Mіnі occasionally wandered a part of Europe. Abstract: Lands of Western Europe
Zakhidna Europe borrows an area of 1422.8 yew. Km2, to become 16.6% of the entire territory of Europe. Prior to the warehouse, the region includes eleven lands. Three of them (Nimechchina, France, Great Britain) are accepted up to seven most rozvinenikh lands light.
The greatest number of countries (Austria, Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland) are the least developed countries, and Monaco and Liechtenstein will be included in the rank of "dwarf" powers.
In general, the region is characterized by a high level of development of the economy, significant incomes of the population and, for example, a high level of living of the population in the world.
An important feature of the geographical development of Western Europe is the wide access of the developed powers to the Svitovoe Ocean, sea shlikhiv, The conquest of overseas territories and the establishment of such strained colonial powers, such as Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium.
The given development in the midst of metropolises and fallow ones from them is even more foldable, in large numbers in Zagarbnytsia, in general, with the help of the international tradition of pratsi, the formulation of the new systemic, socialist rulership.
Інші countries - Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg - I would like not to miss the direct access to the sea, but, rather, corny with internal waterways, a dense hedge of modern state automobile and winter roads, add space to the confines of the road. Transitional and early transitional areas of the region, the city of Nimechchini, Austria, Switzerland, between
By pouring into the ocean, it is especially visible to the government's activity of the western coastal territories, as well as to the Great Britain. Bagatos of sea ports have become urbanized centers - London, Liverpool, Rotterdam, Hamburg and others. To such centers, the internal transport system is heavy, as well as the state's gifts, shipbuilding winterization, and refurbishment of special services. At the same time, there is no sign of the centrifugal significance of the capital cities and regional centers, which have been formulated as significant political, economic and cultural centers, seen from the sea, ale.
Ekonomiko - geographic assessment of natural minds and resources. Going back to Europe to reach a compact territory, behind the blame of the British Isles, which are far away to the west, heading into the oceanic expanse of the Atlantic. Also the specific position of the injection on climatic mind region. On the British Isles, the climate is typical of the sea, the small ones can fall over 1500 mm., And the small amplitude of the temperature is insignificant (the winter is usually frost-free, but it’s colder in summer), then for the continental part of the sea povitryan mas when їkh moved to the depth of the continent. For example, at the extreme entry of the Netherlands, the amount of felling should be 700-800 mm. with a maximum charge, especially near the board, with the average temperatures of the coldest month from +1 to -1 ° C. Average temperature It is very negative everywhere (-2 ...- 3 ° C), and the average temperature of lime trees is + 20 ° C with the average number of fallen trees is close to 500 mm. cultures. Let's follow the regularity of the climate of the climate to be characterized by the middle and small-scale development of the region. True, the meaning here is not only important geographic development, And th character is relєfu. Yakshho pivnichnu part of the Western Europe loan skidny straight In a step-by-step continental character, the new part is occupied by the flatlands and mountains of the Alps, the clade of those in the wilderness of the mountains of the mountains, the manifestation of closed areas and sides, we can be even more flexible. With the butt of a soft і warm climate with a continental іdtіnkom can be the Verkhnyo-Reynska Rivnina, which is even more friendly for the development of farming. With the help of the unique climate of the civilian territories, there can be butts of the Swiss, Austria, who were victorious for the development of climatic resorts and for the development of the civilian resorts.
As a whole, the territory of Western Europe has been roasted in the zone of the peaceful climate. As far as the whole mainland part, the whole of the Alpine regions and the higher cold of the middle-sea Uzbek coast of France, as well as the winter of Great Britain, a small sum of active temperatures from 2200 ° to 4000 °, is possible, so there is a possibility of growing vegetation in the main oats, tsukrovі beetroots, dormouse, corn, etc. For the Scottish Highlands, Ireland and the highlands in the continental part, the sum of active temperatures is even less - from 1000 ° to 2200 °, here cultivate cultures with a short growing season. If the vuzka smuga of the Middle Sea Uzbek of France is placed up to the subtropical climate with the sum of active temperatures from 4000 ° to 6000 °. That is why there are also warmth-loving cultures, like citrus fruits, olives, grapes and ...
Zakhidniy Europe has a lot of winters with medium-brown temperatures, it drops slightly below zero (behind the vynatka of the Girsk regions and the northern cordons of Nimechchin). Lito is not spectacular, but the average temperature of the lime tree rises from +16 to +24 ° С.
Zakhidna Europe is characterized by high permits, especially її zakhidna part. Silskogospodarsky lands of Great Britain, coastal lands of France, Netherlands and Nimechchini require draining, especially on clayey soils, poorly letting through the atmospheric vologue. Girski massivi region, the entire Alpi, streaming Atlantic masses, condensed number of vologues - from 1500 to 3000 mm. fell in rik. Alps can clearly vary the zonality (clarity) - from a warm climate to a cold climate in a strict high-ceilinged climate of the upper part of the mountain. For the gospodarist goals of the city, actively vikoristovuyutsya up to the height of 1500_2000 r
The soils of the wicked Europe are no less rosy, a little less prone to the high level of agricultural technology; So yes, the power of the roving lands of Western Europe should be trimmed down even more than the higher crops of the main agricultural cultures.
A great part of the territory of Western Europe has long been mastered by people, cultivation, deprived of Great Britain's pivnichi and in the Alps, little wild nature has been saved. There is a fox. Only one part of the territory of the region is covered with foils. The most popular are the Hirsk regions and continental Europe (30%), the least - the British Isles (in Ireland - less than 3%).
Lands of Zakhidnoy Europe and grow a thick river system. Less than all rivers are on the water, most of them are in the lower and middle course of the ship-floating. Transport meaning rіk will accommodate the obvious laying of channels. For the vast resources of the river flow per capita of the population, the region is in a very high place in the world. Ireland is located in the first place in the middle of the region - 13.7 yew. M3, on the other - Austria - 7.70, on the third - Switzerland - 7.28. mid great lands obsyag water resources to become a river flow per capita: for France - 4.57 for Great Britain - 2.73 yew. m3, and for Nimechchina - even less.
Significant concentration of water resources is located in the Alps - on the high-mountain ice dwellers. The stench occupies 3,200 km2 of land, and reserves of 3,500 km3 of water may be.
To the lands, unprepared for water resources, they bring Great Britain and France.
Girski rivers of the Wandering region may have more hydroenergy resources: France - 80 billion kW per year. / Rik, Austria - 44 and Switzerland - 39 kW per year. / Рік. On this part of the attack, one-fourth of Europe's reserves of hydroenergy may fall.
In the geological area of the region, like and all of Europe, it is vivified to do good. The middle of the brown kopalins is more important than the state's significance, vugilla, zalizna ore, naphtha.
Kam'yans vugillya zalyagak mayzhe near all regions of the region, and the largest reserves are seen in the Rurian (Rhine-Westphalian) basin, the ancestors of the Pivnichnoy France, Great Britain and Belgium. Bure vugilya, which is a good syruvina for chemical industry, roztashovane on the outskirts of the Alpine folding system (skidna Nimechchina).
The metallurgical resources of the western region of Europe are incomplete. Of the main ores of ferrous metals (zalizna, manganese, chromov), great reserves are seen without zalizna ore. The main ancestry is found in Great Britain, during the winter and old times of France and Luxembourg. True, the price of metal is remarkably low instead of metal: in France and Luxemburg - from 30 to 40%, in England and Nimechchin - from 20 to 35%.
Significant reserves of aluminum syruvin (bauxite) є from France, surmi and molybdenum - in Austria.
Europe has a lot to do with important views of chemistry sirovini - kaliynoi kitchen salt... The head of the family is located in Nimechchin.
The middle of the energy resources of the Crimean region and the water resources of the Volodya region with naphtha reserves, natural gas and uranium.
Naphtha is rich in the shelf of the Pivnichnaya Sea - especially that part of the UK. Like naphtha in the 70s, the boules brought up the great genera of natural gas, but more importantly in the shelf of Norway, which significantly changed the energy government not only from the central part of the country, but from the other regions of the macroregion.
Industrial uranium reserves will be deposited on the territory of France.
And all the same, unimportant on the deyak of polishing the fire-energy balance for the internal reserves, the main reason for the renewal of energy resources is to be lost to the country - export from the other regions of the world.
Population. The population of the region in the middle of 2000, Narahovuvala mayzhe 246 million Cholovik, with a warehouse of 37% foreign number Efforts of Europe, being 7.7 times more, less in Pivnichny Europe, and 47.2% more, less in Central Asia and 73.2% more, less in Pivdenniy Europe. After the chotiri five of the population of the region fell into three lands - Nimechchina, France, Great Britain.
Zakhidna Europe is set up to the most densely populated regions of the world. The average population density here is 173 people per 1 km2, which is 5 times more, less in Pivnichniy, 3.5 times less near Skhidniy, 1.7 times less than in Central Shidniy and 1.8 times less in Pivdenniy Europe. For the indicator of the middle class of the population of Netherlands, Belgium is one of the first five countries of the world. The top ten also includes Nimechchina and Great Britain. The most important area in the region is seen in the central and provincial parts of the region: Netherlands - 382 individuals / km2, Belgium - 330, England - 238, Nimechchina - 230 individuals / km2. Only the outskirts of Western Europe, the spring of the Scottish Hill, Western Ireland and the Alps, less populated.
Zakhidna Europe has long been proud to be one of the most urbanized districts earthly coo... There are three quarters of the population living in the localities, in Belgium, 97%, in Great Britain - about nine ten, in Nimechchin - more than 85%. At the ts_y part of Europe, a lot of mіst-mіljonerіv has been removed. There are many more great places (from 500 thousand. Up to 1 million inhabitants), a lot of middle and small places. Merezha mest in the region є thick in the light. Significant development in Western Europe was reached by the small agglomeration, especially from Great Britain, Nimechchin, France. In agglomerations, a large number of population is concentrated. More than 10 million live in London and Paris agglomerations, in Ruhr - 6 million.
The development of groups of the form of a rosette is a miscellaneous agglomeration. The greatest place is the Great Paris, one fifth of the population and more of the fifth part of the workmanship of France have been depleted. Rurska agglomeration can be reached at a distance of more than 100 km. with an average width of 20 km. It is home to 10 million Cholovik.
At the pace of population growth in Zakhidna Europe, it is significant that it is from the other regions, occupying the last place in the world. For example, in 1983-1993 the rate of growth became less than one dollar per month, and in the coming five rockets became negative, so for the countries, a whole indicator of change was developing 2 and 3.0%. The part of the region in the warehouses of the population is small - 4.3%.
The main reason for the decrease in the rate of population growth is the decline in the population. The table shows that the high-urbanized Nimechchina (9.0%), as well as Belgium (11.0%), are characterized by a low population. The number of children per woman is extremely low for cikhs and those of the most promising regions - the population of children per woman "(the coefficient of the total population of women), in 1995-2000, the number of children was 1.3 to 1.7, while the number of children was insignificant. In 2000, 5 children died in Western Europe. In those lands, which develop, this indicator will become 140 and more children (Zakhidna Sahara, S'єrra-Leone, Liberia).
In the region, the mortality rate of the population is not high. Vona stabilized at an indicator of 8-10 died per ric per 1000 individuals of the population. The out-of-the-box rate of natural growth (per 1000 population) has stabilized at an average of 1.0-3.5. The greatest priest in the middle of the lands of Western Europe (2000) is Mayut Niderlandi - 1.0, and the lowest Nimechchina, Luxembourg, France - 4.
A small part of old people grows near the structures of the population vikovyh groups... The average triviality of life in the region of the middle of the people is to become 72.4 rock, which is the most popular in Europe and 74.9 rock of the middle women, who are treated by the lives of only the women of the European Europe.
Labor resources will become more than 3/5 of the entire population of the region, I will not grow vicious. Shukati a good salary, the population of the city is often thought of as cheap work-life, and they borrow work - imgranties, which in the mid-90s rocky in the countries of Western Europe had 7 million. Most of them live in Nimechchina, Great Britain and France - for some five of all immigrants who work and live in the region. Smells come from among the countries of Europe (Spain, Italy, the colonies of Yugoslavia, Greece, Portugal), as well as from the countries of Africa, Eastern and Eastern Asia.
Mayzhe all the population of the region can be traced back to the great European race (biloy), as it is cleverly to go to the European European, or Baltic, and European, and the Middle Sea. The Pivne European race borrows the territory of the large lands of Western Europe. її characteristic signsє Evidently high growth, light color of hair and eyes, thick overgrowth on the face, the shape of the skull is pushed up.
Most of the people in the region speak Indian-European Movies, but they should belong to the following groups: Nimtsi, Nimtsi - Swiss, Austrian, Luxembourgish, Belgian Flemish, Scottish, Dutch
Another for the number of the Indo-European Moving Group of the Western Europe is the Romance, which was formulated on the basis of Latin Movies. Before the whole group there are French, French-Swiss, Walloon, Corsicans, Italian, Italian-Swiss, and Romanian.
Nimensh widened in the region є Celtic groups. Before her, the peoples who inhabit the British Isles are known: Ireland, Welsh, Geli and Bretons (France).
The main stages of the economic development of the regions of Western Europe. The economy of the land of Western Europe has gone through a trivial and easy way of development.
Virіshalniy inflow on the change of economic status of Bagatyokh European powers mali velikі geographic view XV-XVII centuries, Yaki gave an ear to the colonial conquests and subdivisions of overseas lands and European powers.
On the cob XVIII century. The Netherlands and England especially changed their economy. The trade with the countries brought great influences to them, and the agrarian revolutions accelerated the innovations Silskoy government.
In the end of the XVIII century. Especially the meaning of England has grown. vigidne geographic location, Great incomes from colonial trade, reforms in the Silskoy government took over the re-creation of agriculture in large-scale commodity production, and smut - an industrial coup d'etat spovna vicoristav ekonomiko - geography kam'yanogo wugillyaі gold ore It has become an important change in the mind for the establishment of the basic economy of the economy - an important industry.
The French Revolution of 1789 r became a change in the mind of a forged development of the economy of France, as well as of the other countries, which were rooted in England. Ale vіyna 1812 brought the French in the form of economic development and led to the consolidation of the English as a mighty state of the XIX century. Until the middle: a whole new capital, in fact, a new force has been opened - the British Empire.
In the 50-60s of the XIX century. the transition from handicrafts to machine technology is actively pursuing the education of centralized national powers. Writing Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871 Bulo completed registration of Nimechchini. The Crimean Prussia Bavaria, Saxony, Türlingia, Würtenberg, Baden and a few dozen small independent lands have gone to the warehouse.
V cob XIX Art. the territory of Belgium and Holland has been formulated.
At the border of the capital (end of the XIX-ear of XX), significant changes appeared in the structures of the statehood of the European regions. They gave the appearance of an electric strum, an internal combustion engine, etc. The contours of the main industrial districts at the entrance to Nimechchiny, Great Britain, France, and also the Beniluch land are also visible.
Before the First World War, Zakhidna Europe concentrated up to 60% of the international trade turnover and more than half of the export capital.
Ale not affectionate on the meaning of financial and economic destruction, the role of Europe is important, as it was trivial with a stretch of three tables, the bullet was consumed. Svitovy center of industrial and financial exertion in the end of the XIX-th of the XX century. having moved to the United States. Persha svitova, interim period and friend svitova viyni did not bring any special changes in the economies of Western European and other powers to the continent. navpaki, ostnya vіyna set a completely new policy and economic situation. On the territory of the region, a new republic of Ireland was established. Great Britain, France, Belgium actually lost their overseas colonies. Colonial empires have sprung up. Pislyavoannu Nimechchin was divided into two powers: FRN and NDR. In Europe, there is a growing virus of "cold war" between the henchmen of the Radian Union and the countries of the Organization of the Atlantic-Atlantic Treaty (NATO), to which number 12 powers have gone. There are five boules of the countries of Western Europe: England, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg.
Tsilkovito new situation goiters were tied to the land of the Western Europe and the economic union. In the process of establishing a single European economic space in the countries of the EU, a large-scale overdraft technology was taking place. One hour, the only system for the provision of social security to the population was in vain. On the basis of the large territory of the region in 1992 (in Maastricht - Netherlands), an agreement on the European Union (EU) was signed. For the most part, it was transferred to the economic and political organization of the states of the European countries, from the foreign governing bodies, the single financial system and a pittance one, in order to reduce the size of the state of the economy.
municipal zagalnoosvitnya school № 24
ESSAY
BY GEOGRAPHY
theme: THE COUNTRIES OF ZAKHIDNOЇ EUROPI
Consultant: Sonich G.F.
uchnya 10 "A" class
Yuza Andriya
2003 r
plan
1. Introduction ................................................. .......................... side 12
2. Norway ................................................. .......................... side 2 - 3
3. Sweden ................................................. .......................... ..p. 3 - 4
4. Finland ................................................. ........................ p. 4
5. Dania ................................................. ............................. .. p. 5
6. Iceland ................................................. .......................... side 5 - 6
7. Great Britain ................................................. ................. side 6 - 7
8. Ireland ................................................. .......................... side 7 - 8
9. Netherlands ................................................. ....................... page 8
10. Belgium ................................................. .......................... p. 8 - 9
12. France ................................................. ....................... ..p. 9 - 10
12. Switzerland ................................................. .................... pp. 10 - 11
13. Austria ................................................. ........................ p. 11 - 12
14. Nimechchina ................................................. .................... ... p. 12 - 13
15. ITALY ................................................. ....................... ... p. 13 - 14
16. Spain ................................................. ........................ p. 14 - 15
17. Portugal ................................................. .................... pp. 15 - 16
18. Yugoslavia ................................................. .................... pp. 16 - 18
19. Albania ................................................. ....................... pages 18 - 19
20. Grecia ................................................. ....................... ... p. 19 - 20
21. Bulgaria ................................................. ....................... pages 20 - 21
22. Rumunia ................................................. ....................... pages 21 - 22
23. Ugorshchina ................................................. ........................ p. 22 - 23
24. Poland ................................................. ....................... ..p. 23 - 24
25. Czech Republic ................................................. .......................... p. 24 - 25
26. Slovakia ................................................. ....................... page 25
BAR CHARACTERISTICS
Surrounded by the waters of two oceans and seas, Europe will again lie in the boundaries Pivnіchno Pіvkulі... It is not very large (10 million km 2), like Asia, the length of the first two days is less than America, it is not so compact, like Australia, less exotic, less Ocean and Africa. But Europe itself does not come across as this etalon, which can be used to reconstruct all parts of the world. Navigate without the territory of Russia, the European part of what to become on the 1/3 of the area, climate, relief and tvarinny svit Europe is superbly versatile.
The middle-land sea goes to the Kremlin from Africa, the Girski Lantsyugi to the Urals and the Caucasus - from Asia, the Atlantic - from America. In the world of sunshine for the day from the extreme winter of Europe - Scandinavian pyostrov, covered with great expanses of tundra and taiga forests, natural zones change one of one - the subarctic is giving up the misce Pomirniy Zones from the oceanic climes around the continental climate, and that in its own right - the Mediterranean subtropics.
The flat tops of the Scandinavian gir (fjeldi) were smoothed by the iceman, who ruled here for a long time. Girski grabbed and the coastal skeletons can also be carried on their own along the ice of ice: the stench of none of the scars. Glyboko vdayutsya into the land of the vuzki outlets - fiordi. Coniferous and green foils grow on the grains of the gir in front of the gir'yakh. Nybilsh is a low part of Fennoscandia - Finland and Sweden - lakes and swamps.
Uzdovzh of the usy pivdenny uzberezhzh Baltic Sea the smog of the lower reaches: Serednyonimetskiy, Wielkopolska and іn. Skidno-Evropeyska (abo Rossiyska) ravnina - the largest expanse of Europe - extends practically to the Urals. Great rivers, like, yak Odra (Oder), Visla, Niman, Daugava (Zakhidna Dvina) carry their way to the Baltic; Rhine and Elba - in the Pivnichne sea; Rona is in Seredzemne. Naybilsha rychka Evropi - Volga flows into the Caspian Sea; Danube, Dnister, Dnipro lay on the Black Sea basin; Douro and Tejo fall into Atlantic ocean, And the Garonne and the Loire - in the Biskayska inflow of the Atlantic Ocean.
From the Uzbek coast of the Atlantic and as far as the Western European Plain, a belt of middle mountains stretches, the height of which does not cross 1900 m. Smuga of large swells in the earth's crust (Rift) occupies the valley of the Rhine rivulet. Vona razdіlyaє kolis One Girsky massif on the Black Forest (on the right birch) and Vosges (on the left). Up to the Vosges, there are warehouses of the Jura mountains. A series of lakes, such as Geneva and Neuchatelskoe, see the mountains from the great Alps, a majestic arc spilled over the territories of the decile lands. Alpi - the price of the youngest European mountains, with snowy peaks, ice valleys - trogs, ice lodges and hospitable lists - carlings. Here the peak of Evropi - Mont Blanc (4807 m) is roasted. In the middle of the forest grow foxes, partly built by people, and in the middle of the forest (close to 1800 m), subalpine and alpine bows are repaired - grasses with chagarnas yalivtsyu, chagarnikovy vіronalkha.
To the continuation of the Alpine-Himalaisky girskogo belt є the Carpathian Mountains, with their sketches, make a mistake. In the whole of the middle hundreds of mountains, covered with coniferous and beech woods, the Nybilsch vysoka їkh part - Tatri - lie in Slovakia. There is also a nayvischa point of the Carpathians - Mount Gerlakhovsky Shtit (2655 m).
The most significant reduction in the level of conservation on the Uzbek coast of the Netherlands. Qia part of the European pvostrov roztashovana in the zone of post-lowering earth measles... It’s not a dam, "zamikє" the inflow of Eisselmer (Söider-Ze), the capital of the Netherlands Amsterdam has appeared under the water, as it is located below the trough of the sea. The picture is similar on the Padanska lower course: here the threat of flooding of the lower valley of the Po rivulet, as well as the place of Venetsia, has come to an end.
Gori Balkansky pіvostrov - Dinara, Stara-Planina, Rila, Pіrіn, Pіnd are not generally seen as great heights, they are protected from these parts of the alpine type of relfu. The Olimp of Greece is not very high-quality (up to 2917 m), but for the whole land it is just a significant peak, as it claims to be the "dweller of gods". Krimski gory on the same pedestal wall hangs over the ancient Uzbeks, ale from pivnochi - all the way down to the plain.
The bridle of the whole Apennian p_vostrov is drawn by the lance of the not very high gir of the Apennine. Here, bilya of the ancient Uzbek economy, the time of the blasting of the cone-shaped volcano Vesuvius. On the island of Sicily there is another active volcano in Europe - Etna.
Pireneyskі gory yak bi vіdsіkayut vіd " great Europe»Little Pireneyskiy pіvostrіv. Naybilshi massivi here - Cantabrian mountains and flat mountains of Meset.
At the skin part of Europe, there is a "sviy" color. Yakshho Fennoscandia - the city of blaky fіordіv and suvorikh sіrich skel, then the wandering of the mainland Europe and the nagadu of armrests on the geometric figurines watered a row of carpet, overflowing with canals, framed by the stormy blue sea-skel Alpi - a riot of white snow, green meadows, bright blue sky; Pirenei roses are orange and red, and Crim and Apennines are elder and beige.
Pivnichny Zakhid Evropi lead to suvoris and spokiyni toni. Smell nibi fosters the style of life of people who inhabit it. The colossal gamut is here to see the bile skeli of Normandy and Dover on the holidays of France and on the islands of Great Britain, the emerald onions of Ireland and the sire of the Cambrian mountains in Wales, so that the Hollow of Holidays in Wales is seen ...
She was bitterly political before Europe, she was mostly in the result of the First and the Other Holy War. The last touches before it gave rise to the fall of the USSR and Yugoslavia, as well as the union of Nimechchina, divided into two parts in 1949, to overcome the German fascism.
Europe is one of the most important financial and shopping centers in the world: to complete the list of famous Swiss banks, the most popular exchange of color metals in London, and the market of the Netherlands. In Europe, more than half of the total volume of trade is falling, I want the share of the total gross domestic product to become 30% . U bagatioh European countries, Especially in France, Spain and Italy, there is a lot of tourism in the economy: in total 70 % all tourists in the world go to Europe.
Dility modern Europe in the region is not very busy. At a large point of view of the geographer, the view of the ethnographer, the linguist and the economist is super readable - everything is so neatly intertwined in the whole part of the world. Traditionally, geographers have seen Pivnichnu Europe (Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Dania and Iceland), Western Europe (France, Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium and a number of such countries before Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, the land of Yugoslavia, etc.) and Europe (until the end of the 80s, it included the socialist territories of the Russian Federation.
NORWAY
Area - 324.2 yew. Km 2
Population - 4.4 million Chol.
Official Mova - Norwegian
GDP - USD 146 billion
Status - Kingdom
Norway is located in Europe. The state of the loan will conquer and the private part of the Scandinavian Pvostrov. Territory of Norway 324.2 yew. Km 2, at the same time with the archipelago of Spitsbergen and adjacent islands. Norway has a mountainous landscape, along the great lowland in the region of Oslo and the whole of the old Uzbek coast. Outside of the Uzbek coastline, there are fiords - glib valleys, which have come to life in places of ice, as the boules are flooded with water.
Norway is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the state is the king. The most important legislative body is the Storting, which is composed of lagting (41 deputies) and odelsting (124 deputies), which is used to pick up on outbound selections in a line of 4 rocks. The viconavcha vlada should be imposed on the king, which signifies the order (State of the Rada) on the chol with the prime minister. Norway's main penny unit is the crown.
Near the coastal areas there is a sea climate. Navigate to a distant wine port, the nicholas do not freeze, the fragments are washed by the warm Pivnichno-Atlantic current. In Bergen, the mid-thousandth temperature becomes 1 ° C in the middle and 15 ° C in lіtnі mіsyatsі... On entering the center of the low vice from the Atlantic, it is normal to bring close to 2000 mm of wood litter. The average fall in Oslo is 800 mm. In the mountains, the vologism is even more pronounced, and there is a greater part of the fallen trees there at the viglyadi of the snig.
Norway is a highly degraded industrial land. The basis for goodness is the great reserves of energy in the Norwegian sector of the Pivnichnaya Sea. 3/4 of the oil reserves and 1/2 of the gas reserves in Western Europe are concentrated here. On Spitsbergen, in the suvorikh arctic minds, a vid of a Kam'yan vugill is being conducted. Electricity production in Norway to become 123 billion kW. h, 99.4% of the time will be rocked at the hydroelectric power station.
Near the capital of Norway - Oslo (about 500 thousand people) and the adjacent areas are concentrated about 1/3 of the population of the state. The Sami (Sami, Lapps), who are close to 40 thousand in the country, become a special ethnic group. Most Norwegians live in coastal smoothies in small settlements, rose-colored along the banks of the mountains and the valleys of the rivers.
Norway has no machinery, naphtochemical, woodworking, cellulose-paperwork and riboprocessing industry.
In the Silskoe state dignity, we rely on ribalism, farming, creativeness and lіsovye domination. But all the same, silskoe the state's talent can’t increase the preservation of the consumption of the population in foodstuffs, which means partly to be imported.
The provinces of the economy of Norway are є naphtha and gas industries, at which 14% of GDP falls.
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SWEDEN
Area - 450 yew. Km 2
Population - 8.5 million Chol.
Office mova - Swedish
GDP - USD 226.5 billion
Status - Kingdom
Sweden is knocked out from winter to 1600 km. Vona roztashovana on the Scandinavian pіvostrovі and adjacent islands. The first part of the winter and the western part is occupied by the flat-topped Scandinavian mountains, which reach the height of 2123 m. There are over 200 small ice skies. behind-the-scenes close to 400 km 2. At the winter edge of the land, the Norland flatland grows, like wide descents descend from the Scandinavian mountains to Botnichnaya inflow. The flat is deeply dissected by rychkovy and lacustrine valleys. The Middle Swedish lower rink has expanded.
Sweden is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the state is the king. The most important legislative body in Sweden is the Riksdag (single-parliamentary). There are 349 deputies, scouted by the way of the out-of-town vote every 4 times. The viconavcha vlada is to supervise the order, enchanted by the prime minister. The main unit in Sweden is the crown.
The staff are warm to the masses of the Atlantic, in Switzerland we are fermenting a warm climate. The average temperature in lime becomes 17 ° C at pavdni, 15 ° C at winter. The temperature rise on the pivot trocha is lower than zero, even at the first stench it becomes higher than -10 ° С, and beyond the polar colony it is even lower. The level of the fall from Gothenburg is 700 mm, at the descent up to 600 mm. In the mountains, the stench falls off 150-2000 mm, and in the lowlands the stench does not overtake 500-600 mm.
Sweden is the provincial supplier of gold ore. A part of 18 million tons of vikorovyvayutsya vykorovuyutsya for internal needs, and more than 75% go for export. So itself, Switzerland has 15% of its developed uranium reserves. Electricity production is 147 billion kW per year, including half a year - at the hydroelectric power station and close to 1/2 at the nuclear power plant.
Stockholm, the capital and the greatest place of Sweden (in front - 1.5 million inhabitants), is located on the banks of the channel, which links Lake Mälaren with the Baltic Sea. From the end of the XIII century. є permanent residence of the Swedish king. For a long time Lapland (Sami) - tribes of Kochivnikov-deer, who have preserved their self-confidence and language, have long been in the past.
In the industry of the country, the most important role is the border of automobiles, and metal processing.
For agriculture, only 9% of the territory of the country, ale vprovazhennya modern methods agrotechnics called on until now that it is practically not practical for Shvetsia to be stuck in the import of food products. The provincial galuz of the Silskoy government is dairy products.
By provincial halls of the economy of Switzerland є machinery, pulp and paper industry, as well as the very wide range of alarm materials and telecommunications.
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FINLAND
Area - 338 yew. Km 2
Population - 5.14 million Chol.
Official Movies - Finnish and Swedish
GDP - 126 billion US dollars
Status - Republic
Finland roztashovana in Pivnichniy Europe, the Uzbeks are on the pivdni Finsky, and at the entrance of Botnichna in the Baltic Sea. Territory - 338 thousand km 2. Great part of Finland lies in the lowlands. On the pivnichnomu descent there is the most beautiful point of the land - Mount Halti (1328 m). The middle height of Finland above the sea level is 152 m, the coastal zones at the beginning and end of the sea - 20 m. Finland has 55,000 lakes, which occupy 10% of the territory of the country.
Finland - parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president, who is used to picking straight and local choices with terms for 6 rockets. I will legislate, and at the same time with parliament - I will vikonavchu vlady. The key to the new policy is the President. The parliament is single-board, it consists of 200 deputies, which is worth 4 times as a result of direct vibrations. Grosova Finland's odinity is a Finnish brand.
The average temperature in Helsinki is -6 ° C in the middle and close to 17 ° C in lime. At winter, the climate is more cold. In the region of Rivnoy mid-thousandth brown temperature -14 o C. And the lime is close to 14 o C. The mid-season fall in Helsinki is 650 mm;
Finland is the ancestors of medi, zaliz, nickel, silver, lead, chromite, cobalt, mercury, vanadium and zinc. At the bagatokh mice of broken clay kar'єri for vyrobnitstva tsegli.
Finland is overwhelmingly inhabited by representatives of the Scandinavian and Baltic peoples. The capital of Finland, Helsinki, has close to 800 thousand inhabitants (including the front). Misto roztashovane on the pivnichnom birch of the Finskoy zatoka.
Suchasna Finland is a power with blamed promises and a sphere of services. Recently, I have played a role in the economy of gravel export of construction line and sawmills. Now the main industry is timber processing (especially cellulosis and paper), metallurgy and machinery. Great powers come to bring tourism.
In the Silk state darling, I re-ferment food, as I will increase the consumption of the land in meat and young people, and, moreover, a part of the products for export. For life and quality of life, the land is borrowed one of the first times in the world.
In the structure of the economy, the sphere of services (61% of the GNP) is overridden, and 35% of the Silk and the Lisian government - 4%.
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DANIA
Area - 43 yew. Km 2
Population - 5.3 million Chol.
Office mova - danska
GDP - 174.4 billion USD
Status - Kingdom
Dania roztashovana on the islands of Jutland and the islands of the Danish archipelago. Relief of Dania is lowland with a single most attractive point in the mountain Yuding-Skovkhoy (172 m.) At the descent of Jutland. The main part of the land was developed on the highland island of Jutland (29650 km2) and on the decilky islands - Funen, Lolland and Zeelandia. 97 out of 406 islands are inhabited.
Dania is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the state is the king, who zdіysnyu legally owns a single-chamber parliament - Folketing (179 deputies). Dania's main penny is the Danish crown.
The weather in Dania does not change after. It is important to transfer that tomorrow will be a dormouse chi board. Wow, and in Dania we are going to show you a performance lіtnі days, And if you are charged, you will be able to enjoy the frost and the weather, but you will not be able to enjoy it. The average temperature in Copenhagen is becoming Pro o C in midnight and 17 o C in lime.
Dovgy hour Dania imported a great number of energos. Development of oil and natural gas reserves on the shelf of the Pivnichnaya Sea near remote shores the country has changed the situation. In the end of the 20th century, Dania will be consumed in palivy to take care of the rakhunok of cich ancestors. Protest, the Danes will use alternative energy sources, for example, Vitrova. At the moment, the electrical energy production in the Danish warehouse is 36.8 billion kW. h. Virobnitstvo being the head rank at the TES.
The capital of Denmark is Copenhagen (with more than 1.3 million inhabitants in front of the city).
Dania is a highly degraded industrial-agrarian land. The territory of the loan is flat, and the yak is 60% roseoran. Great fields here are surrounded by pastures, small forests and swamps. The Silskoe Gosudarstvo Daniya viroblyaє is a very popular product, not only will it be consumed by the country in foodstuffs, but also widely exported. Silske Gospodarstvo dosi Gra plays an important role in the economy of the country.
Providni position was taken by industry, aimed at export. They rely on small companies, so that they offer high-tech products: precise adjustments, stereo- and tele-equipment, furniture, medicines. Rozvinene shipbuilding: to get a good drink on container ships and tankers, at Danish shipyards.
ICELAND
Area - 103 yew. Km 2
Population - 271 yew. Chol.
Office mov - Icelandic
GDP - 6.2 billion US dollars
Status - Republic.
Iceland was roasted on a single island in the private part of the Atlantic Ocean. On the island it is possible to see more of all the types of volcanoes in the Earth. The most active volcanic region with geysers, hot dzherels and mud volcanoes. 12% of the territory of the country is covered with ice.
Iceland is a parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president, who can use direct votes in a row for 4 rockets. Legislating vlada bequeathed to the president and the althing - a unicameral parliament (63 deputies), which is used to pick up on backward choices in a line of 4 rock. Groshova is one of Iceland - Icelandic crown.
Zavdyaki sea klimat, heat temperature trim tsiliy rik... The average temperature in the Revyarika is about C, the average temperature is 11 o C, the average fall - 880 mils. The climate of the winter and inner regions is more cold.
Iceland, vikoristovuchi large reserves hydroenergy and import to syrovin, imposed on aluminum, ferrosilicon, cement, mineral good. Aluminum and fero silicon go for export. Mayzhe all enterprises roztashovani on the first entry of the island. Electricity production in Iceland to become 4.9 billion kW · year. Virobnitstvo is the head rank at the GES. Geothermal energy is widely used for heating living rooms and greenhouses.
Blocked earth occupy all 1% of the outside area. The main galuzzi of the Silskoy government is meat-and-wool production, which is now being carried out according to the old-fashioned traditions. The main role in the Silskoy government is in the development of the drive from the ancient Uzbek coast of Iceland and the settler - near the ancient coast.
The population of the land is a warehouse of Icelandic people, the site of old Norwegian settlers. A large part of the population lives on the coastal territories, mainly in the western-western part near Revyarika. An insignificant part of the inhabitants is concentrated on the party of Akureyri, the settlement of the population lives in the surrounding settlements. The luscious life of the Icelandic people is the result of the supreme pratsovitosti to the people. Ostrov'yani literally work hard, and even a lot of people will be employed on two robots. Dovgy working day here is not a blame, but a rule.
The main role in the economy of the country is export of ribi and riboproducts, aluminum, ferrosilicon, mutton, sheepskin, outside and outside virobes.
BRITAIN
Area - 244.7 yew. Km 2
Population - 58.8 million Chol.
Official Mova English
GDP - 575 740 million USD
Status - Parliamentary Monarchia
Great Britain is an island power in Western Europe. Before the warehouse of the Received Kingdom, England, Scotland, Wales and Pivnichna Ireland are included. Great Britain has been rooted in the greatest European archipelase, which includes the British Isles, the Hebrides, Orkney and others. Most of them are Great Britain and Ireland. Most of them are Great Britain at the entrance to the mainland by the English Channel, at the descent - by the Pivnich Sea. all sovereign cordoni Received the Kingdom of the Sea, with a blame for the cordon of the Pivnian Irish Republic and the Irish Republic. The most sought after point of Great Britain is Ben Nevis Peak (1343 m) in the Grampian Mountains of Scotland. Near the middle part of Great Britain pass the Pennine Hills - the main Girly massif of England. Severn, found a small river (391 km) of Great Britain, shores a cob in Central Wales and flows into the Bristolskiy tributary of the Atlantic Ocean. The source of the Thames (up to 334 km), the river of England, is located near the hills of the Cotswolds.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. In the country there is no constitution at all, there is only one basic law. The head of the state is the queen. The sovereign legislative body is parliament, which consists of the House of Lords (close to 1200 Lords) and the House of Communities (659 deputies). Groshova is one of the United Kingdom - pound sterling.
Great Britain has a peaceful sea climate. Minliva weather with cyclones from the Atlantic Ocean, bringing boards. Anti-cyclones for dry weather. Sichen, lute is the coldest month (in the middle 4 o C), and the linden and serpen are nayteplish (in the middle 16 o C). Rіchny rіven litter become 650 mm. in pivdenno-skidny lower valleys, 1000 mm. at entry and up to 2000 mm. in girskiy micevost.
Great Britain has a lot to see for 42 million tons of water. Vugilla will have less than 8.5% of energy consumption, while naphtha and gas - 76%, and nuclear power - 15.5%. Hydroelectric power stations are an important energy source in the city's economy, which is to become 334.5 billion kW per year
The capital of Great Britain is London. Most of the population is English (80%); national minorities (close to 15%) are Scots, Welsh (Walleys) and Irish - take the national traditions and traditions. From the middle of the XIX century. expanded colonial power of Britain. India, part of Birmi (Nini Myanma), Canada, Australia, Afghanistan, Persia, Bagato region Western Africa, Islands in The Pacific became її colonies.
In the Silskoe State, less than two people are employed in the population of the land. In Great Britain they grow wheat, barley, cartoons and red beet. Sylske economic reasons, occupied by growing cultures, are mainly based on descent. In girskih districts to breed a great horned thinness and sheep. Kent has apples and fruits.
Prior to the provincial halls of the economy of Great Britain, verstatobuduvannya, electrical engineering, aviation, electronic and automotive industries are set. Deyakі traditional galuzі, like, yak in coal shoe, steel and textile, work at once in the country for the fall. Britain is the leader in financial services, pharmaceutical and defense industries.
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ІРЛАНДІЯ
Area - 70.3 yew. Km 2
Population - 3.68 million Chol.
Official Movies - Irish, Gelian, English.
GDP - 95 billion USD
Status - Republic
The Irish Republic is borrowed 5/6 of the territory of the island of Ireland, another of the largest in the group of the British Isles. From the island of Great Britain through the waters of the Irish Sea and two channels. Bila uzberezhzha without lynchs and islands. The inner part of the island is occupied by the lower reaches, with numerous secondary rivers.
Ireland is a parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president, who can use direct votes in a line of 7 rockets. The legislative body is the National Parliament, before the warehouse which includes the president and two chambers: the Senate (60 members) and the chamber of representatives - Doyle (166 people).
M'yakiy vologiy climate of Ireland is overflowing from the inflow of the winter-western wines and warm waters of the Pivnichno-Atlantic current. In the country, there are no high girders, as they used to invade the penetration of vologic vіtrіv, the same climat seems to be the same, if you want to go to win a little sushi, but not to go. The average winter temperature is from 4 at the descent to 7 ° C at the entry. At the first entry of the climat to reach a friendly navit for subtropical roslin... The average temperature of the litter is 14 - 16 o C. The average drop is 1000 mm. on back lowlands up to 750 mm. at the gathering.
The Pivnichny Ireland and the Republic have a view of the peasant, vapnyak, basalt, gravel, granite and marmur. break up ore genera, Zinc and lead. Electricity power supply 17.9 billion kW · year, leading rank at the TES.
The population of Ireland is 3.7 million Cholovik, mostly Irish. Miske population becomes 58%. Official Movies - Irish and English. The main town of Pivnichnoy Ireland is Belfast, with a population of 279,000 people. from the outlying population of 1 578 000 chol.
Grass and fodder crops for food culture are growing at Pivnichniy Ireland, which is the head of the Silskoy government. For agriculture, it grows up to 14%. 13% of the original population is occupied by the Silskoe state government, like a viroblyaє 10% of GDP. 71% of the people who live in the country will be taken by the pastoral. Pastoralism is rozvinene on the whole territory of the country.
Provincial galuzzi of economy in Pivnichniy Ireland є kharchova promiscuity. Rozvinnye virobnitstvo textiles, chemical industry, machinery and lisovskoy industry.
NIDERLANDI
Area - 41.5 yew. Km 2
Population - 15.65 million Chol.
Office mova - Netherlands
GDP - 384 billion US dollars.
Status - Kingdom
Holland is located in a vast area of the reduction of earth measles, the destruction of deltas of some small rivers - the Rhine, Maas and Sheldi. The sea is here last time on land. Having broken through the lance of the coastal dunes, great lowlands flooded, which transformed into milky water - vati. The whole territory is covered with swamps, lakes, channels, islands and dunes. The part of the lower reaches, which is called Holland, is significant, is located at a small height above the ditch of the sea, and in the row of the river - the lower one.
Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the state is the king, with which є the governing body is - Derzhavna is glad. The yogi member is designated as the king. Legislating the ownership belongs to the king and the General Staffs (parliament), which consists of two chambers: the First (75 deputies) and the Other (150 deputies). Groshova odinitsya - guilder.
It's warm in Holland. The average temperature is 17 ° C. The average temperature is close to 2 ° C on the Uzbek coast and it is cold in the whole continent. The tax, if anticyclones invade Siberia, the temperature drops below zero, the temperature falls below zero, and the canals of the lake are covered with ice. The average fall rate is 800 mm, the indicator is very low in the internal provinces.
Holland has colossal reserves of natural gas in the winter land and oil in the Dutch sector of the Wine Sea, which has allowed the development of new industrial facilities and an increase in the number of working missions. Electrical power supply 80.8 billion kW. h, head rank at TES.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands is one of the most densely populated powers in the world. 15% of the out-of-town number of residents are stored in those from other places of the world. The average population density is close to 370 people per 1 km 2. The capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam (more than 995 thousand inhabitants, including the population of the area).
Holland has machinery, electrical engineering, naftopererobka, naftokhimia. The Netherlands should be the first place in the world with diamond cutting. The promislovost occupies 25% of the original population.
Nearly 27% of the agricultural lands are occupied by ornie lands, 32% - by pastures and 9% covered by lands. The Silskoe State Prize occupies 4% of the original population and accounts for 4% of GDP. One of the oldest galuses of the Silskoy Gospodarstvo in Holland is the artwork. The same is not true of creation.
Najvazlivіshі galuzі ekonomіki machine-building, electrical engineering, naptorerobka, naphtokhimіya, avіabuduvannya, shipbuilding, chorna metallurgy, textile, furniture, cellulose-paper industry.
BELGIUM
Area - 30.5 yew. Km 2
Population - 10.2 million Chol.
Official movi - French, Dutch, Nimetska
GDP - 270 billion US dollars
Status - Kingdom
The coastline (66 km) is lined with a ridge of dunes. Let's go downstairs with polders. Behind them, the Flanders lowland stretches to Brussels, zroshuvana by the river Scheldt. Between the capital and the wide valley of the Sambre and the Meuse lie a nevis plateau, behind which hang the Ardennes Mountains.
Belgium is a federal power, which is a parliamentary monarchy. The head of the state is the king, who will be surrounded by the dominion. Legislative vlada is king and parliament. The parliament is bicameral, which is based on the chotiiric term. It consists of the Chamber of Representatives (150 deputies) and the Senate (71 deputies).
Klimat in Belgium Pomirny Morsky; the average temperature is from -1 to 3 ° C, lime is 14-19 o C. The average fall is about 800 mm on the Uzbek coast. In the world from the distance from the sea, the amount of fallout changes, and in the winter, in the mountains, the reach is 1000 mm.
Belgium bagata vugillam. The main part of the village is located in a small pool in the Sambra and Maasu Valley. The video clip played an important role in the industrialization of the country. Electricity virobnitstvo 74.4 billion kW. hours (1995), 55.5% - at nuclear and geothermal power plants.
The capital of Belgium is Brussels. Miske population becomes 96.6% Most of the population. The country is home to two peoples - the Walloons (32.5%) and the Flemish (58%). Krym them in the land permanently live close to 900 thousand. Inozemtsiv. Walloon speaks French, and Flemish speaks Flemish.
Belgium is an industrial power with highly degraded black metallurgy and machinery. my role so is the very grain of color metallurgy and textile industry.
25% of all lands are orni, 21% are vicarious for pasture. Silskoe empowerment is carried out by intensive and highly derogatory methods. Farmers become 5% of the native population and 2% of GDP.
Nayvazhlivіshі galuzі ekonomіki Belgium - the export of industrial possession, automobiles, chemical and pharmaceutical goods, black and colore metals, textiles, jewelery diamonds.
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FRANCE
Area - 551 yew. Km 2
Population - 60.9 million Chol.
Office mova - French
GDP - 1.7 trillion. US dollars
Status - Republic
France is the most important power in Europe with the most important point - Mont Blanc. At the first descent of the Alps, you can reach Italy and Switzerland. Gori Yura is located at the winter of the Alps, and the Pirenei is at the first sunset. All the young folks burned, which settled for the rest of 70 million rocky. Porizane plateau of the Central massif nabagato is older. The Armoricanska Visochina, the Vosges and the Ardenni were prostrated at the parties and descent. More than 60% of France is occupied by the lowlands, the rivers of Garonne, Seine, Loire, Rhone and Sonne.
France is a republic. The head of the state is the president, who can use a line on these rockets. Winning sign of the premier-ministra and members of the uryad, head in Radio ministries, keru with bloodshed... The most important legislative body is the parliament, it was elected from the National elections (577 deputies) and the Senate (321 senators). Groshova odinitsa - franc.
At the first visit of the French panun, the sea climate, the transfer of warm and natural winds from the Atlantic Ocean. At the descent of France, we re-ferment a dry climate with a cold winter and a warm summer. In the new part of the spectrum, there are no dry and unhappy and often with winter conditions. The average temperature in Brest becomes 7 ° C, in average 2 in Strasbourg and 6 in Marseille. The average drop on the western Uzbek coast is close to 800 mm, or at the drop off it can be no more than 600 mm. Near the mountains, it is more cold and cold, so the level of fallen there is 1000 mm.
France has a lot of ore and ore. Є small genera of bauxite, uranium and salts. Є small reserves of naphtha, in the Pireneyskie mountains - a kind of natural gas. Atomic power engineering has become one of the key modern galuses of industry (AES is operating on 2/3 of all power engineering).
The population of France will become 58.3 million. 93% of the population is French. 75% of the population lives near the place. The official mova is French. The capital of France is Misto Paris.
For a long time, France has an easy prowess. Here textiles, porcelains virobi are vibrating. So, France itself has French spirits and perfumery and vyroblyaetsya majestic drink and popularity in the world. In a special place, I’ve got a swagger. Developments are also metal-working industry, radioelectronics and chemical industry.
In the economy of the country, the role of the government is significant. Yogo is the main galuz - creation. In France, breed a great horned thinness, pigs, sheep, poultry. From silskogospodarskikh crops cultivate wheat, barley, corn, red beet. The traditional French galuzi are old-fashioned є viticulture, wine-growing and business.
I have a role in the economy of France to play rocket and aviation, ship and automobile.
SWISS
Area - 41.3 yew. Km 2
Population - 7 million Chol.
Official Movies - Nimetska, French, Italian
GDP - 283.5 billion USD
A large part of Switzerland is occupied by the mountains behind the mountains. At the cordon with France, the Girsky massif Yura. On the first stage of the road, the humpback stretches along the great number of garnishing lakes of the Swiss plateau, finding the point of the mountain NAPFA (1408 m). It takes 1/3 of the territory of the state and smoothly move up to 1000-1200 m on the slope, then the mountain ridges of the Alps rise above it. The alpine summit of Mont Blanc (4807 m) is located on the cordon of France and Italy, and only one was forced to enter Switzerland. Finding the edge of the edge of the Peak Dufour (4634 m) of rasprostavaniya on pivdni, in the Pekin Alps, on the cordon from the Italian. On the territory of Switzerland more than 1 thousand. Lodovikiv with an area of 1224 km 2. Shili state-top ridges, projected by rychkovy valleys. Two of the most famous rivers of Western Europe - the Rhine (with the tide Aare) and the Rhona - take their ear in the ice hogs of the Swiss Alps. There are great lakes in front of the Alps.
Heads of the constitution of 1848 r Switzerland with the non-staid confederation of cantons was transformed into a single allied power. The Kozhen canton has a strong constitution, the parliament and the district and the most independent in its own internal problems. The allies are in control of food deprivation and the world, diplomatic letters, a penny and the federal budget. Groschova is one of the Swiss francs.
In Switzerland, there is a growing environment, a kind of climate, typical for Central Europe, with significant leaves in the wilderness above the ditch of the sea. Winter is cold, on the plateaus and in the valleys the temperature reaches Pro o C, and in the mountainous regions -10 O C is higher. The average temperature in the lowlands is 18 - 20 ° C, and the temperature is lower in the places. The average fall in Tsurikh on the plateau is 800 mm, and in Santi - 2000 mm. Significant part of the fall of the vipad is charged from the viglyad of the snig. Deyaki districts are constantly located on a ball of snow and ice.
Switzerland has practically no hardy cinnamon copalins. More than 50% of the electricity is supplied by HES, 37% - by AES, and in the same - TEC from imported naphtha. Most of the hydroelectric power station is used by the Alps, 40 individual lakes - water reservoirs - have been destroyed.
The population of the Swiss warehouse is 7.2 million. Cholovik. 68.9% of the population lives near the place. Official Movies - Nimetska, French, Italian. The capital of Switzerland is the city of Bern.
Promislov_st become 21% of GDP. I will play a role in the production of sir, chocolate, canned food and virobes from the tree. Rosvineni is also electrical, textile, pharmaceutical and chemical industry. Bagato virobiv is highly valued for his own goodness. For all these years, in Switzerland there are a lot of looks and cheeky barvniki, for example. In the cantons of St. Gallen and Tsurich, the role of prominence is easy. Rozvinene mashinobuvannya (often the price of possession, bezposeredno tied with a machine tool, for example, diesel engines, sewing machines).
10% of the land in Switzerland is occupied by a irele, 40% - by shepherds, if a large part of the land cannot be collected through the CIS. Only 4% of the total population is occupied in the agricultural sector, and it will only serve as a dzherel less than 2% of GDP. I will play the role of meat and milk production, with all the thinness to take revenge in the craziest places by stretching out the winter months. Milk surpluses are used for the production of condensed milk, sir and chocolate. Sheep are raised near the mountains, and pigs are raised on the plateau. The plateau is a single region, de-more meaning is not cattle-breeding, but the viroshuvannya of the village. crops: wheat, barley, rye, kartopl, lion, hemp, tyutyun, red beet.
The main galuzy of the Swiss economy is the production of machinery and metal processing, including Ch. Godinnik, chemistry, textile comrades, clothes and food.
AUSTRIA
Area - 83.9 yew. Km 2
Population - 8 million Chol.
Office mova - nimetska
GDP - 191 billion USD
Status - Republic
Austria is an Alpine land, one of the most mountainous regions of Europe. Shady Alpi occupy 70% of the territory. Girski ridges, which go in the main from the approach to the highway, are distributed by rychki INN, Salzach and Yens (all are tributaries of the Danube, or, in Nimetski, Donau). There is a large part of the native lands near the Danube valley.
Austria is a republic. The head of the state is the federal president, who can use the term for 6 rockets in the population. The most important legislative body is parliament, which consists of 2 chambers: for the National sake (183 deputies) and for the Federal sake (63 deputies). Groshova is one of Austria's - Euro.
Alpine high-altitude climates, vlast climatic minds, but in general in Austria, the continental clime is ferried with cold winters and warm sleepy lakes. Leto - tse and the same season, if not angry and threatening. Ryasniy snowfall is often a manifestation of a charge. A dry and dry part of the land - the lowlands of Burgenland near Today, the middle temperature is close to 1 o C, and lime is 20 ° C. In the Alps, it is extremely, colder, on the high mountains there is a lot of time.
Significant genera of naphtha, natural gas, gold ore, lignite, magnesite, tungsten, lead and zinc are being developed in the country. Vidobuvayetsya up to 1.1 million tons of naphtha (mainly in the district of Tsistersdorf), 2.3 million tons of gold ore (by the method in the district of Aiseperts in Styria) і 1.1 million tons of lignite on the river, and also strong and viscous graphite (Austria is one of the leading suppliers). Electricity production in Belgium to become 56.6 billion kWh per year, including 60% on HPS.
The population of Belgium will become 7.9 million Cholovik, 98% of which are Austrian. 64.5% live near the place. Office mova - nimetska. Capital of Austria - Today.
35% of the occupied population is pratsyu in industry, giving 37% of GDP. Steel and machinery stores store a third of the industrial production. Centers of cikh galuzei є place Linc and Donavice. Widely broadened is also chemistry. 45% of the territory of the country is covered with forests, especially in the Alps and the Chesky (Bohemian) mountains at winter. Schorichno Austria viroblyaє 2.4 million tons of paper and cardboard and 1.4 million tons of cellulose. Important kintsevym products of processing lisu є syrnik, tar and turpentine.
In the main, small, but highly productive farmers' state gifts will ensure that the land is not consumed in food by 80% more, I want to grow old crops and pastures less than 18% and 24% of the land, and in the village. pratsyu not more than 8% of the pracezdat population. To breed milk thinness in the Alps. Wheat, corn, barley and vegetables grow here at a height of up to 2000 m above the sea level, ale culture in these regions - grass fodder. Near Graz and grow fruits and grapes in some of the old lands. Farming of the soil in the Danube valley and in the lower reaches of the descent.
Provincial halls of industry in Austria є machinery, metallurgy, chemistry, cellulose-paperwork, garnishing, textile and gourmet industry. An important galuzzi of the Silskoy dignity є creation.
NIMECHCHINA
Area - 356.9 yew. Km 2
Population - 81.8 million Chol.
Office mova - nimetska
GDP - USD 1,870 billion
Status - Federal Republic
Nimechchina roztashovana in Central Europe, During the winter, we are surrounded by two seas: Baltic and Pivnich. The coastal part of the land is lowland and canopy; in the center of її, mіzh Hanover, Bremen and Hamburg, the majesty of the Luneburg wilderness stretches, overgrown with heather. From Hanover, right up to the Alps, the mountainousness is not high (up to 1,500 m) to the right (up to 1500 m) the mountainousness: the Rhine Slate Hills, Fichtelgebirge (Smerekovy Gori) in the winter-school Bavaria on the cordon of Czech nichyu birches of the Rhine in Baden. One of the first peaks in the front of the Alps - Zugshpitze, was roasted on the cordon from Austria, syagaє 2962 m.
Territorially, the land is divided into 16 lands, which may have its own laws and order, equal rights at the federation and equally represented at the upper chamber of the parliament - the Bundesrat (literally, the Rada of the Federation). The lower house - the Bundestag - is the main legislative body. Between rural lands there is a sense of modern, ethnical, economic and legislative decisions. Increased importance of clear distribution between federal (central) and land ownership.
Unimportant for a small height, the girski ridges of the entrance of Nimechchin, who stretched out from the evening to the evening, serve as a gateway for the wanderers, who will collapse from the entry into Europe. The establishments of the central part of the city are even more mature in the middle of the Middle Rhine valley and the entire landscape of the territory of the country, the transition from the sea to the continental winter (16-20 ° C) during ). Ale in the middle of the Rhine natural mind close to the Middle Sea. Nimechchina has 450 million tons of lignite (brown woolen) for the production of electricity at power plants and in the capacity of syruin (over 25% of the light stocks are stored here). Emsland, Lower Saxony, has a family of oil and gas. Nimechchina is also a great leader in calcium carbonate (potash). Virobniztvo elektroenergії yde, the head rank at thermal power plants (close to 1/4 at the AES).
The population of the land is ethnically one-born (more than 92% become nimtsi), but also, by the way, because of the insights from the indigenous inhabitants of the rural lands, they do not take it as nationally for the whole land to live their own lives. Almost all of the population of Nimechchin (85%) live in localities. The capital of Nimechchin is the city of Berlin.
Nimechchina is one of the provincial industrial regions of the world, the main industrial center in the Ruhr Valley and the Rhine. Great loads of the high-quality woolen made the development of metallurgy and machine-building. There are a lot of chemical factories, like the vicorist Rhine, like more important transport lanka. Steelmaking and machinery for production of goods in Bochum, Essen and Dortmund, and textiles to wear at Wuppertals and Krefslds. The main ports are Hamburg, Bremen, Kil and Rostock.
36% of the territory of Nimechchin is occupied by grain crops and 16% - by pastures. In girskih regions to breed a great horned thinness and sheep. The main rural areas were developed in the lowlands, especially in the neighboring regions of the northern edge of the Pivnichno-Nimetskoy lower range. Highly productive districts and overwhelming the majority of Hanover, Braunschweig and Magdeburg. Vegetables grow in all great places. Wine making is done in the valleys of the Rhine and the Moselle. At home, you can eat tyutyun, corn and hmil, and at winter - rye.
Providnі galuzі ekonomіki Nіmechchiny - gіrnichodobіvna, electronic, naphtokhіmіchna, machine-building and іnshі - good development, albeit especially hostile to automobiles.
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ITALIA
Area - 301.2 yew. Km 2
Population -58.2 million Chol.
Office mova - italyyska
GDP per capita - 1,150 billion US dollars
Status - Republic
Італія - perevazhno girskaya kraina. In all p_vostrov, with his sketches of nagaduє chobit, the ridge of the Apennian mountains was prostrated. Pivnich of the country surrounds the Alps, then there is a nest in Western Europe, Mont Blanc (4807 m), it is difficult to pass a tunnel before it, which calls Italy from France. A great part of the adjacent Italian islands - Elbi, Sardinia, Sicily are also occupied by the mountains. The Liparskie Islands are located close to the northern Uzbek coast of Sicily. Some volcanoes in the innermost part of Sicily (Etna), in the Eastern part of Italy, not far from Naples (Vesuvius), as well as on the Aeolian Islands (Stromboli and Vulcano) bring to I'll put in a picture nature is not just color, but lasting instability. Here it is not easy for earthlings to trap, and over Etna you can often sing a gloom over it.
Італія - parliamentary republic. The head of the state - the president is looking at the secret office of both chambers of the parliament for the participation of representatives of the regions by term, for 7 years. Legislating vlada should be imposed on parliament, scho to look around for 5 years for a change in vibration system. It consists of two chambers: the Senate of the Republic (322 senators) and the Chamber of Deputies (630 deputies). Grosova One of the Italians - Lira.
The climate in Italy is mid-sea: it is dry here in summer (20 - 28 ° С) and warmth in winter (about - 12 ° С). Pislya ryasnyh planks on the great rivers of Piostrov - Tiber and Arno - Incoli floods occur. From one of them in 1966 the city of Florence suffered greatly. At the beginning of the summer it is hot, the chances of being close to Africa begin. On the side of the Chorny continent, there is often a spectacular wind siroko, carrying a gloomy squeak.
The population of the Italian warehouse is 57.9 million. Cholovik, in the main Italian, of which 67.1% of the population live in the place. Official mova - Italian. The capital of Italy is the city of Rome.
The land is home to natural copalins (naphtha and natural gas here may be dumb), protects from lead and zinc ores, bauxite, sirku, and, of course, Karara marmur, has long been famous for its beauty and high lumen. Electricity production in Italy to become 241 billion kW · a year.
Industry has a role to play in metallurgy and mechanical engineering. The Italian automotive industry is especially famous: the largest concern "FIAT" (the first plant is located in Turin) viroblyaє 80% of Italian cars and 13% of sales in Europe. Italian by-butova technology and furniture are even more popular.
41% of the territory of the ITALY is victorious before the people of the agricultural sector, and the same 17% - for the pasture. Nearly 6% of the original population is occupied by the Sylskoe government, the indicator is gradually changing into the link with the migrants of Sylsk residents near the place. The main grain crop is wheat, ale in the lowlands to wind corn and rice. The valley of the Po River is the main region for growing cereals, vegetables, red beets, tyutyunu and hemp. Viticulture has been expanded, olives are an important culture in the ancient provinces. Italy is the most popular vyrobnik of grapes and olive olives in the world. For wine, pick apples, peaches and pears, and citrus fruits for wine. Sheep and kiz are also raised there.
Providnі galuzі ekonomіki Іtalії - machine building, automobile manufacturing, kharchova, chemistry, textile, metallurgy. An important role in the economy of the country is the development of digital technology and electronic equipment
ІSPANIA
Area - 505.9 yew. Km 2
Population - 39.7 million Chol.
Office mova - spanska
GDP - 562 245 million USD
Status - Monarchia
The basic rhythm of the geography of Spain is set by the relief and vision in a number of atmospheric falloffs. Near the center of the land, the region of flatlands - Meseta - is located. Її pereretinaє kіlka lantsyugіv middle-height gir, and on the outskirts of oblamovuyut vishі gіrski massivi: Pirenei and Kantabriyskі gory at winter; The Andalusian mountains, or Kordilya-era-Betika, at the most attractive point of the edge of the Mulasen mountain (3478 m) - on the pivdn. Єdina is a great lowland of the land - Andalusian - roztashovana at the first entry; according to nіy protіkє Guadalkvіvіr - one of the head rykhok of Ispania Adina is ship-floating in the downstream. Some of the great rivers, including Tahoe and Duero, are the lower part of the shipfloor, which are located on the territory of the country's mainland Portugal, and are characterized by the sharp seasonal ravines of the water and the number of rapids.
Spain is the parliamentary monarchy. The Constitution was adopted in 1978 by the head of the state - the king, the representative of the country in international and we will lead the head-command with the brave forces of the land. The rights of the king are suvoro regulated by the constitution. I will legislate the power of the General Cortesi (parliament). It consists of two chambers: the Senate (upper chamber, 256 people) І Congress of Deputies (350 people)
At the beginning of the 19th century, there is a panun middle-sea climate with a sleepy summer and a cold vologo winter. The average temperature in La-Co-Runє becomes 10 ° C, and the temperature in lime 19 ° C; rychny ryven fallen - ponad 900 mm. The average temperature in Madrid, which is raised at a height of 660 m above the sea level, fluctuates from 5 ° C in midday to 24 ° C in lime; rychny pryven fallen - 450 mm. In Almeria, rostashovanoy on the middle sea Uzbek, average temperatures in the middle 12 ° С and 25 ° С - in linden; Rivn litter does not overlap 250 mm.
In the end of the XIX century. in the country, there is a promislovy view of the brown copalins. Most of the enterprises of black metallurgy are located at winter, not far from the Kamyanovugilny basins and genera of ore ores, from a type of loan from Spain to the third place in Europe. On the black metallurgy specialization is the third place for the size of Bilbao. Vlasny vidobutok of naphtha will save 5% of the country's consumption, and it will be imported. The electrical power industry and Spain is 166.4 billion kWh year, the leading rank at the TES.
Aviles, Khichon, Santander, Bilbao and Barcelona are the most important places in steel, colore metals and in machinery and equipment. The winter skid of the country is a region with highly degraded textile and chemical galuzes. Madrid has a textile industry, a chemistry and a gourmet hall. In Andalusia there is olive oil and wine, and seafood comes from Galisia.
The population of Spain is 39.7 million Cholovik, in the main Spain. So in the land itself there are Catalans (more than 5 million), Galisiytsi (about 3 million), Basques (about 2 million). The capital of Spain is Misto Madrid.
In Sylska, the state's empowerment falls to 5% of the country's GDP, while 13% of the country's population is occupied by the new one. 41% of the territory of Spain is victorious for the sake of the Silkskogospodarsk. at least 21% - for the pasture. Wheat and barley are grown at Messet. Maize grows in the agricultural regions of the country with large cultivars, and rice grows on agricultural lands. Vegetables are occupied in the growing valleys of the native Uzbeks. Citrus takes an important place and grows in the Mediterranean lowlands at the same time with fig and migdal. Spain is another olive oil exporter. In the valleys of the rivers Ebro, on Meset, in the middle-sea lowlands and in Andalusia, grapes grow. Misto Kherez is the fatherland of the famous wine. In Spain - the third one in Europe for wine production - 15 million hectares of land are occupied by vineyards.
Provincial halls of the economy of Spain є such types of industry, such as machine-building, automobile-building, ship-building, aviation, electrical engineering, chemical and textile.
PORTUGAL
Area - 92.1 yew. Km 2
Population - 9.9 million Chol.
Official Mova - Portuguese
GDP - 87,993 million US dollars.
Status - Republic
Portugal loaned 1/6 part of Pireneisky pvostrov. The coastline of the land is rivna, bays and inflow is not large. The two rivers flooded by the sea - the Douro (Duero) and the Tagus (Tahoe) set out in the bay, on the shores of some of the most popular places-port Lisbon and Porto. Richka Tagus extends the land into two parts: the mountainous pivnich (the hills of the Messet plateau with the heights close to 2000 m above the sea level) and the rivinous pivden, occupying the humpbacks of the Portuguese lower reaches.
Portugal is a republic with a presidential regime. The head of the state is the president of the republic, who is going to get around with a straight line and the same voice on the 5-day term. The most important legislative body - the Zbori of the Republic - is a unicameral parliament (230 deputies), which has a line of four. Vyshiy Vikonavchiy organ - order on choli with prem'ar-ministrom.
Great inflow to the climate overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, across the middle sea climate. The mid-thousandth midday temperature in the Port at winter will become + 9 ° С, and the temperature of lipneva + 20 ° С; a small drop of fall is greater than 110 cm, a large part of which will be charged. The average temperature in Faro (pivdenne Uzbek) rises from + 12 ° С in midday to + 24 ° С in linden; rychny rivn fallen - 45 cm.
Nature is pouring into the economy of the country. The day of traditionally engaging in the Silskoy state gifts. Look for wines on the market (including the famous Portuguese port), olive ole, tinned ribs and natural cork, from which Portugal is borrowed for the first time in the world.
Small vugilny genera are broken up into the small town of Psuvannya, however, a larger part of the paliva is imported. In addition, add: pyrite, tungsten, kaolin, gold, uranium and marmur. Electricity production in Portugal 33.3 billion kW. H, the chief rank at the HES.
The population of Portugal will become 10 million. Choloviks, and the Portuguese language in the world is more than 110 million. Choloviks (in the USA, Brazil, in the colonies of Portugal in Africa and Asia). The capital of Portugal is Lisbon.
A lot of industry is occupied by the processing of agricultural products, lisomaterials and ribs, cork, paper, wine, olive oil. The last hour of the production of textiles was bully in the towns of Porchu, Brazil and Lisbon. For the rest of the hour, there were developed such new galusas, such as metalworking, machinery, production of goods in a wide range. At Lisbon and Ilopchy roztasvani machinery, steel and chemical factories. Azambuzh and Lisbon have cars. The link with the development of tourism in the rest of the rock zbіlshivya will drink on the swelling and suvenirnu products.
Portugal is a silskogospodarska land, and I won't get food for myself. At pivnochі, we rely on state gifts with an area of up to 2 hectares. On the plain of Alentejo, there is a large farm. In the Algarve and Baixu-Alentejo, there are types of Mediterranean cultures: olives, figs, grapes, migdal and citrus fruits. Grapes and olives can also be grown at winter. Pickled olives for making olive olives and preserving sardines.
Provincial galuzy of the economy of Portugal є textile, sewing, swelling, ceramic and shipbuilding industry. The development is also automotive, electronic and chemical industry.
YUGOSLAVIA
Area - 102.2 yew. Km 2
Population - 10.4 million Chol.
Official Mova - Serbian
Status - Union Republic
The whole state is the federation of two republics - Serbia and Chornohora. Outside the area of the Union Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) Chornogoria borrowed a total of 13.8 thousand tons. Km 2, and the population її become close to 520 yew. Cholovik. As much as 75% of the territory of Yugoslavia (in the boundaries until 1991) is occupied by flatlands and mountains. At the first time, one can enter the Alps (Julian Alps), from the start - the Stara Planina mountains, and in the central part of the country the Dinarskoe mountain with a series of parallel ridges. The winter-western part of Dinari was flooded by the Adriatic Sea, and at the end of the day, there were numerous islands, knotty coastlines.
The head of the FRY is the president, who can be scammed by the parliament of the country in a line of 4 fate. The major legislative body of the FRY is the Assembly, which consists of two chambers - Vicha Gromadyan (the lower chamber, 138 deputies are fighting for the norm 1 deputy from 65 thousand. ... Allied deputies use the term for 4 rock. Vikonavcha vlada zd_ysnyuєtsya allied district. Groshova one of the FRY is a dinar.
On the Uzbek coast, rich in inflows and bays, the middle sea climate and the archway - for the rik of the fall, up to 3000 mm fall. However, in the world of penetration into the depths of the mainland, it becomes as continental as it is. The average temperature today varies from - 1 to + 9 ° C, lime trees - from 19 to 25 ° C. The fall here is the Danube and its tributaries Drava, Sava, Morava set up wide valleys in Yugoslavia in the middle of the Middle Danube region. At winter, de klimat, fill the soft and roaming black earth soils,
It has long been a development of the Silskoe statehood.
The land has significant reserves of cinnamon copalins: ores of colorex metals, chromium, burevilla, naphtha, gas, minerals and minerals, Bagata lisom and hydraulic resources. The production of electricity in Yugoslavia to become 37.2 billion kW · year (1995).
The population of the land will become 10.8 million people. Among them are Serbs (63%), Albanians (16.6%), Chornohors (5%), Ugorts, Bosnians and In. Official Mova - Serbian-Croatian. The capital of Yugoslavia is the city of Belgrade.
The FRY has developed chorn and colorov (high-grade aluminum, medium) metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical, cellulose-paperwork, textile, kharchova industry.
Silske the statehood is not just about securing the land, but about exporting products to the cordon. The main agricultural cultures: wheat, beetles, dormouse; fruitfulness (overly angry) and viticulture. Rosvinene breeding of great horny thinness, pig breeding, breeding.
The main galuzy of the economy of the FRY is the syrovin and the goods, the food comrades, the machinery and the industrial establishment.
CROATIA
Area - 56.6 yew. Km 2
Population - 4.8 million Chol.
Office mova - Croatian
Roztashuvalasya on the Uzbek coast of the Adriatic Sea of the Republic of Croatia pov'yazuyu Zakhidnu Europe with the Balkans and the Close Gathering. At the same hour її zruchnі sea port indispensable for the "land" of Austria, Czechia, Ugorshchyna. Unimportant on small regions of the land, nature is even more dynamic: hump and rural space, suvor Ainarskoe nagir'ya, subtropic Uzbek Adriatic.
In the great Yugoslavia of Croatia, there has been one of the most economically roving republics, and moreover, the influx from the Silk statehood has been reversed. Here you can see vugilla, naphtha and gas, black and colore metallurgy, mechanical engineering, textile and hygienic-blooming industry.
The capital of Croatia is the city of Zagreb. Vіn nalichu ponad 700 yew. Residents. One of the most beautiful places in the world is Dubrovnik on the birch trees of the Adriatica. A great museum under the open sky and before that - a wonderful resort.
Croatians, it is a great time to be Catholic.
BOSNIA I HERZEGOVINA
Area - 51 yew. Km 2
Population - 3.3 million Chol.
Official movi - Bosanska, Serbian, Croatian
According to the new constitutional state, the state is so called “the flesh of the federation”, which is formed from two institutions: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Serbia.
As many as 1/2 of the population of the country is a spoken word that promotes Islam (close to 40%), 31% are Orthodox Christians (in the main population of the Serbian Republic), and close to 15% see the Catholic Church.
The land in the main, and the part of the Silskoy state dignity in the national income, become less than a trocha more than 10%. The promiscuity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who had already lost it under the yoke of Osman, began to actively develop only the writing of the Other Holy Life. At the present moment, woodworking, metallurgical, chemical, kharchova and ін are kindly developed.
The capital of the federation, the city of Sarayevo, is the industrial and cultural center of the country. Krim number industrial enterprises in the place there is the Academy of Sciences and Arts, as well as the Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a university,
art gallery.
SLOVENIA
Area - 20.3 yew. Km 2
Population - 1.9 million Chol.
Office mova - Slovenian
Slovenia is the Alpine land. The Triglav peak in the Yuli Alps reaches 2863 m. To build, nature itself has laid it out for tourism and sports. First and foremost, the tourist business is bringing the Chimali states to their destination. However, the republic has a good and good economy: electricity, black and color metallurgy give 50% of the national income. Vіruuchі Slovenes the head rank of Catholics. Near the capital of Slovenia - the city of Ljubljana, buildings were protected near the Baroque style of the bishop's palace (XVI-XVIII centuries), the Church of St. Jacob (XVII century) and I Ursulines (XVIII century), Cathedral of St. XVIII century).
MACEDONIA
Area - 25.7 yew. Km 2
Population - 1.9 million Chol.
Office mova - Macedonian
Macedonia is a land of mountainous and, by the way, garna. One of the memorials is Lake Ohrid, on the birch tree there is an ancient place of Ohrid. Roztashovans on the cordon from Albania, the clearest lake is even more rich in ribbons. To find a place in the center of all guests, bulo prompted a lot of comfortable hotels and tourist complexes. However, the war in the siddny Kosov destroyed all the plans, and in the republic it rushed along the ethnic Albanians.
Economically Macedonia is weaker than all the other large Yugoslav republics. Here you can add chromium, mineral, lead-zinc and gold ores, manganese. Є enterprises of black and color metallurgy, machinery, chemical and pharmaceutical, light and food industries.
The capital of Macedonia - the place of Skop'є in 1963 was planted with a strong earthquake, which in the new mayzhe did not overflow with old-fashioned buddies. In quiet time, there will be robots on the renewal of architectural monuments, there will be new quarters, which are in their own way added.
With the announcement in 1991 of Yugoslavia, the problems of the name of a new independent state were identified. Gretsiya protested against the "swing" of the Slovenian land on the Yelinske spadshchina and vimagala, but the name Bula was supplemented with the words "Slovo'yanska", "Vardarska" (according to the head of the riches Vardar), but also called "Macedonian" As a result of the official, the name of the state was not approved by the international sports industry and in the end of the 1990s.
ALBANIA
Area - 28.7 yew. Km 2
Population - 3.4 million Chol.
Office mova - Albanian
GDP - insignificant
Status - Parliamentary Republic
Tsiomu does not great powers, Roztashovany at the entrance of the Balkan pіvostrov, іvnini borrow only the smugness of the Adriatic Uzbek, and the whole territory is covered by the mountains of the Pivnich Albanian Alps. There is also a nifty point of Albania - the Korabi ridge. Yogo visota syagaє 2764 m.
Albania is a parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president, who can be scammed by the parliament for 5 years. The most important body of sovereign power and the only legislative body is the Couvend (Parliament), which consists of 140 deputies, which is picked up by a path of out-of-the-box vibrations in a line of 4 rock. Viscous viconavchy and ordering body - Rada ministries. Groshova odinitsya Albania - lek.
Climat in Albania is subtropical Middle Sea. On the ravines, the weather is very dry, and the weather is very dry. The mountains are cold and cold. The average temperature is 8-9 ° С, the lime tree is 24-25 ° С.
In Albania, load naphtha, natural gas, lignite, chromium, medium and zalizonikel ores. In the structures of industry, the ginzhoboobuvny galuzi occupy the main place. Electricity production to become 4.4 billion kW. h, the chief rank on the HES is located on the riches Drin.
National warehouse Albania to finish one-day. The main part of the population is Albanian (96%), and only a small number of Greeks live in the population. However, the middle of the Albanians dozens of times of the tribe of vision, as they started with a serious transition to unite the land. Tirana (about 560 thousand people) became the capital of Albania in 1920 r. In Denmark, the most political and economic center of the country.
Albania has developed black and color metallurgy, metal processing, mechanical engineering, chemical, textile, grub, woodworking, paper and naphtha processing industries.
Provincial galuz of the Silskoy statehood - roslinnitstvo. Grain culture, tyutyun, dormouse, growth of fruit (olives, citrus), viticulture, mountain pasture creation.
Assessing the country of the economy of Albania is superbly easy, so that through the political shock of the Republic of Albania it becomes one of the most important European powers.
Greece
Area - 132 yew. Km 2
Population - 10.5 million Chol.
Office mova - walnut
GDP - 111.9 billion US dollars
Status - Republic.
Gretsiya roztashovana on the private island of the Balkan Peninsula and includes more than 2000 adjacent islands Midland Sea, In case of seizures, it is close to 20% of the territory of the country. Perevazhaє mountainous mistsevist, the main breed є vapnyaks. The territory of Greece is crossed by a series of great rivers with heavily porous shores. Dovzhina coastline - close to 4000 km. three main girski systems: Gori Pind, to drag from Albania to the Peloponnese; the coastal ridge with the most attractive point - Mount Olimp (2917 m) - stretching on the road to Gretskoi Macedonia; і burn the Rhodope Mountains at a wine time to distribute Greece and Bulgaria. Near the place of Thessalonica and in the province of Thessaly, the most great lowlands have grown. Crete (8336 km) - the largest of the islands - є the continuation of the Peloponnesian mountains. The main island systems: Kiklady on the mainland of the Aegean Sea, where 200 small islands are covered; Ionichni islands in the western part of Uzbekistan, Yegeiski and Dodecanese islands in Turechchini. Finding a small river of Grecia - Alyakmon (300 km).
Greece is a parliamentary republic with a presidential form of government. The head of the state is the president, and the parliament is looking for a five-term term. Legislating vlada should be imposed on the parliament - the Chamber of Deputies (unicameral, in a line of 4) and the president of the republic. Vikonavcha vlada is going to be the president of the district. Groshov's unit of Greece is the drachma.
Climat Gretsiya is a Mediterranean one, with a dry hot summer and a cold plank winter. The most dry and specotnі mіsyatsі on rіk - linden and serpen. At the end of the middle hour, the temperature on the lower slopes rises from 25 to 28 ° С, a little bit to 40 ° С, and sometimes up to 46 ° С. Near the mountains at wintertime in Greece, the temperature drops below Pro ° C, and the temperature drops to a lower level.
In the Girsk regions, there is a minor genera of asbestos, bauxite, chromite, vugilla, zaliz, lead, lignite, manganese and nickel. Aluminum, nickel and zalizo vykorystovyutsya in the main for the consumer industry. Electricity production in Greece to become 41.5 billion kWh per year, mainly at thermal power plants.
The majority of the population of the land are Greeks; national minorities - small groups of Albanians, Macedonians, Virmen and Turks. My spіlkuvannya in the occasion of Greece to serve as a wiklyuchno Novogretska, which has risen from the classic walnut movi.
Greece - industrial-agrarian land: industry is 27% of the gross domestic product. Naybilsh development is easy and food industry, the products of which are exported to the rich regions of Europe. So, Greece itself is exporting fabrics, textile comrades that swelled. Kharchova industry of the Greek export of olives, olive olia (according to the third edition of the country, it is the third month of Spain and Italy), tyutyun, wines, juices, fruits and vegetables. Among the galuzei of important industries, there are videotapes of bauxite (aluminum ores), nickel ores (95% of the foreign reserves in Western Europe), marmor of old houses, lead ores, medium, medium Obrobny halusi are represented by black and color metallurgy, virobic acids and mineral goodness. Closely 2/3 of Greece's vigilante strains were taken up in the capital, Athens, and the port of Pireus was practically angry with her. There is only one place, which can be seen in Athens for promislovim potential, - Saloniki.
On the scale of the whole land, the Silskoy state dignity has the main place, 25% of the native population is occupied in the new one. Still in 1960-і pp. tsia figure became ponad 50%. 30% of agricultural crops are taken for grain crops, 40% - for pasture. Grassing wheat in the main season, rationally vikoristovuchi winters fall off. For internal use, you will need to grow a beet and a cartopline; in areas with increased logistics є small grow rice. Tyutyun, bavovna, grapes and olives are important for expert culture. Grapes grow at home, tyutyun - at home. Grecia is the third largest olive exporter in the world. More important than the mice of borrowing is the viroshuvannya of citrus fruits. Sheep and kiz are raised on the whole territory of the country. Foxes covered 20% of the territory.
The important thing about the economy is shipfaring. Sea fleet not only tied by the sea parts of the land (all in Greece there are 156 ports), but to serve as a "visitor". Lease of sea vessels by earth companies to bring great income to the country - $ 1 billion dollars.
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BULGARIA
Area - 110.9 yew. Km 2
Population - 8.24 million Chol.
Office mova - bulgarska
GDP - USD 14 billion
Status - Republic
Pivnichna of the bordering Balkan state (which means Rumunia) to pass the bridle of the great European river Danube. At the entrance of Bulgaria between Yugoslavia and Macedonia, at the entrance to Greece and Turechchino. Shidne uzberezhzhya kraini ivaє Chorne more. The coastal region of the Danube is occupied by a large Nizhniy Dunaiska hunchbacked plain, at the descent to cross into the Dobrudzha plateau. In the world of penetration into the land of the land, there is a relativism: there are Balkan mountains (the Bulgarian name is Stara Planina) and less than the visoka girska lantsyug Sredna Gora. At the first entry of Bulgaria, the Girski Massivi Pirin and Rila rose to the highest point of the Balkan Peninsula, Mount Musala (2925 m). The Rhodope is framed by the land for the first time. Mіzh Rhodope and Sredna-Gora roztashovna roducha Verkhnyofrakіyska lowland.
Bulgaria is a republic with parliamentary administrations. The head of the state - the president is going to get rid of the inhabitants of the land for 4 rockets. The progressively active body of the legislative power - the unicameral Narodni Zbori (240 deputies) - is summed up in 4 lines. Groshova Odinitsa Bulgaria - Lev
The climat of Bulgaria is reconciled, at the beginning it is transferred to the middle of the sea. On the valleys, the average temperature is from -2 to 2 ° С, lime trees up to 25 ° С. Great rivers of Bulgaria - Danube, Maritsa.
Bulgaria has 30.8 million tons of lignite, mainly in the feather bed and Old Zagory, and the reserves of cinnamon copalins are insignificant. 40% of electricity is supplied by nuclear power plants, and 60% by heat and hydroelectric power plants. Electricity production in Bulgaria to become 41.8 billion kW · a year.
In the country, they live in the main Bulgarians (close to 85% of the population), є large Turkish community (approximately 10%), Greeks, Tsigani and іnshi people (close to 5%). Most of the population of the land is Orthodox Christians, the deyaka is part of the Bulgarians, both the Bulgarian Turks are Muslims. The capital and the main industrial center - Sofia roztashovana pa rіchtsі Іskir. Plovdiv, another for the size of the Bulgarian town, is inhabited by a warehouse 341 058 people, located in the village of Maritsa.
Industry has the most development of machinery, chorna and color metallurgy, chemical, naphtha and woodworking industry.
Ornі land to become, 37% of the territory of the country, and 19% to become vicarious from the pasture. The Silskoe State Government has a role to play in the production of grain and legumes, as well as tyutyun, vegetables, fruits, grapes, and food crops. Bulgaria is the first month in the world for the export and export of horny oil. Rosvinene meat-and-wool tvarinnystvo.
The main galus of the economy of Bulgaria is the production of machinery, electrical and chemical products, plastics, vegetables, fruits, wine and tyutyunovies.
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RUMUNIA
Area - 237.5 yew. Km 2
Population - 22.6 million Chol.
Office mova - rumunska
GDP - 37 billion USD
Status - Republic
In the winter on the first day of the territory of the country, cross the Carpathian mountains, then go to the Transilvansky Alpi (the most important summit is the mountain of rozkishshu, 2548 m). On the west side, the Transylvanian plateau reaches the height of 400-500 m. Golovna Richka- Danube with tributaries Zhiu, Olt, Siret, Prut. 27% of the territory is occupied by foxes, the chief rank in the hir regions; on the plains, there is a large part of such a roseoran, ferrying stepov and lisostepov roslinness. National Park- Retezat.
Rumunia is a republic. The head of the state is the president. Go to the populations for 4 rocky. The President recognizes the Prime Minister. I will legislate from the parliament, which will form from the election of the deputies and the senate, to be collected in a line of 4 fate. Vishchy administrative body - uryad. Groshova is the unit of Rumunia - lei.
Climat of Rumunia is world-continental with hot summer and cold winter. On the plains, the average temperature is from -5 ° C, in the mountains up to -10 ° C. The temperature of lime trees is 20-23 and 18-16 ° C. The fall falls up to 300-700 mm in the river (in the mountains up to 1500 mm).
In general, the country sees close to 7 million tons of oil and 15.9 billion. cubic meters gas, zooseredzheniye in Kluzhsky family. A vidobutk of brown wood in Petrosheni, at the entrance of the Transilvan Alps, to become 41 million tons per rik. The electrical power industry in Rumunia is to become 59.3 billion kW a year, the leading rank at the TES.
Rumunia is a rich-national power: 89% of the population is Rumanian, from the disputes of the Romance peoples. Ugorts store 7.1% of the population, the stench is in the main Catholic. In the country є nimtsi, Serbs, Bulgarians, єvrei, Virmeni, Greeks and Russians. Especially rich in tsigan, ale statistically dzherela diverge at a given number: from 1 to 2 million Cholovik. the most promislovom centerє Bucharest, sewing on the banks of Dimboviti. Closely 51% of the Romanians live in the Muscovy, and the figure is fast growing. Another for the size of the place is Brasov (323 835 inhabitants).
Rumunia's development has machinery and metal processing. So the very development of black and color metallurgy, chemical, naphtha, woodworking and gourmet industry.
Ornі lands become 46% of the territory of the country, and more 19% become vicarious from the pasture. More than half of the population is occupied by surplus land. In the Silskoy Government, the growing of grain crops directly, the main grain crops - corn and wheat, technical - tsukrovi beetroots, dormouse; vegetable, viticulture, fruitfulness. The breeding of the great horny thinness, pigs, sheep, poultry, and so on itself, is not bred.
By provincial galuzy of economy є machinery and metal processing, black and color metallurgy, chemical, naphtha, woodworking and gourmet industry.
EALTH
Area - 93 yew. Km 2
Population - 10.1 million Chol.
Office mova - ugorska
GDP - 49 billion USD
Status - Republic
The largest part of the Ugorshchina is borrowed from the Serednyodunaiska Rivnina, it is otochened by mountains. Richka Danube to extend the land into two parts. At the turn of the Danube, the Great Serednodunaiska lower reaches spread out, covered by the channels of the Tisi and її tributary. Vona lie on a height close to 200 m above the sea level. On the Danube and the Yew part of the flood. At the beginning of the pivnin, in the ridge of not high girders, there is a point of the Ugorshchyna - the Kekesh River (1015 m). Lands at the entrance to the Danube є to the humpbacked plain. There is also Lake Balaton, the largest in Central Europe, with an area of 600 km2. The lands of the Middle Danube lowlands are actively cultivated, protects close to 18% of the territory of the country, especially on the hills, covered with forests.
Ugorshchina - parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president. The most important legislative body of the sovereign power is the unicameral State Zbori, which can be collected with foreign and direct selections for 4 seats in the warehouse of 386 deputies. The most important body of sovereign government є uryad.
Klimat Ugorshchyna is continental-friendly with cold winter and warm litom... Morskі vіtrі vіrіdka penetrate into the glib of the land. The average temperature of lime trees in Budapest is 22 ° С, and the average temperature is -1 ° С. Scorchous number of fallen down reach 600 mm. The cold period is interspersed with leagues. Snowy cover trims for 30 to 40 days, and the Danube does not often get covered with ice for a trivial hour.
Ugorshchina is not rich in korisny kopalini. At the Seged Basin and the Valley of the Hall, naphtha and gas are being bought, and the country is transferring the evidence of unreconstructed reserves of natural gas. At winter time, 14 million tons of Brown Vugilla are seen, and near the place of Pecs - 2 million tons of Kam'yanii Vugilla. Є Load bauxite, small reserves of gold ore, developed the ancestor of the midi. Electricity production in Ugorshchyna to become 34 billion kW per year, the leading rank at the TES.
The population of the Ugorshchyna will become 10 million Choloviks, 97% of the population - Ugors. Miske population will become 62%. Office mova - ugorska. The capital of the Ugorshchyna is the city of Budapest.
The region has developed black and color metallurgy, mechanical engineering, including Avtobuduvannya, shipbuilding, virobnstvo zasobіv connection, calculating technology, medical possession; cheeky, easy and cheesy.
57% of the territory of the country rose to go to the silkskogospodarskiye, 13% go to the pastoral culture. The staff of the great number of boards and warm lita On the Great Middle-Danish lower reaches, they pick up a lot of corn, wheat, barley, veins, red beets and sleepyheads, grow rice, fruits and vegetables, great vineyards (wine is going to be exported). In the country, there is a great number of pigs - and ptah farms, on a small land of native land to raise sheep and a great horned thinness. 18% of the territory of the Ugors is covered with foils; furniture and paperwork galusi were opened.
Provincial economies of the Ugorshchyna - machinery and possession, chemistry, alumina, silky sirovin and products, virobi light industry.
POLAND
Area - 322.6 yew. Km 2
Population - 38.7 million Chol.
Office mova - polska
GDP - 85 485 million USD
Status - Republic
A large part of the territory of Poland is the lower valley of the valley with a height of up to 200 m above the sea level. Pagorbi tilki at pivdni. The Baltic Uzbek coast is swampy by masses, heavily covered and covered with food dunes. Near the land, it is not very large pagorbi, stretching up to 300 m. The cordon is surrounded by mountains. Sudetes at the first entry of the visit from the rostrum at the exit of the Carpathians by the so-called Moravian Gate. Nayvischі dіlyanka of the Carpathians - Beskidi and Visoki Tatry with the main point of Poland - Mount Risi (2499 m). Є a number of great rivers, zokrem Odra and Visla.
Poland is the parliamentary-presidential republic. The head of the state, the president, turns out to be the head of state - the president, turn around in a line for 5 years, and the Council of Ministers. The legislative body is parliament, which consists of two chambers - the Seim and the Senate. Deputies to the Diet (460 people) I Senator (100 people) Get a term for 4 rock. Groszowa is one of Poland's - zloty.
Climat of Poland is continental with great suvory winters; at the winter of the uzberezhzhya of the baltic, there is a meek and vology. Winter is getting colder in the world of sunshine at weekends and in girski districts on weekdays. Fall off rіvnomіrno vipadayut round rіk, in last hour parts of menace, winter snigov. V winter hour Snigovy trimming is trimmed in the middle 40 days at weekends and 60-70 days at weekends and gatherings. In Gdynia, the temperature of lime is + 17 ° C, and the average temperature is -1 ° C. In Warsaw, it is generally 20 ° C and -3 ° C. The average fall is 660 mm in Gdin and 560 mm in Warsaw.
Poland vidobuvє 190 mln. T. Kam'yanogo vugіll in rіk, luggage roztashovanі head rank in Sіlezkoy basin; also 70 million tons of brown coal on the west side of Warsaw. Інші corysnі kopalini: mid і sіrka, є significant reserves of salt. Є small reserves of oil and natural gas, lead and medium. 75% of the electricity is powered by the CHP, which is mainly powered by Kamyan and brown wood. Minor obligations have naphtha and gas, only one AES. The country has close to 100 GES, especially in the winter.
The population of Poland will become 38.7 million. Poles, 98% are Poles. Population of Miske is 62.1%. Office mova - Polish. The capital of Poland is Warsaw.
Poland has developed textile, sewing, kharchov, shkіryano-swelling, furniture, cement and sklyana industry.
49% of the territory of the country roseorano pid s.-g. guessing, 13% are victorious in the pastoral creation. 30% of the original population is occupied by the Silskoe State. On the European Rivnini rozvineni dairy products and pigs. On top of the common soils, yak food and forage, rotate grain, cartope, beet and oats. On new forest grounds - sow wheat and barley. In the hirsky regions, to breed a great horned thinness and sheep, in the neighboring zones to grow vegetables and fruits.
Poland's provincial economies - automobiles and possessions, chemistry, food and drink, and light industry.
CZECHIA
Area - 78.9 yew. Km 2
Population - 10.3 million Chol.
Office mova - cheska
GDP - 47.3 billion USD
Status - Republic
Bohemia and Moravia enter the warehouse of the land. Bohemia is a plateau, sharpened by the scum of the Bohemian massif. Nayvischi Gori in Krokonoshi. Nayvishy peak - Mount Snizhka (1602 m). The territory of Moravia is covered with coniferous forests. The main river is Laba (Elba) (370 km), if the length of the Vltavi is longer - 430 km. The country has 435 lakes, 21,800 piece ribogospodar rates and free mineral dzherels.
Czech Republic - republic. The head of the state is the president, the parliament has a line of 5 years. Legislating the dominion should be imposed on the parliament, which consists of two chambers - the chamber of deputies and the senate. The Chamber of Deputies (200 members) is based on 4 rockets, and the Senate (81 senators) - by a term of 6 rocky, with 1/3 of the list, there are skin 2 rockets. The viscous vikonavchy organ is the order. Grošov's one of the Czechs is the crown.
Climate in the Czech Republic is continental with a short hot summer and a cold winter. The average temperature in lime in the rural part is close to 20 ° С, and in the mountains 8 - 11 ° С . The average temperatures in the middle range from -1 to -2 ° С, and in the mountains from -5 to -7 ° С.The average temperatures in Praz are -1.5 ° С in the middle and 19.4 ° С in lime trees at 483 mm fall.
Black and Storm vugillya vidobuvayut Bilya Most, Khomugov, Klado, Ostravi and Sokolov. Naybіlshі load of a brown wugіllja get to work near Sokolov (15 million tons per rik). 90% of the viewport of the Black Vugil comes from Ostrava. The country has ample reserves of vapnyak and dry food. 2% of electricity is supplied to the Dukovan NPP near the city of Brno. Another 68% goes from thermal power plants to work on brown coal, and 10% is generated by hydroelectric power plants.
The population of the Czech warehouse is 10.3 million. Among them are Czechs 81.3%, Slovaks 3%. Office mova - cheska. The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague
Cheska metallurgy is based on import syrovin. Among the іnshikh key hallways - vyrobnitstvo cement, cars, chemistry, slope, swelling that tree. Rozvinenі lіsove statehood that woodworking. Cheske beer vіdoma in all svіtі.
Silskogospodarsky will borrow 55% of the territory of the country. The main crops are wheat, tsukrovy beetroots, potatoes, wheat, corn, barley and hmil. Widely rozvinne myasne tvarinnystvo, especially pig-breeding. So it is in the Czech Republic to grow grapes.
The main galus of economics is the production of dairy products and the riboprocessing industry.
SLOVACCINA
Area - 49 yew. Km 2
Population - 5.3 million Chol.
Office mova - Slovak
GDP - USD 18 billion
Status - Republic
Gori Tatri is the most beautiful ridge of the Central Carpathians. find a point Peak Gerlach (2 654 m). On the whole, along the banks of the rivers found in Slovakia, the river Dunaiska Rivnina stretches.
Slovakia is a republic. The head of the state is the president, the parliament gets rid of the secret votes in a line of 5 rockyvs. Legislating the ownership of the National Radio. A unicameral parliament, a line of four. Vishchy Vikonavchy organ - uryad.
Climate in Slovakia is continental with warm summer and cold winter. Planks (close to 400 mm fell off at the rural part and 1000 mm in the mountains fall well over the hinges. lime.
Korisnі kopalini zoseredzhenі head rank in the Slovak ore mountains. On the territory of Slovakia, there are genera of gold ore, surmi, magnesite, manganese. Electricity production in Slovakia warehouses 25.2 billion kW · year.
Population 5.5 million Cholovik. About 87% of them are Slovaks, as well as Ugors, Czechs, Ukrainians and others. Office mova - Slovak. Capital of Slovakia - Bratislava
Slovakia has a rozvinna chavunna, steel-making, cement, sklyana and chemical industry. It is easy and swollen to carry the goods in the transport industry. The third of the area of Slovakia is covered with forests (green, broad-leaved and conifers). Tsim was informed about the development of woodworking industry in the country.
The main culture that grows in Slovakia is wheat, red beetroots, cartoons, barley and corn. In the land, meat and milk cattle breeding.
The main galus of economics is the production of automobiles and possession, products of naphtha-processing, chemical and wood-working industries, the Silskoy government and others.
List of vikoristanoi literature.
1. Dovidnik of the country to the light
View. "Republic" Moscow 1999
Ch. editor I.S. Ivanov
2. Great encyclopedic vocabulary-previdnik
View. "Great Russian Encyclopedia" Moscow 1996
Ch. editor A.N. Prokhorov
3. Encyclopedia for children "Avanta +" volume 13
Krainy. People. civilization
View. "Avanta +" Moscow 2000
Ch. editor V.A. Volodin
4. Atlas of light
View. "OLMA - PRES" Moscow 2000
Ch. editor Philip Steel
Virishiv throw a troch of material, such as some notes about beautiful things in the world for life. Mova, sarcastically about Europe, more precisely about the western part.
Zakhidna Europe is a geographic and, in Pershu Cherga, a political region of Europe, which is a united group of powers with economic and cultural awareness. At the same time, there are deyaki (middle of them provinces) of the country of the EU, as well as Switzerland, Norway and Iceland.
Zakhidna Europe on mapi
All in all, Zakhidna Europe is one of the most economically developed regions of the planet. It’s already richly rocky stably sitting down the first place in the world for the size of the state-owned and industrial marketing, for the reserves of gold and currency, the development of tourism, and for exporting from China. The growing rice of Western Europe takes on a high level of integration processes. Infection of the development of Western Europe, as a region, is established outside all regions of the region, especially the most great and rich - France, Nimechchinoyu, Great Britain or Italy. But the economic part has already gone, about it later.
Richka Amstel, Amsterdam.
Quite capitalism in this exciting beauty is the axis of both Western Europe, some small, ale hard-fought powers, some banks have astronomically stable currency reserves, lordly goodness, Navіki unsupported by the rights of people ... andіnіmі ,іnіmі attributes of a highly discouraged suspension. Historically, Western Europe is the core of Western civilization. The main її ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї і ї ї і і ї і і і і і і і і ї ї ї ї ї ї і ї і і і і і і і ї і ї ї ї ї ї ї і і і і і і і і і ї ї ї ї ї ї ї і ї ї і і і і і і і і і ї і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і і ї.
The historic part of Florence.
Zakhidna Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, the population is being displaced in new one, and a geographic place will begin.
The level of urbanization is close to 85%. Characteristic of rice urbanization of Zakhidnoi Europe - even more so than the concentration of the population in the great places and small agglomerations. Most of them are Londonska, Parizka and Reinsko-Rurska.
At the Silski Mistsevost there are farms and small villages, but everything is one in the main with a small way of life.
The population of Western Europe has a high level of education and professional qualifications, working power here is 20-25% more expensive, not, for example, in the USA. One of those who find productivity in the world is the change of mind for the goodness of the inhabitants of the region.
If you talk about the greatest places, then such є:
1. London (close to 8 million people)
2. Berlin (close to 3.5 million inhabitants)
3. Madrid (close to 3.2 million inhabitants)
4. Rome (close to 3 million inhabitants)
5. Paris (2.3 million inhabitants)
All megalopolises are a fundamental basis in the economy not only of Western Europe, but of the entire European Union. That is not only in the economy. The children of them are special in the world. For example, London is the financial capital of Western Europe, Rome is cultural, and Paris is romantic.
Dilovi blocks of London, Siti district
The majestic (the greatest in Europe) place, the capital of Britain and all the lands of the British community, which is the European analogue of New York, the head financial center not only in Europe, but in the middle of the world, the stars of the far-away geographic position ...
London has a great number of museums and memorials. At the new presence yak Nelzya is more beautiful than the bends of the "British spirit". Misto є OploD of English traditions, the father of Sherlock Holmes and George Byron. Apart from that, here is a lot of money, so it is a part of life.
Nichny Berlin
Berlin of rosetting at the descent of Nimechchin, 70 kilometers from Poland. Berlin has got the rights of the federal state and a whole lot of growth in the middle of the federal state of Brandenburg.
Everywhere, for hours of cold weather in the city, from the initiative of the "NDR" Thus, the axis, in order to unite Nimechchini, is to move at once, through more than 25 years, the East Berlinsky enterprises do not show competition from the past (!).
Summer Berlin is one of three leaders in the field of living of people. A great European transport university and a place with one of the most popular turnovers in the EU. Universities, pre-old institutes and museums of Berlin are seen in all sorts of ways. Artists, diplomats and immigrants live and work at the place of the world.
center of Madrid
Office weekends in Madrid for the evenings
Madrid is the capital of Spain and one of the most beautiful places of the world, with a colossal cultural and artistic decline, shaped by the stretch of the capital of the Roman Empire. Here, the natural rite is to enjoy the modern business center and the old European architecture, the best European clubs, the most outlets, beautiful parks and, in a very simple way, free museums.
It is also not surprising why there are millions of tourists not only from the EU itself, but from the back of the planet.
The way of life of the inhabitants of Madrid is similar to the zagalny image of the life of the ancient Europeans. A lot of people do not get involved (at the same time, it is obvious to live for help with no problems). Tі, hto work, tampering is spokіy і relaxed, the days pass slowly. Sometimes here is such a spec, it’s impossible to get started :)
This photo is broken from, mabut, the most iconic design in Europe - the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul
Park in the center of Rome
Rome is one of the oldest places in the world, the ancient capital of the Roman Empire, the capital of Italy, everlasting place.
Nyomu has a lot of special things. І, before the speech, in this vipadku rely on respect not at all every place is great quantity (more, not in any other world of light) of immemorial memories and cultural sub'ects, but particularities of the life of the world, its ambiguity and self-confidence. I’m talking about it, it’s necessary to live there, or to be very interested in the world. For example, here all the modern office was not guilty but rather high, so you don’t ruin the relaxed atmosphere of the place, but the motley Italian people are only among the most famous patriots in the country. Most of the places are flooded with a sun of chic streets, with absolutely beautiful, most beautiful residential booths, penthouses or expensive villas (especially in the new districts), which are not big in Europe, because of the infrastructure.
Evening panorama of one of the most beautiful places in the world
Wonderful Paris zamikє p'yatirku most placesЄvropi. Tilky Paris won over Rome for a lot of tourists in Rik! On the way from London, Berlin and Rome, in Paris there are a lot of high streets, which add a lull to the place. It’s not a gift of the capital of France to be involved in a romantic place in the world.
Besides, Paris is a hard-working European scientific center. Here is a selection of great pre-Slavic Institutions and the Best Universities. The first glance cannot be more beautiful than the understanding of the "capital". Central political, economic and cultural center of France. To be introduced to the global institutions of the highest rank, to the financial centers. Headquarters of UNESCO and the largest international organizations. Paris is one of the most authoritative places in the world for this year.
subregion Zakhidna Europe
includes offensive lands:
1. Pivnichno European: Dania, Switzerland, Norway, Finland and Iceland.
2. Centrally European: Austria, Nimechchina, France, Great Britain, Switzerland, Ireland, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg.
3. Pivdenno European: Italy, Spain, Portugal.
*It’s crazy, grіkh buv bi didn’t guess Greciyu. I don't want to call it for sure, because it is the understanding of "Western Europe", Gretsiya herself is the master of all Western civilization. Without Old Greece, there was no Europe.
For example, the length of Western Europe from extreme winter (Norway) to the last day (Sicily, Italy) becomes close to 4,800 kilometers, it is classically and natural storage here, in the wilderness, in the long run. For example, if in Oslo or Stockholm the average temperature is close to 6.4 ° C, or 6.6 ° C, for example, then in Berlin it is 10 ° C, London - 10.8 ° C, Rome - 16 ° C, and in the Great Patriotic War in Spain. pіd 20 ° C. In the last two months of growth pick up a round rick.
Suvora Pivnichna Europe, Norwegian fiordi, is even beautiful.
Pivnichna Europe, Eresunsky Mis-Tunnel, which is from Dania and Sweden through the cold Eresund channel. The fare for a trip by car is 49 €, and for those who are not old enough - discounts up to 75%.
Center of Western Europe, Austria, reference European pride, burn Alpi. Among the Austrian, Russian, Italian, French and Swiss Alps. Oskіlki all tse are conservatively capitalistic Zakhіdna Europe, services and infrastructure there are at the best price, and the prices are insured at the European salaries.
Center of Western Europe, at once Niderlandi, tulip fields. Navigate through the photo to seep the spirit of true and technological! First, in the Netherlands, in the land, there are canals everywhere, and the most dense population in Europe! De, zdavalsya b, is not a mice for any plantation. And they took the stench and shattered. That yak!
Malovnichy nature is always sleepy Pivdennaya Europe, in this vypadnu bіsa specotna Pіvdenna Portugal.
And at the same time one of the number of small Italian villas in the period of Venice, also known as Western Europe.
* problem
But not everywhere people live so rosy and safely as in the same Venice, Munich (Munich, before the speech, the best place is ЄC) or London. There are two regions, like Sicily and Calabria, de Europeans live, so to speak, more modestly. I want to live there colossally more, but not, for example, in Moscow, about celebrating Russian emigrants, beyond the worlds of Western Europe itself - Sicily and Calabria - to complete these regions. Most importantly, it is an offense to smelt in Italy, the center and most of the way to go to the smallest places for living in the world.
One of the most popular streets in Palermo, Sicily
The reasons for everything. The main stench is historical. Perche, the number of emigrants from the land is majestic in Sicily. Pivnichnoi in Africa, Skhidnoi Europeі Russia, at what it is legal, so і dumb. Also one of the main factors is the presence of even more serious all kinds of Sicilian mafia. Done to all the tsyy pofigizm (zoosuly, in Western European worlds) of the modern italians and unbearably hot climate and ... see those, scho є. Protest, on tlі reshti to the Sunset of Europe, the scale of "bіdnostі" (і that, velmy and velmi mind) Sicily and Calabria - superbly small. *
Also tsikavoyu є as statistics:
Statistics of average salaries for the month by regions in Western Europe (green), as well as in all regions of Europe. Dani is already given a net salary, so that it is also due to the payment of taxes, such a rank of showing a net income.
Otzhe, yak bi there was no bulo, Zakhidna Europe is one of the most advanced regions of the world. Vaughn has been pouring in і food in pouring in svitov policy and economy. There are more than 450 years BC here. democracy was born. Zakhidna Europe became the center of economic and social innovations. Such important criteria of civilization progress, such as universal development of specialness, quality of life, human rights, principles and mechanisms of the social life і Goethe, Mikelangelo і Rembrandt, yes Vinci and Beethoven, Bach and Mozart and more. Zahidna Europe spokonvіku bula i go core economical progress, like a legacy, practically all regions of the subregion are referred to the most important ones in the world.