Shidne uzberezhzha of the Pacific Ocean. Pacific Ocean: one third of the planet Earth

Geographic location

The Great, or the Pacific, Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth. On the th part of the fall, close to half (49%) of the area and more than half (53%) of the waters of the Svitovoy Ocean, and the area of ​​the surface is as large as a third of the entire surface of the Earth as a whole. For a few (close to 10 thousand) I home area(Up to 3.5 million km 2) islands in the middle of the Earth.

On a personal visit and call Pacific Ocean bordering the shores of Eurasia and Australia, at the winter descent and descent - by the banks of the Pivnichnaya and Of America... Mezha z Pivnichny Freezing ocean carried out through the Bering canal at the bottom of the Pivnichnaya Polar Cola. Pivdennaya boundary of the Pacific Ocean (so the very yak of the Atlantic and Indian) embraces the pivnichny coast of Antarctica. When the Pivdenny (Antarctic) Ocean is seen, the pivnichny cordon should be conducted along the waters of the Svitovoy Ocean in the fallowness according to the regime surface waters from the latitudes to the Antarctic. Vaughn pass approximately between 48 and 60 ° N latitude. (Fig. 3).

Small. 3. Between oceans

Cordonies with the oceans of Australia and the Old America can also be guided cleverly over the water surface: from the Indian Ocean - from the South East Point to the South East Point at about 147 ° to the East, the Atlantic Antarctic Ocean to the East There is a wide range of connections with the other oceans on the continent of the Pacific and on the other part of the Indian Ocean through the intermediate seas and channels of the Zond Archipelago.

The area of ​​the Pacific Ocean from the Bering Channel to the shores of Antarctica is 178 million km 2, the volume of water is 710 million km 3.

Private and western (Eurasian) shores of the Pacific Ocean are divided by seas (їх ponad 20), tributaries and channels, great p_vostrova, Islands and archipelagos of mainland and volcanic hiking. Take care of Skhidnoi Australia, the new part Wine of America and especially of the Indian America, as a rule, straight lines and important accessibility from the side of the ocean. With a great surface area and linear dimensions (from 19 thousand km from the approach to the scale and close to 16 thousand km from the first day), the Pacific Ocean is characterized by a weak development near the mainland (only 10% of the sea area).

In the intertropical expanse, the Pacific Ocean is characterized by the purchase of volcanic and coral islands.

Ocean bed, mid-ocean ridges and transition zones

Until now, we have seen a different point of view on food about an hour of exploring the Pacific Ocean in the most recent viglyad, but, obviously, until the end of the Paleozoic era on the second street of the city, having already experienced the great water, as well as the ancient times ekvatora. Today, the shape of the majestic tributary of the ocean, Tethys, has sprung up, the development of what and invasion in Pangea has called for the shape of the more continents and oceans.

The bed of the bitter Pacific Ocean approved by the system lithospheric plates Surrounded on the side of the ocean by mid-ocean ridges, which are part of the global system of mid-ocean ridges in the Svitovoy Ocean. Tse Skhidno-Pacific Ridge and Pivdenno-Tikhookeansky Ridge, yak, reachable in small widths up to 2 yew. Km, in the first part of the ocean, one can meet between oneself and trivially to the west, in the middle of the Indian Ocean. The Skhidno-Pacific Ridge, drag on to the winter skid, to the shores of Pivnichnaya America, in the region of the Californian inlet, will be bound by the system of continental rift fractures in the Californian-Rose Valley, Yosemite Valley. The very middle ridges of the Pacific Ocean to the top of the ridges of the larger oceans do not see clearly rotated axial rift zones, but rather are characterized by intense seismic and volcanoes due to the overwhelming of ultraboundary zones of the Pacific Ocean. On the whole stretch of the middle ridge and adjacent to them, the slabs of the slabs are crossed by glib transverse breaks, for which are also characteristic development of the current, especially, the old intra-plate volcanism. Roztashovans between middle ridges and surrounded by glide-water troughs and transitional zones, the great bed of the Pacific Ocean can be easily divided into a surface, which folds from a large number of valleys with glides from 5000 to 7000 m, more, sometimes by one earthly oceans folded walk around. The relief of the bottom of the ulogovin is overwhelmingly hump. Naybіlsh glibokі streets (close to 7000 m or more): Central, Zakhidno-Marianska, Fіlіppіnska, Pіvdenna, Pіvnіchno-Shіdna, Skhіdno-Karolіnska.

Uplands emerged one from one or crossed arches by uplifts or sloping ridges, on the slopes of volcanic ridges, in the intertropic expanse, often surrounded by coral spores. The tops of them stand over the water at the sight of other islands, often grouping in line-by-line archipelagos. Deyakі from them up to cich pіr є emitting volcanoes, which diverge flows of basalt lava. The volcanoes have died out, aroused by coral reefs. Some of these volcanic mountains are located at depths of 200 to 2000 m. the encampment is gliboko under the water, obviously tied to the sinking of the bottom. They call this type guyots.

Particular interest in the middle of the archipelagos of the central part of the Pacific Ocean є Hawaiian Islands. The stench is made of lancers stretching 2500 km, going on a private and a week along the Pivnichniy path, and the peaks of the majestic volcanogenic massifs, which rises from the bottom of the ocean as far as the hard clay rosters. Visible is the height from 1000 to 4200 m, and the bottom water is about 5000 m. internal budovaі zovnishnim viglyadom The Hawaiian Islands are a typical butt of oceanic internal volcanic volcanism.

The Hawaiian Islands are a private outskirts of the majestic island group of the central part of the Pacific Ocean, which I will call "Polynesia". Continuity of the group up to approx. 10 ° N lat. є Islands of Central and Eastern Polynesia (Samoa, Cook, Tovaristva, Tabuai, Markizki and In.). Tsi archipelagos, as a rule, are knocked out from the first approach to the opening skid, bridging the lines of transformation. Most of them are volcanic trekking and storage of basalt lavas. Deyaki are crowned by wide and gentle volcanic cones with a height of 1000-2000 m. There are some islands in the majority of vipads - coral spruce. Some special features may be the number of purchases of other islands, which have been built mainly on the island, in the main part of the Pacific Plate of the lithosphere: the islands of Marianske, Karolinsky, and Marshals. All groups of other islands are united under the name Mikronesia. All the stench of coral or volcanic hiking, mountainous and rising hundreds of meters above the ocean. The Uzbek coastline is over-and under-water coral reefs, greatly accelerate the navigation. Bagato other islands are atoli. Close to the other islands, there are deep ocean depressions, and at the end of the Marian archipelago, there is a deep water of the same name, which lies to the transition zones between the ocean and the continent of Eurasia.

In the adjacent parts of the Pacific Ocean bed, adjacent to the American continents, there are separate volcanic islands: Juan Fernandez, Cocos, Velikodnya and іn. One of the largest and most civic groups is the Galapagos Islands, which are growing in size close to the shores of Holy America. The whole archipelago of 16 great and idle volcanic islands with peaks of ancient and dynamic volcanoes with a height of up to 1700 m.

The transition from the ocean to the mainland into the zone and is seen to be the bottom of the ocean and the peculiarities of tectonic processes, both in the geological past and in the Danish hour. Smell operate the Pacific Ocean at sunset, at night and at descent. In the small parts of the ocean, the processes of forming these zones are not the same and produce to great results, but the smell of the smell is seen as great activity in the geological past, as well as in the Danish hour.

On the side of the bed, the ocean is crossed by zones and surrounded by arcs glide-water zholob_v, In the direct view of the shifting of the lithospheric plates and the grounding along the continent of the oceanic lithosphere. In the boundaries of the transition zones in the ocean bottom and outskirts of the sea Overwhelming the transitional types of earth measles, and in the replacement of oceanic types of volcanism, there is a change in effusive-explosive volcanism of subduction zones. Here I can tell you about the so-called "Pacific fireball", which encircles the Pacific Ocean and is characterized by a high seismicity, numerical manifestations of paleovolcanism and volcanogenic forms of relief, as well as the last 75% of volcanics. In the main process of changes is the effusion-explosive volcanism of the middle warehouse.

Most of all types of rice of the transitional zone and turn in the boundaries of the winter and western outskirts of the Pacific Ocean, i.e. E. Bilya coast of Alaska, Eurasia and Australia. The wide range of ice between the ocean and land, including the sub-water border of the continents, is unique for the folding of Budov and in terms of the way of life between land and water, and the process of hanging over the surface of the water, ...

The name of the outskirts of the transition zone on the Pacific Ocean is settled by the Aleutian plateau in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, which stretches for 4000 km for a day on an arc from the coast of Alaska to the shores of the Kamchatka Peninsula, from the maximum of 785 meters. , because of the well-being of the underwater lantsyug of the Aleutian Islands, most of them are of the explosive-effusive type. Nearly 25 of them are people.

For the continuation of the central zone of the coast of Eurasia є a system of high-water zholobiv, with similar connections to the most popular waters of the Holy Ocean, and in the same hour, the area of ​​the greatest and most diverse, acute volcanoes, such as old-time ... In the area of ​​the Kuril-Kamchatka glibokovodny trough (the maximum depth of water is 9700 m) there are Kamchatka islands with 160 volcanoes, 28 of them, and an arc of volcanic Kuril islands with 40 active volcanoes. They smoked є the top of the underwater girskiy lantsyug, the yak float above the bottom of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk at 2000-3000 m, and the maximum depth of the proletariat on the side of the Pacific Ocean of the Kuril-Kamchatka zholobi perevischuє 10,500 m.

The system of glibokovykh zholobіv is trivial for the day by the Japanese zholob, and the volcanogenic zone is wimerly and vivid volcanoes of the Japan Islands. The entire system of holes, as well as sharp arcs, repairing from the East Kamchatka, from the mainland Eurasia of the low-water shelf of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and Shidno-Kitayske, as well as the development of the glide between them in the west of the Sea of ​​Japan, 37

Near the new part of the Japanese islands, the zone expands and grows slower, the smog of the deep-water frogs grows on two spikes, it is lined on two sides of the great Philippese sea, the depressions of which I will maximize the side of the winter. light ocean 11,022 m and arc of the Marian Islands. The internal gilka, which borders the Philippine Sea from the sunset, is approved by the Zholob and the Ryukyu Islands and the Trivang Dali by the Philippine Zholob and the Arch of the Philippines Islands. The Philippines Zholob can be reached from one island to the next 1300 km and the maximum depth is 10 265 m. On the islands there are ten active and very large volcanoes. Between sharp arcs and Pivdenno-Shidnoy Asia, in the boundaries of the mainland, there is Skidno-China and a large part of the Pivdenno-China Sea (the largest in the whole region). Tilki skidna part of the Pivdenno-China Sea and the inter-sea of ​​the Malaysian Archipelago go down to 5000 m, and before serving crust transitional type.

Uzdovzh ekvatora crossed the zone in the boundaries of the Zond archipelago and the third island of the sea towards the Indian Ocean. On the islands of Indonesia there are a total of 500 volcanoes, of which 170 are volcanoes.

It is a great foldable transition to the transitional zone of the Pacific Ocean to the winter of Australia. It is possible to walk from Kalimantan to New Guinea and far away for a week up to 20 ° N lat. The entire length of the transition zone є folds down the deep-water slopes with depths of 6000 m and more, under-water ridges and sharp arcs, divided by the slopes, or with milky water.

Bilya of the skidny coast of Australia, between New Guinea and New Caledonia, the Roztashovan Coral Sea. Right off the bat, there is a system of glide-water grooves and sharp arcs (Novi Gebridi and in.). The Glybin of the Coral and other seas of the Central Transitional Region (the Fiji Sea and especially the Tasmanian Sea) reach 5000-9000 m, the bottom of which is folded by the bark of the oceanic or transitional type.

Hydrological regime of the individual part of the central region for the development of corals, which are especially widened in the Coral Sea. On the side of Australia, it is surrounded by a unique natural sporud - the Great Bar'erniy Reef, which is to knit the bridle of the mainland milini for 2300 km and in the northern part of the reach of 150 km. Wines are stored on the outskirts of the islands and the whole archipelagos, folded from coral wapweeds and drained by the underwater reefs from living and living coral fields. Vuzki canals, which cross the Great Bar'erniy reef, lead to the so-called Great Lagoon, the depth of which I do not cross 50 m.

On the side of the Pivdennaya street of the bed of the ocean between the Fiji and Samoa islands, to stand for the pivdennaya trip of a friend, the call on the trip to the ocean, the arc of zholobiv: Tonga I also change 10 yew. m. On the side of the sea Fiji zholobi Tonga and Kermadec are surrounded by sub-water ridges and arcs of the same islands. In total, the stench can be stretched for 2000 km to Pivnichniy Island New Zealand. The archipelago grows over the services of the first half of the water plateau. There is a particular type of structure in the sub-water outskirts of the continents and transition zones, which are called micro-continents. The stench grows beyond the size and is an increase, folded by the mainland crust, crowned by islands and otochened from the sides with oceanic type bark in the boundaries of the Svitovoy Ocean.

The zone of the contiguous part of the Pacific Ocean, transformed into the bic of the continents of Pivnichna and Pivdenna America, is often transited to the contiguous part of the Pacific Ocean. There are no marginal seas, no sharp arcs. From the house of the Old Alaska to Central America the smog of the vuzkoy shelf stretches along the mainland islands. The border of the western Uzbek coast of Central America, as well as from the distance of the border of the Holy America to pass the system of high-water zholobiv - Central American, Peruvian and Chileysky (Atakamskiy) maximum glybin apparently more than 6000 and 8000 m. Obviously, the process of forming a whole part of the ocean and the continents against each other, in that hour, disappeared in the same hour the glide-water slopes and continental lithospheric plates. Pivnichna America poured into roztashovani on the її way to the zholobi and closed іkh, and the Pivdenno-American stove moved the Atakamskіy zholob to zholob. In this and the fall, as a result of the interconnection of oceanic and continental structures, the formation of folds, the expansion of the outskirts of both continents, and the establishment of strained areas of For skin structural zones, the characteristic is intense seismicity and manifestation different types volcanism. O.K. Leontyev was able to establish a position with the sub-water ridges of the sharp arcs of the western transition zone of the Pacific Ocean.

Climate and Hydrology of the Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean can be reached at 60 ° paternal latitude... On the first few days of the land close to Eurasia and Pivnichnaya America, one from one small water Bering channel with the smallest width of 86 km, the Bering Sea of ​​the Pacific Ocean, part of the Chukchi Yakut

Eurasia і Pivnichna America stretches for a day right up to the Pivnichniy path in the view of the great massifs of the land, which is a central form of a continental feast, which is well into the classroom and hydrological parts of modern minds. The Pivdennіshe Pіvnіchnoj trail the land is filled with a fragmentary character, up to the shores of Antarctica and the great parts of the land є only Australia on the invading ocean and Pіvedenna America at the descent, especially the part has been expanded by 20 ° by the square. On a half day from 40 ° N lat. The Pacific Ocean at the same time with the Indian and Atlantic is angry in the same water surface, not overwhelmed by the great delays of the land, over which the oceanic wind of the middle latitudes forms, and where it is to penetrate the Antarctic masses.

The Pacific Ocean is within reach of the greatest width (mayzhe 20 thousand. Km) in the boundaries of the paths-equatorial expanse, so that in its own part, where it stretches out to the rock the most intensively and regularly get the heat energy of the dream. At the junction of the Pacific Ocean, I will take away more sleepy warmth by extending to the rock, below this part of the Svitovoy Ocean. And so, as heat dissipated in the atmosphere and on the water surface, it is not only because of the low temperature rise in the ocean, but because of the heat exchange between the land and the water surface and the water exchange between the oceanic parts. The winter and pass approximately between 5 and 10 ° Mon. latitude, and the private part of the Pacific Ocean is generally warmer than the first.

The main baric systems are easy to understand, which includes meteorological conditions (weather conditions, atmospheric fallout, water temperature), as well as the hydraulic regime of surface waters (systems of leaks, temperature of surface and sub-surface waters) of Pacific ocean waters, saline First for everything, tse equatorial depression (a quiet zone), has been expanded in a large number of pivnіchnoi pіvkulі. Particularly priced during the winter season, if over the strongly heated Eurasian there is a great and large pressure depression with the center in the basin of the river Ind. In the direction of the center of depression, the streams of humid unstable twilight are recirculated from the side of the subtropical centers of the high vice of both pivnial and new brews. A large part of the winter half of the Pacific Ocean in the whole hour of borrowing is the Winter Pacific maximum, according to the first and second periphery, which dims the monsoon in the direction of Eurasia. They are tied with ryasnі fallen, a number of growths for every day. Another monstrous tendency to collapse from the pivdennaya pivkuly, from the side of the anthropic belt of a vise. On the first visit, weakening the backward transfer in the direction of Pivnichnoy America.

In the early winter, every hour of winter, it is strong during the winter, as it is in the middle latitudes, and the waters of all three oceans are hoping for a day in parallel at 40 ° before the next day to the coast of Antarctica, in the next side of the mainland. Departure transfer in the cich latitudes of the winter season and in last hour, Ale z less power. For hibernating minds in cikh latitudes, it is characteristic that they fall asleep, stormy weather, a lot of sickness. With a great number of icebergs and floating sea ice, the rise in the whole part of the Svitovoy ocean will be surrounded by great bakers. It’s not for nothing that the latitude of the seafarers was called “re-sounding forties”.

At the eastern latitudes in the winter, by a pan-atmospheric process, there is also the last transfer, but through the current part of the Pacific Ocean from winter, at the beginning and at once, it is closed by land, and it is collected there for the time being for the meteorological situation. In the past, transferred to the ocean, there is a cold and dry continental wind on the side of Eurasia. Winning to be drawn into the closed system of the Aleutian mini-mum, to form over the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, to transform and in the winter to wine to the shores of the Northern America, have lost the clear-cut zones in the coastal

The systems of water, water exchange, especially the bottom of the ocean, the position of the continents and the outline of the banks are injected onto the mold surface leaks ocean, and tі, in its own heart, viznachayut a lot of special features of the hydraulic regime. In the Pacific Ocean, with its great dimensions in the boundaries, the internal tropic system of leaks, generated by juvenile wines of winter and winter conditions, is tightly stretched. From right to the end of the road, up to the edge of the North Pacific and Pacific Ocean highs, they are overtaken immediately to the west, reaching a width of more than 2000 km. Pivnichne Pasatne will go along the shores of Central America to the Philippines Islands, and then go to two branches. Pivdennaya partly roztіkautsya across the inter-coastal seas and partly to live anywhere near the surface of the Mezzanine protruding, to penetrate to the Central American isthmus. Pivnichna, more tedious is the trough of the Pivnichnogo passate flow straight to the island of Taiwan, and then to enter the Chinese Sea, firing from the Japanese islands, giving an ear of pushing systems warm flows The private part of the Pacific Ocean: the whole political current of Kurosio, or Japanese, how it collapses from the speed of 25 to 80 cm / s. The island of Kyushu Kuroshio rozgaluzhuєtsya, and one of the hiloks enter the Sea of ​​Japan under the name of the Tsushima current, go into the ocean and go along the narrow shores of Japan, leave at 40 ° Mon. lat. yogo not seen on the cold Kuril-Kamchatka prototype, abo Oyasio. The continuation of Kurosio on the way is called the Kurosio Drift, and later - the Pivnichno-Pacific Current, which is straight to the shores of Pivnichnaya America with a speed of 25-50 cm / s. In the midst of the Pacific Ocean, in the middle of the 40th parallel to the Pivnichno-Tikhookeanskoe, you can stretch out on the warm Alaska, straight to the shores of the Pivdennaya Alaska, and the cold Californian current. Once, following the coastlines of the mainland, on the first day of the path, the path flows into Pivnichne Pasatna in a stretch, the circuit of the Pacific Ocean loses its pace.

On a large part of the Pacific Ocean, for the first time from the beginning of the year, there are high temperatures of surface waters. There is a great width of the ocean in the intertropical space, as well as a system of leaks, as well as a system of leaks, which bring warm water from the Pivnichny Passate Leak on the winter coasts of Eurasia and the neighboring islands.

Pivnichne Pasatne stretches the whole river with a temperature of 25 ... 29 ° С. Visoka temperature of surface waters (approximately up to 700 m glibine) is stored in the Kuroshio borderlands up to 40 ° Mon. latitude. (27 ... 28 ° С in sickles and up to 20 ° С in severe), as well as in the boundaries of the Pivnichno-Pacific current (18 ... 23 ° С in sickles and 7 ... 16 ° С in severe). Quite a cooling inflow into the winter circuit of Eurasia right up to the first nights of the Japanese islands should be born in the Bering Sea, the Kamchatka-Kuril current is cold, as it is charged by the cold seas of Okhotsk. Rik to fate, the urge to thrash strongly in the fallowness of the winter in the Bering and Okhotsk seas. The region of the Kuril Islands and the Hokkaido Islands is one of the non-magical in the private part of the Pacific Ocean. At 40 ° Mon. at the creation with the plin Kurosio Kurilski, with a stretch, zanyurutsya on the depth and flow into Pivnichno-Tikhookeanske. In general, the temperature of the waters of the private part of the Pacific Ocean is higher, lower in the winter at the same latitudes (5 ... 8 ° С in the crescent in the Bering prototype). It will be explained in a small way by interchanging water exchange with the Pivnichny Lodovity Ocean through the rapids in the Bering prototype.

Pivdenna Pasatna will collapse with a stretch of arms to the coast of the Old America at the end of the day and enter the winter season until about 5 ° C. the sea and, the bridging of the shores of Australia seep through, creating a warmer Australian current, as the shores of the island of Tasmania flow through the stretching of the wanders. The temperature of the surface waters in Pivdenny Pasatnykh will rise to 22 ... 28 ° C, in the Skhidno-Australian charge from weekends on the weekends change from 20 to 11 ° C, from 26 to 15 ° C.

The Circumpolar Antarctic, for example, extending the Western Winds, to enter the Pacific Ocean on the first day of Australia and New Zealand, and to collapse in a sub-latitude straight to the shores of the Great American on the west, pouring into Pivdenna Pasatna, and the circuit of the half of the Pacific Ocean. The Peruvian current does not have an unusually cold water and lower the temperature of the wind over the ocean and in the backs of the Uzbek coast of the Holy America it is lower to 15 ... 20 ° C.

At the salinity of the surface waters in the Pacific Ocean, there are certain regularities. With an average salinity of 34.5-34.6% for the ocean, the maximum indicators (35.5 and 36.5% h) are less likely to occur in the zones of intensive passive circulation of food and drink (generally from 20 to 30 ° C). і 20 ° NL) The price is related to the decrease in the fall and the increase in the vaporization in the corresponding regions. Up to the forties latitudes of both pivkul at the bottom of the ocean, salinity becomes 34-35% o. The salinity is very low at high latitudes and in the coastal regions of the private part of the ocean (32-33% o). There, the price is tied to the tannins of sea ice and icebergs and to flow into the river runoff, which is why the salinity is increased by the seasons.

Development and configuration of the greatest of the oceans in the Earth, especially the temperature of the ocean and the other parts of the Holy Ocean, as well as the development and configuration of different types of land and the middle of the cycle from the surface waters more, lower in the oceans; A part of the ocean, roasted in the winter season, is much warmer than the winter season, but in both the winter season, the last part is warmer and will take more fall off, the lower one.

The Pacific Ocean is a large world, below the part of the Svitovoy Ocean, the arena of the incipient atmospheric process, which is known as tropical cyclones or hurricanes. Tse vichori of small diameter (not more than 300-400 km) and great speed (30-50 km / h). It smells like all the middle tropical zones of convergence passages, as a rule, during the summer and fall of the winter season, and the list is changed from one point to another, directly to the new ones, on the way to the bridging, and For the illumination and development of hurricanes, a large amount of water is required, heat from the surface not less than 26 ° C, and the atmospheric energy, as the atmospheric cyclone has caused the progressive collapse. The peculiarities of the Pacific Ocean (its size, spring, the width in the boundaries of the inner-tropic space, and the maximum temperature of the surface waters for the Svitovoy Ocean) extend over its water surface, so that it will receive the incipient and development of tropical cyclones.

The passage of tropical cyclones will lead to catastrophic manifestations: by the ruinous force, by strong hvilyuvannya in the open sea, by strong anger, flooded rivnins on the adjacent land, by the winds and dying of people, it is important to bring people down. The bridging of the coast of the continents, the most powerful hurricanes go beyond the boundaries of the inner-tropic space, transforming into the pose-tropical cyclones, sometimes reaching great power.

The main area of ​​the origin of tropical cyclones in the Pacific Ocean is located on the week of the Pivnichniy trail, on the verge of the Philippine Islands. The stench can reach the shores of Pivdenno-Shidny China (in the Asian countries it is the Chinese name "typhoon") and the stench of the continent is changed over to the Japanese islands.

Gilki of cyh hurricanes, going on a trip to a fortnight along the path, penetrate into the middle seas of the Zond archipelago, into a part of the Indian Ocean and become the reason for the ruin on the lower reaches of the city. Hurricanes, which are likely to arise in the winter season on the winter along the Old Path, move to the coast of the Western Australia. It stinks to bear the mіstseva name "BILLI-BILLI". Another center for the origin of tropical hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean is located near remote shores Central America, mіzh Pіvnіchny tropіkom i ekvator. Hurricanes go straight to the coastal islands and shores of California.

In the first rock of the new millennium, the increase in the repetition of tropical cyclones (typhoons) along the Asian and Indian American shores of the Pacific Ocean, as well as the strength of their efforts, is indicated. The price is not only for the Pacific, but for the first oceans of the Earth. Such a phenomenon can be one of the inherits global warming klimat. The growth of the progression of the surface waters of the oceans in tropical latitudes undergoes atmospheric energy, which will prevent the progressive collapse, the speed of the change and the ruinous force of hurricanes.

Features of the organic light of the Pacific Ocean

Near the waters of the Pacific Ocean, more than half of the living speech of the entire Holy Ocean of the Earth is recorded. The yak is not known to the roslin, so to the creature, the population. Organizational light in the whole variety of species richness, old-fashioned high step endemism.

For fauna, scho narahovuє in total up to 100 yew. The species, characteristic of ssavts, are able to live as the head rank in the middle and high latitudes. Masove widened is a representative of toothy whales - a sperm whale, from toothless whales - a sprinkle of species of dark whales. Promisel їkh strictly enclosed. Outside the canopy of the family of vuhati seals (sea levi) and sea seals are seen on the private and on the ocean. Pivnichny seals are the price of farm animals, and they are strictly controlled. V beer waters In the Pacific Ocean, the sea lions (with vuhati seals) and the walrus also began to live even more closely, they have a circumpolar range, and ale nines are located on the border.

Douche rich fauna of ribs. There are at least 2,000 species in tropical waters, and close to 800 species in pivnichno-western seas. On a part of the Pacific Ocean, half of the velvet ribey falls. The main areas and industries are the private and central parts of the ocean. The main industries of the family are salmon, salmon, triskovy, anchovy and іn.

Important is the mass of living organisms that inhabit the Pacific Ocean (like the second part of the Svitovoy Ocean), fall on spineless, like sluggish on the old rivnyas of the ocean waters and on the bottom of the water, young, young, young squid, octopus), golkoshkіrі andіn. Stink to serve as a suttuvian component of marine industries and aquaculture facilities.

The Pacific Ocean, the high temperatures of the surface waters in tropical latitudes, especially rich in different species of corals, including the volodyut skeleton. In one of the oceans, in a few oceans, there is more than such a great number and versatility of coral species different types, Yak in the Quiet.

The basis of plankton is stored by one-line representatives of the food and roslinniy svitu... There are as many as 380 species of phytoplankton in the Pacific Ocean.

The greatest wealth of organic light is characteristic of the districts, de-spostering the titles of upwelling clay waters, Bagatikh with mineral speeches) or with a good temperature Also, I want to give you a friendly mind for the harvesting and development of phyto- and zooplankton, which the ribi and the little creatures can pick up for nekton. In the Pacific Ocean regions and upwelling zooseredzheni in the Uzbeks of Peru and in divergence zones in subtropical latitudes, there are areas of intensive ribalism and other industries.

On a few wicked, repetitive minds, the Pacific Ocean is characterized by a phenomenon that disrupts the rhythm of the circulating and hydraulic processes and does not support itself in the other parts of the Svitovoy Ocean. It is manifested in the interim from 3 to 7 rockets and the traction of the destruction of animal ecological minds in the intertropical expanse of the Pacific Ocean, pouring into the life of living organisms, including the population of the coastal regions of the land. The glade is out in the offensive: in the end of the leaf fall, or in the chest, so that it’s not good until Rizdva national name"El-Niño", which means "Saints of no manhood"), for reasons that are not clear until now, there is a weakening of the wind, and the weakening of the cold water flow to the coast of America. Immediately, from the winter entry into the bik of the winter season, I fix the airs to the winds of the unresponsive latitudes of the third, but to carry on the first stage of the apparently warm water, so that the interpassage leakage occurs. The phenomenon of upwelling will collapse in the zone of internal tropic divergence, as well as on the shores of the Eastern America, so, in its own way, plankton has died, and at the same time it will be harvested by ribs and other creatures.

Yavische El-Niño regularly spawns from the other half of the 19th century. It has been established that in some of the most damaging areas of the world, the destruction of the ecological minds is not only in the ocean, but in the great villages of the adjacent land: abnormal growths have fallen in the arid regions of the Americas, in the American regions, in the new regions Particularly important are the patches of El-Niño 1982-1983 and 1997-1998, since the unpleasant phenomenon was trickling with a stretch of decilkoh months.

History of the past. Seafaring in the Pacific Ocean has sped back to the ear of the written history of people. However, є vіdomostі, the first European, like the Pacific Ocean, buv the Portuguese Vasco Balboa; in 1513 the ocean appeared in front of him from the Gir Darien in Panama. In the history of the Pacific Ocean there are such names as Fernand Magellan, Abel Tasman, Francis Drake, Charles Darwin, Vitus Bering, James Cook and George Vancouver. An important role was played by scientific expeditions on the British ships "Challenger" (1872-1876), and then on the ships "Tuscarora", "Planet" and "Discovery".

However, not all seafarers who crossed the Pacific Ocean were frightened of the price and not all were well organized for such a sailing. Whole it could be, and so, ocean currents They took primitive ships from the flesh and carried them to distant shores. In 1946, the Norwegian anthropologist Thor Heyrdal, having written the theory, was inhabited by immigrants from the Pivdennaya America, who lived in the pre-period on the territory of Peru. On the confirmation of his theory, Heyrdal with five supporters fired Mayzhe 7 thousand. Km across the Pacific Ocean on a primitive raft from balsa decks. However, if you want to swim, it was 101 days, and the possibility of such a rise in price has brought it to the last, most oceanologists still do not accept Heyrdal's theory.

In 1961, there was a crash of criticism, as it was called for the possibility of even more hostile contacts between the bags of the other shores of the Pacific Ocean. In Ecuador, in the first place at the Valdivia station of boulevards, a fragment of ceramics, which is similar in terms of smallness and technology to ceramics Japanese Islands... Bully known and іnshі ceramic virobi, which should lie between two spacious roses, similar cultures and also we will remember them. Judging by the archaeological tribute, the transoceanic contact with cultures, there are about 13 yew in the country. Km, standing approx. 3000 years before our era.

Atlas of oceans: Vol. 1. Pacific Ocean. L., 1974 Geography of the Holy Ocean: Pacific Ocean. L., 1981

Geographic location. The Pacific (or Great) Ocean beyond the dimensions and peculiarities of nature is a unique natural object of our planet. An ocean of wandering around all the lands of the Earth, between the continents of Eurasia and Australia at the entrance, Winter and New America at the descent and Antarctica at the beginning.
The Pacific Ocean occupies more than 1/3 of the planet's surface and as much as half of the Holy Ocean (Table VII.3). It’s a little oval shape, but it’s just a bit of a run for the first time to the opening skid and the widest range of paths. The coastline is also straightforward to the coastline of the American and Eastern American and is strongly divided into the coastline of Eurasia. Before the warehouse of the Pacific Ocean, there are a number of marginal seas of Western and Eastern Asia. In the ocean there is a great number of archipelagos and surrounding islands, which can be found in the Ocean's warehouses.
Table VII.3
Global views about the oceans
Ocean Area, mln. Km3 Obsyag,
million km3 Middle
glibina, m Nybilsha
glibina, m Svitovy ocean 361.10 1340.74 3700 11022 (Marian zholob) Quiet 178.62 710.36 3980 11022 (Marian zholob) Atlantic 91.56 329.66 3600 8142 (Puerto Rico zholob) Indian 16.17 282 , 65 3710 7729 (Zondsky Zholob) Pivnichny Lodovitiy
14,75
18,07
1220
5527 (Greenland Sea)
Bottom relief. The Pacific Ocean is the greatest. The relief of the bottom is foldable. The shelf (mainland milina) occupies a relatively small area. Bilya shores of Pivnichno and Pivdennoy America are not wider than dozens of kilometers, and the shores of the Eurasian shelf are hundreds of kilometers. In the outskirts of the ocean, there are glibokovodnі zholobi, and in the Pacific Ocean there is the main part of glibokovodnі zholobіv in the entire Svitovoy ocean: 25 to 35 depths of 5 km; and all the bugs, 10 km deep, - there are 4. Great elevations of the bottom, around the mountains and ridges spreading the ocean bed on the street. Skidno-Tikhookeanske dnatyattya rose on the ocean going down, as a part of the global system of mid-ocean ridges.
A system of glibokovykh zholobіv and gіrsky sporuds on the continents and islands, lying close to the ocean, is tied to a number of uninterrupted lancers of active volcanoes, so that they make the Pacific "in the fires". At the same zone, parts of the land and underwater earthlings, as well as giant chills - tsunamis, are victorious.
Climat. The Pacific Ocean stretches from sub-arctic to sub-Antarctic latitudes, so that it grows wider in the more climatic belts of the Earth. The main part of it is located in the equatorial, subquatorial and tropical zones both pivkul. The temperature above the aquatic latitude all the way from +16 to + 24 ° С.
For the circulation of the atmosphere over the ocean, characteristic zonal rice: in outside latitudes overwhelming the western ones, in the tropical latitudes they pass the pass, in the subquatorial latitudes of the banks of the Eurasian Yaskravo bends of the Muson. Above the Pacific Ocean, parts of the force of the storm and tropical cyclones are typhoons. The maximum number of fallen falls is in the lower parts of the equatorial belt (close to 3000 mm), the minimum is in the lower areas of the ocean between the equator and the wind path (close to 100 mm).
Tech. The Pacific Ocean is very strong when it enters the stage, and in this way it can handle the latitudinal streams of water. In the oceans there are two majestic rings of water: pivnichnu and pivdenna. Pivnichne circle includes Pivnichne passatna, Kurosio, Pivnichno-Tikhookeansky and Californian current. Pivdenne Kilce warehouse Pivdenna Pasatna, Skhidno-Australiska, with a stretch of Last Weeks and Peruvian Current. These technologies infuse heat into the ocean and the nature of the adjacent continents. Thus, the flow of water flows from the backland tropical coasts of the continents to the low latitudes, the western part of the ocean is often warmer than the mainland. In the middle high latitudes - navpaki, the lower part of the ocean is warmer than the last.
The power of waters. In the Pacific Ocean, all types of surface water masses, except for the Arctic ones, are established. Across great area the ocean between the paths of the surface waters and the warmer, lower in the other oceans. The average water temperature between the paths becomes + 19 ° С, in the equatorial latitudes - from +25 to + 29 ° С, while the coast of Antarctica - drops to -1 ° С. The salinity of the surface waters of the Pacific Ocean is trocha lower, lower in the Atlantic Ocean, so that the part of the ocean will reject the abundant fresh waters (Amur, Huanghe, Yangzi, Mekong and іnshi). Ice appearances in the private part of the ocean and in subantarctic belt be seasonal. Bilya uzberezhzhya Antarctica sea ​​ice all rik is trimmed. Antarctic icebergs with surface leaks rise up to 40 ° N latitude.
Organic light. For the biomass and the number of species, the organic light of the Pacific Ocean is rich, but not in the other oceans. It can be explained by its trivial geological history, majestic dimensions, versatile ecological minds. Especially rich in organic life in equatorial-tropical latitudes, in areas of development of coral reefs. In the private part of the ocean, there are many different species of salmon ribs.
Ribbon vilov in the Pacific Ocean becomes over 45% of the video clip. Head districts and industries - tse regions of warm and cold waters; Shelf regions and at the setting of the ocean and regions and below the deep waters of the coast of Pivnichnaya, and especially Pivdenniy, America.
Natural complexes. The Pacific Ocean natural belts, Крім pіvnіchnoi polar.
Pivnichne polar belt borrows a small part of the Bering Sea and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. There is an intense circulation of water in the whole belt, so there is a stench of riba. The Pivnichny Pommerny Belt of the Great Aquatorium. For ny is characterized by the interaction of warm and cold water wt. The process of development of organic light. The unique aquatic complex of the Sea of ​​Japan is formed at the beginning of the belt, which leads to a great diversity of species.
The Pivnichny subtropical belt in the Pacific Ocean is not so clear as the bends. Zakhidna chastina heat belts, skidna - very cold. Lead to slightly change, blue, glimpse. The number of plankton and species of ribs is small.
The winter tropic zone is formed under the flow of a forced wine flow. There is a whole belt of powerless islands and archipelagos. The productivity of the waters of the belt is low. However, near the sub-water basins and islands, the vertical drain of the waters develops, there is a purchase of ribs and other marine organisms.
In the ekvatorialny belt, the interconnection of vіtrіv and іnhіdnіh leaks is spontaneous. On the cordons of streams of vikhori and circuits, the flow of water is consumed, so the growth and biological productivity is growing. A lot of bugs for the inhabitants of aquatic complexes near the Zondy Islands and the shores of Pivnichno-Shidnoi Australia, as well as complexes of coral reefs.
In the early days in the Pacific Ocean, analogous natural belts are being formed, and in the winter, ale the stench is seen by the authorities of the water masses and the warehouse of organisms. For example, in the waters of the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic belts live nototenic and bi-blooded ribs. In the middle of the tropic zone, between 4 and 23 ° N lat. bilya uzberezhzhya Pivdennoi America, a special aquatic complex is being formed. For a new characteristic, there is a stiff and intense flow of clay waters (upwelling), an active development of organic life. One of the most productive areas in the entire Svitovoy Ocean.
Gospodarske vikoristannya. The Pacific Ocean and the Second Sea surround the Uzbek continents, on which more than 30 coastal states have been rocked. the backbone of the population close to 2 billion people. Before the main types natural resources the ocean is supplied with its biological resources. Oceans are dominated by productivity (close to 200 kg / km2). V the rest of the rock The Pacific Ocean is the first place in the world with a view of ribbons and seafood. On the ocean shelf, there is a vid of cinnamon copalins: genera of naphtha and gas, tin ores and other color metals; s sea ​​water Prepare kitchen utensils with salt, magnesium, bromine. The Pacific Ocean is crossed by the routes of the light and regional shipfaring, on the shores of the ocean there is a great number of ports. Long-distance lines pass from the shores of Pivnichnaya America to the distant shores of Asia. The energy resources of the Pacific waters are of great potential, although they are scarce.
Gospodarska dyalnіst people called to strong obrudneniya deyakim aquatorіy of the Pacific Ocean. Especially it manifested itself on the shores of Japan and Pivnichnoy America. The stocks of whales, a number of valuable species of ribs and creatures, were hanging out. The deyaki from them have lost their coli šn promislov value.
§ 8. Atlantic Ocean
Geographic location. The Atlantic Ocean stretched from winter to 16 yew. Km from subarctic to Antarctic latitudes. The ocean is wide in the winter and early parts, it sounds in the equatorial latitudes up to 2900 km. At the weekend, get to the Pivnichny Ice Ocean, and at the weekend, it is wide to go to the Quiet and Indian oceans... Bordered by the shores of Pivnichno and Pivdennoy America - at sunset, Europe and Africa - at the descent and Antarctica - at the beginning.
The Atlantic Ocean is the other one beyond the size of the middle of the oceans of the planet. The coastal line to the ocean in the winter season is strongly divided by the number of rivers and inflows. Close to the mainland, many islands, internal and outskirts of the sea. There are 13 seas to enter the Atlantic warehouse, which occupy 11% of the area.
Bottom relief. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs across the entire ocean (approximately on the edge of the mainland from the Uzbek continents). The typical height of the ridge is close to 2 km. Transverse breaks and breaks apart on the edge of the segment. In the axial part of the Roztashov ridge, a giant rift valley is 6 to 30 km wide and up to 2 km wide. Before the Rift and the breaks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, there are both sub-water volcanoes, as well as the volcanoes of Iceland and the Azores. Along the offensive sides of the ridge, lie the slopes with an altogether flat bottom, divided by uplifts. The area of ​​the shelf in the Atlantic Ocean is larger, lower in the Pacific.
Mineral resources. Stocks of oil and gas have emerged on the shelf of the Pivnichnaya Sea, in the Mexican, Guinea and Biskaysk inlets. Pokladi of phosphorites in the region of the clay waters of Uzbekistan Pivnichnoi in Africa in tropical latitudes. Roseypic genera of tin near the shores of Great Britain and Florida, as well as diamonds - along the shores of Pivdenno-Western Africa, appeared on the shelf in the sediments of ancient and recent rivers. Zalizomanganese concretions are known in the valleys of the bottom of the coast of Florida and Newfoundland.
Climat. The Atlantic Ocean of rippling along all the climatic belts of the Earth. The main part of the aquatic ocean is located at 40 ° Mon. і 42 ° N - to be located in subtropical, tropical, subquatorial and equatorial climatic belts. here tsiliy rik high positive temperatures. Naybilsh suvoriy klimat may be subantarctic and antarctic latitudes, in the lesser world - polar, winter latitudes.
Tech. In the Atlantic Ocean, as in the Pacific Ocean, two rings of surface leaks take place. At the winter season, the Pivnichne Passatne stretch, the Golfstrum, the Atlantic-Atlantic and the Canarian current set up the rush of waters behind the year's line. At the Pivdennii Pivkuly Pivdenna Pasatna, Brazil, with a stretch of the Western Winds and the Benguela, there is the collapse of the waters of the Antiquity Strelka. Through the significant extent of the Atlantic Ocean, from winter to winter in a new world in the greater world of development of the meridional streams of water, lower latitude.
The power of waters. The zonality of water masses in the oceans has been accelerated by the inflow of land and sea ​​flows... Tse manifests itself in front of the temperature rise of surface waters. In some areas of the ocean, there is an oceanic coastline, and the coastline rises sharply towards the latitudinal direction.
Half of the ocean is warmer than the first, the temperature difference is up to 6 ° C. Average temperature surface waters (16.5 ° C) trocha lower, lower in the Pacific Ocean. Cooling inflow is used to pump water and ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. Salinity of surface waters in the Atlantic Ocean. One of the reasons for the increase in the salinity of the field is that the part of the vaping from the aquatic environment does not turn into the ocean again, but is transferred to the continents (through the common ocean).
A number of great rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean and the Third Sea: the Amazon, Congo, Mississip, Nil, Danube, La Plata and other. The stench to wine into the ocean of the majestic mass of fresh waters, entangled with material and foreign words. In certain tributaries and seas of subpolar and inland latitudes, ice is set off from the remote shores of the ocean. Numerous icebergs and floating sea ice will be used by ships in the private part of the Atlantic Ocean.
Organic light. Atlantic Ocean with many species in the warehouses of flora and fauna, below the Pacific. One of the reasons for this is the geological youth and the colder in the quarter period before the hour of the icy winter season. However, in the vast ocean of organisms, it is the most productive in one area. The perch is tied behind everything with a wide development of shelves and milky water cans, on some bags of rich bottom and bottom ribs (triska, flounder, perch, etc.). biological resources The Atlantic Ocean in the most important regions of the world. A part of the ocean in the world of rivalry for the rest of the rock has significantly decreased.
Natural complexes. In the Atlantic Ocean, there are all zonal complexes - natural belts, except for the polar winter. Lead the wine subpolar belt for bagaty life. Vona is especially developed on the shelves off the Uzbeks of Iceland, Greenland and Labrador Pivostrov. The Pomirniy belt is characterized by an intensive interaction of cold and warm waters, and this water is the most productive regions of the Atlantic. Great expanses of warm waters of two subtropical, two tropical and equatorial belt less productive, less water and a pivnichnogo pomirny belt.
A special natural aquatic complex of the Sargasso Sea is seen near the wine subtropical belt. It is characterized by a shift in the salinity of waters (up to 37.5 ppm) and a low bioproductivity. In the open waters, pure blue colorah, the growth of storm water - sargassi, was given the name aquatoria.
V to the pomirny belt pіvdennoї pіvnіchno, as in pіvnіchno, natural complexes Many people live in areas where water is running low due to the high temperature and the brilliance of the waters. Subantarctic i Antarctic belts Characteristic is the manifestation of seasonal and post-ice ice manifestations, which can be found in fauna warehouses (krill, whale-like, notothenic ribs).
Gospodarske vikoristannya. In the Atlantic Ocean, all kinds of state-owned activities of people are represented on the sea waters. Among them, the most significant may be sea transport, sometimes - a sub-water vid of oil and gas, only a little more - forks and registration of biological resources.
On the shores of the Atlantic, there are 70 coastal regions with populations of 1.3 billion Cholovik. There are many transoceanic routes across the ocean with great vantage and passenger transportation. On Uzbek oceans and on the th sea, the most important values ​​for the return of the light.
already developed mineral resources to the ocean - meaning (put the point on). However, in the Danish hour, naftogaz production on the shelf of the Pivnichny and Caribbean Seas, in the Biskaysky Zatotsi is being intensively developed. Bagato region, before, there were not a few significant reserves of cich species of mineral water, they see at once an economical trip for a rakhunok of this vidbutku (England, Norway, Netherlands, Mexico, etc.).
The biological resources of the ocean have long and intensively been growing. However, a number of valuable industrial species of ribs were caught at the close, and in the rest of the Atlantic, the Pacific Ocean was transferred from a species of ribs and seafood.
Intensive government activity of people on the Atlantic Ocean and the first sea natural center- yak in the oceans (the hardening of the waters, the twilight, the change in the stocks of industrial species of ribs), as well as on the Uzbeks. Wake up on the shores of the ocean. In order to improve the situation and change the existing environment of the Atlantic Ocean, there are scientific recommendations and international views for the rationalization of resources in the ocean.

Pacific Ocean – the greatest of the oceans in the Earth. Yogo square close 180 million km 2, To become approximate 1/3 of the planet's surface and will overturn the total area of ​​all continents. For the great razmіri the ocean is called inodі great.

The Pacific Ocean has been ripped apart from all the lands and all the continents, the Crimea. The wandering and skidny shores of the ocean are meaningfully derived from the nature of the coastline. Skidnі uzberezhzhya mountainous, little cut, backward, navpaki, more flat and dissected, with a great number of seas. The shelf zone in the ocean is not very large.

The Pacific Ocean vvazhaєshim found for an hour of vyniknennya. Deyaky vcheni to knit the campaign of the yogi to fall to the Earth of the great cosmic house and the edged part of the planet. At the moment I saw, behind the hypothesis of the cichs in the sky, the depression in the ocean, and from the earthly material, the companion of the Earth, Misyats, became a companion. Near the ocean, the Pacific plate of lithosphere has been roasted. Tse is one of the lithospheric plates, in a warehouse, which is practically the whole day of the mainland of the earth's crust. The mid-ocean ridges in the boundaries of the plate bends not even more clearly. The stench may be wide and called uplifts... Most of them - Skhidno-Pacific.

outskirts oceanic plates vzaєmodiyu z continental slabs... Tse to bring to approval glide-water zholob_v and sharp arcs. The Pacific Ocean most of the ocean frogs – Marianskiy (depth 11,022 m)і Samy Dovgy– Aleut(Length 3750 km). Vzamodii lіtospheric plates wicked earthquakes and volcanism. On the outskirts of the ocean I stretched Pacific in the fire ring, a large part of the Earth's active volcanoes is de zoosrezhena. As a result of earthquakes, tsunamis are set.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest 4,000 m.

For a number of outlying areas of the islands, the Pacific Ocean occupies a provincial place. All types of islands are present here: continents (Sakhalin, Taiwan, all most islands Malay Archipelago, New Zealand), Volcanic (Kuril, Hawaiian, Aleutsk), coral (Markizki, Marshall, Tuamotu). There are 10 thousand islands in the ocean.

The Pacific Ocean of ripples in all climatic belts, except for the arctic. The most wide part of the ocean is located in the equatorial, subquatorial and tropical zones. In the midst of the ocean better for surface water temperatures(The average water temperature in the area + 25-29 ° C). Fall as a whole over the viparovannyam, i average salinity waters of trocha lower lower, in the Atlantic. V winter hour ice settling in the pivnichno-western seas - Bering, Okhotsk, Japanese(Inflow of the Victorian continent) and the coast of Antarctica.

A system of surface leaks is formed in the ocean under the inflow of the inward circulation of the atmosphere of both poultry (passati, late transfer) into the ocean, which creates a majestic circle: aticclonal ring- in subtropical latitudes Pivnіchno Pіvkulі, cyclonic ring- in other latitudes. At the Pivdenniy pivkul, one ring is rotated - anticyclonal. Bagatian Pacific Ocean and in the flow: in the subtropical latitudes of the cold current (Peruvian, Kalіfornіyske) wander off the coast of the mainland, and warm (Kurosio, Skhidno-Australian) – shіdnі uzberezhzhya; in the middle latitudes on the western shores of Pivnichnaya America pass warm Alaskan broach, And at a stick of Eurasia to bathe cold Kuril leaks.

The Pacific Ocean is characterized by a magnificent species versatility of organic light. Tilki tvarin there are more 100 thousand views, 3 them rib - close 3 thousand. Deyaki vidi rib mayut promislove meaning (salmon, chum salmon, oseledets, anchovy). On the ocean of the fitє more than half of the fresh ribs. There is a promiscuity of sea animals - seals, walruses, seals - in the intermedium.

Krim industrial ocean maє i great transport value. The main transport routes pass through the Uzbek mainland. On the shores of the ocean, a number of the greatest light ports - Tokyo, Yokohama, Shanghai, Singapore, Vancouver, Los Angeles.

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