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America to enter Europe chi ni. Vіdstalі agrarian districts. Natural mind and resources of foreign Europe

Foreign EuropeEurope is a part of light in the winter season of the Earth, washed by the seas
Pivnichnogo Lodovity i Atlantic Ocean, I'm close to 10
million km² і the population is close to 740 million (close to 10% of the population of the Earth).

rice EGP

Economics and geography
It starts with two head rice.
1) According to the Perche, the susid provisions of the cikh lands on the basis of the date of one
alone. With altogether small dimensions of the territory, little
"Glibin" and garnoy transport "passages" from the country abo
intermittently without interruption, for the distribution is small
around. Until then, it’s important to pass through
such natural boundaries, as they do not cross significant
conversion code for transport links.
2) In a different way, the seaside camp of the most important
the country, a lot of those who have been rocked close to those who have
sea shlikhiv... In the western part of the region, there is no mistsya, from a long distance
the seas are more low by 480 km, in the skidn_y - by 600 km. All life
Great Britain, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Iceland,
Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece for a long time now
tied with the sea, "daughter of the sea" - so you can say about the skin of them.

Natural resources and mind

On the territory of foreign Europe and distribution
bezlich brown copalins. Before pivnichno
parts to carry ore and burned cinnamon
copalini. At the paved part of the country they are handling ore
generic yak magmatic so i
siege campaign. natural
change your mind for silskiy
very friendly and good
vikoristovuyutsya still holding out bagatioh table

population

The number of inhabitants of the central part of the age of growth
by and large. The territory is in the fire of light
labor emigration, there are close to 20 million.
Foreign robots.
It is important to note that there is a large region of Europe
high-urbanized, high-quality indicators
urbanization to Belgium, UK and
Netherlands.
The land of Europe is carried to the European family,
razrіznyayut chotiri major types of powers on
national warehouse. Tse mononational (
Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Dania)
to one nation (Great Britain, France,
Finland), two nationalities (Belgium) and
Bagatonation (Switzerland, Latvia).

prominence

The model of the industrial virobnitstva of the Foreign Europe has become aware of
a number of changes in conjunction with historical furnishings, such as
kіlka transformed svitovy rinok. Until the ear of the Other
holy wines European powers let the road go
unique products, in the evening hours of the enterprise
changed to a mass rescuer.
Wirobnytvom over-folding and scientific products were engaged in
USA, at that hour yak Єvropa celebrated the vipuskati of comrade masovoy
people's living of passenger cars, by the way, electronics and
technological possession.
A similar trend was preserved until the 70s: in the whole period in
promises of foreign Europe passed without a doubt
podіl pratsі power of the Seredzemomorskiy region
promoted the release of mass goods, from France, England and FRN
a careful emphasis on the robustness of ships and aviation, which has passed
virobniche vіdstavannya Europe vіd USA.

Silske Gospodarstvo

For the main types of agricultural products
most of the countries will take care of my
consumer and post-consumer
markets. Writing a different light in the agrarian
well, in the system of land cold and land
Significant changes were introduced, knitted from
the transition from the universal rural village
government to the great special
visokovartisnі to the government, included in the system
agrobusiness. The main type of silskogospodarsky
the enterprise has become great highly mechanized
farm. Heads Silskoy government foreign
Evropi - development and creation, yak
expanded everywhere, one by one

Into the flow of natural and historical
There are three main types of minds in the region
Silskoy government: 1) Pivnichnoeuropeysky, (For
pіvnіchno-European type, expanded in
Scandinavia, Finland, and also in
Great Britain, characterized by a
intensive milk production, and in
service staff
cultures and syrikh hlibiv.)
2) middle European (Middle European type
meet the trivialities of creation
milk and milk-meat straight
also pigs and pets)
3) pivdenno-European (For pivdenno-European type
characteristically overvalued
roslinnitstva, todі yak tvarinnіstvo vіdіgraє
another role.)

transport

Regional transport system for the region
be introduced in the main to Western European type.
For the distance to transport the won nagato to sacrifice
systems of the USA and Russia. For safety reasons
transport line stand far ahead, occupy
perche mіsce in svіtі. Arch of the temple і density
ruhu, the role of international and
transit traffic.
It is even more foldable in the region. Ale main frame
establish the main latitudinal and meridian
directly, as may be internationally significant.
Richkovi paths also may be meridionally abo
the latitude is straight.

Nevirobnicha Orb WE

Foreign Europe has 60 of 200
the most light banks. Switzerland has become the standard of the country bank for a long time: in safes її
Banks lie half of all valuable porches to the light.
Especially see "economical capital"
land - Tsurikh. I will stay for an hour in the country of the bank.
Frankfurt am Main. Ale everything is the best
the financial center of the boulevard is London.

Significant economical calls

Behind the foreign exchange of the new trade
overseas Europe at once
misce. The main trading partners are the countries of the EU,
the rest of the hour to get used to the markets of the country
Skhidnoi Europe and Russia.
In the export part of industrial virobes
I change 90%, in import I also change
I'm ready for the product, ale the great pity wag
May the syruvin і fiery.

Characteristic In the last ten years, a part of the foreign
Europe in light of the main indicators of the international
tourism is steadily decreasing.
Europe prodovzhu became the leading tourist and recreational region of the world: in 2001, there were 385 million
chol., and up to 2010 the indicator, with the forecast, growth up to
476 million in tourism in foreign Europe borrowed 35 million
lyudin; this figure is close to 8% of the country's GDP to the European Union.
Causes of the tourist "boom" development of the international
tourism in the region welcomes natural factors:
rich and versatile natural and recreational resources,
oversized ruggedness of the coastline and
a great number of bays, inflow, internal seas, thousand
kilometers of sea beaches, dense richkova, mosaic
landscapes and days on the territory of the coastal areas
і mountain landscapes. cultural and historical officials: wealth
historical and architectural memorials,
a high level of spiritual and material culture,
mosaic of the national and religious warehouse of the population,
visokiy rіven osvіti.

The territory of foreign Europe is about 5 yew. Km, from the approach to the skid - 3 yew. Km. Outside the borders of the land of foreign Europe, it is admittedly small. Їх economic and geographic provisions are based on two factors: according to the Pershe, the state of affairs of the land in relation to the relationship is one to one; in a different way, a seaside camp of a large land.

V Zakhidniy Europe The presence of both the land and the constitutional monarchy, as well as the republic. In the main, they are the unified powers, but they are also federal.

Natural mind and resources are set up with a friendly mind for the development of industry, the Silskoy government, transport, recreation and tourism.

In the midst of cinnamon copalins, there are especially reserves of kam'yanovogo, gold ore, bauxite and high-value salts.

Agroclimatic resources allow the cultivation of agricultural cultures of the world and subtropical zones. Shvets_ya and Finland_Mayut by the best changes for the implementation of the fossyship of the state. Spain, Italy, France and ін. Mayut have more natural and recreational resources.

At the edges of Western Europe, the first type of population is growing. Behind the national warehouse, the population of Western Europe is one-year-old. It is important that a large number of peoples are referred to the Indo-European family, in the main - to the Slovenian, German and Romance groups. On the settlement of the population, the great inflow is nada urbanization. characteristic rice urbanization - even more so than the concentration of the population in the towns and cities of the city.

Gentlemen to the region of the loan for the first time in the history of export and import of goods. Overseas Europe loans first place for reserves of gold and currency and for the development of international tourism.

The economy of the region is based on the chotiri of the country: Nimechchina, France, Great Britain and Italy.

The Misce of Western Europe in the international subdivision of the business begins to develop industry. In the її structures they see machine-building, chemistry industry, fire-energy industry, metallurgy industry and light industry.

The structures of the Silskoe State Prize have seen a great deal of specialty, high-quality products. With the influx of natural and historical minds in the region, three types of the Silskoy government were formulated: the wine-European type with the meat and milk production, the middle European type,

The framework of the transport network of the foreign Europe and to become the international mains of the meridian and latitudinal direction.

Western Europe has close to 400 metropolitan areas. The most significant of them are located in the boundaries of the central axis and stretch along the territory of 8 lands, more than 15 thousand km. In the middle of the central axis, there are 120 million of them, and more than half of the economic potential of the region.

Economic districts of Western Europe and to play on chotiri groups:

1) high-growth districts, new economic economies are developing;

2) old industrial districts;

3) areas of new development;

4) in the form of agrarian districts.

At the border of foreign Europe, with the documents of the UN, we see some of the subregions: Europe (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ugorschina, Romania and Bulgaria), Zahidnu Svetiu (three countries of the Great Britain) (Scandinavian land, Dania, Finland and Baltic land) and Pivdennu Europe (Seredzemomorsk land).

The most significant subdivision of foreign Europe to the subregion: Western and Central European Europe. Prior to the warehouse of Zakhidnoy, there are 24 regions, which have long entered the market economy and are called "capitalistic" by the old terminology. Prior to the warehouse of Central Europe, there were 15 post-socialist regions, which until the 80s of the 20th century were part of the social system of socialism.

FOREIGN EUROPE

GEOGRAPHIC SPECIFIC

Europe from the Greek "zurope" - the land of the call, from the Assyrian "ereb" - haze, "sleepy zhid", "zahid" (Azia vid "asu" - "skid").

Peculiarities of geographic location

The territory of overseas Europe (excluding the regions of the SND) is 5.1 million km 2, and the area is close to 10 million km 2. The length of the winter per day (from the island of Spitsbergen to the island of Crete) is 5 thousand km. Km, and when approaching the skid - more than 3 yew. Km.
Reliefna "mosaic" of the territory: 1: 1 - lower and middle territories. The middle of Europe is greater than the middle height. The border passes through such natural boundaries that there is no crossing code for transport links.
A high step of the coastline.
Primorska is the state of the great land. The average distance from the sea is 300 km. Near the western part of the region, there is no distance from the sea more than 480 km, in the skid, 600 km.
The "glibina" of the territory of the largest land is small. So in Bulgaria and the Ugorshchyna there is a mismatch, as there are boules from the distance to the cordons of the cich of the land for 115-120 km.
Susіdske position, friendly for integration processes.
It is not possible to grow out in the plan of contacts with the sieve of light, so that it is located on the stick from Asia and Africa, hanging far into the ocean - "the great pilgrimage of Eurasia".
versatility natural resources, Ale non-complex distribution in the regions, a lot of ancestry in the meaning of the world of viroblenia.

VISNOVOK: see the EGP, good ideas for the development of the government.

POLITICAL MAP OF EUROPI

Until the mid-80s, there were 32 sovereign powers, including micro-powers. On the ear of the 90s - close to 40 powers.

6 of the most on the territory: France, Spain, Switzerland, Norway, FRN, Finland.

Policy I ADMINISTRATIVE-TERITORIAL DEVICE CRAIN EUROPI

A great part is sovereign powers, 34 - republics, 14 - monarchies.

Princes of Monaco, Liechtenstein, Andorra.
Duchy of Luxembourg.
Kingdoms: Great Britain, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Spain, Sweden.

All the stench of the constitutional monarchy.

Theocratic monarchia: papacy - Vatican.
Federations: FRN, Belgium, Austria, FRY, Spain.
Confederation: Switzerland.

Found in the Republic of San Marino (from the XIII century), the Swiss Confederation from the end of the 13th century.

Head political and economic unions

Most of the countries are important - the members of the UN. Switzerland went to the UN warehouse near Veresna 2002 r

NATO members (14 territories): Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Belgium, Great Britain, Luxembourg, Netherlands, FRN, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Ugorschina, Poland, Czech Republic. At the Prazkiy Summit in the fall of leaves in 2002, 7 new members were requested to the Alliance: Slovakia, Slovenia, Rumunia, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. Aleksei rightful members of the stench can stat only in 2004
EU members (15 countries): Denmark, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, FRN, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Austria. Since 2002, the number of countries in the EU is growing. Since 2004, a number of countries in the EU can be made for the rakhunok of Poland, Lithuania and the United States.

DIFFERENTIATION OF CRANES FOR RIVNEM SOCIAL-ECONOMIC ROSVITKU

Most of the countries are referred to the group of promises. Chotiri of the land: FRN, Great Britain, France and Italy to enter the warehouse of the "great family of the land." A special place on the economic map of the region is occupied by the post-socialist lands, or the lands with the transitional economy.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Natural resources of light value

vugillya:

Global stocks: 3 months in the world of Asia and America
Kam'yane vugillya: 3 months in the world of Asia and America
Stock development: 3 months of Asia and America
Kam'yane vugillya - 2 months of Asia
Bure Wugilla - 3 Months of America and Asia
For the Kam'yanogo Vugilla: Czech Republic, Nimechchina, Poland, Great Britain
For brown vugilya: Nimechchina, Skhidna Europe

Girnicho-Khimichna sirovina (kaliynі salts): Nimechchina, France

Recreational resources: Pivdenna Europe, France and ін.

Natural resources of regional significance

lisovi

3 months in the light of the day Of Americaі SND

Lists - 32% - take 3 months from Zarub. Azієyu, do Latin Americaі SND.

Sami lisists: Finland (59%), Sweden (54%)

ribnі

Pivnichna Europe(Norway, Iceland)

mineral

Uranium ores: France, Switzerland, Spain
Salt ore: France, Switzerland
Мідні ore: Poland, Finland, buvs. Yugoslavia
Nafta: Great Britain, Norway, Rumunia
Gas: Netherlands, UK, Norway
Mercury ores: Spain, Italy
Boxing: France, Greece, Ugorschina, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Syrka: Poland
Graph: Czech Republic

hydroenergetic resources

The resource of the secondary river runoff per capita is 6 yew. М 3 рік, less than only in Asia

Hydropotential - at the forefront (lower only in Australia and Oceania). Ale visoka steps of development - 70% - 1 month in the light.

agroclimatic resources

Seredzemnomor'ї, Middle and Skhidna Europe

Land resources

Svitovy land fund: 134 million sq. km. 3 of them on the Zacordonna "fall of Europe" 5.1 million sq. M. km (the last place in the light). Per capita population - 1 hectare

The structure of the land fund in Europe in%: 29/18/32/5/16 (Dovidkovo: the structure of the land fund in%: 11/23/30/2/34).

For a piece of plowed lands - 1 month (29%)

A piece of land occupied by the pasture (18%) is lower, lower in the middle (23%), and a piece of land occupied by forest (32%) is more (30%).

Most in the last piece of land, occupied by the population of the locality: 5%

Mensh nіzh in the other parts of the svitu part of unproductive land - 16%

Rilley safety per capita - 0.28 hectares with an average rate of 0.24-0.25 hectares

POPULATION

Table 1.Demography-social-economic indicators of society, Foreign Europe and subregions of Europe

indicators	Weight of light	Zarubizhna Europe	Pivnichna Europe	Zakhidna Europe	Pivdenna Europe	Skhidna Europe
Area, yew. Km 2	132850	5014	1809	1108	1315	782
Population size in 1998, mln. Chol.	5930	516,2	93,6	183,1	144,3	95,2
Narodzhuvanist, ‰	24	11	13	11	11	11
Mortality, ‰	9	11	11	10	9	12
natural priest	15	0	2	1	2	-1
Ochіkuvana triviality of life, m / f	63/68	70/77	74/70	74/81	74/80	62/73
Vikova structure, up to 16 / over 65	62/6	19/14	20/15	18/15	18/14	62/73
A part of the city population in 1995,%	45	74	84	81	65	64
GDP per capita in 1995, $	6050	1500	18500	19470	13550	5260

In Europe, there are 96 cases of seizure per 100 women.

urbanization

Most of the regions of Foreign Europe are highly urbanized - Belgium (97%), Netherlands and Great Britain (89% each), Denmark (85%). Tilki Portugal (36%), Albania (37%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (49%) are referred to medium-urbanized regions (a part of the city's population does not change 50%).

The most common agglomerations of Europe: London, Parizky, Reinsko-Rursky.

Megalopolis: English, Reinsky.

A characteristic process is suburbanization.

migration

Centers of international imaging: France, Great Britain, FRN, Switzerland, at least 10% in the foreign number of employers are foreign robots. Region of emigracia - land of Pivdennaya Europe: Italy, Portugal, Spain, Serbia; Turechchina, the land of Pivnichnoy Africa.

National warehouse

Most of the countries of Europe are referred to the European family.

one-national(Tobto the main population is to become 90%). Їх most in Europe (Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Switzerland, Denmark, FRN, Poland, Austria, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Italy, Portugal),
for the sharp delights of one nation, Ale if there are more significant minorities (Great Britain, France, Spain, Finland, Rumunia);
dvonational(Belgium);
bagatonational lands, With a foldable and heterogeneous warehouse in a different kind of warehouse (Russia, Switzerland, FRY, Latvia, etc.).

In the Bagatian lands there are folding problems of international cities: Great Britain, Spain (Basques), France (Corsica), Belgium, Cyprus and Ukraine.

Religiyniy warehouse of the population

Panuyucha Religiya - Christianity.

Pivdenna Europe - Catholicism
Pivnichna - Protestantism
Middle - Protestantism and Catholicism
Skhidna - Orthodox and Catholicism
Albania, Croatia - islam

STATE: MISTSE IN SVITI, VIDMINNOSTI MIZH KRAUNAMI.

Foreign Europe, as a tsilisny region, borrowed the first place in the state government for the size of the industrial and the agricultural sector, for the export of goods and services, for the reserves of gold and foreign exchange, and for the development of international tourism.

The economy of the region in Pershu Chergu viznachayut chotiri of the land, to enter into the "great family" of the land of entry - FRN, France, Great Britain and Italy. The country itself is the best with a wide range of summer galuzei and virobnits. Aleksandr spіvvіdnoshennya forces between them for the remainder of ten years of change. The role of the leader passed to the FRN, the economy of which on the roads of reindustrialization develops more dynamically. Great Britain, the "master of the world", has spent a lot of its own number of positions.

The most economical countries are Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Switzerland. On the vidminu of chotirhoh of the leading lands, the economy is special to go ahead on the outskirts, which won, as a rule, the European or the worlds of knowledge. Small and middle lands are especially widely drawn in the modern economy. best viskogo rivnya The prevalence of economy in Belgium and Netherlands.

A special place on the economic map of the region is occupied by the land of the Eastern Europe, from the end of the 1980s. the transition from the coli-system and suspension power and centralized planning to the system based on market principles is considered. The post-socialist lands, a trivial hour in their social and economic development, were directed towards the Radiansky Union (and the Baltic lands were part of the new one), now it is more "to wonder" not at Shid, but at Zakhid. Such a change of organization is a great infusion on the Galuzev and territorial structure of the state, in direct economic terms.

Industry: head galusies.

The region has more metal-working verstats, industrial robots, precise and optical attachments, automobiles, tractors, naphtha products, plastics, chemical fibers, not in the USA.

Machinery- Provided the promiscuity of foreign Europe, yak є yogo batkivshchyna. On qiu galuz the fitє 1/3 of the whole industrial products region and 2/3 of the year export.

Especially great growth has been cut off automotive industry... Such car brands as Renault (France), Volkswagen and Mercedes (FRN), FIAT (Italian Automobile Torino Factory), Volvo (Switzerland), Czechia, buses "Ikarus" (Ugorshchyna). The United Kingdom, Belgium, Spain, and the other lands have the backwaters of the Ford Motor Company.

Machine-building, which is focused on labor resources, science base and infrastructure, the most difficult to great places and agglomerations, including the capital.

Chemistry in the foreign Europe loan another place for machine-building. It is especially important to refer to the very "chemistry" of the land not only to the region, but to the whole world - FRN.

Until other times, the chemical industry was organized as a head rank on the Kamyan and the storm of the Vugilla, Kaliin and cooking salts, Pyrite and growing in areas of їkh vidobutku. The reorientation of the galuzi on the carbohydrate syruvina called for it before it was destroyed "to naphtha". In the western part of the region, the destruction of the viraz persh for everything great centers naftokhimії in the estuaries of Thames, Seni, Rhine, Elbi, Roni, de tsya galuzi will go to the naptopererobka.

The largest university in the region of naphtha production and oil refineries was formed in the Rhine and Sheldi Estuaries in the Netherlands, in the Rotterdam region. In fact, I will provide service to all Zakhidna Europe.

In the general part of the region, the destruction "to oil" is grafted to the stem of oil refineries and naphtha-chemical complexes on the routes of the main naphtha and gas pipelines.

Heads of nafto-refining and naphtha-chemical enterprises of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ugorshchyna Buli were encouraged to join the international naphtha pipeline "Druzhba" and gas pipelines, according to which naphtha was needed and natural gas s Radiansky Union... In Bulgaria, the reasons for the naphtokhimia are "destroyed" to the Uzbek coast of the Black Sea.

V fire-energy government Most of the countries of the foreign Europe and the world have borrowed naphtha and natural gas, which can be seen near the region itself (the Sea of Russia), as well as imported from the country, which is developing, in Russia. The video clip and living in the UK, FRN, France, Netherlands, Belgium has quickly passed. In the generalized part of the region, there is a lot of growth for the future, moreover, there is no style for stone (Poland, Czechia), but for a storm. Mabut, in all the light of the dumb region, de bure vugilla grav bi has such a great role in the fire and energy balance.

There is a great deal of TEC on the Vugilny Basin. The stench is also prompted in seaports (on a private land) and in great places... More and more influx into the structure and geography of power engineering - especially in France, Belgium, FRN, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ugorshchina, Bulgaria - we have equipped AES, which in the region are more than 80. On the Danube, and on the other Duero is equipped with HES for the whole cascade.

All the same, in the greater lands, with the blame of Norway, Switzerland and Switzerland, HES now play an additional role. Oscillations of hydraulic resources for the region of vicoristan are already 4/5, the rest of the hour will be overwhelmingly economical GAES. Geothermal energy is growing in Iceland.

metallurgy industry foreign Europe in the main formulated before the ear of the era of scientific and technological revolution. Chorna Metallurgy took away the development of the first for everything in the provinces, as well as with metallurgical firing and (abo) Syrovino: FRN, Great Britain, France, Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Poland, Czech Republic.

The idea of other new developments in the great combination of boules was prompted by an expansion in seaports for the import of more high-quality and cheap gold ore and metal. The most and the most successful of the combinats, which are equipped in seaports, are located in Taranto (Italy).

For an hour, it will not be great combinates, but small backwaters.

Naivazhlivіshі galuzі color metallurgy - alumіnієvaі my profession. aluminum production viniklo yak in the land, I have stocks bauxite (France, Italy, Ugorshchina, Rumuniya, Gretsiya), as well as in the regions, there is no alumina sirovini, but there is a lot of electricity (Norway, Switzerland, FRN, Austria). For an hour, the alumininivi backwaters will increasingly go to the Syrovin, to come from the lands, and to develop by sea route.

my profession has taken out the greatest development from FRN, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Yugoslavia.

Lisova promislovist, Shho orієntutsya in front of the dzherela sirovini, transformed into a galuz of the international specialization of Sweden and Finland, which has long established the head "Lisovy workshop of the region".

Easy prominence For example, the industrialization of foreign Europe was repaired, and it has lost its significant meaning with a significant world. Old textile districts, which were formed on the occasion of the industrial revolution (Lancashire and Yorkshire in Great Britain, Flanders in Belgium, Lyonsky in France, Milansky in Italy), as well as wine in the 19th century. Odzkiy region Poland is in our days. In an hour, it’s easy to make a promise to make it to Holy Europe, so make sure to reserve cheap working power. Thus, Portugal has transformed itself not into the head "garment factory" of the region. And ital_ya s vyrobnitstva doesn’t do anything except to China.

There are also lots of bugs in the bagatels of the country. national traditions from virobnitsvі furniture, musical instruments, virobіv from skla, metal, embellishment, іgrashok, etc.

SILSKE STATE: THREE HEADED TYPES.

For the main types of agricultural products, a large number of countries will increase their consumption and supply in the first place on the foreign markets. The main type of the silskogospodarsky farm is a large, highly mechanized farm. Ale in Pivdenniy Europe is still rearing for land farming and other land farming for peasants-rent.

The heads of the galusies of the Silskoy Gospodarstvo of the foreign Europe are the development and the creation, which are widened everywhere, one by one. With the influx of natural and historical minds in the region, three main types of the Silskoy statehood were formed:

1) Pivnichno-European, 2) Middle-European, and 3) Pivdeno-European.

for pivnichnoeuropean type Expanded in Scandinavia, Finland, as well as in Great Britain, it is characterized by an intensive milk production, and in the service industry - fodder crops and silver cakes.

middle European type to see the breeding of dairy and milk-meat directly, as well as pigs and poultry. Even the highest standard has reached the level of creation in Dania, it has long become a galuzzi of international specialization. Tsia kraina is one of the most popular in the world of virobniks and exporters of olia, milk, sir, pork, eggs. It is not easy to call the "dairy farm" Europe.

Roslinstvo is not without the satisfaction of the main consumer of the population in food, ala and "pratsyu" for food. Significantly, and in some part of the forest land is occupied by fodder crops.

for pivdenno-European type Characteristic is the revaluation of the development, todi as the creation of a different role. If I want to make a smattering of grain crops in crops, the international specialization of the European Union should start in front of a variety of fruits, citrus fruits, grapes, olives, migdal, grain crops, wheat. uzberezhzha Midland Sea- the head "Evropi's garden".

All the middle-sea Uzbeks of Spain and especially the region of Valencia are called "Uerta", that is, "Garden". Here you can grow fruits and vegetables, ale nibilshe - oranges, and a variety of trivia from the breast to the birch trees. For the export of oranges, Spain is a loan for the first time in the world. Greece has more than 90 million olive trees. This tree became for the Greeks of its own kind national symbol... 3 Hours of Old Elladi Olive Hilka is a sign of peace.

The bagatokh vypadkah specialization of the Silskoy state dignity nabuvak has a greater vuz'k profile. Thus, France, Netherlands and Switzerland are famous for their brewery sir, Netherlands - for kits, Nimechchin and Czechia - for growing barley and hops and breweries. And according to the variety of grape wines France, Spain, Italy, Portugal are seen not only in Europe, but in the whole world.

Ribalism has long become a galuzzi of international specialization in Norway, Denmark and especially in Iceland.

NEVIROBNICA SPHERE

Transport: main main lines and universities.

Regional transport system to the region is carried to Western European type... For the distance, the transportation of the won on the basis of the price is transferred to the systems of the United States and Russia. Then, due to the safety of the transport, the cost is far ahead, occupying the first place in the world. Altogether, not very large cities stimulated the development of automobile transport, which now plays a leading role in the transportation of not only passengers, but also vantages. Merezha zaliznyts in large regions it is fast, and there are great new buildings in the 50-70s. boules are typical only for the doers of the territories of Western Europe (Poland, Yugoslavia, Albania).

The configuration of the land transport network for the region is even more foldable. Alle the main frame, the main lines of latitudinal and meridional straight lines, which may be internationally significant, are set up. The main latitudinal trans-European main lines pass in the following way: 1) Brest - Paris - Berlin - Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow, 2) London - Paris - Week - Budapest - Belgrade - Sofia - Istanbul.

River paths are also meridional (Rhine) or latitude (Danube) straight. The Rhine - Main - Danube waterway is especially great for transport.

Danube - "transnational building": Nimechchina, Austria, Slovakia, Ugorschina, Croatia, FRY, Bulgaria, Rumunia, Ukraine

Rhine: Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Nimechchina, France, Netherlands.

Drava: Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, FRY

Tisa: Ukraine, Rumunia, Slovakia, Ugorshchyna, FRY

There are great transport universities in the land and internal water routes. By day such universities є і sea port, As a service provider before international transportation. Bagato svitovyh yurts (London, Hamburg, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Le Havre) are located in the girls-estuaries of the rik, which will knit them out of the Glybin regions. All the stinks were actually re-made in Udin port and industrial complexes... For them, the characteristic development of the galuzei of the maritime state, especially the so-called "port industry", is good for the privilege of the overseas syrovin. The largest of them is Rotterdam. Vantazoobіg Rotterdam port to become close to 300 million tons per rіk. Rosetting on one of the branches of the Rhine 33 km from the sea; European countries... In the Glybinny districts of wines are tied by waterways along the Rhine and the Moselle, along the winter and highway roads, naftogas pipelines.

Zakhidna Europe is a good butt of that, as it is possible to navigate a great natural passage, it will cease to be an unbreakable bridge for transport links. Numerical values, automobile roads and pipelines to cross the Alpi. Cross the sea to cross the shores of the Baltic, Pivnichny, Seredzemny Seas. Highway bridges are thrown across the Bosphorus, across the Great Belt. Completed "project capital" - sporud zaliznichny tunnel through the English Channel.

Science and finance: technoparks, technopoles and banking centers.

Behind the butt of the "Silikonovo Valley" in the United States in foreign Europe, there is also a wealth of scientific and pre-historic parks, technopolis, which, in the significant world, also start the geography of science in a number of countries. Most of them are located in the outskirts of Cambridge (Great Britain), Munich (FRN). In France, in the Nice region, the so-called "Valley of High Technology" is taking shape.

Foreign Europe has 60 of the 200 most popular banks. Switzerland has long become the standard of the country-banker: in the safes of the bank there are half of all valuable paperwork. Especially see the "economic capital" of the land - Tsurich. I will stay for an hour in the land of the banker, having re-created і Luxembourg and Frankfurt-am-Main. And yet London is still the largest financial center of the boulevard.

Vidpochinok and tourism

Overseas Europe has become the leading region of international tourism. Here the development of all kinds of tourism, even the highest level of "Industry Tourism", was cut off. As a country-leader in international tourism, Spain, France and Italy are also invariably included. Until the number of the most popular regions, the number of tourists is also Great Britain, FRN, Austria, Switzerland, Greece, Portugal, Czech Republic, Ugorshchyna. And in such microdisciplines, such as Andorra, San Marino, Monaco, the service of tourists has long been the main source of income. Here, one hundred tourists fall on a skin resident.

guard dovkillaі ecological problems

As a result of the high population density, the long-standing industrial and agricultural development of the territory, the natural middle of the foreign Europe in the best world has become geographic middle human suspension... All kinds of anthropogenic landscapes are widened here. Ale, overnight, the tse summoned up to the aggravation of the problems of nature protection and ecology.

The deyak from them were tied with an open-cut vidbut, spalling and a chemical cork of a viscous ash (persh for all brown) vugilla. Інші - from the distribution of a number of places and agglomerations, metallurgical, naphtha and gas processing and naphtochemical plants, AES on the banks of the Rhine, Elbi, Danube, Visli, on the sea Uzbeks, third - extended acids. Fourth - due to the greater "power of cars", as in the number of city agglomerations there are still 250-300 cars per 1 km 2. natural center, Yak in the Alps, and on the Uzbek coast of the Seredland Sea. Shosta - with a majestic security for the natural environment, as a result of the catastrophe of supertankers, it is not easy to trample, especially on the steps to the English Channel.

All regions of the region should pursue a state-owned environmental policy and take all the more important steps in from guarding the midst. Seeing suvors of nature protection laws, the recognition of the mass community organizations and the party of "greens", the propaganda of victorious bicycles is being carried out, the border of national parks and the largest territories to be protected has been expanded.

Everything called for the first positive results. However, the ecological situation in Bagatyokh lands is still becoming more and more foldable. In the first place, it is carried out to Great Britain, Federal Republic of People's Republic, Belgium, Poland, Czech Republic.

In total ecological situation in the generalized part of the foreign Europe it is meaningfully better, not in the western one.

GEOGRAPHIC MALYUNOK ROZSELENNYA I GOVERNMENT.

"Central Vis" rozvitku-head element of the territorial structure of the region.

The territorial structure of the population and the statehood of foreign Europe was mainly formed in the 19th century, if it was not a leading official of the distribution of natural resources, and if there was a decline in the metallurgical regions of Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany For other light developments, the greatest inflow on the whole structure was provided by officials of labor resources and vigod EGP, and the last hour also - scientific and environmental.

All in the region there are about 400 metropolitan areas and close to a hundred industrial districts. The most significant of them are located in the boundaries of the "central axis" of the development, which stretches along the territory of eight regions. We will cut our hair to serve "the head of the street in Europe" - the Rhine - Rhone line. There are 120 million people living in the border of the "axis", and almost half of the entire economic potential of the region.

In foreign Europe, you can see a few smaller "axes" of smaller scales. Tse promislovo-mischievous belt sleeping cordons Poland, Czech and FRN, Danube "vis", smugs of head naphtha pipelines, deyaki primorski zones.

Visokorozvineni districts: butt London and Paris.

Naybіlsh yaskravimy butts of high-rise districts, which concentrate the new industry, infrastructure, science, culture, the sphere of services, can serve the metropolitan region of Great London and Great Paris.

Both London and Paris have grown in front of the administrative-political center of their land, which smells like serving more than eight tables. Offended by the capitals є great industrial centers In some high-tech scientific galusies are widely represented, and in Paris there is also a release of the so-called "Parisian virobes" (sewing, jewelry, etc.). Even more important are those that are the most important banks and banks, the headquarters of monopolies, establish the provincial sciences, as well as the residences of international organizations. According to the regional programs, the central parts of both metropolitan regions are being re-installed.

In the outskirts of London, we are prompted, in the outskirts of Paris - five misters.

The attachments of the second high-priced districts of foreign Europe can serve: the new district of the Federal Republic of Russia with centers in Stuttgart and Munich, the "industrial trikutnik" Milan - Turin - Genoa in the Italian, industrial-midska Rustal All the stench is found in the boundaries of the "central axis" development.

Staropromislovikh districts.

There are a lot of old industrial districts in the іnshomu region of light of the same number of old industrial districts with the cultivation of basic galuzei, like in the Western Europe. Most of them were victorious on the basis of Kamyanovugilny basins. In the middle of such districts, Rurskiy is especially visible, which for a stretch of ten years is rightfully enthralled by the industrial heart of Nimechchin.

In the boundaries of the Rursky basin and adjacent to the new districts lay the Nizhnyoreinsky-Rurska agglomeration. There are 9 yews on the area. Km2 live 11 million. Cholovik and zooseredzheno close to a hundred places, including 20 great. This is the only such collection of great places in one territory of Germany, Mabut, nowhere in the world. In some parts of the agglomeration, the area of the population reaches 5 yew. Cholovik per 1 km2. Ruhrstadt, that is, Misto Ruhr. In fact, there is only one place where Duisburg is the back gate, Dortmund is the gateway, Essen is the "capital", and Dusseldorf is the main "safe".

In an hour, Ruru's prominence, as there were thousands of enterprises, became aware of significant reconstruction. U 50- b0-i pp. The Ruhr is not a classic depressive area. But in our days of seeing it to the center of the bulo category, it would be wrong. The Russian region has a great ecological program. The Rhine, which not so long ago was called the stichny ditch of Europe, became pure, the riba appeared in a new way.

Lancashire, Yorkshire, Western Midland, Pivdenny Wales near Great Britain, Pivnichny District, Elsas and Lorraine near France, Saarland, which are often called East-Malim Ruhr, Czech ... Some of them are categorized as depressed.

Vіdstalі agrarian districts.

In the foreign countries of Europe, it was not too much to reach all over the country, all over the agrarian regions. Yaskraviy butt of this kind - Pivden of Italy, which borrows 40% of the territory of the country, concentrating on 35% of the population and only 18% of those occupied in the industry. The per capita rate of the population here is two times lower than in Pivnoch. The idea of a different kind of war through the general agrarian overpopulation from Pivdnya emigruvalos 5 million Cholovik.

Power to carry out regional policy, direct on the second day of the Day. Vona led the great metallurgical, naphtochemical combines, and other enterprises to build here. As a result, Pivden has already ceased to be a silskogospodar region. However, the combination may not be tied to a new territory, some of the stinks are sent to the family, and their products will be transported to both regions of the country and in the first country.

The attachments of the former agricultural districts of foreign Europe can serve: Zakhidna chastina France, central and western parts of Spain, Portugal and Greece. All the stinks of the rosette behind the borders of the "central axis". The problem for the first time in all districts is relevant for the Bagatyokh regions of Skhidnoy Europe.

The area of the new development.

For the long-established territory of foreign Europe, the regions and the new development in Zagalny are not characteristic. You can call them only the private part of Scandinavia. Ale vіdkrittya on the cob of the 60s rr. a large oil-and-gas basin in the water area of the Pivnichnaya Sea has changed the situation.

Until the ear of the 90s, pp. on the whole "golden day" 250 genera of naphtha and natural gas have been revealed. In addition, in the Netherlands, not far from the Uzbek coast, there is one of the most gas genera in the world. The area of the Pivnichnaya Sea satisfies 1/3 of the consumption of foreign Europe in oil and 2/3 of the consumption of natural gas. The sea is literally "stuffed" with drilling platforms, along the bottom of it there are thousands of kilometers of pipelines. Ale in the connection with the tsim vinikє chimala is an ecological threat, which doesn’t seem to be about ribalism, which is already an unjustified shkodi.

Infusion of international economic integration into the territorial structure of the state.

Until the number of friendly changes for the development of international economic integration in the region, the territorial proximity, the development of the territory, a high level of social and economic development, good transport For an hour, the snuvannya ЄC all the same has called for the development of the territorial structures of the government of the provinces, especially in the boundaries of the "central axis" development. Formation of neighboring integrated regions is being seen: between FRN and France, between France and Belgium, France and Italy and others.

Malunok 1. Subregion of Foreign Europe.

Table 2. How to roll and export the acts of the land of Foreign Europe.

Land	Industrial production and export
Shvetsia	Automobiles, letters, sea vessels, protection, possession for wood and cellulose-paper industry, papyr, cellulose, zaliznu ore, Medicines, products of tvarinnitstva.
Finland	Pilomaterials, papyr, cellulose, possession for timber and woodworking industries, sea vessels, dairy products.
Great Britain	Machines and possessions, cars, cars, tractors, planting, naphtha, chemistry, textiles, virobi light industry.
France	Automobiles, litas, sea vessels, planting, possession for AES, black metal, aluminum, textile, odyag, perfumery, wheat, dairy and meat products, sugar, wine.
FRN	Automobiles, by the way, are the industry of possession, the virobi of electrical engineering and electronics, revitalization, chemistry, the virobi of light industry.
Spain	Automobiles, sea vessels, electrical equipment, chemistry, metal ores, light industry, citrus fruits, olive oil, wine.
ITALY	Automobiles, sea vessels, electrical equipment, heating, household appliances, refrigerators, industrial and office machines, textiles and sewing machines, swollen vegetables, fruits, citrus fruits, wine.
Polscha	Cars that possession, sea vessels, Kam'yane vugillya, Мідь, сірку, medicines, textile virobi, products of the Silsky state dignity.
Bulgaria	Virobi of electrical engineering and electronics, pediatric transport, agricultural machinery, color metal, sewing and tyutyunov virobi, canned food, wine, horn oil.

CHARACTERISTIC FRN

Geographic location, ZAGALNYY LOVE

Territory - 356.9 yew. Km 2. Population - 81.6 million Chol. (1995). The capital is Berlin.

FRN - power in Central Europe... Vono between the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, Austria, Czech. I am flattered, Danin.

In the development of the country, an important role was played by the peculiarities of the EGP: the mission of finding the country in the center of Europe in the economically highly ranked states, on the crossings of the great transport routes, in the direction of the situation.

In the daily cordons of the Nimechchina, two states - the FRN and the NDR, went to the FRN warehouse and 5 lands of the NDR and Skhidny Berlin went to the FRN warehouse. As a result, the territory of the country has grown by 43%, and its population - by 27%.

FRN - parliamentary republic. For the territorial-political I will arrange - a federation, which will be stored from 16 lands.

Vikonavcha vlada in the country bears the federal order, the president of the vicon is in the main representative function.

NATURE UMOVI І RESOURCES.

Natural minds of the land of development. The top will move in the main from pivnochі for pivday. Behind the nature of the relfu in nіy see 4 main elements: Pivnіchno-nіmetskіy lower lands, Serednyo-gory (Black Forest, Swabian Alb, Franconian Alb, Reinisk Slate Mountains). Bavarian Plane and Alpi. Icy and marine transgression has been embedded on the land of the land.

In the middle of the lands of foreign Europe, the FRN is seen as reserves of vugilla (1st month) - mainly in the Rursky, Saarsky, Aachensky basins.

To deliver a great variety of natural gas to be found at the pivnochi FRN.

Stocks of gold ore є, ale, the quality is low. On the Pivnochі Nіmetskoy lower course there are significant loads of Kam'yanaya salt. Є reserves of calcium and magnesium salts.

Climate transition from sea to continental, friendly for the living of the population and the gift of the state.

Great gospodarske meanings of the rivers: Rhine, Ems, Weser, Elba, Danube.

Nearly 30% of the territory is included in the foils, ale tse - second foils, the first foils in the land were practically not spared.

POPULATION.

For the number of the population of the FRN, there is a Persha Mistse in Zakhidniy Europe. For the land is characterized by a decrease in the population of the population and the natural growth of the population (especially in skidnyh lands). Rates of population and mortality rate (close to 1%), but the number of the population is growing for the increase in the influx of immigrants from the European Union of Europe, Asia (Turechchini).

Average proficiency - 227 chol. / Km 2.

Malyunok 2. State-of-the-item status of the FRN.
(For a better image, press on the little ones)

What matters is the large number of inhabitants - nimtsi, immigrants to the hour of the arrival of the land nad 5 million people, and their number is growing.

Religiya is important - Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism); the list of extensions to Islam.

Rivne urbanization - 87%.

GOVERNMENT

FRN - one s best rozvinenikh lands light. Only the United States and Japan are willing to do the same for the entire GDP and industrial production.

The role of the FRN in MGRT is the beginning of the industry, specializing in the release of high-quality products.

On the Galuzev and the territorial structure of the government, the FRN made a strong inflow for forty years of development of the FRN and the NDR. Territorial disproportions, which are even greater in the country: the land in 1994 yielded close to 4% of industrial products, hoping that close to 20% of the population of the FRN live in them.

In general, in the structure of industry, the arches of the upper part of the part of large galuzei (more than 90%), part of the sporting shoe galuze speed up, part of the scientific development.

Energy. FRN more than 1/2 of their needs will be taken care of for imports (oil, gas, vugilya). The main role in the firing base is to use naphtha and gas, and a part of the vugilla becomes close to 30%. The structure of electrical energy distribution: 64% - at the TES, 4% - at the hydroelectric power station, 32% - at the AES. TES on the outskirts of production in the Ruhr and Saarsk basins, in the port areas, on natural gas - at the Nimechchini pots, on fuel oil - in the centers of the oil refinery, in the TES - on the fast-burning. AES is prompted behind the boundaries of the vugilny basins. The HES is mainly practiced in the private lands (in the girskih rivers).

Chorna metallurgy- one of the most important halls of the specialization of Nimechchin, but in this hour to be in a crisis. Main backwaters in the Ruhr and Lower Rhine; є also in Saar and in the skid lands of Nimechchin. Recycling and rolling enterprises are being re-rolled throughout the whole country.

Kolorova metallurgy- pratsyuє mainly on import and second syrovin. For hot melts with aluminum FRN in foreign Europe, only Norway is accepted. The main backwaters are in the land of Pivnichny Rhine-Westphalia, in Gamburz and Bavaria.

Machinery and metal processing- the specialization of the FRN in the MGRT, on which it falls to 1/2 of industrial products and exports. Nybilshi center: Munich, Nuremberg. Mannheim, Berlin, Leipzig, Hamburg. At the electrotechnical hallway of Bavaria. Highly advanced automotive, sea-going shipbuilding, optical-mechanical, aerospace industry.

Chemistry presented, first for everything, by the production of fine organic synthesis, vyrobnitstvom just too. Khimichna galuz is especially rooted in the back lands (concerns BASF, "Hirst"), at the descent - it appeared in the country of crisis.

Silske Gospodarstvo- vikoristovuє close to 50% of the territory; the introduction of halus in the country's GDP - 1%, more than 60% of all products are given a breeding of the great horny thinness and pigs. The main grain crops are wheat, rye, oats, barley. Grain FRN will give myself a chance. Wiggling also cartoons, beetroot; along the valleys of the Rhine and its tributary - viticulture, gardening, tyutyunnitstvo.

Transport. According to the density of transport nobles, the FRN borrowed one of the first places in the world; the basis of the transport network is to form the roads. In total vantage, the main role is to supervise motor transport (60%), indoor transport (20%), internal water transport (15%) and pipeline transport. The great significance of the new sea transport is great, as it plays the main role in the new calls of the country.

non-viral sphere is represented in the FRN, as in the postindustrial land, by a wide range of different types of activity: education, health protection, management, finance. The number of the 50 largest banks in the world includes all the nimetsky ones. Frankfurt-am-Main is the fast-growing financial center of Nimechchini.

ZOVNISHNOEKONOMICHNI VIDNOSINI.

For the general round-up of the foreign trade of the FRN, we will visit another place in the light of the USA. The main trade partners of the FRN are the countries of the EU, and in the next hour the markets of the territories of Eastern Europe and Russia will be mastered.
- Lithosphere - kam'yana obolonka earth 5 class
Basic understanding: Western European (Pivnichno-American) type of transport system, port and industrial complex, "winter development", capital region, industrial belt, "pomilkov urbanization", latifundia, shipstations, "megalopolis", "technology colonial type of Galuse structure, monoculture, apartheid, subregion.

Navichki and vminnya: in assessing the flow of EGP and PGP, the history of settlement and development, the particularity of the population and labor resources in the region, the country for the Galuzev and the territorial structure of government, the level of economic development, the role in the regional government; to start problems and predict the prospects for the development of the region, the country; vid_lyaty specific, vis-à-vis the origin of the land and give an explanation; I know about the details and the prominence in the population and the government of the provinces of the country and give it an explanation, store and analyze the schematic maps and cartographers.

Outside Europe, it takes 5 thousand kilometers to go from winter to weekday, and 3 thousand kilometers from the entrance to the train. The territory in the loan is 5, 4 million square kilometers, and the population becomes 520 million people.

General views about Foreign Europe

Foreign Europe is one of the midst of light civilization, and not important for light politics, economics and culture.

On the territory of the establishment of 40 sovereign powers, which are linked by themselves as historical past, humble cultural and political traditions.

If you talk about the economic and geographical position of the lands, then it is due to two main criteria. The lands of the foreign Europe are obviously close to one to one, the stench is either infiltrated from the natural boundaries, or there is only a slight increase between them, as it does not pour into the speed of transport links.

Another main criterion is the position of the majority of the countries, which are tied between themselves and the countries of the other continents by sea routes.

Such lands, such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, have been tied to the sea for hours.

Political picture of Foreign Europe

The political picture of foreign Europe has been significantly changed in three stretches of the 20th century.

The first and the other svytovі vіyni іnіwіvalіvіvali, and also in the end of the century there were significant changes, tied to the rule of the social-democratic parties.

As soon as I can arrange the powers on the whole territory, then in the foreign Europe, the republics, the united states, the monarchical and the federal ones.

Up to the 21st century of the winery Organization with security and sports - OBS, a warehouse of such performances by 56 countries (it also includes the United States, Canada and the territories of the SND).

Natural mind and resources

On the territory of the foreign Europe, there is no lily of brown copalins. Before the private part, carry ore and burnt cinnamon kopalini.

And hydroenergetic resources fall on the territory of the Alps, Dinarsky and Scandinavian mountains. Lisovye the statehood of development in Switzerland and Finland, for certain types of forest landscapes.

Population of Foreign Europe

The number of inhabitants of the central part of the world is growing more and more, in foreign Europe it is fixed to achieve a foldable demographic situation. The territory is in the fire of the Holy Labor Emigration, there are close to 20 million foreign workers.

It is important to note that there is a large number of countries in Europe and highly urbanized, the most indicators of urbanization are related to Belgium, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

The lands of Europe are brought to the European family, they are distributed among the main types of powers behind the national warehouse. The price of one nation (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Dania), one nation (Great Britain, France, Finland), two nations (Belgium) and a bagatonation (Switzerland).

The Lordship of Foreign Europe

Europe is borrowing a leading place in the state government for the size of the Silk and Industrial Vyrobniztva, for the development of tourism and the export of goods and services.

Great Britain, France, FRN and Italy are called the newest regions of the economic camp. They have the most developed complexes of small galuses, in all regions of the world, in those who are strongly developed one or two galuses.

Home characteristics of foreign Europe .............................................. ................................ 3

1. Territory, cordon, provision ........................................... ................................................ 3

2. Natural mind and resources ............................................ .................................................. .. 4

3. Population: building, migration, national warehouse, urbanization ................. 5

4. Gentleness: a place in the world, in view of the country ....................................... ..................... 7

5. Promise: head galuzy ............................................ ........................................... eight

6. Silske statehood: three main types .......................................... ...................................... eleven

7. Transport: main branches and universities .......................................... ..................................... 13

8. Science and finance: science and pre-parks and banking centers .................... 14

9. Outcomes and tourism: the main tourist region of the world ........................................ ................... fourteen

entry

Zarubizhna (according to the history of the SND) Europe has a loan of 5.1 million km 2 for a population of 500 million Cholovik (1995). Here, there are close to 40 sovereign powers that have been tied together with their own spirit of historical proportions, with their political, economic and cultural differences. Foreign Europe - one of the cities of the Holy Civilization, Batkivshchyna of the Great geographic views, Industrial revolutions, urban agglomerations, international economic integration. I wish, as you already know, the era of "Eurocentrism" has passed in the past, the whole region and in our days it is even more important in the world politics and economy.

Home characteristics of foreign Europe

1. Territory, cordon, position.

The territory of overseas Europe is to stretch from winter to winter (from Spitsbergen to Crete) by 5 thousand. Km, and at the entrance to the skid more than 3 yew. Km. In the midst of the European regions, it is big and mensh great, but in the greatness of its stench it is sometimes small.

The economic and geographical position of the regions of the overseas Europe is based on two head rice.

According to the Pershe, the suspicion of the ciches of the land is one to one. With altogether small dimensions of the territory, little "glybin" and garnished transport "passages" of the land, or even without a middle distance, or divided by small spaces. Until then, it’s important to pass through such natural boundaries, as you don’t have significant crossovers for transport links.

On the other hand, it is a seaside camp of the most important lands, a lot of rosters close to the most important sea nobles. Near the western part of the region there is a mismatch, in the distance from the sea, more by 480 km, in the mainland - by 600 km. All the life of Great Britain, Netherlands, Dania, Norway, Iceland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece for a long time has been closely tied to the sea, "daughter of the sea" - so you can tell about the skin from them.

political card region stretching the XX century. I became aware of the great changes of the three: the first and the other warriors of the the rest of the rock(Ob'nannya Nimechchini, pribannya nezalezhnosti by the countries of the Baltic, the fall of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, the change of the suspicious fret in the lands of Europe).

In the foreign Europe, there are represented both republics, monarchies, united states, and federal powers.

2. Natural mind and resources.

Natural rethinks for the industry of overseas Europe went down with a great influx of redistribution of red copalins. However, its warehouse in private (platform) and private (warehouse) parts of the region is growing rapidly.

At the private part of the widening, like the ore coryns, they are tied with the Baltic shield and the zone of Hercynian folding, as well as the fires, "tied" the persh for everything before the siege chokhl by the platforms and the edge of the edge.

Among the Kamyanovugilny basins, one can see Rurskiy in the FRN and Verkhnyo-Silezkiy in Poland, in the middle of the naphtha-gas-bearing ones - Sєvєromorskiy, in the middle of the gold-bearing ones - Lotarinskiy at Franz and Kiruna in Switzerland.

At the paved part of the ore genera It is magmatic, as well as siege (bauxite) prowess, but the reserves of burning resources here are significantly less. Such a tectonic Budovian territory of a significant world explains the "incompleteness" of the set of brown copalins in the suburbs.

Hydroenergetic resources of the overseas Europe and reach the great, but fall in the main in the regions of the Alps, Scandinavian and Dinaric mountains.

Natural rethinks for the Silskoy state dignity, the region is very friendly and widely victorious at the same time stretching out the table. As a result, the reserves for the expansion of the crumbled lands are practically already wintered, and the "nurturing" on them is growing. That is why the seaside lands are small, and the first for all the Netherlands, they continue to advance on the coast of the sea.

In the Netherlands, there is a stretch of bagatooh storich behind the additional dams and rowing of the sea is doubled to 1/3 of the entire territory of the country.

It is not for nothing that there is an order: "God opened the earth, and the Dutch - Holland." The draining of Lake Eisselmer, which was previously a sea trough, is completed, and the so-called "Delta-Plan" is going to be transferred to the Uzbeks.

Agroclimatic resources in the region are located in the subtropical zones, and in the subtropical zones. At Seredzemnomor'i stiyke, farming requires piece grain farming. Most of the cultivated lands in Italy and Spain.

The greatest natural changes for the implementation of the forest government may be in Sweden and Finland, de-crossing types of forest landscapes: the foxes curl the lower and upper reaches, the shores of the rivals and lakes, go to the settlements. It’s not for nothing that the people seem to say: "Finland is without a fox, that is, without wool."

Foreign Europe is also great and versatile natural and recreational resources.

3. Population: building, migration, national warehouse, urbanization.

By the same hour, the population of the foreign Europe became even more common. As you already know, it’s worth explaining, that a foldable demographic situation is characteristic of the development of the population of the region. The people of the country are going to see a natural decline in the population. One hour change and change the warehouse of the population, the growing part of people of the kidnapped age.

All this has called to the development of a small part of the region in the light systems of the new migration of the population. Kolishnya in an hour of the Great Geographical Indications is the head of the middle emigration, the foreign Europe was transformed into the head of the world in the fire of labor emigration. Now there are 12-13 million foreign workers here, which means that some of them are not hulks, but temporary guests-robots (in the name of "guest workers").

Behind the national warehouse, the population of the foreign Europe is very similar: it is important that the majority of the 62 peoples in the region are referred to the Indian community. With a lot of controversy, the words of the word, the romance, the name of the group may have significant values. Those are the domineering and movam of the Ural family. Protect the ethnical map of the region, which was laid out over a thousand years, is not so simple. The order of the mono-national, here there are few powers with a folding national warehouse, in which the remaining hour is spared the warning of international warnings; with a butt of this kind you can serve Yugoslavia.

In all lands of the foreign Europe, the religion is Christianity. In Pivdenniy Europe, Catholicism is rapidly transcending, in Pivnichniy - Protestantism; and in the middle stench there are in the middle spines. Rome has the center of Catholicism - the Vatican.

Foreign Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world. With a great displacement of the population in a new one, a geographer will start working on it. The level of urbanization is one of those who find it in the world: in the middle, 73% live in localities, and in some regions more than 80% and 90% of the entire population. There is a large number of places in the thousands, and the hedge is even thicker. Proceedingly, stretching a thousand years, it was a Western European type of place, the roots of which lasted until the hours of the Roman Empire and the middle.

Rice is characteristic of the urbanization of foreign Europe ~ even more than the concentration of the population in the great places and small agglomerations, which are more here, not in the USA and Japan at once. Most of them are Londonska, Parizka and Reinsko-Rurska. U 70-i pp. due to the period of rapid growth of the places and agglomerations, there are growing populations from their centers (nuclei) from a number in the close and distant places, and at the same time, to a greater extent there are other "places" As a result, the number of people living in the central regions of London, Paris, Hamburg, Vidnya, Milana and other places has become more or less stable, or it has begun to feel fast. I will name the whole process in nautsi suburbanization.

It is clear from the forecasts of the level of urbanization in the region until the end of the XX century. can reach up to 85%.

4. Gentleness: a place in the world, in view of the world.

Zrozumilo, as an economical motz region in Persha Chergu vznachayut chotiri of the land, to enter into the "great family" of the land of entry - FRN, France, Great Britain and Italy. The country itself is the best with a wide range of summer galuzei and virobnits. Aleksandr spіvvіdnoshennya forces between them for the remainder of ten years of change. The role of the leader passed to the FRN, the economy of which on the roads of reindustrialization develops more dynamically. Great Britain, the “master of the world”, has lost a lot of its own number of positions.

The most economical countries are Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Switzerland. On the vidminu of chotirhoh of the leading lands, the economy is special to go ahead on the outskirts, which won, as a rule, the European or the worlds of knowledge. Small and middle lands are especially widely drawn in the modern economy. Most of the highest level of economic acceptance in Belgium and Netherlands.

5. Promise: head galusies.

"Discovered" of foreign Europe in the international geographic subdivision of the past 200 years since the beginning, which now has a lot to begin with the development of industry.

The region has more metal-working verstats, industrial robots, precise and optical attachments, automobiles, tractors, naphtha products, plastics, chemical fibers, not in the USA.

Mashinostroyenie- provid the galuz of the industry of the foreign Europe, yak є yogo Batkivshchyna. 1/3 of all industrial products fall to the region and 2/3 of the export.

Machine-building, which is focused on labor resources, science base and infrastructure, the most difficult to great places and agglomerations, including the capital. But at the same time for the skin with the number of galleys, the machine itself has its own type of specialty organization.

The UK has a development of electrical engineering, electronics, an economy, aerospace industry, a district of London, a development of verstatobuduvannya and automotive - the Birmingham area, a textile machinery - a district of Mangoduvannya

One of the largest industrial universities in foreign Europe is the capital of the Ugorsk region, Budapest. Here, more than 1/3 of all industrial products of the country can be used.

Ale є і such districts and іnіt tіlі lands, in which machines the buzzing is even more rosy. At the FRN, Belgium, Netherlands, Great Britain, Czech enterprises, there are galusa centers in the skin.

Chemistry in foreign Europe is borrowing another place for machinery. It is especially important to refer to the very "chemistry" of the country not only to the region, but to the whole world - FRN.

Until other times, it’s a chemical industry that was organized as the head rank on the Kamyan and the storm of the vugilla, hot and salty cooking, permeates and grows in the regions of the vidbutku. The reorientation of the galuzy on the carbohydrate syruvina called for it before it was destroyed "to naphtha." In the western part of the region, the destruction of the know-it-all viraz persh for everything in the history of the great centers of naphtha in the estuaries of the Thames, Seni, Rhine, Elbi, Roni, de tsya galuz will go to the naftopererobka.

In the gated part of the region, the destruction "to oil" is grafted to the stem of the refinery and naphtha-chemical complexes on the routes of the main naphtha and gas pipelines.

Heads of naphtha-refining and naphtha-chemical enterprises of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ugorshchyna Buli were encouraged to take the route of the international oil pipeline "Druzhba" and gas pipelines that supply naphtha and natural gas. In Bulgaria, the reasons for naphtochimia are "destroyed" to the Uzbek coast of the Black Sea.

From the fire and energy government of the large lands of the foreign countries of Europe, they have borrowed naphtha and natural gas for a long time. The video clip and living in the UK, FRN, France, Netherlands have quickly passed. In the generalized part of the region, there is a lot of growth for the future, moreover, there is no style for stone (Poland, Czechia), but for a storm. Mabut, in all the light of the dumb region, de bure vugilla grav bi has such a great role in the fire and energy balance.

Naybilshi in the foreign European drilling pools are located in Poland (Belhatuv), Czech (Pivnichno-Chesky) and Nimechchiny (Nizhnyo-Lauzitsky, Halle-Leiptsyzky).

There is a great deal of TEC on the Vugilny Basin. The stench is also prompted in the seaports (on private landings) and in the great places. More and more influx into the structure and geography of power engineering - especially in France, Belgium, FRN, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ugorshchina, Bulgaria - we have added AES, which in the region are already more than 80 (div. Malyunok 51). On the Danube and on its tributaries, on the Rony, Rhine, Duero, there is a HES or a whole cascade.

Most of the hydraulic units on the Danube, prompting on the cob of the 70s. in the gorge of the Zalizni gate with the spilny zusillas of Rumunia and Yugoslavia. Hydroelectric power station demand - 2.1 mln. KW, electric power supply - 11 bln. KW per year.

The metallurgical industry of foreign Europe was basically formed before the ear of the scientific and technological revolution. Chorna metallurgy took away the development of the first for everything in the lands, as well as with metallurgical firing and (abo) syruvina, - FRN, Great Britain, France, Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Poland, Czech Republic.

The Polish metallurgical base was formed on the basis of the Verkhnyo-Silezkiy kam'yanovugilny basin. Before the її warehouse, there are close to two dozen factories, and in this number two are two great combinates - "Huta-Krakiv" and "Katowice".

The idea of other new developments in the great metallurgical combinatizations was prompted by the expansion in seaports for the import of more high-quality and cheap gold ore and metal rubbish.

The most and the most successful of the combinats, which are equipped in seaports, are located in Taranto (Italy). Yogo toughness - 10 million tons of steel in rіk.

For an hour, it will not be great combinates, but small backwaters.

Nayvazhlivіshі galuzі color metallurgy - aluminіvіvі and popular industry. Vyrobnitstvo alumіnіyu vinyklo yak in the provinces, as well as reserves of bauxite (France, Italy, Ugorshchina, Rumunіya, Grecia), so in the provinces, de nemeє alumіnіvіyu siroviny, ale vyroblyatsya. For an hour, the alumininivi backwaters will increasingly go to the Syrovin, to come from the lands, and to develop by sea route.

Mіdna industry has withdrawn the greatest development from FRN, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Yugoslavia.

Lisovian promiscuity, which focuses on dzherela sirovini, has been transformed into a galuz of the international specialization of Sweden and Finland, which has long since established the head "Lisovy workshop" of the region.

It is an easy prodigy, because, as you already know, the industrialization of foreign Europe has been repaired, it has lost its significance with a significant world. Quite old textile districts, which were formed on the occasion of the industrial revolution (Lancashire and Yorkshire in Great Britain, Flanders in Belgium, Lyonsky in France, Milansky in Italy), as well as Vinik in the 19th century. Odzkiy region Poland is in our days. In an hour, it’s easy to make a promise to make it to Holy Europe, so make sure to reserve cheap working power. Thus, Portugal has transformed itself not into the head "garment factory" of the region. And italia s virobnitstva does not act only in the United States.

In the Bagate region, there is also a wealth of national traditions in furniture, music instruments, music from skla, metal, embellishment, igrashok, etc.

6. Silske Gospodarstvo: Three Basic Tipi.

For the main types of agricultural products, a large number of countries will increase their consumption and supply in the first place on the foreign markets. In the agrarian mode, in the agrarian system of land ownership and land development, significant changes have been introduced, due to the transition from the universal state of the state to the great special gifts The main type of silskogospodarskogo enterprise has become a large, highly mechanized farm. Ale in Pivdenniy Europe is still rearing for land farming and other land farming for peasants-rent.

For the pivnіchno-European type, expanded in Scandinavia, Finland, as well as in Great Britain, the transfer of intensive dairy production is characteristic, and in the service industry - fodder crops and silver cakes. The middle European type is adapted to the breeding of dairy and milk-meat directly, as well as pigs and poultry.

Much more than the highest level has reached the level of creation in Denmark, it has long become a galuzzi of international specialization. Tsia kraina is one of the most popular in the world of virobniks and exporters of olia, milk, sir, pork, eggs. It’s not for nothing that I’m not so harshly calling the “dairy farm” Europe.

Roslinnytsvo is not deprived of satisfying basic consumption of the population in food, but th "pratsyuk" for food. Significantly, and in some part of the forest land is occupied by fodder crops.

For the pivdenno-European type, it is characteristic of the importance of the development of growth, while the creation of a different role. If I want to use the grain culture, the international specialization of the European Union, it should start in front of a variety of fruits, citrus fruits, grapes (which have found time to serve as a symbol of bitterness, olives). Uzberezhzhya of the Seredzemny Sea is the head "garden of Europe".

Ribalism has long become a galuzzi of international specialization in Norway, Denmark and especially in Iceland.

7. Transport: main main lines and universities.

The regional transport system of the region is introduced in the main Western European type. For the distance, the transportation of the won on the basis of the price is transferred to the systems of the United States and Russia. Then, due to the safety of the transport, the cost is far ahead, occupying the first place in the world. Douzhe visok і the density of the roach, the role of international and transit transportation is great. Altogether, not very large cities stimulated the development of automobile transport, which now plays a leading role in the transportation of not only passengers, but also vantages. Merezha zaliznytsya in large lands will speed up, and great new buildings in the 50s and 70s. boules are typical only for the doers of the territories of Western Europe (Poland, Yugoslavia, Albania).

The configuration of the transport network for the region is much more flexible. Alle the main frame, the main lines of latitudinal and meridional straight lines, which may be internationally significant, are set up.

River paths are also meridional (Rhine) or latitude (Danube) straight. The Rhine has a particularly large transport network, which transports 250 - 300 million tons of vantages to the river. When the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway was put into operation, which was the cause of the offense of the new water arteries of the foreign Europe, the fault is guilty of maturity.

There are great transport universities in the land and internal water routes. On the day, such universities are at sea ports, where service providers can be provided in advance of international transportation. Bagato ports (London, Hamburg, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Le Havre) are located in the girly-estuaries of the rik, which will knit them in the gleaming districts. All the stench was actually re-made in one port-industrial complex. For them, the characteristic development of the galuzei of the maritime state, especially the so-called "port industry", is good for the privilege of the overseas syrovin. The largest of them is Rotterdam.

Vantazoobig of the Rotterdam port to become 250 - 300 million tons per river. Rosetting on one of the branches of the Rhine, 33 km from the sea, in the viconu of the function of the head sea gates for the European regions. In the Glybinny regions, there are watered roads along the Rhine and the Moselle, overland and highway roads, Naftogaz-wires.

Transport hemispheres of the regions may have a radial (single-center) configuration, like with France, de “all roads lead to Paris,” or with many centers, like, for example, with FRN.

8. Science and finance: science and history parks and banking centers.

Behind the butt of the "Silikonovo Valley" in the United States, in foreign Europe, there is also a wealth of scientific and pre-historic parks, as well as the geography of science in a number of countries. Most of them are located in the outskirts of Cambridge (Great Britain), Munich (FRN). In France, in the Nice region, the so-called "Valley of High Technology" is taking shape.

Foreign Europe has 60 of the 200 most popular banks. Switzerland has long become the benchmark of the country-banking:

in the safes of the її banks lie half of all valuable papierіv svіtu. Especially seen is the "economic capital" of the land - Tsurich. I will stay for an hour in the land of the banker, having reworked and Luxembourg. And yet London is still the largest financial center of the boulevard.

9. Vidpochinok and tourism: the main tourist region of the world.

As you already know, Europe is the leading region of international tourism. "Record holder of the world" for tourism - France, as well as 50 million Choloviks; tse means, that on a skin Frenchman there is a fit, approximately one every other earthly person! Until the number of the most popular tourist regions, there are also Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Ugorschina, Portugal, Greece. And in such microdisciplines, such as Andorra, San Marino, Monaco, the service of tourists has long been the main source of income. Here, one hundred tourists fall on a skin resident.

Among the foreign Europe, most tourists are widely represented - Korekreatsionnye regions and two types - Primorski and Girski.

The head district of the seaside tourism is Seredzemnomor'ya, which is usually seen from 100 to 150 million Cholovik. Especially popular are the Uzbeks of the Lagurian Sea, where there are snatches from the Alps of the Cote d'Azur (Riv'era) with the center in Nice, the Uzbek coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia, the Uzbeks of Spain, the Balearic Islands.

The head district of Girskiy tourism - Alpi. The lower belt of gir vikoristovuyetsya the leading rank for likuvannya and pishokhid tourism, middle - for busy hirskolizhny sports, upper - for mountaineering.

The order of the countries, "how to sell their own klimat", tourists and those who like to welcome "old stones of Europe" - memorials of the її places. Paris, Rome, Madrid (Div. Malyunok 55), de in lime - crescent of the inhabitants of the city, melodiously, less, less priyzhzhi became a kind of "tourist Mecca". There are also no tourists in London, Amsterdam, Western, Dresden, Praz, Budapest, Venice, Naples, Afin.

10. Protection of the navkolishny midst and ecological problems: podolannya contamination.

As a result of the high population density, long-standing industrial and agricultural development of the territory

the natural center of the foreign Europe in the best world has become the geographic center of the human suspension. All kinds of anthropogenic landscapes are widened here. Ale, overnight, the tse summoned up to the aggravation of the problems of nature protection and ecology.

All regions of the region should pursue a state-owned environmental policy and take all the more important steps in from guarding the midst. Seeing suvors of nature protection laws, the recognition of mass community organizations and the party of "greens", propaganda of victorious bicycles is being conducted, the border of national parks and other territories, which are protected, has been expanded.

In the 80s, pp. In Poland, there are 27 areas of growing environmental protection, in some bags 35% of the population of the country. An old place of Krakiv, which is the largest metallurgical combine in Poland, which has been denuded by the ecology daredevil.

In general, the ecological situation in the remote part of the foreign Europe is meaningfully better, but not in the past.