De baltiyske sea. Baltic Sea in Russia. P'yaniy lis i burshtin
The Baltic Sea, which is a European reference, is a border between all decile powers. Even earlier, a lot of princes and empires fought for the right to volodya roztasovany in the new ports, then the current situation in the region of the spokiyna aquatorium. Access to the coast Baltic Sea May nine powers: Russia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Denmark, Switzerland, Nimechchina and Finland.
The Baltic Sea is a great and even more closed sea region, growing far away on a cold winter. The sea is salty with silly and pure water. One link with the ocean is through Danish channels in the Pivnichna Sea. In addition, the Baltic Sea is covered with a majestic drainage area in what is more, below the sea itself, and practically all the earthly activity of people is poured into the sea middle. Nine lands are located along the Baltic Sea. Five of the largest regions have been re-installed in the drainage zone.
Determination of characteristics for a week for a day. At the Baltic Sea, water flows for a drink through the sounds and sounds of the western Uzbek coast of Switzerland in the Baltic Sea, which can be seen as Kattegat and Eresund. If the rush of salty water reaches through the Danish sounds the great, gliboki regions, rostashovani dal for pivnich, filled with salty and rich sour water. Tse is a sign of podіya, yak in the rest of the rock bulo irregular. To exchange water in the Baltic Sea, approximately one generation is required. Tse means that you will get lost in speech, as you see yourself in the water, to fall there for a trivial hour.
The Baltic Sea can be called a typical inland one. Vono roztashany in the Pivnichno-Zakhidniy part of Eurasia and to join the Atlantic Ocean in the Pivnichny Sea through the Danish channels. The size of the aquatorium to complete the great for Europe is 419,000 sq. M, while middle glybin to become 51 m (maximum indicator - 470 m). The Baltic Sea є we will lead through a great number of rivers, which flow into a new one, - at the same time in all the saints of Visla, Niman, Neva and Daugava. Nybilshoyu among them (bring more number lead to the pool) є our Neva.
The Baltic Sea is described as a single ecosystem in sight, but the number of times is seen from winter to weekday. The Baltic region itself stretches across the waters near the Aland Islands to Eresund. Tse sea region, yakiy maє nayskladnіshі natural mind and it is also possible to pour in more strangers from terrestrial, wandering and sea dzherels. Dalі on pіvnіch, in the Botanical Gardens about 80 miles of water - there is a clear water from the great rivers, which flow into the sea zone. The sea area is not glib, and the water often rises from the bottom to the surface.
As soon as the shores of the Baltic Sea are located, then as soon as the mainland part of the planet stinks, the stench came from the early entry to the winter skid. The greatest man on land is called the land from St. Petersburg to Stockholm - as much as 650 km of uninterrupted beach.
For the exchange of water in the Botanical Garden, approximately chotiri rocky is required. Salinity is the primary factor. The Baltic Sea is characterized by great salinity characteristics. Rivni salinity can be infused with life on the sea. Just a little bit of a species can live in such smart minds. The inflow of a population of 85 million people live in the drainage area of the Baltic Sea. Most of them live in half of them, and about half live in Poland. The whole district is intensively industrialized with the dominant forest operations at the winter and the national gift of the wine.
It will be fair to say that Baltiyske is far from waiting for a sphere into Russia. Tsіvnіchnі shores have long attracted tsars and princes of all feudal powers. Often to reach the commanders at the same time with the armies, the lassies of the sea coast were magalized, but the bazhanes did not go in. Varto tilki zgadati bloody try tsar Ivan the Terrible and fail the Livonian war.
Lively speeches, toxic speeches and those who get into trouble from the earth are early enough to appear in the sea, as well as obstructing the atmosphere. Values of zusilla bullets for viewing the largest dot dzherel. In such a rank, in the current events there are dominated by a large amount of small, diffuse dzherela, which in the present day represent the largest inflow on the Baltic Sea.
However, there is one more reality that has become uncommon: impediments are not new in the Mexican zatotsi. Experts seem to think that the territory of the country is 50 years old from the school of exploitation Silskoy government, Gas and naphtha. “Bogs lie under the salinity regime, and if you rotate the canals, salt water the seas are surrounded by sweet water. " Burn down, as you are on the sides of the canals, to establish its own kind of bar, and as the power of the sea shifts to the salty water on the other side of the park, you cannot hang on a natural path, explained Wiles.
Luck smiled Russia only on the cob of the 18th century. Pivnichna vіyna, as she hunted practically all of the pіvnіchnuyu and walled parts of Europe, allowed Peter Pershoy to remove his little shmotochka from the Finnish zatoka and start the process of "Europeanization" of the Russian people.
Mista on the Baltic Sea in Russia
The Christmas Baltic Sea is not only a strategic dilyanka, but rather a popular resort for residents of the country and neighboring regions. Here the water is cold, it is humid and riotous, but, however, there are no tourists who come here.
From the side, the knight of the tsikh natural resources opening a vacuum on the surface, "undershoot", which overflows the whole swamp and into the end bag, the collapse. Another serious problem, like a stretch of rock in the middle of the Persian inflow, is the price of going, brought by the river Miss, the most powerful river system in the New States, to go to the lake in the state of Italy, the river.
The small river is capable of transferring sea inputs from drainage systems and there is a great number of goodies and herbicides, which can be found in crops, which can replace nitrogen and phosphorus. According to estimates, it will be close to 1.5 million tons of nitrogen. These words stimulate the disproportionate growth of water growth. If the stench dies and breaks down, the stench will glaze the razchineniya kissen in the water columns.
Kaliningrad
(Port-terminal Kaliningrad)
The central place of the region, yak vidomo, formerly called Keninsberg. season great place on the sea, like a zoom, to save the picture of the great opportunities, having acquired a typical Russian viglyad. Today's people come not only to the grave of the great Kant, but to the mineral waters and beaches.
Ecological problems of the Baltic Sea
Dead zone and now more, - giving a slave. If the problem can be turned back by reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus overlaid with water, it is not easy in practice. "I am encouraged to accept advances in ecological knowledge, but it is still more abundant to lay the ground up", - adding Vin.
Felicia Coleman also fights for optimism. At one point, our field poses as soon as possible, pouring into the memory of the initiative, step by step to learn. Tse already passed in the serpentine, and yak Amaral was asleep “no last days". Well, well, shit. To speed them up, let's have a quick look at the options for a short break on the beaches of the Baltic Sea in Nimechchyna.
Svitlogorsk i Zelenogradsk
There are two typical resort towns, both of which are only in size. The first big and tourist. There is a great number of hotels and restaurants for whatever relish, the locals have long been adapting to drink guests and to smell the quiet and calm winds on the birch of the sea.
Wide and versatile inflow of Lubeck
At that hour, they talked about the most beautiful sceneries of the Pivnichnaya Sea, we would like to show you the most beautiful places on the path from the Danish Piostrov: the Baltic Sea in Nimechchin. We will fix it! qia geographic specialty at the winter gathering of Nimechchiny, one sees its beautiful beaches, mostly illuminated by other beaches. You can take a walk in the middle of the Dham dunes. tse unresponsive natural middle ground... Until the end of the day, you will have the opportunity to walk along Charbeutz's little fish and lighthouses to fill the coastline of the inflow.
There is a great number of small settlements in the coastal zone. It’s a lot of them to be busy with a video clip of a burshtin and to give excursions to an old brewery. The current Russian shores of the Baltic Sea became more Russian and for about an hour, since the land was overlaid by Europe, it was possible to reach only the state-roofed houses of the temples and stretch up to the shores of the two-topped budinochka with red tiles.
Island Rügen - fair paradise
Tsia is covered with water, the land is famous for Tim, so you can take revenge on a part of the cordon between Nimechchinoy and Poland. This means that offending the country can grow up to 45 kilometers of beaches, as well as small and quiet bays. Їх shifting the buv bi chimos to the sight of the "imperial seaside resorts". Ostrіv Rügen can boast of the greatest in the whole country and mothers up to 60 km national parks for a resort. Rügen is also seen as one of the sleepy nights in Nimechchin.
The Baltic Sea is gliboko vryzane in the winter-western part of Eurasia. Tse - the mainland sea Atlantic Ocean the system of the Eresund (Sound) ducts, Great Belt, Maliy Belt, in the name of Datsky ducts. The stench passes into the wide and wide channels of the Skagerrak, Kattegat, and lies right up to the Pivnichnaya Sea, as you can see the Atlantic Ocean.
Bella Rostock house over the Baltic region
As a matter of fact, it’s not marvelous, but for a few days it was close to 30 degrees. Ymovirno, who has found the place of the Baltic Uzbek region of Nymechchini, Rostok is also without beautiful beaches, as it is possible to see in its outskirts. Among them you can see Warnemünde with a different peak and 80 meters wide. There is also a great tourist port, as there are many cruise ships, as there are routes across the Baltic Sea in Nimechchina and other countries, swimming in one and the same assistant lead here.
The area of the Baltic Sea is road 419 yew. Km2, ob'єm - 21.5 yew. Km3, average depth - 51 m, best glybin- 470 m.
The Baltic Sea empties close to 250 rivers. Naybilshi rivers - Visla, Oder, Niman, Daugava, Neva. There is a lot of water to bring across the river Neva - in the middle 83.5 km3.
The Baltic Sea moved from the south-west to the winter skid, and the most recent road was 1360 km. The best place of the sea at 60 ° N. sh., between St. Petersburg and Stockholm, which rose 650 km.
There are three main natural regions of Europe: Alpi and іkh lіsovі ugіddya, European Mittelgebirge, Great Pivnichnu valley, ale and a lot of nuances and small fragments: small ones. as characterizing the Nimetsky light, took on the trend of regional peculiarities. If the Rhine wanted to re-flow three regions, he didn’t make the same capital in Paris or London.
Reliability is great. In addition to the private life, there are great relativistic ones on the outskirts. Fractionalization in the plateau, basins and valleys, ymovirno, spraying regionalization. Political fragmentation, which did not reach geographic determinism, took on physical nature: it is unfortunate that Nimechchin can be seen through the dominant landscape, like the whole world in the Netherlands. Three views of landscape parts, for a private day, territory. Alpіyska Nіmechchina is represented by Bavaria, de perevazhaє form of a plateau, with a thin swamp of the Vapnyan pre-Alps.
The bottom relief of the Baltic Sea is unremarkable. The whole sea lies in the boundaries of the shelf. The bottom of the yogo street porizane underwater depressions, Rozdіlenіy temples and socles of the islands.
The Baltic Sea is characterized by a long coastline. There is a lot of inundation, bays and a large number of islands. The sea represents the supremacy of the surrounding basins: zones of the Danish canals, of the central part of the sea and three great outflows - Botnich, Finnish and Rizko, on which half of the sea falls.
The middle Nimechchina expanded to Bavaria at weekends and calls. A number of middle mountains, separated by valleys and basins, extend the relief into parts, which articulate in a deeper rank. Go to the third type to go through the region, de gruntnostvo vіdіgraє such an important role. A roaming forest rozgorta mayzhe without interruption the line from the entry to the skid of the line of the girskih massifs. To avoid the transition to a private place, the de topographic monotony is replaced by pedological development.
In such a rank, Nymechchina is composed of three different morphological groups: the Alpine zone, the Hercynian zone and the middle mountains, the Quaternary zone of the Great Pivnichna Rivnini. The main line of artery, Rhine, is re-set in three sets and spriyas for closeness. it’s not economical. The originality of the Rhine comes from the fact that it is more important for the history and economy of Nimechchini. Zhodna іnsha rychka cannot be tied with her. Elba is beyond the reach of the Alpine domain. On the vidminu from the Rhine, which was born in the Commissariat of Switzerland, Elba has his own dzherelo in the words of the Territory, and the Oder is also of the Slov'yan, nizh Elba.
The numerous islands of the Baltic Sea have been roasted off the mainland shores, as well as in the open sea; in some parts of the sea, the islands are packed with great archipelagos, in which they stand on their own.
Some of the islands: danski - Zealandia, Funen, Lolland, Falster, Langeland, Maine, Bornholm; Swedish - Gotland, Eland; nimetski - Rugen і Fehmarn; Estonian - Saaremaa and Hijumaa.
The Danube is more similar to the Oder and Elbi, lower to Elba. to the Rhine. Having been born in the personalities of Nimechchini, winners of the Madyarsk, Slovenian and Rumunska regions, but not making a dynamic contribution to the integration of economic spaces. Physical vivchennya cannot be ignorant of great riches, more so, but they cannot play a role in being a cordon in the course of history. However, the role of the rest of the hour only changed with the development of the main axes.
Coastal Line and Pivnichna Rivnina
Dovga is an irregular area, the Uzbeks are especially numerous and very large estuaries. Winnie to get through the middle of the country through the plain, yak will continue to expand. For 150 km at the end of the win, pass about 300 km in Kili, and pivnichny island Jutland, which is drawn to pivnich, still represents one and the same landscape. Step through the sea and land є through geological vicissitudes and high tide, thin and folding. Dollard, Jade Bay, Weather Bay, Keel, Lubeck Bay, naming the main ones, winked out the numbers, demonstrating the overhanging of the mouth and bays on low and straight Borg lines.
Risko to strive for the character of the coast of the half and half of the sea. The skerry shores of Switzerland and Finland are filled with small bays and inflows, framed by spikes, folded crystal skeletons. The stench of a poor little fellow, some goli, and overgrown with coniferous trees. Pivdennі shores of the lowlands, they are stored on demand and may be a great number of miles. With the help of the Uzbek people, the lance of the perennial dunes can be reached here, and in the sea dovgy mounds appear, so that they create a great flow of the lagoon. There are many such shallow waters of the Curonian and Vistula.
on sea birch From the 11th to the 16th centuries, the dune ridge was broken into a number of islands, the Dolar and Jade tributaries opened up. Big growth, adorned with dunes and skeletons, Baltiyske Uzbek proponents of impossibly natural backbones, de-occupied seaside resorts in Schleswig-Holstein; In addition, in Mecklenburz, on the regularized Uzbek coast, there are a number of natural harbors.
Pivnіchny nіmetsky svіt maє nayaktivnіshі booth in cich regions. The coastline is characterized by food beaches abo Marshen. It remains to be seen through the alluvium brought to the sea by the littoral rivers. As a result of the approval by Shlik, we know clay and sand, the march will be gripped by the grip of sea storms. The tidal channels razrіzaut Shlіk, as people are reeling polіpshiti, being a common part, tied by fascines. Yak і poldery, march, ymovіrno, if the floods of the flooding tides.
donny fall The Baltic Sea is mainly represented by mules and fish. The soils of the Baltic Sea are characterized by stones and boulders, often found on the bottom of the sea. Near the coastal areas there is a wider food supply. At the Finsky, however, a large part of the bottom is covered with squeaks from the surrounding beaches of mules, which occupy small depressions and set up a splinter. The buoyancy of the dam, facing the open sea, is a part of the aquatorium, has significantly changed the warehouse and the growth of fallen goods, which has disappeared in the minds of nature.
climat Baltic Sea in the middle latitudes with rice continental. A specific configuration of the sea, meaning the length from winter to weekday and from the approach to the stage, there are different types of minds in the remote regions of the sea.
Naybіlsh іstotno pour into the weather the Icelandic minimum, as well as the Siberian and Azores anticyclones. The nature of these interactions gives rise to the seasonal specialties of the weather. Vosseni i especial winter hour Intensively interconnect the Icelandic minimum and the Siberian maximum, which will increase the cyclonic activity over the sea. In the autumn-winter period, cyclones often pass through the cyclones, as they bring gloomy weather with them with strong winter and winter weather.
In the most cold months - very much and luti - Average temperature In the middle of the sea the road is -3 ° С at night and -5 ...- 8 ° С at the descent. In case of cold and short-hour intrusions of cold arctic winds, which are tied to the levels of the Polar Maximum, the temperature of the wind over the sea drops to -30 ° С and increases to -35 ° С.
It’s a bit of a haze overwhelmingly out of date, in the past, weak until the last three. They are associated with the cold and summer weather characteristic of the sea. The average temperature of the hot month itself is 14-15 ° С in the Bothnian region and 16-18 ° С in the other regions of the sea. Specter weather buvaє rіdko. Ї.
Temperature drain of water The Baltic Sea in the other parts of this region is not the same and lies not only from the geographical position of the city, but from the meteorological and hydro logical peculiarities of this region. temperature regime The Baltic Sea may be heated by the interchange of the sun, the riverside waters and the arrival of the deep oceanic water. This determines the general picture of the temperature conditions of the sea. In surface balls, the water temperature varies within wide limits. tsiliy rik settle within 3-4 ° С in the northern part of the sea і is close to zero in the northern Botnic region.
V lіtnі mіsyatsі the temperature of the water on the surface, in the zagalny, is close to the temperature of the water. Near the eastern shores, the water temperature for the rakhunok has been progressed, but lie on the afternoon of the mass of land, along the western, Swedish, shores below the stream of cold waters from the winter, from the Botnian inflow. Tax, navpaki, skidny regions and seas are colder than western ones; the stench is strong to the inflow of the cool massivs of the land of the mainland, and the wanders of the sea in the whole period are regularly seen warmly povitryan mas Atlantic.
Between water exchange with the Pivnichny Sea and a significant rychkovy stick salinity... On the surface of the sea, it will change from the approach to the skid, which is tied to the gaps in the river waters of the skidny Baltic. In the winter and central regions of the basin, the salinity of the trochus changes immediately to the west, as in the cyclonic circulation of salt water, it is transferred from the winter to the winter circuit of the distant coast of the distant sea, below the currents of the distant sea. The change of the surface saline is quilted from the beginning of the day to the pivnich also in the tributaries.
There is a lot of salt in the sea, which means more salinity from the surface to the bottom. The change of salinity from the glibinium is seen in the main, however, across the whole sea, with the blame of the Botnian inflow. In the ancient and remote central areas of the sea, the sea gradually and slightly increases towards the surface to the horizons of 30-50 m, lower, below 60-80 m, a thin thermocline (haloclina) grows, more salinity will come again. In the central and winter-skid parts, the salinity grows more and more from the surface to the horizons of 70-80 m, more, at the horizons of 80-100 m, the halo is overlaid, and the salinity slightly fades to the bottom. by 1-2 ‰.
In the autumn-winter hour, the proper water supply in the Baltic Sea grows, and in summer it starts to change, so that it can be brought up to an increase or decrease in salinity. clay waters... In the autumn-winter season, the salinity of the upper spheres often grows in succession to the rapid flow of rivulets and drops off when ice-free. Sheds and a bit of saltiness on the surface change by 0.2-0.5 ‰ in conditions of cold weather. It will be explained by the flow of mainland runoff and spring ice. In addition to the seasonal salinity of the Baltic Sea, on the view of the great seas of the Holy Ocean, the power and significance of the world. The salinity of the Baltic Sea is one of the most important factors in regulating rich physical, chemical and biological processes. As a result of low salinity surface waters the sea їх proficiency may be small and change from week to day, slightly change from season to season. With a lot of proficiency to grow.
the best vіtrove hvilyuvannya to promote recovery and charging in extreme, extreme areas of the sea with trivial and strong winter weather. Storms 7-8 points in three develop needles with a height of up to 5-6 m and up to 3-4 m. The levy in case of more strong wins is approved by the highest and most people who need to be overridden by ice. Yak in the other seas pіvnіchnoі pіvkulі The surface circulation of the Baltic Sea has a strong cyclonic character.
surface leaks to be formed in the private part of the sea as a result of the evil waters, which go through the Botnian and Finnish inflow. The fluidity of the late flows of the Baltic Sea is even rather small and is approximately 3-4 cm / s. In some cases, it grows up to 10-15 cm / s. The flow diagram is even unstable and often breaks down in the morning. Overwhelming in the sea, winter currents are especially intensive in recovery and charge, and before the hour of severe storms, the speed can reach 100-150 cm / s.
Glibinna circulation in the Baltic Sea is intended for water supply through the Danish channels. The incoming stretch in them beckon to pass up to the horizon of 10-15 m. The water is still warm, as it is more powerful, it sinks into the lower balls and the clay plate is usually transferred from the side to the skid, and then to the beginning.
After the great world of insolation from the Holy Ocean, the flood in the Baltic Sea may not be too much. The range of tidal nature in the vicinity does not exceed 10-20 cm. The seasonal movement of the Baltic Sea has two minimum and two maximums. Shonaynizhchiy rivn spostering the canopy. With the arrival of spring water of spring, the wines move step by step, reaching the maximum in the crescent or heather. Pislya ts'go rivn to fall. This is the second basic minimum. With the development of intensive cyclonic activity, the water is pumped through the channels into the sea in three ways, and it is already possible to move and reach the secondary one, which is less than the maximum. The rise in height is between the normal maximum and the spring minimum for 22-28 cm. There is more in the streams and less in the open sea.
Naganyan zganyannya kolivannya rіvnya sea vіdbuvayutsya to finish quickly and reach significant values. In the most critical areas of the sea, the stinks are approximately 0.5 m, and in the tops of the bays and the inflow, it is 1-1.5 and 2 m. atmospheric vice(In case of passing cyclones) wicked seiche ripples of the same surface every 24-26 hours Folding seiche kolivannya rivnya - one typical rice the regime of the Baltic Sea.
With the kolivannyi of the sea level, the catastrophes in St. Petersburg are tied.
The Baltic Sea in the surrounding areas to curl up ice. The first for everything (approximately on the cob of the fall leaves) ice settles in the private part of the Botnian inlet, in other bays and bilya shores. Let's fix the freezing of the milk water of the Finnish inflow. The maximum development of crying after reaching the reachє in the first numbers is birch tree. Until the end of the hour, the unruly ice is borrowing the private part of the Botnichny Zatoka, the area of the Aland skerries and the part of the Finnsky Zatoka. In the most critical areas of the winter-skidny part of the sea, there are floating ice.
The main problems of the Baltic Sea are related to step-by-step destruction sour minds the world's spheres of the sea, as the last ten years are spared. In the surroundings of rocky kissen znikє increased already at depths of 150 m, de-established sirvodden. The change is typical of the natural changes of the middle, the head rank of temperature, salinity of water and water exchange, as well as anthropogenic inflow, realizations, mainly, in the most appropriate form of living salts in the viglyadi of spring forms of phosphorus.
The significance of the Baltic Sea in the people's statehood of the land region and increasingly negative influx anthropogenic factors on the merits of the marine environment, we can accept the terms of new visits, and guarantee the purity of the sea.
It is difficult to get into the sea without waste waters either from the courts, diffusely through the rivers or the atmosphere. The main mass of straining rivers is brought into the sea by the flow of the river (Neva, Visla), either in the form of a broken mill or in the adsorbed on the suspension. In addition, the dzherels of the maritime middle-class are surrounded by naphtha products є Primorski Grod, St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, Viborg and, the most important world, - the trading and military fleets.
Naybіlshoi Škodi marine middle-class is given toxic speech (salts of important metals, DDT, phenol and other), Naftoproducts, organic and biogenic speech. Shorіchno from іznіh dzherel in Fіnsku inflow close to 300 tons of naftoproducts. The main mass of nitrogenous ones comes in the sea diffusely, so the very same and half of the water, which is used in the sea, through the atmosphere. Toxic speech is thrown off, in the main, promislov_stu. The zealous nature of the effort to accelerate the struggle for the cleanliness of the marine environment and the establishment of the foldable complex of water-supply entrances.
Monitoring of the marine center- the organization of systematic measures for physical, chemical and biological indicators of the marine environment in permanent representative points by waters.
The quality of the Baltic Sea maritime center in general is due to the vimogam of the water-boring sites, protects from close to many large places and industrial centers zoni zabrudnenya pretended to be. Alarmingly, those who, over the last ten years, instead of toxic speeches in marine living organisms, have grown up to two orders of magnitude, once they order the need for thermal new water entrances. Great Shkodi bring emergency bottling of naphtha products from tankers. The results of the monitoring allow to periodically transform the camp of the marine environment, i.e., to change the dynamics of the sea.
Lay Russian two small sections of the bottom of the coastal part of the Baltic Sea geoecological situation. Naybilsh anthropogenic presing is seen inside, a part of the Finnish inflow in the boundaries of the Leningrad region. The head zone of obstruction was that part of the inflow, which was spread on the side of the island of Kotlin, between it and the delta of the Neva. It became the only rock in that case, because of the well-being of the dam, which passes from the island of Kotlin to the ancient and ancient mainland shores. An important element of the geoecological situation in the central part of the Finnish inflow є the number of sub-waterways is a view of the wake-up river, in the main, perhaps in the future, it could threaten the stability of the coastal part of the seabed.