The structure of the government of foreign Europe is short. Silske State Dignity of Foreign Europe
Overseas Europe was able to achieve gratitude to the end of the highly productive silskoe domination. The land of the central part of the world is not only in the snake of providing food for the entire population, but it has a great deal of its own є great exporters of food and drink. If we are afraid of the first galusa, then we will blame the dairy cattle-breeding in the powers of Europe. In the Russian region there are such things as city and garden. Deyaki krayny are also the largest exporters of cereals, mainly wheat.
Silske the statehood of foreign Europe: part of an active population
Pislya Other light warriors in the economy of the powers that be in the region have seen serious changes. The part of the active population occupied by the Silskoe state government has significantly decreased. It is linked to the development of new intensive methods of virobnitting, to the promotion of the goodness of the population and bagatma by other factors. However, serious ideas about the surrounding regions have been saved in the whole plan. For example, in Great Britain in 2005, in the Silk-and-Gospodarskiy halls, close to 1.4% of the entire active population was occupied, in Portugal - 19%, and in Rumunia - 42%. The situation is similar to the current one.
Basic types of information
Specialization, which by right can be written to the Silskoy foreign Europe, Є subtropical farming. The main part of the import of food products from the central part earthly coo store grapes, fruits, zukor and wines. Another place is occupied by dairy products - milk, meat, sir, butter.
In such a rank, the main type Silskoy government foreign Europe as follows:
- Middle-European with brewed food (mainly dairy) in structures.
- Pivdennoeuropeyskikh z perevazhannyy roslinnitva, in the main subtropical.
It is also possible to see a skidno-European type of the Silskoy state dignity, on the other hand, the mensh of specializations. This kind of organization is characteristic of the powers of the colish socialist camp.
middle European type
The land of foreign Europe, with such an organization of the Silskoy government, specializes in the main meat and milk production and fodder production. It is also possible to reach the same important food in the cich powers
Tvarinnystvo
Dairy cattle breeding is especially good in the backwoods of England, at celebrations of Nimechchin and France, in the Netherlands, Denmark and Switzerland. Butter, margarine, thickened milk and Siri are becoming a significant part of the import of products from the cich regions. Nimechchina, France, Netherlands and Dania have even more resources in meat and dairy cattle, pigs and poultry. I have a significant part in the structures of the Silskoy State Department and I borrow in Great Britain. In the regions with a small forage base (Scotland, Central Massif in France, Pennini), the development of non-development was traditionally extensive.
Roslinnystvo
Silskoe the statehood of the foreign Europe, when talking about the ancient and provincial regions, as it has already passed away, specializing in the main on the basis of creativity. Roslinstvo in the countries from the middle-European type of its organization call for a borderline role and organization, persh for everything, for the help of cattle and pig breeding. Two five lands of the central part of the foreign Europe are occupied by bows and pastoralists. On crumbly soils, they tend to grow in the main cartope, rye, oats; In the first place, the price can be brought to France. At the present moment, the power is, for example, one of the largest importers of wheat and tsukru.
kvitnikarstvo
Silske the statehood of the foreign Europe in the brewery and the organization in the main on fodder growing. However, in the whole region there is still one more kindly rooted pidgaluz - kvitnikarstvo. Specialize in New York in the main Netherlands. Vyroshuvati cybulin and village-chagarnikov decorative roses in the whole country have been around for a long time - more than 400 years ago. First tulips were brought to Netherlands from Turecchini. For a small advance in an hour in Holland, there have been boules of thousands of varieties and varieties of prices. At the present time, Netherlands is one of the largest suppliers of decorative roses - tulips, trojands, chrysanthemums, daffodils, etc. - in the light.
Characteristics of the Silskoy Gospodarstvo of foreign Europe: pivdenny type
For the countries with such an organization is characteristic of specialization in Russia. Wandering in powers including grain. However, the most popular are such cultures, yak migdal, citrus fruits, vegetables and fruits. Grapes and olives occupy the left-hand part of the Silskogospodarsky vyrobnisttva.
Naybіlsh yaskravimy butts of specialization on subtropical cultures є pіvedennі, adjacent to the sea areas and Іspanії and Italy. Ostannya zaymaє, for example, is the best way to pick grapes in the world. The harvest of vegetables in Italy is 14-15 million tons, fruits, citrus fruits and grapes - 18-18 million tons. It is also here that vegetables, viticulture and citrus gardening are not degraded. As for the collection of olives, the Spanish loan goes for the first time in the world.
Scheduled European type
Silske the statehood of such countries, such as Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, etc., has evolved in special economic minds. In the middle of the last century in the whole region, colgospi and radhospi were actively promoted. There is no reason to be sure of this, whether it be a very popular specialization of the land of foreign Europe in the Silk state. Big mensch clearly showed up in vyroshuvanny vegetables, tyutyun, fruits and grapes. Rozvinene in the cich regions and grain government. The Ugorshchina approached especially bad successes in the whole process of development. The grain yield in the whole country is 50 centners per hectare. Per capita, the population has a fall of 1400 kg. Rumunia, Bulgaria, Serbia and Croatia mainly grow vegetables, fruits and grapes.
Silske State Dignity of Foreign Europe (table):
Type of Silskoy statehood | straight | Land |
|
Tvarinnystvo | Roslinnystvo |
||
middle European | Milk, meat and milk | Fodder crops, vegetables, potatoes, grains, kvitnikarstvo | France, Nimechchina, Great Britain, Dania, Switzerland, Netherlands |
vivcharity | France, UK |
||
pivdenno-European | Gardening, viticulture, olives, citrus | Italy, Spain |
|
Skhidnoevropeysky | Grain, gardening, viticulture, vegetable production | Poland, Bulgaria, Ugorshchyna |
|
The axis of such an axis is approximately the rank behind the galuzes and pidgaluzes, which has been raised by the statehood of the foreign Europe. The table, slyly, is no worse than a lecture, but even about the structure of the hallway.
Naturally change your mind about the development of the Silskoy government:
The position of a large part of the Foreign Europe (beyond the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen) in the world and subtropical zones,
positive temperature regimeі vysok moisture supply stretching all the way (vinyatok - the Seredzemnomorya region, de stiyke farming will require a piece crop),
The discovery of natural onions and pastoral ugid, friendly for growing bagatokh species of agricultural crops (grain, technical, subtropical and inn.) Development of food.
The main shortcoming in the complex of friendly minds is the obvious interconnection of the resources of the Silk and Gospodar lands.
The region will increase its consumption in the products of the Silskoy state gifts for the rakhunok of the vasy food, and for the other types (grain, meat, milk and dairy products, sugar, egg)
For the Foreign Europe, in general, the characteristic tvarinnytsky profile of the Silskoy state dignity, meat earned. Head yogo galuz - cattle breeding, over dairy and dairy-meat directly.
There are three main types of the Silskoy dignity from the natural and historical minds in the region:
1. Pivnichnoeuropean type typical for such countries, such as Norway, Finland, Great Britain, Switzerland. For the whole type, it is characteristic of an intensive milk production, and in the Roslin production, a variety of fodder crops.
2. middle European type meet the dairy and milk-meat production, as well as pigs and poultry production. Dania, called "the dairy farm of Europe" - is one of the most popular vyrobniks and exporters of olia, milk, eggs in the world. Roslinnitsvo type does not only provide service staff, but it’s safe to consume the population in foodstuffs. The main grain crops are wheat, barley, corn, rye. Approximately 1/3 of the grain harvest falls on a piece of France - the only great exporter in the region.
Of the other types of agricultural products, the role of cartopline production (seen by France, FRN, Great Britain, Poland), red buryaks (France, FRN, Poland).
3. pivdenno-European type (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, new Balkan countries) to recognize the significant growth of growth over the bread-and-butter creation. The most important place in the crop is to take grain crops, ale galuzzi of the international specialization є the variety of fruits, grapes, olives, migdal, tyutyun, ethereal crops. According to the collection of olives, the selection of grapes and the variety of wines in the world of Italy, from the export of oranges - Spain, from the export and export of horned oil - Bulgaria.
Zarubizhna Europe - the area of the rozvineny ribalism... The regions of the yogo land (Iceland, Norway, Portugal) are brought up to the number of leaders of maritime ribalism.
Transport of foreign Europe
Zarubizhna Europe is a region of high-grade transport. The regional transport system is carried out to the Western European type. The framework is used to establish the main lines of the latitudinal and meridian straight lines. Transport lines around the regions may be either radial (single-center) configuration (France), or multi-center (FRN). There are transport universities in the mountains, both overland and waterways. Such universities are on the day and on the sea port, which serves as a service in advance of international transportation.
For the distance of transportation of foreign Europe, the USA and Russia do not, but for the safety of the transport border and intensity, the price is far ahead of it.
The leading role in the transported vantages and passengers in the transport automobile transport(Highways of international significance: Lisbon - Paris - Stockholm, London - Frankfurt am Main - Week - Belgrade - Istanbul, etc.).
Outbound transport v Zakhidniy Europe to speed up, and in Skhidniy Europe will become the main species, which will be transported for a whole lot of people in the region.
thick hedgehog zaliznyts overflows the Zakordonnu Europe in latitudinal and meridional direction. Main latitudinal main lines: Lisbon - Madrid - Paris - Berlin - Warsaw (distant to Minsk and Moscow), London - Paris - Week - Budapest - Belgrade - Sofia - Istanbul (distant to Blizky Shid), Paris - Prague (distant to Kiev). Long-distance routes: Amsterdam - Brussels - Paris - Madrid - Lisbon, London - Paris - Marseille, Copenhagen - Hamburg - Frankfurt am Main - Zurich - Rome, Gdansk - Warsaw - Week - Budapest - Belgrade - Afini.
river transport to the region of good accusations of the presence of water routes, where the meridian (Rhine) and latitude (Danube) are right. The Rhine has a particularly large transport network, which transports 250-300 million tons of vantages to the river. Not long ago, it was introduced into the waterway path, which is not a long time ago;
International significance May sea transport. In the Bagatokh regions of Europe, there is a lot of sea transport in vantazhoobіgu. For example, France, Netherlands, Ireland won 4/5, and Great Britain - 9/10. It is of great importance to provide service for the type of transport at sea ports: London, Hamburg, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Le Havre, Marseille, Genoa. The largest of them is Rotterdam, which will become close to 300 million tons in Rik є the largest port of the world. great port Europe, by day, has been re-created at once in one port-industrial complex.
Also in the foreign Europe of accusations pipeline and turns transport.
The other half of the 90s had a storage building and soon came to a truly grand project of the establishment of a single transport network in Europe. Win transferring the formation of nine transport corridors between the entrance and exit of Europe, with a length of 17 thousand km. The leather corridor will be a polymagistral, which includes highways and long roads, and the Danube corridor is another waterway. Two such corridors will pass through Moscow: Berlin - Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow and Helsinki - St. Petersburg - Moscow - Kiev - Chisinau - Bucharest.
Zarubizhna Europe - the main center international tourism... Here the development of all kinds of tourism was started. As a country-leader of international tourism, it is unaware to go to Spain, France and Italy. Until the number of the most popular regions, the number of tourists included are Great Britain, Federal Republic of People's Republic, Austria, Switzerland, Greece, Portugal, Czech Republic, Ugorshchyna. And in such microdisciplines, such as Andorra, San Marino, Monaco, tourist services serve as the main source of income (up to 100 tourists per skin resident).
Among the foreign countries of Europe, there are widespread tourist and recreational areas and two types - Primorski (Seredzemnomor'ya) and Girski (Alpi).
In addition, tourists will appreciate the historical monuments of Europe, Mista Paris, Rome, Madrid, London, Amsterdam, Vyden, Dresden, Prague, Budapest, Venezia, Naples, Afini and іn.
Science and finance for the region.
Behind the butt "selikonovie valleys" in the United States in foreign Europe, there is also a large number of pre-historic parks, technopoles, but some of them are located in the areas of Cambridge (Great Britain), Munich (FRN). In France, in the Nice region, the so-called "valley of high technology" is taking shape.
Foreign Europe has 60 out of 200 of the largest light banks. Provincial in the whole sphere of Switzerland (half of all valuable porches in the world). We will stay for an hour in the land-banker, having re-created Luxembourg. The largest financial center is London.
Ecological problems for the region Significantly sharpened at the hour of the day. number environmental problems tied with:
Anthropogenic snakes to the landscape, tied with a species of cinnamon copalins and other species of human activity;
Sleeping and cheeky cork of a high-ash firewood (in the middle of a brown wood);
Razmіshennya on the banks of rivers and sea uzberezhzhi a number of places and agglomerations, industrial facilities;
Expansion of acid plates;
Growing capacity of cars (250-300 cars per sq. Km.);
Spontaneous development of tourism in a number of districts;
Accidents of tankers at the approaches to Europe (especially the English Channel)
best ecological situation go to the UK, FRN, Belgium, Poland and in. In general, in the general part of the region, the ecological situation is girsh, not in the past.
In the given hour of all the country, the region is to pursue a state-owned environmental policy and to live all the young entrances from the protection of the midst.
6. Geographic baby of the rozselennya and the government.
The territorial structure of the population and the statehood of foreign Europe was formed in the 19th century, since the chief official was natural resources. In a given hour in the region there are close to 400 metropolitan areas and close to 100 industrial districts. The most significant of them are located in the boundaries of the so-called "central development", as it stands on the territory of eight regions (Great Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, FRN, Italy, Austria, Switzerland). We will cut the axis of the axis to serve the head of the Rhine - Ron line. 120 million people live in the borderlands, and it is close to half of the entire economic potential of foreign Europe. In the region, you can see a number of smaller "axes" of a smaller scale (industrial-ministerial belt of sleeping cordons Poland, Czech and FRN; Danube "vis"; smugi uzdovzh naftoprovod_v; deyakі primorskі zones).
Industrial districts and foreign Europe are cleverly divided into chotiri groups:
1. high-rise districts, We are among the most sophisticated technologies, science and technology companies, most banks, birzhi, headquarters of monopolies, provincial science establish, etc.:
Metropolitan regions of Great London and Great Paris;
Pivdenny district of the Federal Republic of Germany with centers in Stuttgart and Munich;
- "promisloviy trikutnik" Milan-Turin-Genoa in Italy;
Industrial-Misc agglomeration Randstad in the Netherlands and in.
2. old industrial districts, De perevazhayut basic halusi, scho came out on the 19th, on the cob on the 20th table:
Ruhr at FRN;
Lancashire, Yorkshire, Holy Wales near Great Britain;
Elsas and Lorraine with France;
Verkhnyo-Selezsky district in Poland;
Ostravsky district in the Czech Republic and in.
3. Відсталі agrarian regions, De dohid per capita, the population is lower, more than the occupation of the population - the Silskoe domination:
Pіvden Іtalії;
Zakhid France;
Central and western part of Spain;
Portugal;
Greciya and ін.
4. Areas of new development:
Pivnichna part of Scandinavia;
Aquatoria of the Pivnichnaya Sea.
X FACTORY FOREIGN E-Vropi. Lesson plan: 1. Misce of foreign Europe in the Holy State. Vidmainnosty between the countries. 2. Promise: head galusies. 3. Silske Gospodarstvo: Three Basic Tipi. 4. Transport: main main lines and universities. GOVERNMENT OF FOREIGN EUROPE.
1. Misce of foreign Europe in the Holy State. Vidminnostі between countries. Overseas Europe has become the largest center of the light economy. Yak can be seen on little 1, її total GDP becomes 29% of svit, won the first place in the world trade and led in the sphere of gold and foreign exchange reserves. Small. 1 The economic motz of the region will start the chotiri of the land-members of the "Great Family". "England - Batkivshchyna technical progress, And yogo forge - Nimechchina "- wrote Karl Marx. Tsі kraїni volodіyut a wide range of іznіh galuzej and virobnіtv. Misce of foreign Europe in the Holy State. Vidmainnosty between the countries.
land Skhidnoi Europe... A special place on the economic map of the region is occupied by the territory of the European Union (div. Map). Tse postsocialistic land, a trivial hour in its social and economic development is focused on Radiansky Union(And Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bilorusia, Ukraine, Moldavia were part of the new one), now it is more "to marvel" not at Skhid, but at Zakhid Europe. Naturally, such a change of orientation is a great inflow on the Galuzev and territorial structure of the movement of the cikh lands. The most economical countries of the overseas Europe are Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Sweden. Eko- ka tsikh krayn specializes in ahead of them on the outskirts. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the regions of foreign Europe (in US dollars): FRN $ Poland 3400 $ France $ Latvia 3200 $ Italy $ Czechia 3500 $ Finland $ Ukraine 900 $ Greece $ United Kingdom $ Skidnoї Europe.
Promise: head galusies. Gospodarsky viglyad of foreign Europe and begin with the development of the promiso east. Already over 200 years of industry є a special foreign-made Europe in the international geographical development. ENGINEERING HІMІCHNA PROMISLOVІST PALIVNO-ENERGETICHNY Gospodarstwa METALS Lisova PROMISLOVІST easily PROMISLOVІST Osoblivostі Economy zarubіzhnoї Єvropi Visokiy tehnologіchny rіven rozvitku Visoka eksportne tovarіv i poslug Nayavnіst visokokvalіfіkovanih robіtnichih kadrіv Nayavnіst resursіv high growth small and middle school industry Industry: head galusies.
MACHINE BUILDING Part of machine building in Europe's industrial products. Part of the machine building in export industrial productsЄvropi. Mashinobuvannya - "industrial exposure" of foreign Europe, like viroblya literally everything: from simple metal virobov to lithuania. Yak can be seen from the diagrams, foreign Europe is the most popular virobnik and exporter of cars and installation. Machine-building is heavy to great places and agglomerations Machine-building is heavy to great places and agglomerations, as it is based on labor resources, science base and infrastructure. Ale є such land of de von is presented practically in the skin to fill the great city. The country of the de von is presented practically in the skin to the great world of Dali MACHINERY
A particularly great development was neglected by the automotive industry. "RENO" France "VOLKSWAGEN" Nimechchina "MERCEDES" Nimechchina "TATRA" Czechia "Ikarus" Ugorsk region "FIAT" Italian (Factory Italian Automobile Torino) "VOLVO" Swiss industry Automobile.
Map "Zarubizhna Europe. Machine building ”.
Card "Automobile backwaters of Nimechchini"
ХІМІЧНА INDUSTRY Loans to another place in the foreign Europe for machine-building. Yak can be seen on the map, which may be seen on the map of all the lands of the foreign Europe with the highly degraded and high promises, and the very “chemi- zations” of the land are not only Europe, but the light of the FRN. The most important centers of chemical industry in Europe є: 1. Rotterdam (Netherlands) 2. Rursky (Nimechchina) 3. Lower Seine (France) 4. London (Great Britain) 5. Lower Rhone (France) and see the map. ... map Dali KHIMICHNA PROMISLOVISTS
Rotterdam Rurskiy Lower Seine London Lower Rhone Map "Chemistry of Foreign Europe"
PALIVO-ENERGY GOVERNMENT European countries It is based on government resources (naphtha and gas on the shelf of the Pivnichnaya Sea, Vugilla FRN, Great Britain, Poland, Czech Republic, etc.), as well as on the imported countries of the country, which are developing in Russia. In the lands of the Pivnichnoy and Pivdennoy Europe, it is more important to have hydraulic resources, div. Diagram 1, so for example, in Norway, Sweden, a great part of the electricity is on the HES. The most promising gidrovuzol on the Danube at 70 RR. in the gorge Zalizni gates with the spilny zusillas of Rumunia and Yugoslavia (div Fig. 3) rice. 2. The region is leading in the light of the development of nuclear power (div. Table 4), especially France (div. Diagram 2), Belgium, Nimechchini, Slovakia, Bulgaria. The region already has more than 80 AEC. Malunok 2. Fig. 3 GES "Zalіznі gates" Table 4 Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Dalі of the fire-energetic GOVERNMENT
GeoTES Alternative dzherela elektroenergii.
Part of the AES in the outbound electrical energy distribution in the regions,%.
In general, in foreign Europe there is a great part of the electric power to go to the TES, the stench is on the basis of the paternalism of the pool, but it is so self-induced in the seaports (on the basis of the pallets) great places... You can see it from the diagrams, the country of foreign Europe translates 1/4 of the electricity, but it is only 2 months away from the United States, if Norway takes 1 place in the world according to the energy production of the population. Diagram: A part of the regions near the electrical power industry. Dali Virobnystvo electricity per capita
CHORNA METALURGIYA Naystarisha galuz was formed in the regions of the form of a paliva or a gold ore syrovin: in Nimechchin (Ruhr, Saar), Great Britain (Pivnichno - Shid), in France (Lorraine), in Spain), in ), Czechia (Ostravsko-Karvinsky district) (marvel at the map) PIVNICHNO-SHIDNY Saarsky Lorraine Aviles LJUZH verkhnyo Silezky OSTAVSKO-Karvinsky і s p and n і I w r a n c і I P r G UK and the Czech Republic u z l about in z and e probes of n and e n i i: - great regions of black metallurgy, formed in the regions of the fuel type and sirovini; - great centri black metallurgy, formed on the basis of grains; - name the area. Rurskogo Piznish galuz was reoriented to grab the syruin and the ear moved to the sea port - Taranto (Italy), Dunkirk (France), Galats (Rumuniya) - orders for the supply of syruin from SNS. Taranto І t a l і y Dunkirk Galats R u m і n і y Kolorova metallurgy CHORNA METALURGIYA
KOLIOROVA METALURGY A lot of color metallurgy, aluminum and common industry. Aluminum industry - to develop in the lands rich in bauxite (France, Italy, Ugorshchina, Greece) or cheap electricity (Norway, Switzerland, Nimechchina, Austria). Mіdna promyshіst - it was funded for the power of the country and took away the greatest development from Nimechchina, Italy, Poland and the Union Republic of Serbia and Chornogoria. - the land, de aluminin, the industry to develop for the rakhunok vlsoy sirovini; - the country, de aluminum industry, to develop for the market of cheap electricity; - the country, in which the greatest development was rejected by the mainstream industry. F r a n c і y G e r m a n і ya І t a l іy Switzerland Austria Ugorsk Serbia and Chornohorii Gretsia Poland Norway Aluminum workshop Lisova and light industry REFERENCE METALLURGY
LISOVA INDUSTRY Lisova prominence is based on the power of the resources and has been transformed into an international specialization in Switzerland and Finland. EASY INDUSTRY On the cob of the 20th century, the easy prominence of foreign Europe took over a large camp in the world. However, as a result of the fast growing production of fabrics, the growth and swelling in the lands, where there is a wide and cheap import of these goods, in the light industry of foreign countries a crisis has come. In a given hour, the exchange of textile districts from Great Britain, France to Europe will be transferred, de reserve cheap work force. Thus, Portugal re-made itself into the head "sewing factory" of the region, and Italy was leading the way in the production of whipping and doing only to China. Lisova and light industry
Silske Gospodarstvo: Three Basic Tipi. Overseas Europe will take care of the main types of agricultural products and її large exporter. The main type of agricultural enterprise has become a large highly mechanized farm. Bagatogaluzeva is a great farm (France) Silske Gospodarstvo: three main tips.
. PІVDENNO-ЄVROPEYSKY (perevazhannya roslinnitstva, virobnitstvo fruktіv, citrus, olives, grapes that іn The regіonі sklalisya three tipis sіlskogo Gospodarstwa - pіvnіchnoєvropeyskih (perevazhannya іntensivnogo milk tvarinnitstva i obslugovuyuchogo Yogo roslinnitstvo) serednoєvropeyskogo (perevazhannya milky m'yasnogo tvarinnitstva, svinarstva i ptahіvnitstva , a part of the green lands is occupied by fodder crops)
Transport T: HEAD MAGISTRAL І VUZLI. "The Sontsya Road" Іtalia Zarubіzhna Europe is a region of highly degraded transport. For the safety of the transport system, Europe borrows 1 month in the world. ? Is there a lot of transport margins in Europe itself? (Div. Map) TRANSPORTATION: HEAD MAGISTRAL І VUZLI.
Altogether, small cities stimulated the development of automobile transport, for which the main role was not only in the transport of passengers, ale and vantages. (Div. Diagram) Automobile field traffic of the sea pipeline Diagram: Part of the types of transport in transported - (France) Passengers ska motorway "Pivnich - Pivden." Marvel at the map 2). Marvel at the card 2 MAP 2 Transport on the hem of Europe
TransEuropean Magistral "PIVNICH - YUG" Trans'European Magistral
The configuration of Europe's transport hedge is even more collapsible. Alle the main frame is set up the main lines of latitudinal and meridional straight lines. Mr. longwall ZALІZNICHNІ MAGІSTRALІ: BREST BERLІNVARSHAVA Dali Mіnsk, Moscow LONDON VІDEN BUDAPEST BЄLGRAD Sofiya Istanbul Prague Dali to Kiev AMSTERDAM BRUSSELS BARCELONA MADRID LISBON PARIS MARSEILLE STOCKHOLM Copenhagen HAMBURG ZURICH ROME Gdansk AFІNI Frankfurt-MAYNІ SCHEME bunt ZALІZNICHNIH MAGІSTRALEY ZARUBІZHNOЇ ЄVROPI BUCHAREST KISHINІV latitudinal napryamku: 1) Brest-Paris-Berlin-Warsaw-Minsk-Moscow; 2) London-Paris-Week Budapest-Belgrade-Sofia-Istanbul (distance to Blizkiy Skhid); 3) Paris-Prague-Kiev ... MERIDIONAL DIRECTION: 1) Amsterdam-Brussels-Paris-Madrid-Lisbon; 2) Stockholm-Copenhagen-Hamburg-Frankfurt-am-Main-Zurich-Rome; 3) Gdansk-Warsaw-Week Budapest-Belgrade-Afini. The framing of high-shvidk_snyh zaliznits is expanding. DALI HEADS ROOM MAGISTRAL:
The main rychkovy whores: The main rychkovy highways є the Rhine and the Danube, which also may be the meridian and latitudinal straight. (Viznach, krystyuchis potato, what a direct Rhine, and yak Danube?) Great transport is the waterway (channel) Rhine-Main-Danube, so-dinivshiy Pivnichne and Chorne sea(Div. Fig.) Waterway Rhine-Main-Danube At the places of passage of land and water transport routes, there are great transport universities and port-industrial complexes. Port industrial complexes
PORT AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES: There are a number of international ports, which are located in the rychok, for some characteristic development of the sea state and “port industry” operating on the import of Syrovin. They include Rotterdam, London, Hamburg, Antwerp, Marseille and other. (Div. Takozh pidruchnik babies "Plan for the Port of Rotterdam) PPK Marseille-Fos (France) PORT-PROMISLOVI COMPLEXES
At Zakhidniy Europe, natural pereskodi cease to be an unbreakable pereshkoda for transport links. Proryty long-distance tunnel and automobile tunnels in the Alps, with the equipment of a private tunnel through the English Channel. Cross the river to cross the shores of Baltiysky, Pivnichniy and Seredzemny sea... Highway bridges are thrown across the Bosphorus channel. tunnels in the Dovzhin Alps tunnel approx. 50 km (including 37 km by water). Shvidkіsny train completes the distance from London to Parіzh (block 450 km) in 3 years, travel down the English Channel takes 30 hilin. Tunnel in front of the English Channel. Two bridges are thrown across the Bosphorus. Їх span over 1 km. Zavdyaki Six-row ruchus bridges hanging overhead throughput... Channel Bosphorus Tunnels and bridges
Tunnels and bridges (continued)
Specialization of the region of Europe