores were exported. For Canada, the indicator of sklavs is 84%, for Australia - 77%, for the territories, which are developing as a whole - 77%. The provincial importers of gold ore syruvin are Japan, USA. The country is importing 62% of the imported gold ores in the land of capitalist society (1983).
Gold ore resources of Russia are represented by burim, chervony (or hematite ores), magnetic zaliznyak (or magnetite ores) and ін. Yakisna characteristic їх development. Є stocks of both common gold ores, in which they accumulate in the boundaries of 25-40%, as well as abundant reserves of up to 68%.
Loan resources are unevenly distributed across the territory of Russia. The main part of reserves of gold ores is deposited on the European part of the land. Naybіlshі developed stocks of soil reduction in the Central-Chornozemny, Uralsky, Zakhidno-Sibirsky and Skhіdno-Sibirsky economic regions.
Near the European part of the land, the greatest is the gold ore basin of the Curonian Magnetic Anomaly (KMA). Vin is located on the territory of Bilgorodskaya, Kurskaya and Chastkovo Voronez regions Central Chornozem region, as well as the Oryol region of the Central region. The pool borrows an area of about 180 yew. Km2. The balance reserves of volatile ores are becoming close to 43.4 billion tons. The ore of KMA is stored mainly from saline quartzites (in the middle of the middle - 32%) and high-grade hematite ores (in the middle of 56-62%). Glibina zalyagannya range from 30 to 500 m Kursk regions The main part of the reserves of rich ores (Yakovlevskoe, Mikhaylivske, Lebedinske and Stoylensky) is the main part of the reserves. Rudy KMA is characterized by a large component warehouse. Covering and rocking breeds are represented by mineral-wake-up syruvina, additional materials for metallurgical breeding, bauxite and some other types of green-and-chemical syruvina. Hydrogeological study of the exploitation of the basin is foldable, as the ore is overrun by the hard-working, heavily watered siege rocks. The view of the ore is used by underground and visible methods.
The genera of the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia may have reserves of magnetite, titanomagnetite ores and gold quartzite. Rudy, with a reasonable amount of money (28-32%), is good to go. Most genera in the Murmansk region are Kovdorskoe and Olenegorskoe, in Karelia - Kostomukshskoe.
The ancestors of the Urals are drawn by a wide swamp from winter to weekday parallel to the Ural Mountain Range. Smells distributed on the territories of the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk and Orenburz regions. The balance reserves of open-grade ores in the Urals become close to 14 billion tons.
In the Pivnichny Ural, lay the gold ore in the Pivnichny and the Bogoslavian groups of ancestors, in the Middle Urals - in the Tagilo-Kushvinsky and Kachkanar groups, in the Pivdenny Ural - in the Ordinary Khrupovskoy The main part of the reserves of open-cast ores in the Urals (70%) is deposited in the Kachkanar group in the Sverdlovsk region, de-overlaid with titanium-magnetite ores. The stench is permeable to the people, but not easily enriched, to be replaced in the middle by about 17% of saline, and also vanadium and insignificant number of small houses (gray and phosphorus). The genera are developed in an open manner and by the base of metallurgy enterprises in the Middle Urals.
The reserves of the Urals have been significantly violated by the present hour. Thus, the resources of the ancestors' gir Magnitna and Grace were selected. To that in the given hour the part of the ore syruvin will come to the Urals from the first districts of the land.
In Western Siberia, there are the most precious ore genera of roztashovani in Girskiy Shoriya (Kemerovo region) and Girskiy Altai (Altai Territory). Їх reserves become 1 billion tons. Rudi Girskaya Shoriya magnetite. The middle vmіst zaliza in them is in the range of 40-50%. The main part of the ore reserves of the Girskaya Shoriya zoserezhene in Temirtausky, Tashtagolsky, Shalimsky and other genera. The ore can be obtained both by the open and by the underground method. Vidobuvny ore є sirovinnoy base of the Kuznetsk metallurgical combine and Zakhidno-Siberian metallurgical plant. The genera of magnetite ores in the Western Siberia have emerged and in the territory Altai Territory(Нskoi and Biloritske family).
The balance reserves of the hard ores of the Skhidny Siberia will become 4 billion tons. They are located in the Angara region, Kuznetsk Alatau, in Khakassia and in Transbaikalia.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory has the Angara-Pitskiy Basin. Average vmest zaliza in ore syagaє 40%. Rudy is mostly refractory, difficult to enrich. Most of the genera in the basin - Nizhnyo-Angarsk and Іshіmbinskoe.
The Angara-Ilimsk basin in the Irkutsk region includes two great ancestors - Korshunovskiy and Rudnogorsk. Rudy may be made to change instead of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, which allows them to be self-melting and easily enriched. Developed in the main way.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, there are also great genera of zaliznyh ores, such as Abakanskoe, Teyskoe, Irbinskoe, Krasnokamensk. Є a number of ancestors in the Irkutsk and Chita regions.
At the Distant Descent, the genera of green ores were discovered in the Khabarovsk Territory, in the Amur Region, in the Primorsky Territory, in the Republic of Sakha. The main part of it (80%) was repaired in the Old Yakutia in the Pivdenno-Aldansky and Charoity-Tokinsky gold-ore regions. Here, magnetite ores are deposited with a bulk of 41-53% and a bulk of quartzite is easily enriched with a bulk of 28%. Developed in the main way