Lead the ocean surface leakage diagram. Chi isnuk "dev'yat shaft"? Burun. throw hwil
Near the polar zones, the water becomes colder and becomes more intense and sinks to the bottom. Everybody goes to get the answer. Tom at all latitudes Glybinny Vodi cold. Navigate at the bottom of the river dull the temperature is only 1-2 ° above zero.
So, since it is adequate for the flow of heat to bring water in the middle latitude, then cold water is constantly flowing from the mountain. On the surface, it warms up again, as it goes in the polar zone, de ostiga, sinks to the bottom and along the bottom again moves to an adequate level.
Thus, in the oceans there is a free circulation of water: on the surface, water collapses from the adequate in the polar zones and along the bottom of the oceans - from the polar zones to the adequate. The whole process of mixing up the order with the other appearances, about how talking vishche, leading to the unity of the Svitovoy ocean.
Techii Svitovoy ocean
In 1881, a tragedy took place in the Pivnichnoe Ice Ocean, on the winter circuit of the Novosibirsk Islands: the ship of the American Polar Expedition "Jeannette" was launched with ice and sank. Three rocky by that, in 1884 p, at the pivdenno-western shores of Greenland Bulo known 58 different objects, which lay on the expedition, including a ryatuvalny circle with the written "Jeannette".
On the shores of Greenland and Iceland, the ocean is often wiped out by storms of trees, wine from Siberian rivers to the Icelandic Ocean of Ice.
Fruit that grows in the Antilles, and sometimes it comes to the coast of Scotland and to sail at Spitzbergen. Pumice, vikinutu at the head of the volcano Krakatau in the Protozoa of Zond in 1883, sailors knew across the river to the coast of Madagascar and the ancient edge of Africa.
Take a note of the oversaturated water in the oceans from the New Siberian Islands to the ancient edge of Greenland, from the Antilles to Spitzbergen, from the Zondy Channel to Madagascar and the Holy Waters of the Holy Sea maybe move to great cities. Such changes of water are called sea currents.
Doslidzhennya showed, oh, krim has long been seen surface leaks, to run also water and water displacement.
cause sea flows
Perebіg rychok viclikano nahil the surface of the land. Zdavalosya, it’s not guilty of such nahilіv in the surface of the Svitovoy ocean. Yak vіdomo, the surface of the water, is nudged by itself, it is impossible to occupy the horizontal position, and, if it is stretched out, the collapse of the water is to crouch. It is easy to change it by pouring water into a basin. Ale yaksho on taku spokіynu surface
pick up duti, then the water will collapse more and more.
І fair, one the reasons for the detection of surface leaks in light oceans є vіtri. Viklican by them are called windy, or drift 1.
Glibinni and near-bottom currents wake up tied with a different gap of water. More salty or more cold water is more salty, more important, less salty, or warm water, and if it is cold with warm water, it cannot get cold on the surface, but is guilty of being in the depths.
Russian naval commander and visionary admiral S.O. Important salty water in the glade of a clay stream will be straightened from the Sea of Marmur in Chorna, at that hour the salty waters of the Black Sea will rush like a surface plate into Marmurov.
solona Atlantic water at a time when the salty water of Pivnichniy The icy ocean Going into the mountain, widening to the Pole and navigating the distance, they showed caution.
It seems, however, that there are leaks, such as wickedness nahilom rivnya seas. Such currents are called stichny or stichy. Prior to them, the Florida stretch is known, but the winyck is through the surge of waters into the Mexican inflow by the drifting Caribbean Plin. Near the Karsk Sea, there is a wide-reaching Ob-Oniseyske, a wicked-out runoff of the great waters of the great Siberian rivers, Obi and Onisey.
Flow diagrams of the light ocean
Most geographically significant leaks may occur. The stench is literally poured into the climate, the seafarers are to blame for them.
perch They respected, that directly surface leaks can be met directly from the windows. On the small expanses of water, the whole world has seen action. Ale in into the ocean, De end up gliboko, become known as the wrapping of the Earth, as it looks straight out to the Pivnichniy pivkuli to the right, and in the Pivdenniy vlovo.
Walk to the shore, or thin water from the open ocean, stretch out and change straight. Quietly in the fall, if the coast is straight, and leak directed to the new perpendicular, to prevent the flow of two of the same stream. One string goes to the right from the coast, and one is left. Close up to the shore along the edge, spreading out into two strings of sizeable size. Great is the strumin yde udovzh of the coast in the bik of the blunt kut, and the mensha - in the direction of the gostry. yaksho shore I'll say whistle, then come close to a new stretch to grow into two strum, then pass to the right and inwardly towards the whistle.
The main surface leaks are flowing through the water, which is cloudy over the oceans tsiliy rik.
The Pacific Ocean flows are visible. Techia, wiclicane pivnіchno-skіdniy passat, fixing a kut with it at 45 °, looking to the right towards panuyuchiy straight to the wind. To that with a broach, it is directed from the descent to the end of the udovzh of the ekvor, trochas to the pivnich from the yogo. The flow of goiters is tied to its own snapshots. Yogo is called Pivnichny Pasatnim.
Pivdenno-skidny pass through the wing Pivdenna passatna with a stretch, so that you can see straight through the path to the left at 45 °. Vono is straightened as it is, as in front, right off the bat, or to pass through the window.
The offense of a passatny (equatorial) leak, going parallel to the adequate, reach the skid coast of the mainland and separate, with one stream going from the coast to the pivne, and the insha - for the day. The windshield of the trade wind and the wind of the trade wind (arrow 6) must be blown one by one. Having smelled, the stench gets angry and along the zones of equatorial calm, heading from the approach to the skid, confirming the equatorial prototype. Vono is twisting well in the Pacific Ocean.
The rights of the Pivnichniy trade wind current on the pivnichny trails of the skid coast of the mainland. Before the flowing wrapping of the Earth, it steadily turns to the right, seeming towards the coast and close to the 40th parallel towards the side of the ocean. Here, they start to fly in the middle of the road and fly in the middle right from the approach to the skid. reaching out the western coast of the mainland, stretching out to double, yogo right gіlka yde on the day, looking out to the Earth's wraps to the right, and then looking out the coast. Going to the Pivnichny tradewind (equatorial) leak, and getting angry with him and setting up a closed loop of leaks.
Liva gilka current yde on pivnich, see the wraps of the Earth to the right, cuddle before the western birch trees of the mainland and that followed the coastal vigines and the peculiarities of the bottom relief. The flow of water carries the subtropics of the increased salinity. Having faced the cold, over the mensh salty polar water, we go into the depths.
Pivnіchno-skidnі vіtrі, thаt dim from the circumpolar expanse, also start a leak. Look, carrying even colder water, I’d be on the fifth day of the skid shores of the Eurasian mainland.
At the Pivdenniy Pivkuli Livka The Pivdenniy Tradewind Current is directly on the side of the western coast of Australia, the wrap-arounds of the Earth are seen to be seen from the coast. Close to 40-ї parallel (so it is in the Pivnіchnіy pіvkulі), there is a flood in the open ocean, you can enjoy it in winter and winter and go from the entrance to the highway. On the remote shores of America, it spreads in two. Liva gilka yde udovzh of the mainland coast at pivnich. Seeing the wraps of the Earth alone, the current flowing from the coast and moving through the Pivdenny Passatny Plin, creating a new equatorial loop of leaks, is analogous to the original one. The rights of the g_lka povz pіvdenny edge of America ide on the road to the continental ocean. Obviously, from the entry from the continental ocean through a channel, it can be similarly stretched.
Look at the physical map of the light, de shown the leak. You don’t care about intelligence, because the Pacific and Atlantic oceans may have two equal cycles of leaks - for the first time and for the first day from the adequate, and the Indian - only one in the New Year. At first, the ocean space is insufficient for the establishment of a few leaks.
The map shows that in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, outline the wandering shores and the growth of the number of islands for them and create a larger picture of leaks, which is shown on the diagram below.
Let's move on to the diagram of flows in the Atlantic Ocean. Here Pivdenna passatna (ekvatorialna) stretching straight from the pivdennaya part Guinea inflows at the end between the ekvator and the 15th parallel. Going to the top of the American continent, it will grow into two strumen. Liva gilka leaks, shown by arrow 5 on the diagram, seen on the second day of the coast Brazil... Qia flow is called Brazilian. The rights of the structure (line 6) prodovzhu collapse on the western end of the pivne Uzbek Of America, Zokrem is close to Gviani. tse Gvianske leak. Through the channels between the Malimi Antilles it is possible to enter the Caribbean Sea.
Pivnichne passatna (ekvatorialna) stretching, repairing at the Zeleny Islands misu, Ide on zakid mіzh 5th winter parallell and winter path. The development of the Great Antilles Islands, it is possible to develop them. Pivdenna gilka enter the Caribbean Sea, and then at the same time with the Guiana plin- v mexican inflow. Pivnichna gilka, which is called the Antillean Plin, went on to pivnich from the Great Antilles.
The Mexican, however, has a surplus of water. The waters of the Guiana and Pentecostal Tradewind Leaks, where 600 km3 of water flow into the river, and bring a trickle into the Missis-one z the greatest markets light. As a result, the waters of the Mexican tributary near the Florida channel will be seen, lower in the Atlantic Ocean. Tom across The Florida channel between Florida, Cuba and the Bahamas Islands will be straightened into the Atlantic Ocean by a strong drainage “leak from the inflow” - Gulfstrom1. Until now, immediately come to the Antil's current, the shy ones will be more straining.
Golfstrom, facing right, bilya misu Hatteras overlaps the coast of America and the 40th parallel to the turn of the ocean. On the way to the Azores Islands, and in the course of a strong viparovannya roast more salty. Near the Azores Islands Gulfstrom split. Mensha strumin yde to the right, in bik gostry kuta, I, passing through the Canary Islands, I will call the Canary Current. Vono zamikє pіvnіchnі ekvatorіalna wіth leaks.
The whole middle circle is located in the Sargas Sea, at the bottom of the sea, at as there are no banks, so as they are surrounded by only leaks. Liva, more taut, the head of the Golfstrum, is straightened in a blunt kuta, somewhere on a pivnich, to the coast of Europe. Tse - Pivnichno-Atlantic broach.
On the way from Ireland to the water threshold, to drag from Iceland through the Faroe Islands to Scotland, from the new route to Iceland. Vaughn approves with a stretch of Irminger, how to bring warm water to the ancient and remote shores of Iceland. Even on the shores of Iceland, the sea of nicoli does not freeze.
A large part of the waters of the Pivnichno-Atlantic Current porig, cuddle wraps Land to Scandinavia. It’s warmer than the Norwegian has gone over, and it’s like winter in Norway. The sea and the fiordi here start out in the ice.
Bіlya misu Nordkapp Norvezke with a stretch to be distributed. Liva gilka (Spitsbergen stretch) yde bridging the water of the Barents Sea on the way to Spitsbergen, crossing the ice on the other side of the coast. rights f gilka (Nordkapskoє stretch) to enter the Barents Sea.
There are currents near the Pivnichny Ice Ocean, going from the Novosibirsk Islands through the Pivnichny Pole to the Atlantic Ocean. The stench of bringing a hundred storms of Siberian trees to the shores Greenland... The managers of the same leakages to Greenland consumed the items from the ship "Japnetta", which was crushed with ice.
The main plin є here Skhidno-Greenlandic
It’s something that was gushing at the bottom of the first drifting station "Pivnichny Pole". At the end of Greenland, in Baffin's place, one should try to fix the Labrador stretch, and bring the majestic mountains of the mountains - icebergs - to the Atlantic Ocean.
V The Indian Ocean, for the rest of the day, in accordance with the current, will be shown by the schemes of the flows of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans that we have seen. You can turn over to see the map of the Svitovoy current ocean.
The inflow of sea currents to the climate and shipfaring
Marine flows to reduce the significant inflow to the climates of the coastal parts of the continents. In both pіvkulah between the ekvator and the 40th parallel of the western coastline it is warmer, lower than the western one. V Pomirniy Zones Spіvіdnіshennya vorotne: the skidny shores of the mainland are colder than the wanders. At the edges Western Europe winter myakі, and in the districts Wine of America, Roztashovanih in quiet latitudes, - suvory.
Especially dim contrast between the soft climate of Scandinavia and the climate of Greenland, covered with hard ice.
Vivchennya of sea currents is necessary for ship navigation. Navigate in case of small liquidity of equatorial leaks Atlantic Ocean- from 20 to 65 km to dob - it is necessary to go. For such a trip, the ship can move 40-50 km away from the set course.
Creep up and down
Dobre in a quiet, clear litniy day on a gentle sloping birch tree of the Finskoy zatoka. on There are a lot of people on the beach, who came to the sea to wake up, magnetize, buy, gain strength and health. Years pass. Ale the axis blowing through the inflows. Behind the quiet earlier, the smoothness of the sea was beaten with small rams, and the water became ominously picked up until the speeches spread out according to the sound. Їх it is necessary to transfer the present, on the big temple. Vіter pіdnyаv rіven water, flooding the coast, "nadognav" water, Vinik so ranks a surge of water.
Yakby viter blowing from the shore, then win "zignav" b water & mdash; Become used zganyannya.
At the Fіnskіy, however, the number of rіvnya lies over and over again. If even stronger vіter dme trivial hour from the approach, then the water is brought into the sinking part of the inflow. Water flows into the bay of the Leningrad districts. At the place of repair it is necessary. The most catastrophic of them in the fall of leaves 1824 r Vono described by Pushkin in the poem " Midniy top". The water has risen by 4 m, and the whole of today's St. Petersburg will be flooded.
So it goes, yak on Фінській then, In Chornoi ta Sea of Azov country rivnya vodi viznachaєtsya, first for everything, vіtrom. Dme viter from the sea - the water flows, insists on the shore; dme from land - water comes in, the bottom is exposed at other places. An especially great surge is taking place on the Sea of Azov, close to Taganrog and in the Don River. In the middle of the day there is a water level at 2 m. nizh koristyutsya ribalka. Ale of this kind of wind from the sea - the sea - is one of those days.
Boost and overflow
Let’s admit that we’re going along the inexpensive, steep bilomorska birch of the Ka-nina peninsula of the bilya girla r. Chizhi. Viter dme from the sea. Chill, spin, b'yut on the coastal ledge, sometimes splashing on that place, de mi zupinilis. Shiroka Chizha will keep the entire valley of the Mayzhe vrivn with the banks.
Let's leave the sea and turn to the new one in six years. Viter, yak and earlier dme from the sea, but the picture changed dramatically. The water sank, came out to shave, on which you stood, and on a great place bared the bottom with numerous stones, thrown out in the cold. Siskin, now not wide and milky, the stream runs along the bottom of a glib valley.
Well it became s by sea? Chomu yogo rіven fell on a few meters, I want straight wіthru NOT zmіnyuvalosya?
We have become witnesses one from the miraculous manifestations on the earthly cooler, powering the Svitovoy ocean, - the manifestation of the tide and the overflow.
Bilya shores of the oceans and other seas (for example, White, Okhotsk and other) This phenomenon is called tide and vivid.
The greatest increase in water flow before the hour of the tide (maximum rhyven) is called more water, and the most lowering before the hour is more noticeable (minimum water) - little water.
Once the correct flashes are so called, in 24 years or 50 minutes, two flushes and two flushes will be taken. The average triviality of one flood or one is very expensive for 6 years, 12% is bad.
The caution showed that the main water advances through the passage of Misyats through the meridian of that month, because of the caution, that is. The value of the total record in the winter is not important, but for one and the same month, it may be unimportant. Її can be seen from a cautionary note. While it is important, it is not important to count the moments of the next day for the skin day, as in the astronomical calendars the hour of passage through the meridian is designated for the skin day.
It is acceptable that the main water in given m_sci register for the date until the moment of the culmination of Misyats for 2 years and 10 minutes. Let it be admitted that it’s the day of the upper culmination in us. Misyatsya is guilty of being about 7 years old. Having added up to an hour the value of the reserve is 2 years and 10 khvili, mi diznaєmosya, the main water will be about 9 years 35 khvili.
So as the value of the storage needs to be added, "apply" to the hour of the upper or lower culmination Misyatsya, then we’ll call ourselves an applied year.
obviously, scho Knowing the moment of the new voyage (and that means, little), you can vibrate for an hour, if everything is safe to lead the ship through a different place or a kam'yanu ridge, a reef, etc.
Keeping an eye on the tides in one and the same period of time showed that the height of the tides changed significantly over the whole period. It will appear that the changes are linked to the phases of Misyatsya: nyvyschi will melt in one or two days after the young and the main month, and the lowest ones will be the first and the third four. explain tset tim, scho, crim Misyatsya, on Svitovy Ocean injecting i Sonce. Sleepy tides are sickly like a millennial, ale straightened stench on the Sonce. At the time of the monthly tides, the sleepy waves are approximately two times less, so as the Sonce appears from the Earth on the way, below Misyats.
Before the hour of the young and the main month of sleepyheads, they grow up with the young ones, and then they appear high.
Before the hour of the first and third four phases of the Mysyatsya sleepy tides, the tides appear from the moths and the tides become higher.
With a hold, finish off two mid-tide tides, and don't be the same in height. Tse appearances are also tied s the camp of Misyatsya.
From what was said, it’s not very important to build a whirlpool, but to melt and move to the Earth find out as a result of pouring in Misyatsya and Sontsya on over the top Svitovoy ocean.
Flush and miscellaneous umovy
Pour mintsev into the height of the tide geographers mind, Especially cut the banks and bottom relief.
If the tide is drunk, you sound in a step inflow The height seems to increase. As soon as the tidal force passes through the vuzky and other channel, the devil, in the significant world, consumes its energy5 and then it is poured over a wide expanse, the height of the water drops rapidly.
First of all, the Atlantic tide will get to the Black Sea, then you will pass through the Gibraltarska channel, and then through the Dardanelli and Bosphorus channels. Zrozumіlo, scho with the tide of the tide, the tide is very weakened. Tom, in the Black Sea, flood the mighty nepomitni. In the Sea of Azov, the waves cannot be boosted.
To eat in the Baltic Sea, the tidal must go through two other and higher channels of the Sound, Great and Maliy Belt. Tom, on the Baltic Sea and in the winter in the Finnish sea, there is little likelihood. Kolyvannya rіvnya of the sea to lie here as the head rank from the zgon and the surge of water in the morning.
From the Barents Sea, the tide has to enter the Bila Sea with a wide front and, step by step, sound, growing at the top. Tom, along the banks of the Mezensky inlet, float up to 6-8 and navit 10 m.
Wrong and hot flashes
In addition to the correct hot flashes, with 50 chilins in 24 years and a half of water, in some cases, the wrong flashes are avoided with one small amount of water. Such add-ons are called dobovies.
In the last few months, there is a change in heat, if you add water with a stretch, then one more water, then two.
The wrong changes are caused by the foldable interaction between the monthly and the sleepy tidal waves and the geographic situation (i.e. bottom sea and ін.).
wrap around earthly kul, tidal hwilya Seeing rubbing against the bottom and shores and easy to remember before the culmination of the Misyatsya. The price has been kept for an applied time, which has been said earlier.
Nayvischі priplivi
In the open ocean, near the eastern islands, the height of the highest tides is not great: 1 - 2 m, and sometimes less, in the fallowness due to the bottom profile and the nature of the coastline.
Close to the mainland shores, and especially in some inflows, the floods can be even more significant. On the Atlantic birch of Pivnichnoy America, on the day of the inflow of St. Lawrence, into the mouth of the river. St. Lawrence, is located in Canada in Nova Scotia. mіzh him and the inflow of Fundi began to sound like the continent of the expansion. The form of the inflow zmushuє enter into the new tide hvilyu shvidko pidvischuvatisya. At the top of the tide, the tide can reach 18 m. The tide of a record high tide could have flooded five-upper booths! Sprinkle it right in the pool, that is, E. For 24 years, 50 minutes of water and two little water. Otzhe, two times to see the rise and fall of the sea. The water either burstingly rushes into the inflow, then somewhere else.
Having stuck Fandi, it will be washed out without interruption. On this day, you can't get it right. All to wine at the open ocean.
Even more viscous, up to 15 m, are more favorable in one zaly-1101! on the site of Buffin Earth. Qia zatoka, so yak itself і Fundi, step by step sound up to the top.
It’s even more correct to float in Saint-Malo near France - up to 15 m. enter at a distance of more than a kilometer. residents place to pick up riba in the lows of the exposed seabed.
Near the first part of the Atlantic Ocean, there are high by-catches - up to 12-14 m - it is possible to play the shores of Patagonia at the beginning of the entrance to Magellanova duct.
Near the Pacific Ocean, the most coastal waters appear in the Sea of Okhotsk. Gamma, between the mainland and the isthmus of the Kamchatka Peninsula, is located Penzhinska Bay, similar to its contours to the inflow of Fundi. Slow down the wrong here, wins.
The maximum height of the flood trough reaches 13 m. Krim Penzhinskaya, in the Pacific Ocean, there are only a few shores of Alaska in the Pacific Ocean, which are 12 m away.
In the Indian Ocean, there are high floods at the back of the Indies (wrong, up to 12 m) and on the west of the port of Darwin on the Australian birch tree (up to 11 m).
Sprinkle the Pivnichniy Ice Ocean on the most beautiful vivcheni near the Radyansky shores. Behind a dusky vignette, all the stench is correct, pivdobov.
Bilya shores of the seas of Karsky, Laptyvikh, Skhidno-Sibirsky and Chukotsky high tides are not booming. Smell the stench does not overwhelm 1 m. Tilki in the Nordvik Bay (Laptyvikh Sea) rise up to 3 m.
Sink in the ducts and girlach richok
Along the channels between the islands, if the tide needs to go to the other ends of the channel not at once, there are burrhliv waterways, which is not safe for other Ribal ships. such a vir v channels of the Lofoten Islands near the winter-backsides of Norway miscev Ribalki call Malstrem, that is, "the nasty plin." Malstrem is the best description of Schul Vern in his novel "80 thousand kilometers under water".
If the tide is high enough to enter the river of a nasustr_ch current, it will go up the mountain along the river. Tse a phenomenon is called boron, abo mascara.
Boron strongly ruins the coast. For an hour when the fuel is raised, the soil rushes into the sea. To tom, the girls of the dilyanki navit small ryochok, kudi penetrate the flood, tremendously widen і lost. Such wide and large handles are called `` estuaries ''. They can easily enter large sea vessels. Estuariii Mayut rr. Mezen, Thames, Seine, Garonne, St. Lawrence, Amazon and ін.
Sprinkle and sailing. "Blue Vugilla"
Slow down and uplift may be of great importance for sailing. Before the ocean harbor ships enter only before the hour of flooding. High tide currents in order to carry the sea vessel from the set course.
The tide-long energy is called with the i-him vugillam. There are supplies of blue by the radianskie shores vugilla complete the value.
The hour will come, if people come around widely victorious and tse dzherelo energy.
arrive
The surf calls me bad, how to come to the shore and run up to the shore. Parubiy good can be seen at the sea coast and there is little room for berets і small lakes. The steam is gradually flowing onto the shore. Especially strongly wine manifests its ruinous and creative activity on the great lakes: the Caspian Sea, Baikal and іinshih-і on great water resources, such as Ribinske, Moskovske, Tsimlyansk.
It is especially important for the nobility to pour the surf on the shores of new water reservoirs: there will be a stench of growth, anyway, navpaki, runnuvatisya before dієu hvil, scho nugayut. The surf is brought about during the emergence of ports and the settlement of the coast.
If you marvel at the boisterous sea, then you will be built, as the water will move all hour. Ale tse is far from it. When Russia is sick, the water will overflow in one month.
First, having made a big mistake, he was the great Italian artist and the visions of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). Vіn douzhe -, far away, having adjusted the sea with a cornfield. "Hang on, yak viter v the field to his wife has a bad life, as the stinks go by one by one, and the stalks, wobbling, become unruly. So it hurts to run on unruly waters. Tsiu brizhi from the thrown stone or vіtru maє nazvatіt vіtrіtіnnya vodi, nіzh crumble, in which you can turn over, throwing a straw on the sprinkle of khola ", - wrote Leonardo Yes Vінчі.
As one middle ground, for example, if it collapses, it is obvious that it is a matter of water, then on the surface of its razdilu you will find it wrong. So get sick on the sea before every day. This is how the bryzhi's food is celebrated at the bottom of the river, in the wilderness & mdash; food hvili, hvili - on the snowy surface, snaggish hmari - on nebi.
What is the strongest winter and what is the big sea, what is the bigger is the winter. Great is the significance of the madovzhin to the razgon hwil.
Chvili vinikayut far from the coast.
As soon as you go out from the shore at the end of the sea, then there will be more and more you will grow up and you will grow up, you will grow up from the side of you. combs) І height її (stand vertically from the comb to the bottom).
Morska Brizhi
Vіtrovі hvili mayut "rozpatlaniy" kind, combs їkh smash in pіnu. It’s hard to take another hour, because the weather has calmed down, but the stink of a step like it’s banging in the right rows, and when it’s on the surface; such chvili call iz and-byu.
Especially great breezes on the sea are wicked by stormy cyclones of the middle latitudes (40-50 ° N latitude) and the first tropical cyclones - hurricanes or typhoons (div. Stor. 137). The stench will swoon around the area and get sucked up with a little shyness, less shyness. "Shvydky" typhoon to rob melee close to 90 km / year, and shvidkist hvil brijah reach inodi 130 km / year. Hvilyuvannya, viclikan of cyclonic vortexes, widen on all sides, similar to cyclonic vigilance from a stone thrown into bets. it’s going to be from the power of the wind and to re-emerge in the brigade, as it expands on great times from the moment of its birth. for two three finish brigi vtigaє fly over Ocean... won smoothly I will the ship is to navigate in an equal calm smoothness of the oceans;
The reserve of energy is great. Only when there is a breakthrough from the shores, it is enough to spend a surplus of energy, and even the breeches are used by the devices.
Dovgy, low, correct brijahs can go through thousands of kilometers, not seeing any changes. Ale varto їm eat in the area, de glibina less than half dozhini hvili, as the stench fixes the “see” the bottom: the slickness and the dying need to change, the stench becomes more steep, and the power is ruined, as a rule, it will grow.
ruinuvannya hwil
On a small surface of the coast itself, or on the edge of the crest, the trees grow rapidly over the surface of the water, roaring with fire. Tsіnіnі especially vіtіtnі at the brijah, scho came nearby.
Why is the growth of the hvil on the mil water? Energy of water, stored on the deep water, in the world of change of water on the coast, more and more thin water is transferred, so that it can be brought up to an increase in the height of the combs of needles. Ale tsyogo zbіlshennya є boundary. If the water is wide, it seems like sailors, the coast is visible, it’s a trivial hour passing over the water, it’s a great deal of energy on rubbing against the bottom and coming to the shore with weakening. Visota їх in kіlka razіv less, nіzh in on account of sea.
To what do the combs be transferred? Rubbing against the bottom of the halmus particles of water in the lower part of the hvily, the upper part, obganyayuchi lower, sails forward. The front one grabbed the sickly one more and more steeply and came close to the tough position. That f hour comb prodovzhu squeeze forward and, nareshti, having lost support for himself, to be thrown over, approved pinu.
Hvili, the cob changes the shape as a result of rubbing against the bottom, not similar to the hvili deep sea... change the stench before birch symbols of the water. Perekonatisya in tsyomu duzhe easy: enough to throw a sliver into the water. Її obov'yazkovo approach to the coast.
The power of the triumphant injuries has long been assessed by the inhabitants of the islands.
Burun. throw hwil
As the sea is prone to sail far out of the coast over the swamp of the mili or sub-water reefs, then it is also called a breaker. smog pini In the distance from the shore, invite to serve as a virtual acquaintance of the underwater security for the ship.
If the sea is bilya of the coast itself, then the coast is easy to shave off in the sea and not to the beach. Nabigayucha hvilya in the whole fall does not "see" the bottom and crumble only towards the impact on the strait shore. At the same time, there is a hmara breeze, yak come in inodi at a height of 40-60 m. also the manifestation is accepted by nazivati zlyotyv hvil.
Throwing up can be spastered in ports near specially zrobleny vertical hvilezakhisnyh stin - hvilelomiv (for example, in Yalti).
In Antarctica and Arctic, throw up at icebergs and ice edges. Ruynivna force of the surf at a majestic boom. Once such a nab_y vikinuv to the shore at a height of 20 m ulamki skel vagoy up to 10 G. T. On the Black Sea, in Tuapse, nailed zruynuvav khvilel, folds from the magnificent granite shaves, the skin was important approximately 60 T.
Before the hour of the storm the sailors will be afraid of the proximity of the coast or the water. Same here, And not in an open sea, especially not safe. If you were trying to go to the coast through the lonely, bezel-less surf, tied with a great rizik, I would like the surf to be built on the side of the sea not so scary.
Our vіyskovі sailors under the hour of strong surf spent most successful landing operations in the rock of the Great Victory Day.
The success of these operations is abundant, in what way, having lay down the mystery of shipbuilding: the most secure - put the ship on board until it is bad, i.e. E. parallel shaft the surf.
Ruinivnі khvili "tsunami"
Especially terrible sickness, as soon as the volcanic vyverzhny, if the stench falls on the shore. In 1854 r in Japan, there was a strong earthquake, scho wicked in a hvilya with a height of 9 m.
І. A. Goncharov in the book "Frigate & laquo; Pallas ". An hour for an earthquake in Kamchatka in 1923, with naval praise, buv vikinutiy led to a distance of up to 1 km from the coast.
With the rise of the volcano on the island of Krakatau, the majesty of hvili up to 35 m of height was established. The stench widened on all sides and across 32 years have reached the shores of France. Khvili of such a proclamation was given a special name - tsunami 1.
Before the rise of the tsunamis to the shore, the sea stepped out to the coastline and the bottom to the bottom at a distance of hundreds of meters. Let the water start to step, then the knowledge of step, and so on up to 3-5 times. Pislya tsyogo on the coast collapsed, but the front slope was ruined, and the tsunami seized. pislya pershoї hvili There can be butti and іnshі - weaker or more straining.
Hviliami, ruin_vna the strength of those who do not give up the tsunami, super chew In some tropical hurricanes. So, for example, in 1737 zhovtni rock in the girli river. Hoogly (Bengalska inflow) from the stormy khvili, who rushed to the shore, sank 3 yew. Cholovik. Even more dashing hurricane came in 1864 G., If the amount of hvili has grown, 50 yew have gone down. Cholovik. Such zhakhlivi khvili and wicked trips with them have a catastrophic character. The stench quickly comes from the extravagant oceanic hvils of the windy promenade with the rhythmic noiseless noise.
Chi isnuk "dev'yat shaft"?
It seems that it’s not a safe nine. The price of solidity is a little bit more interesting. Anyone who has spared the gain, knowing that there is only a single high shaft, or a number of such shafts, because there is no correct periodicity in these shafts, it does not come out:; The best shaft can be two or three times, three times, three times, and one is available. Who's on the right here?
It’s obvious that the mussel water has opened the leaves with a height of 1 m and 30 m. A dozen hour later, a brigi dovzhinoyu came to the whole district 50 m і with a height of 1.5 m. There will be a folding, or, it seems, introspection, two systems of hwil; the lower curve is the result of folding the qih hwil. Yak bachimo, the most insecure will be a quarter shaft. With the same success, it is possible to come back to mind, in which the most unsuccessful ones will appear for ten rolls. The sea has a lot of different types of folding hwil. To that, the picture of the hvilyuvannya seems to be even more folding and dumb Please be sure to let the nineteenth wave be the most secure.
refraction hwil
Near the surf zone, most often there are rows parallel to the line of the coast, so that at the same hour the stench can come from the sea in the very same hour, in the wilderness it goes straight to the wind, like the opening of the sickness.
It is also marvelous for the first glance to see the result of "zagortannya" hwil before dієyu mіlvoddya. Kinzi of the ranks closest to the shore will run higher, lower than a part of these ranks, which are far away in the sea, - more less depth of the sea bilya shore, tim more galmіvnu dіyu bottom, and even, less іvіdіnіnu dіyu dіyu hviliі. As a result, parts of the rows in the mountains are wiser than the banks and hvili light up to birch, Zustrichayuchi yogo "in the forehead" or even a small cut.
The theory of a cyclical manifestation, called the refraction of seafood, was broken up by the Radiansky students of Acad. V.V.Shuleikin.
Vyavilosya, what more to podvzhuyutsya a number of hvil when zagvinchuvannya to the coast, that less energy by the surf. Z'yasuvalosya also, so much energy changes in the lower points of the coast in the fallow from bottom topography. Obviously, go straight along the kut to the line of the coast to go two sub-water valleys and razdіlya їkh milinu. Let the hvili collapse right on the shore - head-on. Yak tilka stink "see" bottom, Rady hwil vicriviti. That part of the hwil, yaka, will collapse over the debris of the bottom (valleys), if part, Yaka collapses over the milino. The arrows, which show directly to the pile of khvil, give a little notice about those who beat the coast on the extended underwater mile, the surges are stronger, so as in the whole region there will be bought khvil; navpaki, on the extended sub-water valleys, the surf will be weaker, so yak here disperse in the sides. A sailor needs a nobility of the bottom of a frustrating smog, so that it’s going to be a mess, and it’s the best without the safety of the surf.
Robot surf
Hvily by the surf, running up to a gentle, or from the shore, penetrate to reach far from the coastline. Let the water warm up for the day or the heavy drip back into the sea, warm again to the land, etc. With this kind of rus, the water will flood along with it the stone, without interruption, it will move over and over again, the rounded, stone-like shape of the bush. It is not often on the beaches you can know absolutely smooth, round shmatochki dance slope, even more similar to smaragdie. Tse of the robot to the surf.
If you come to the shore along the edge, if you are small, then there is a big change in the material of the shoreline. At the end of the day
beach from deyakim kut to the line of the coast; in a day or so, the heavy pebbles would turn back into the sea, and go straight ahead to the line of the coast. In the kintsevo rakhunka, pebbles will be shifted by and large along the coast. Shlyakh pebbles of images on the baby near the lamano line.
Parubiy peresuvaє massi material, which is stored in the coastal smoothies of the upper ball of the bottom. It is important to ensure that you are in high esteem during the development of ports and sea canals. Yaksho marine engineer is not vrahuєtsiy, then water space port for the channel can be swiftly exchanged, and it can be brought to the attention of the dredger robots.
Ruinuvannia of the steep coast. morski terasi
Clearly sobіy bіlya skeletal misu, straightforwardly shave by the sea. Such a coastline is deep (where the coast is equal to the depth) and not enough for the beach. Parubiy nasam before speciesbati I nishu in the skeletal birch trochis vische rivnya spokiynoy vodi. In the course of time, nisha will be glimpsed, and the shore will hang more and more over the sea. Then we can crash into the sea and the bottom of the great non-robbery ulama. Proceedingly, the stench is erased, sharpened with a tool and swelled into a rounded shape. As a result of the robots and the surf, the high coast with blows hwil vidstupaє all distant and distant and overlapping between itself and the sea as much as a horizontal platform, I will grind the skel with ulam, sip and gravel. nareshty infusion hour If the playground is wide, the surf will not reach the high coastal coast.
So pretend to be a beach smuga, or a coastal maidanchik.
On the Kola Peninsula and on the skid shores of the winter Caspian Sea at a height of dozen meters above happy rivnem the seas were protected by the ancient coast of the Maidan.
This is the name of the sea terasi. Stink about those scho the coast in cikh mіstsyah pіdnіmaєatsya. Pidvodnі terasi, navpaki, vkazuyut on then, the coast in the whole mіsci to go down. A number of sub-water terraces have been revealed in the Caspian Sea. Stretching through millions of rocks, the level of the lake-sea is either descending or descending. It’s a phenomenon that is tied together with a wintry climatic minds.
Fighting the surf
At quiet places uzberezhzha, de buva especially strong surf, mayzhe no more water. Їх to ruin the uninterrupted flow of stones, gravel and squeak in the surf smoothies. In most of the seizures of the surf, the growth of algae grows.
On the tropical seas, the shores of the deyaki islands and the mainland are overwhelmed by the surf by the great coral reefs, s on the lateral side of the surface, which is a bit of a noise from the surf, you can see the backs of the smog of the buruns, and there were signs of numerical uplifts. Along the coast and the reefs, the smog stretches along the coast and the calm waters. Here, the very nature of the coast is facing the surf. Ale at the big part seashore There is no such natural crossing by the surf. In such people, people are stagnant to get creative in order to fight for surf... There will be galvanized concrete, kam'yani, and some and some trees with oily moths and hvilersi, gardening ports and vessels and courts in the port as soon as they arrive.
It is possible to "suppress" the sickness by squeezing the witches, passing it through the openings of the pipes, which are installed on the deyakіy glybinі. Such a sporuda is called pneumatic hwilebreaker. To keep the same floating hvilelomi at the viglyad from one to one anchored flesh. There, de hvilі run the shore, yogo zmіtsnyut firing.
Try to vikoristovuvati the majestic energy of the surf for practical purposes bulo a little too much. However, no projects have been acquired. Naybilsh above them to be primed on principles robots hydraulic ram. The winners missed the need to set up the nazustrіch treacherous chvili great gale-concrete chotirikutnі funnels, from which they threw water into the funnel, the hwilya threw water up the hill along the tall vertical pipes into the pool, breaking up the sea trough. Transferred, water is accumulated in this way in the pool will go down through the hydroturbines.
I am running the system of current leaks easier than intelligence, having risen at the reasons for this. Get warmer on more heat, less in other areas. Through the warming up, the change of the pitom will change and the wind will rise up the hill. In the world from the distance from the surface of the Earth, the temperature gradually decreases, so that it condenses and falls like a board. Every day it collapses right up to the poles. On the thirteenth time, come from greater latitudes. As a result, in the skin pivot, convection takes place in the meridional area, a round rick. Well, b, the result of a series of bets of convection cells
ek maє buti virivnyuvannya temperature at the equator and poles. However, through the wrapping of the Earth on the be-yak rukhom, the strength of the Coriolis [‡]. The reason for the recognition of the power is the wrapping of the Earth. Vona pragne turn the object to the right along the exit to the yogh rukh in Pivnichniy pivkuli and in bulk - in Pivdenny. The result of the action of the Coriolis є the determination in the atmosphere of the Earth of two convection alternatives of Hadley [§] replaces one (Fig. 1.3). First of all, it’s about halfway to get into the skin.
v, -.
^ "| arctic" "^ 
arctic ^ anticyclone, "4
"-"
Small. 1.3. Circulation diagram of the Earth's atmosphere.
B - areas of a viscous vise (anticyclones); H - areas of a low vice (cyclones); arrows - crossing directly in the middle, the middle is shown in the transition areas. Shown is the situation before the hour of the spring or autumn day (the sun in the zenith above the ekvator. For Gabauer from Walter (1968).
rum і 30 °. Dmut here vіtru - passati - velmi postіynі, that's why in English they call trade winds, because the steel of the English vikoristovuvali in trade floats.
The subtropics are going down. Through a strong grip, win is heated. At the same time, if you want to be out of the way in every day, it’s obvious that the temperature is falling, but the temperature rises and it’s moisture-absorbing; To that there, de sinking the reach of the surface of the Earth, a number of falloffs. The whole system takes place in a stretching rock at 5-15 ° 
Figure 1.4. Middle bagatorial vector of dotted tension on the surface of the light
the ocean. For V.A. Burkov (1980).
1 - 0-25; 2 - 25-100; 3 - gt; 100x10-2 dynes / cm2.
latitude for winter, for every day after the changes of Sontsya, in order to reach a wide belt in the winter seasons, you will have to use the belts of tropical boards, then dry passages. Minlivy in the hour and the vastness of the litter to produce not only to the home of the houses: the establishment of a dry subtropical and vologic tropical belt, Ale і until the seasonal dynamics of salinity in the ocean.
To descend close to 30 ° turn only partly to collapse to the adequate, partly to the poles. The weather is not strong and durable, like a pass, ale in the zagalnom directly from the approach to the skid. At about 60 °, it is visible in the middle of the winter, where it is from the poles and it is very close to the west. Through the manifestation of the seasons, the scheme of the circulation of the charge and the flow grows: from the pole to the charge, from the path - to the flow. Average baggage straight and wind speed on the surface of the Svitovoy Ocean are shown in Fig. 1.4.
Viter, scho dme at the surface of the sea, transferring water to a part of its energy, flashing ailments and leaks. Most of the turns and slower turns є dim from the approach to the skid in the 40-60 ° belt and from the descent to the end of the road. To that, the main surface currents of the Svitovoy ocean are latitudinal. Meridional currents emerge yak confuse Lanka when divided by latitudinal continents. As a result, global anticyclonal subtropical circuits are established [**], in the given hour five. At the adequate latitudinal current of the first and second cycle, one will have to go to one equatorial pass. The height of surges at the backsides of the oceans is up to a meter (Fig. 1.5). Equatorial leaks in the skin ocean extend to a depth of 50-100 m, below them, in a speedy straight line, go through the tugs of pressure. Wandering meridian currents Even better, the stinks are bigger, the most are the Golfstrom and Kurosio. Їх middle speed 
Small. 1.5. The middle bagatore is a dynamic dynamic topography of the surface of the Svitovoy Ocean.
For V.A. Burkov (1980).
1-3 - dynamic horizontal, multiples: 1 - 50 dyn. see, 2 - 10 dyn. cm, 3 - 5 dyn. cm; 4 - divergences: AT - Antarctic, Yutd - Pivdenna Tropical, STD - Pivnichna Tropical, SPD - Subpolar; 5 - convergence: YUSTK - pivdenna subtropical, STK - pivnichna tropic, SSTK - pivnichna subtropic. On top of that, there is a graph for visualizing the status of a geostrategic current.
growth reach 1 m / sec = 3.6 km / year. Golfstrom, Kurosio and analogous flows in the winter to transfer heat water from an adequate location in high latitudes. Pivnichna gilka Gulfstrom є "rough" Europe, it will get 1/4 of the heat in Europe. In such a rank, the circulation of the waters, the varying temperatures of low and high latitudes, can be achieved to passate circulation. The cost of compensation is especially recognized in Europe, de Average temperature Significantly higher, lower in Asia at quiet latitudes (Fig. 1.7). Shidnі meridionalnyh currents wider and more. In the winter, the flow rate will gradually change, while the surface flow will run down to about 1000-1500 m. Thus, the emergence of the Circumantarktic current from the correct stake is tied to the underwater mountains at depths of up to 4000 m. Zagalna scheme surface circulation is shown in fig. 1.6.
On a private circuit, there is a cyclonic cyclonic stretch that reaches the bottom. At high latitudes Pivnіchno Pіvkulі cyclonic circuits of roasting near the Aleutian islands and in the Scandian basin. At the center of cyclonic circuits, there is a sinking of water. Bilya shores of Antarctica in the seas of Uedell and Ross, the level drops to 1820 dyn cm.Thus, the maximum height difference between the surface of the Holy Ocean becomes 2.7 m. 
Small. 1.6. Main surface flows and upwelling of the Holy Ocean.
I - cyclonic tropical, II - anti-cyclonic subtropical, III - cyclonic high latitude; 1 - Antarctic coastal area, 2 - circumpolar Antarctic area, 2а - th pivdennaya gilka; Atlantic: 3 - Falklands. 4 - Pivdenno-Atlantic, 5 - Vushko, 6 - Brasilske, 7 - Bengelskoe, 8 - Pivdenna passatna. 9 - Angol, 10 - Gvianske, 11 - Equatorial prototype of Lomonosov; 12 - Gvineyska, 13-zelena misu, 14 - Antilski, 15 - Pivnichne pasatna, 16 - Kanarska, 17 - Golfstrom, 18 - Pivnichno-Atlantic, 19 - Labradorskoe, 20 - Irmingera, 21 - Baffinovo, 22-Zrenakhіland Indian Ocean: 3 - South Indian Ocean, 4 - Madagascar, 5 - Zakhidno-Australiske, 6 - Pivdenna Passatna, 7 - Somalijke. 8 - Equatorial prototype of Tareev, 9 - Zakhidno-Arabia, 10 - Skhidno-Arabiy, 11- Zakhidno-Bengal, 12 - Skhidno-Bengal; Pacific Ocean: 3 - Zakhidno-Novozelandske, 4 - Skhidno-Novozelandske, 5 - Skhidno-Australian, 6 - Pivdenno-Tikhookeanske, 7 - Peruansky, 8 - Pivdenna passatna; 9 - Peruano-Chileysky, 10 - Equatorial prototype of Krom-Vela, 11 - Mindanao, 12 - Pivnichne passatna, 13 - Mexicanske, 14 - Kaliforniy, 15 - Kurosio, 16 - Pivnichno-Tikhookeanske, 17 - Pivnichno-Tikhookeanske, 17 - - Alaskinskoe, 20 - Skhidno-Beringovomorske; Pivnichny Ice Ocean: 1 - Norvezke, 2 - Nordkapskoє, 3 - Skhidno-Greenland, 4 - Zakhidne arkticne, 5 - Tikhookeanske. For V.N. Stepanov (1974).
Upveling: K - Californian, M - Moroccan, N - Namibia, P - Peruvian, S - Somal. The main zones of illumination of clay waters, seas: L - Labrador, G - Greenland, V - Wadella, R - Ross.
Near the central parts of the subtropical gyres and at the winter of the Arabian Sea, woody [††] increased salinity is formed. The stench goes down and forms the top of the industrial waters, extending from the winter to the first polar fronts. Above them lie the surface of the water, with the haloclin. Closer to the poles, from the polar fronts, to the upper industrial waters, and to set up a charge, if homothermy arises. In the last seasons, the surface of the water heats up, setting the seasonal thermocline.
Naybilsh intensively interacts with the atmosphere of water and lies in the middle of the upper intermediate waters. In the middle of the mixing process, here until the stem of an apparently homogeneous surface ball. The same rate of heating will gradually deteriorate - cooling and definition - salinity, which will lead to, for example, thermal and salinity convections. The top and bottom of the water and the ball of the strip, or the seasonal piknoklinu, weighing tens of meters. The surface ball is characterized by seasonal changes the authorities of the lead. Right up to the poles, there are seasonal variations in temperature with a greater amplitude. Nearly warm areas can reach 20 ° C or more. The upper ball can be matched in paths up to 10-30 m, in outside latitudes reach 30-80 m, in the polar regions it changes up to 15-20 m. meaning numbers can change or change meaningfully. Lower boundary 
Small. 1.7. Allowance for temperature changes (isoanomalies) in the middle for a given latitude in the middle.
For A.S. Monino, Yu.A. Shishkov (1979).
The subsurface ball of bulipeas is partly roasted at depths of 200-300 m, on the shelf it slides to the bottom. In the middle latitudes, hang out and fall, in the high latitudes - a little during the period of homotherm, before the hour when the weather is known. Apply the temperature rise in terms of glybin in the surrounding areas of the deep sea is shown in Fig. 1.8.
On the shelf, de glibini is small, and the relief is folding, the hydraulic picture can be easily seen from the described diagrams. It is not often the middle of the mountain shelf amusing with the late lines of cold water, the upper one is in the surface sphere, just like the ice below the bottom of the line (in the holes, which pierce the shelf, especially the connection with the great glides of the winter), I know The water is more salty and in high latitudes, especially if it is warmer.
Oskіlki main heating water zdіysnyu Sonce, on the surface the water is higher temperature, lower below. Zdavalosya b, as a result of the whole maє but the establishment of a stratification of the Holy Ocean and the recognition of anaerous minds on its depths, to the point of being in the Black Sea at a time. However, it cannot be viewed. There are two mechanisms to provide for the exchange of water masses of the Holy Ocean. In the history of the Earth, having passed one or the other. It infects the highly dominant circulation of the polar type. The bottom line is that in the polar regions the water gets colder and becomes more important, lower than the lower balls, so it sinks, and at the first time more light warm water comes from the side of the eater. Glybinny and bottom waters are formed in two regions: in Pivnichniy Atlantitsi and near Antarctica. Come to the cold half of the rock, if the salinity of the cold surface waters growth through the establishment of ice. At the Pivnichniy Atlantitsa it is formed in the Labrador and in the early and early days of Greenland. Їх temperature 1.8-3.2 ° С, salinity 34.91-35.00% p. The stench extends across the entire Svitovoy Ocean right up to the Alaska inflow. Near Antarctica, it is formed in the Uedela, Rosa and, possibly, other regions. The stench of the snowy Atlantic ones (-0.9 ° C, 34.62% o), the stench of the stink is too much, the border is about 4 km. Besides, in the Pivnichniy Ice Ocean and in the whole sea near Shpits- 
Small. 1.8. Apply a temperature rise according to glybin. For A.D. Dobrovolsky,
B.S. Zalyaganna (1982).
Bergen has its own clay water with a temperature of -1.8- -1.9 ° C and a salinity of 34.8-34.9% o. The widening beyond the boundaries of the Pivnichniy Ice Ocean is the ridge, which goes from the Shetland Islands through the Faroe Islands and Iceland to Greenland. Some of them all overflow through the doorstep of the Old Atlantic. Nearby flows may be a clear tendency to follow Isobati. 
Small. 1.9. Near leaks. Glibini is less than 4000 m flooded. For V.N. Stepanov (1974). 
Bottom and bottom water and surface and bottom head thermocline. The top of the second inter-rose is about 300 m, the water temperature in the greater part of the Svitovoy ocean is close to 10 ° C. The lower temperature is more smoothly reduced and the lowering temperature to glibine is about p "c. 1.10. Peruvian upwelling.
1500 m, where the temperature is CLOSE 3 ° C, T. Є. Vm_st kisnyu in% of population on retail
temperature gradient of the head PIK-08038 "03/09/1978. According to O.K. Bordovsky. (1980). In the subpolar regions, the head thermocline rises to the surface.This area is called polar fronts. visoka middle-class primary product.
In fig. 1.9 shows a diagram of the current bottom leaks on great depths(Glibsche 4 km). The sinking of the waters, the order of the flowing wind, є moving the current circulation of the Svitovoy ocean.
I know that water rises to the surface in the areas of upwelling (in English. Upwelling) and in the private parts of the Pacific and Indian oceans. At quiet times, de-ekvatorialny flows go along the small shores of the oceans, there is a shortage of water. It is possible to compensate from one side (side) of the leak, how to go from higher latitudes, from the bottom (below) - the passage of clay waters. As soon as the coastline comes from high latitudes, so the water temperature will lower the temperature of the waters in the upwelling areas, I will remember it on the maps of the isotherm. Some of the processes that are seen in the Somali upwelling: the change of the western coast to the ocean and the lowering of the temperature here is not really rotated. Yogo wiklikay Somaliska leak, yake, wikklikayut musoni of the Arabian inflow into your own heart. It’s going to take the monsoon straight to the snake of the Somali leak for a few miles per depth of up to 1 km (Longhurst, 1998: 49). ale The main specialty upwellings are tied with those who are well-bred and sometimes rich in vitamins. I am constantly increasing the price of the first-class products. Upveling - the most productive areas and the Svitovoy Ocean (Fig. 1.10). Especially vidomy Peruvian ap 
Welling. The main upwelling is going on gradually, because the intensity of the increase is increasing. Most likely weakened Peruvian upwelling, so called El-Niño.
Highly productive pelagic spines of upwellings are poorly balanced, so there is a lot of organic speech falls to the bottom. Water rises to avenge a little bit of sourness: I want, at the moment of dropping out, the boole is sour, the world is sour before the upwelling, sour, but do not change. As a result, on the days in the areas of upwellings, instead of being sour even lower (Fig. 1.10), in every moment it drops to zero and is more likely to freeze. The benthos in the upwelling areas is clear, as well as most of the time, every day (Karpinsky, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1996, 2000; Kucheruk, 1985a).
In the case of a different type of vertical circulation, the water sinks in the mountains, and the degradation of the degree is not due to lower temperatures, as in the opposite type, but to higher salinity. The price is to flow through the transfer of vapors over the inflow of fresh water with litter and runoff from the mainland (Fig. 1.11, 1.12). As a result, the water on the surface is warmer (more important), the underlying water is more cold, ale mens salty. The whole type of circulation can be called aridnym, or equatorial, fragments of sinking waters are seen in arid (arid) areas near the ekvatorial. With a different type of circulation, the water descends through a higher high temperature, to ameliorate less acidity, lower than a polar one, so the intensity of such circulation is less. When the water is lowered from the point of view to the poles, there is a small amount of acid to turn on oxidized. As a result, during the period of panuvannya circulation of the type of mali misce:
- nagato bilsh visok temperature of glybin,
- nagato mensha shvidk_st exchange of clay waters i
- Rise of stratification: the ocean extends to the lower acid-free sphere, in which it can only be bacterial anaerobic life and the upper, aerobic. The position of the cordon between them was initiated by the monastic officials: vіtrové hvilyuvannya, leaks, etc. D.
their scales. In the Danish hour there are the most turns on pivnoch. Indian Ocean(Adenska inflow and Chervona sea). Here, on the mainland, it is possible to spontaneously drop down to the point of sourness, even up to 0. In a given hour, salty and warm water are falling, and it’s all the less water. In addition, the type of circulation in these areas does not extend more than 3 km.
Oscillations with the opposite type of vertical circulation of the mountain did not reveal sourness to the ocean, aerobny life on the great mountains for the history of the Earth, the history of the Earth, which developed and became known when the circulation of the polar type was established. It is important that the colonization of the abysmal sea bays in the ocean by the most abundant types is reduced to the minimum of three: in the Precambrian (first inhabited), the Carboniferous - the Permian and Cenozoic, when the fauna of the ginul in the period of the warmer circulator
Krim districts with an old type of circulation, low vmist sour right up to freezing is typical for:
- Strongly stratified waters (for example, the Black Sea), de-scarcity of vineyards through a weak vertical circulation.
- Districts with even higher products (for example, upwellings), de-deficiency of vineyards through yogo vitrati for oxidized great amount of organic speech, synthesized in upwelling areas; before that, the vertical circulation goes from bottom to top here, and in the bottom balls instead of downsides.
- Others are warmed up by water, and as a result of a typical program, for an hour it is calm and there may be some strong gradients of strength (temperature and salinity), which can lead to local deaths (this is typical, for example, for the Sea of Azov).
At a distance of up to dozens of meters above the bottom, the bottom piknokline is roasted. For a great part of an hour, the bottom ball grows between them and the bottom of the bottom ball grows through the benthos activity, through the filtering activity. The price can often be seen with an indelible eye when scuba diving, or from underwater equipment (on great mountain slopes, right up to deep water). At the same hour, for the whole ball it is characteristic that there are strong currents (the bottom of the storm). Every hour of storms there can be a sharp (by an order of magnitude) and quickly (by a stretch of decilkoh years) the quickness of the swelling of the bottom fall, the creatures can wind up but vimit from the ground; The calamity and quality of the near-bottom ball are seen to be improved. The ball of pidvishenoi kalamutnosty (nepheloidny) in the open ocean can reach up to several hundred meters. The most nepheloid ball of twists and turns is on the mainland.
The turbulence of the bottom ball is adjusted to bring the bottom water to a specific hydrochemical regime. So, in the benthal, on the vidminu from the pelagic, the change of biogens grows over the top. On the other side, the stirring of rich organisms and renewed spikes of metals (saline, manganese) of bottom fells and the appearance of high, due to plankton, biomass, and to bring up the sourness of life.
On the shelf, convective streams, leaks, fluctuations can be infused and often infused onto the entire product from the surface to the bottom. It is not uncommon for plankton and benthic organisms to inhabit one water mass. Tse bring up the development of numerical biological relationships and actually in the meaning of the world of common pelagic and benthic spirits, through which regions are often called unreliable.