Biological resources to the ocean
A human suspension cannot be without resources, for something to be thought of whether it’s necessary to change the minds of the material and spiritual benefits that people need, as it is possible to realize it with sound technologies and socially and economically.
The order for the understandings " natural resources"Often, they live the understanding" of nature. " and the virtue of the human suspension, or do not take part entirely in the material and non-material security.
The understanding of the "natural resources of the Svitovoy Ocean" turns on all the elements of the oceanosphere, which can be vicious or can be found in virobichi and non-virobatic galuzy. The natural mind of the Svitovoy ocean is the goal of the oceanosphere, which only infuses into the life of the people. In the light of natural minds and resources in common. Natural mind can turn into resources. Lyudin re-created the ruin of the power of nature, in the natural productive force, vikoristovuchi, for example, the energy of the power to reject the electricity. The singing minds, the very expanse of water, have a resource for the development of the maritime state.
The structure of resources in the Svitovoy Ocean is even more folding. Win is a great, foldable dynamical system that can be built up from the oceanic lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Skin from them є dzherel resources, how vicoristovuyutsya abo potential.
About the development of the lithosphere є the surface sphere and the nadra of the sea bottom. Here you will get korisnі kopalini, to produce special engineering equipment.
In the oceanic hydrosphere, resources are in place for dynamical power and processes that allow energy to be vibrated, to prevent transportation of vantages and passengers, to develop mariculture and recreation. The resource is the very substrate of sea water, which is victorious in the industrial virobnism, the Silskoy government and the boob. It is easy to find different chemicals and fresh water. One of the features water resources the ocean is like a natural element є those who can’t smell the stench will rise in vicoristan. Water is bound to be responsible for the brother's fate in the natural circulation of speech as it is not the same mind for life on Earth. The last hour of the creation of water resources was taken into account only by the natural process, so that you can see in the natural environment. Now it became clear that the state of water before self-purification was interconnected and necessary vitrati pratsi and energy for the rational management of the water government.
The oceanic atmosphere is in conjunction with the hydrosphere, which is rich in nature, in particular, the nature of the opposite in geophysical, geochemical and biological processes. In addition, the vitreous energy of the very atmosphere is a great pleasure to enjoy in the vitreous seafaring.
The oceanic biosphere preserves people with creative and tall organisms, which are not necessary in industrial and social life, medical practice, etc. Before the flow of people, it’s not just the speed of production, but the slow development of that kind of biological kind.
Particularly significant in the system of the maritime government is the coast, or the coastal zone, for the reason that it is the same territory and aquatoria. The resource-forming factor in this type of decline is the length of the Uzbek coast, and the parameters and the authorities of the coastal zone are the appearance of beaches, the sensitivity of the line of urge, the particularity of the state of land and water, the width of the coastal zone and the number of the sea. ...
A comprehensive assessment is required for a rational distribution of natural resources. One of the universal ways of such an assessment is the development of an intelligent skin resource and the whole system to assess for vitrates on a piece of the basis of the production of that high level of energy
Assessment of resources in the ocean is a lot to be found on land. Vikoristannya of marine resources is economically primed, as there are fewer products available on the market than on land. If there is an absolute shortage of that one resource on land and industry, the development in the ocean can be fully developed, as vitrati can be found more, lower on land. Rule of thumb for the economic efficiency of the management of marine resources because of the prospects of their exploitation in relation to their land-based counterparts. The development of deyak marine resources in Danish hour can be insufficient, albeit rozrakhunki allow you to make a big deal, if you are.
Assessment of marine resources is especially necessary for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of great visits to the development of resources and re-development natural center... So yak їkh zdіisnennya tied with inevitable losses of a part natural resourcesі local destructions of the minds of the life of people. Variety assessment cannot be a single criterion for the provision of nutrition for a comprehensive and rational assessment of natural resources. When assessing natural resources, there is a trend towards rational environmental protection in the minds of the ocean. For the sake of thinking about the geo-ecological balance of the state, foreign to the maximalism of living, protecting and developing, biological, recreational and other resources. Tilki in the whole vipadku human suspension the right to rozrahovuvati to harmonious revolution with nature.
The resources of the Holy Ocean move on as they come to life, reserves that do not come on at the pace of development of the people, and on the way, as the process of natural processes on the Earth changes, is characterized by One hundred percent before the natural resources of the Holy Ocean in the state-owned state of affairs, the stinks are subdivided into these types: biological, syrovinn (mineral, chemical, water), energy and recreational.
Biological resources of the Holy Ocean. Due to the biological resources of the ocean, there are stocks of seaweed and food, as with existing knowledge, the development of technology is economically and to a high extent victorious in the state turnover for satisfying the consumption of the suspension without a school for the renaissance of natural vitality.
In all parts, repaired from the primary suspension, the voucher and the processing of biological resources were an important part of human activity. There are 80-90 million tonnes of tons in the oceans. Seafood. They are 30-35 million tons. They will be processed into fodder flour for food, and the sieve will store all close to 1% of the food produced on the planet. Infection of food products, eliminated from the aquatic environment, in the light of becoming 24% of the food grade food is significantly supplied with milk (43%) and meat (35%) products. At the same hour, only NECTON creatures can produce up to 40 million tons of Bilka, 8 million tons of fat (2 times more than not even good quality) and 2 million tons of Vuglevodiv.
In the assessment of food resources in the ocean, there are two super-articulate straightforward. Behind her, not a thought about the inexhaustibility of resources, but in practice, it has repeatedly led to overfishing of some species of ribs and sea creatures, and some of them to the knowledge of their biological species. On the other side, there are plenty of forecasts for a quick increase in the catch. This is important for the nobility of the biological productivity of the ocean, of all the trophic rivniv and the Kintsev Lankas, which are the basis for the living of the people.
For the assessment of the growing and natural resources in the ocean, it is important not only to store biomass in the aquatorium, but also to increase the value in one hour.
Razrіznyayut primary products, if organic speech is synthesized from mineral speech, and secondly - approved by organisms, which is grasped by organic speech without average, or in the process of giving one one.
When blown out, they are cinnamon, uncorrosive and shkidliv for people with organisms. The quality of the organisms, the steps of their cornsity, are represented by the evolution of the interests of people and the possibilities of their satisfaction, it is possible to lie down folk traditions, Social minds, equal civilization and technical progress.
The primary basis for the biological productivity of the entire ocean is bacteria and phytoplankton. As a result of the photosynthetic activity of the growths in the waters, there is a supply of energy, for the rakhunok, which lives with organisms. Most of the photochemical processes in the oceans are carried out as well as bacteria. Yaki serve as an important element of feeding for zooplankton and ribs at the larval stage of development.
For the development of phytoplankton, there is a good supply of biogenic rivers, illumination and water temperature. The main mass of phytoplankton is located in the upper sphere of water (up to 100-150 m). Most of the growth is observed in the regions of the inner and subpolar latitudes, sometimes in the higher educational establishments, in the coastal regions and in the upwelling zones. The high bio-productivity of these regions is explained by the intensive vertical and horizontal changes of water, which deliver bio-generative speech to the upper, photic ball of the ocean. The country is massively established in the oceans for phytoplankton, 1200 billion tons, the basis of which (80-90%) is stored in peridines and diatoms.
The basis of phytobenthos is stored by macrophysiaries. Tse bury, chervoni, green water growth and deyakі from vishny kvіtkovyh roslin. By stretching out the stink to produce masa, the equal to your biomass - about 0.2 billion tons. Macrophies do not conceal the initial significance in the process of forging the establishment of organic speech in the ocean, but people do not get used to living in a country, vicariously feed on thinness, as a kind, lykarsky zasobiv, Ingredієntіv khlіba, zukerok, canned meat, іnіkh emulsions, syrovini for removing potash and iodine, soda і etc.
Phytoplankton is a food for most species of zooplankton, but not for everyone, as it is seen as a food for bacteria or zooplankton. For more than 2000 species of planktonic creatures, the most widespread are cancer-like (1200 species) and intestinal-fermented (400 species). Zooplankton, yak and phytoplankton, sack-head rank in the surface horizons of the ocean. Win zdіysnyuє postіynі additional and seasonal migrations. Biomas to zooplankton will be approximately 20-25 billion tons, and rychna products - up to 60 billion tons.
The reserves of zoobenthos - twarin (without ribs), which linger on the bottom or at the bottom of the ocean, in the main in the shelf zone, - is estimated at 10 billion T. Rich product of this low is close to 3.3 billion T. Bagato does not appear in bental organisms. in grub lantsyugs, not є food for ribs and ssavts. Biomas of food benthos, a great share in the production of corny organisms for people, or to come without a mediocre population, to become approximately 2 billion tons, and the production of small quantities is close to 1 billion tons.
As a rule, by the lanks of the grub lancer, which without the mediocre wickedness to become a human, Nekton creatures are great representatives of the marine fauna, so that they actively move in the waters of important cities. Necton is mainly represented by ribs, savtsy, cephalopods (head squid) and crayfish (most of them are shrimps). The average estimate of the total amount of nekton becomes 1 billion tons, half of the attack is on rib. Richna products for nekton are close to 360 million tons. In total, there are close to 16,000 species of ribs in the Svitovoy ocean. Out of them there are only 800 є of the sea industry, and only 76 species of ribs store 56% of the catch.
The biological productivity of the ocean is the basis of food resources, like the ocean of people and how they can be vicorian. The main directions of the improvement of the efficiency of the new industrial areas in the new industrial areas in the new industrial areas in the new areas of the ocean and the waters of the ocean, the development of this complex biological model
Syrovinni resources of the Svitovoy ocean. There are 76 elements of the Mendelian table near the sea water. On 11 of them, 99.98% of the mass of all salts found in the ocean falls. Price for all chlorine (19 g / l), the highest for chlorides, dal sodium (11 g / l), sirka in other cases (3 g / l), magnesium (1.3 g / l), calcium (0.4 g / l), calium (0.4 g / l), spoluca in carbon, strontium, bromine, fluorine and boron. In addition, in the sea water, organic and biogenic speech is dispensed, as well as gases (kissen, nitrogen, water, argon, etc.). The partnership of all chapters, which is located in 1 km 3 of water, amounts to 1 billion dollars. USA. Stocks of chlorine in the ocean are stored at 29.3 x 10 15 tons, sodium - 16.3 x 10 15 tons. This seafood is often called "maybutny ore".
Naybilsh ancient industrial mineral resources from sea water kitchen salt... Even before our era, the Egyptians added sil from the waters Midland Sea... Until now, about a third of the cost of living of salt (about 35 million tons) will be taken care of for the boiling water of the sea water. A view of the kitchen salt is seen, as a rule, in an ancient way, from the sleepiness of sleepy energy in the siege basins. For otrimannya 1 million tons of salt is required viparuvati approximately 120 million tons of sea water. Kitchen food is not only a valuable food product. Vona pick up for the preparation of hydrochloric acid, for cleaning up the rocks, mila, paper, cleansing fat, floating metals, etc. The reserves of salt in the ocean must be cleaned up for milliard rock.
Morska water і added salts of dried seas є the main dzherelnyya bromine. A bit of a bromine vid in the light of 100 yew. Tons per Rіk. It is widely used in the quality of Anti-knock products, among the anti-knock-ons, licks, photo-reagents, fire-breakers, etc.
The concentration of magnesium in sea water is 300 times less than in earthly ores, however, it is now cheaper to use magnesium from water, less from solid ores. First, Magnesium from sea water was added to England in 1916. Infected from it to catch close to 40% of the amount of magnesium consumed in the light. Magnesium is widely used in lithuania and rocket production, in business, black and color metallurgy, in pharmaceutical, light industry and in the civilian government.
The development of atomic energy has grown rapidly on uranium. Yogo stocks on land are stored in total 800 thousand tons. The sea water has nearly 4 billion tons of uranium. In the Bagatyokh Lands, special methods of using uranium from sea water are patented. To transfer, until 2000 rock the third uranium can be seen from the sea.
A number of countries are tempted to know "cheap" ways to get gold from sea water. They have worked out 10 million tons of gold, and only 35 thousand tons are stored on land. One of the methods of processing gold for the addition of installations with ion exchange resins allows you to trim approximately 1 mg of gold from 500 thousand liters of water. With the whole method, the vidbut of gold vitrati in a few thousand times in the amount of income. More promising can be a vidbut of medium, some of its concentration in sea water in 60 times more than gold. In the oceans, 600 million tonnes of oil have been sold. Yogo stocks on land in total 130 yew. Tons.
Vidobuvati from sea water and mineral syruvin at a concentration of lower, lower concentration of boron (4, 6 mg / l), including gold and medium, at modern technology not obvious. There are some new ways to develop valuable microelements, including biochemical methods. Marine creatures and growths may be able to feed and concentrate deyaky chemical elements in your body. View of iodine from the middle of the sea, go along the path of processing the algae, as they piled up hundreds of times more, not to take place by the water. Significant concentrations of cobalt and radioactive plutonium-239 were found in sea crayfish (lobster and lobster), vanadium - in goloturia and ascid tissues, honey - in oyster cells, zinc, lead tin. Not vklyucheno, it is not a bar to be found in the backwater-farm for the removal of mineral elements. Prospectively, the removal of microelements from hot saltwaters near sub-water hydrothermal zones confined to rift fractures of the seabed. Concentration in brines of saline, manganese, zinc, lead, mineral, gold, medium and other metals in a thousand times overturned them in comparison with sea water. In Japan, the methods are broken down to make copies of lithium, rubidia and cesium from by-products, and cooking salt from sea water. They started to get stuck in rocketry, nuclear, radioelectronic technology.
Near the sea water, beyond the razchinenih rivers, there is a majestic number of respected parcels. The form of a coloidal suspension in the ocean contains a fraction of gold, manganese, lead, zaliza, silica, cobalt, etc. As long as we do not know the effective ways of developing a valuable part of minerals, there is still an intensive science of science in the region.
On the cob of the XX century, the living of good water grew rapidly. It has reached as much as 4000 km 3 in the region, and at the closest 20-30 in the age not less than 1.5 times. The rapid growth of the population of the Earth, the improvement of the living with the great government and industry, have re-solved the problem of the lack of localization in the global. We have a growing number of problems and an ever-increasing role in introducing marine resources.
For the people of industrial control installations, they began to study only in the 19th century - on the cob of the 20th century. The distillation method of determining the water and the good and at a glance is to go with the electrical power on the dual-purpose atomic water power plants. The order of the detailed distillation method is developed and stagnated; these are the ways of removing the sweet water: by way of natural and piece-by-piece vimorozuvannya (gas-hydraulic method); chemical exchange processes (reagent methods); extractive processes; from membrane storage (electrodialis); biological methods. Technical progress in the ways and methods of determining the drive and zooming in the lower reduction of the efficiency and effectiveness. Infections of the depleted sea waters in the light reach up to 40 million m3 of water for doba.
Significant resources are found in continental and shelf ice. The stinks are mostly stored in Antarctica and store close to 24 million km 3. The ice continent has a lot of ice in the ocean near the icebergs, 2800 km 3 of ice, with 2400 km 3 of clear water. Food about the transport of icebergs, with the method of rejecting the gracious water, was repeatedly discussed at the international forums. A lot of options have been propagated. See and know projects for the delivery of water from the small domes of Antarctica and Greenland. Already, the hour of the wide victorious season of the fresh ice-covered waters has not begun. Х great reserves є the most valuable reserve of people.
The naphtha was known for a long time about sea genera. In 1824, in the districts of Baku, 20-30 meters away from the shore, they built wells, isolated from the water, and drew naphtha from the horizon. In 1870, in the outskirts of the Idzumosaki place in Japan, there were boulevards of islands for naphtha cherries. In 1891, on the Californian Uzbek coast, there was a storm of stolen Sverdlovins, as they went up to 200 meters from the coast. In 1933, in the Maracaibo Zatotsi, the first sea was drilled under the water of the Nafta Sverdlovina.
Infection of naphtha and gas genera is seen in 50 regions, the species is in 25 regions. The depths of the development drill reached 2500 meters, and the exploitation robots were carried out at the depths of up to 1000 meters. In 1985, the share of sea naphtha in the zagalnyy svit vodku sold 28, 4%, and the share of gas - 20%. Until 2000, half of the oil and gas will be transported from the Svitovoy Ocean. The development and production of oil and gas will be serviced by the great specialization fleet, which has 3500 ships and a fleet of helicopters in 2000 units. Around 10,000 naphtha platforms have been erected, majestic sub-water naphtha storage facilities are being built, a net of sub-water pipelines has grown rapidly, reaching 30,000 miles. I have honored the development of naphtha and gas refineries without being in the sea on piece islands.
Morska vidobutok naphtha vimagaє majestic capital vitrates. The participation of one current drilling rig, in terms of deposits of design, ranges from 25 to 180 million dollars, and the naphtha platforms reach 2 billion US dollars. The amount of vitrate is found in the sea, geological, hydro-logical, meteorological, ice and other factors. Burynya of one middle section in the Mexican or Persian ones will cost close to 1 million dollars, and in the Beaufort Sea and the Bering Sea - up to 70-90 million US dollars. However, the total amount of oil received from the sale of sea naphtha 4 times and transformed vitrati.
Naybilsh old people and developed area of sea water transport of oil and gas є aquatoria of the Mexican inflow. In the American Uzbek, there are about 700 industrial naphtha inflows, which make up 50% of all genera found in the Holy Ocean. Another oldest area of the sea is the lagoon of Maracaibo. The first place in the sea view of naphtha occupies the land of the Perskoy outflow. Sleeping on the dry land Arabiy Pivostrov inflow to avenge more than half of the global oil reserves. An important oil and gas bearing region is the aquatoria of the Pivnichny Sea. In a number of the largest and most promising regions, there is a naphtha-container in the West Africa. Promising development of naftogaz resources in the continental shelf of the PRC. Even more abundant in the carbohydrates of the genera of the shores of California, Indonesia, India, the shelf zone of Australia, the Cook tributary (Alaska), the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Pivnichniy The icy ocean and the Caspian Sea.
For small dzherels, estimates of potentially quiescent marine resources of naphtha and gas in the amount of 100 to 311 billion tons of naphtha, of which 68% are dumped at depths of up to 200 meters.
Prospectively, we can see, recently, gas-hydrated loads on the surface of the bottom and in the multifaceous bottom soil of the deep-water lakes in the ocean. Gas hydration is the collection of carbohydrate gases with water, which is located in a very stagnant camp. Behind the physical authorities, the stench is similar to ice. One cubic meter of hydrate will be replaced by 200 m 3 of gas. The vast reserves of solid combustible gas at the bottom of the ocean in hundreds of times outweigh the reserves of vugil, oil and gas in all those developed for the present day of birth. In such a rank, the structure and the association of potential resources in carbohydrates are friendly for the development of the naftogaz industry in the Svitovoy Ocean.
Hard brown copalini. Lay hard cinnamon copalins to grow on the roots, so that they develop on the places of their primary dough, and the growths, which are established, in the main, as a result of the winding of the ulamic material, by the waters of the coastal land. Corinthians, in their own turn, are motivated by the lust, as they run from above the bottom, on the surface, on the bottom at the end of the line, mules, etc.
The most significant is the consumption of oil and gas in the Danish hour of May of the development of metal bearing minerals, diamonds, alarm materials and burshtin. On some types of syruvini, the sea rosci can be more significant. The stench will supply 100% zirconia and rutile, 80% elmenite and more than 40% cassiterite to the market. There is a place near the vidbut of rosy metal-bearing minerals to be found in Australia. uzdovzh її shidny uzberezhzh rozsipi reach for the second thousand kilometers. Stink to revenge close to 1 million tons of rutile, 1.4 million tons of zircon and 30.0 yew. Tons of monazite. Bagati ilmenite-zirconium rosipi know about the shores of Africa, Brazil, USA, New Zealand, India, Shri-Lanka. Titanium-magnetite and magnetite genera are distributed on the island of Honshu in Japan, on the Uzbek coast of New Zealand and the state of Washington in the United States, in the Baltic and Black seas, at about. Іturup and іnshih regions. Zirconium, titanium, hafnium and other metals can be removed from the minerals, which may be of great strategic importance. Smell vikoristoyuyutsya in nuclear energy, electronic technology, in the production of heat and refractory alloys for aviation and rocket technology.
Great respect in svitі come to vidіlaєku kasiterita - tin ore... Infect the ocean with 10% of the tin tape. This is the main lineage of growth in the coastal zones of the provinces of Pivdenno-Eastern Asia, Australia, Tasmania, Great Britain and other regions.
On the western-western Uzbek coast of Africa, diamond-bearing deposits are exploited, which give 5% of the amount and 20% of the gross margin of the light type of diamond. The stench is so visible on the shores of Namibia, Angola, S'orra Leone. Gold-bearing beaches of the sea Uzbeks, especially the Gold Coast, near the town of Nome (Alaska), good from the hours of the "golden fever". In 1964, the development of the Chold Coast Nomine rose with 15 g / m 3 of gold. The total gold reserves in the whole region are estimated at 37.7 tons (with no less than 0.25 g / m 3). From the gold-bearing peaks of the Uzbeks of the Californian, Panami, Chili, Turechchini, Egypt, Pivdenno-Western Africa. Since 1935, in the Goodnews (Alaska), with a sea level of 30 meters, platinum peaks are broken up with platinum up to 10 g / m 3. In the USA, up to 90% of platinum can be removed from the seabed.
Amber, an object of embellishment and a valuable sirovin for chemical and pharmaceutical industry, is developed on the shores of the Baltic, Pivnichny and Barents Seas. On an industrial scale, burshtins are seen in Russia, in the greatest number of them they can be found on the beaches of Poland.
Among the non-difficult syruvina in the shelf zone are of interest in glauconite, phosphorite, pyrite, dolomite, barite, and useful materials - gravel, sand, clay, turtle. The resources of an easy-to-use system can be expanded into thousands of rockets. Intensive video recording of alarm materials in the sea is occupied by the abundant coastal regions.
In the rest of the rock, there was a pleasant perspective of the form of the core load of the marine overhead mining by the mine method. There are more than hundreds of sub-water mines and mines, laid from the coast of the mainland, natural and piece islands for vugil, gold ore, copper-nickel ores, tin, mercury, and salty types. Deyaki from the mines and mines reach a depth of 2400 meters in the lower sea level, from the coast to the distance up to 8 km in the sea with up to 120 meters of water.
From the bottom of the family in Danish hour you can see the coast - the coast of Canada, Japan, Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia; zaliznu ore- at the skeleton of Newfoundland, in the coastal zones of Japan, France, Finland and Sweden; mid and nickel - in the Hudson's place; tin - at the Cornwall in England; mercury - bilya uzberezhzhja Turechchini in the Egeyskiy sea; sirki - the beach of Luiziani in the USA.
values mineral resources lay down in glide-water areas of the ocean. Hot rose salts and mules with a lot of metals (zaliza, manganese, zinc, lead, honey, silver, gold) appeared in the deep-water part of the Red Sea. The concentration of metals in hot salts changes up to 50 × 10 3 times in sea water. Їх reserves in metal-bearing silts of the Red Sea are estimated at 130 million tons. At the top 30-meter ball, there is gold, mineral, zinc and silver in the amount of 2-3 billion US dollars.
More than 100 million km 2 of the oceanic bottom is shrunk with a ball of red glibokovnogo clay, pulling up to 200 meters. The stench contains 15-20% aluminum oxide, 13% zinc oxide, as well as manganese, copper, nickel, vanadium, cobalt, lead. The reserves of cinnamon clay are estimated at 10,000 trillion. tons, and їх rіchny pririst - 500 million tons. Glauconite peas (aluminosilicate and saline), water and cream mules are widely expanded in the Oceania. Stocks of vapnyak bottom deposits (globigerin, foraminiferovimi) are estimated at 10,000 trillion. tons, and siliceous (diatom) - 10 trillion. tons.
It is of particular interest for the lights to come to the end. The majestic dilyanki of the seabed are planted with gold-manganese, phosphorite and barite nodules. The stench may be purely sea-boring, it was established as a result of the precipitation of the differences between the waters of the river on whatever substratum.
Phosphoresis of the end of the mineral is phosphorite, widely used in the quality of the good in the Silskoy state. Most of the phosphorus-containing end phosphorites and phosphorus-containing rocks are developed in phosphate peaks and strata deposits on the ice rocks of the ocean. Svitovi potential reserves of phosphate syruvini in the ocean are estimated at hundreds of milliard tons. Industrial reserves of phosphorites are known close to the Californian and Mexican Uzbeks, along the coastal zones of the Indian African, Argentina, the western US, in the shelf parts of the periphery The Pacific, Bilya shores of New Zealand, in the Baltic Sea. Significant reserves of phosphorites have been found in the central parts of the oceans.
Barite ends, replace 75-77% of barium sulfate, which is vicious in the chemical and commercial industries, known for the shores of Shri-Lanka, in the Sea of Japan and other regions.
Zalizo-manganese concretions of the past 100 years. The stinks whistle the bottom in the Bagatio regions of the Svitovoy Ocean, ale the most promising and promising genera of rosters in the Pacific Ocean. Before the warehouse of cich concretes, there are no metals: manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, molybdenum, vanadium, up to 30 elements, and ale overload of gold and manganese. The reserves of ferromanganese concretes are estimated at 2-3 trillion. tons. The stench is overwhelming stocks, appearing on land for cobalt 5,000 times, manganese - 4,000 times, nickel - 1,500 times, aluminum - 200 times, mid - 150 times, molybdenum - 60 times, lead - 50 times and zalose - 4 times. The United States, Japan and the largest regions of the development of hydraulic and mechanical methods have a voucher for the final design. Glybokovodnі aparati with video systems, drilling attachments, with remote controls were built, which expanded the possibilities of their vivchennya. Bagato fahivtsiv prophesy a vid of zalizno-manganese concretes bliscuche maybutnє, stverdzhuyuchi, shho їkh mass vidobutok poklade the edge of the shoe industry on land. However, on the way to the development of the end, there are many more non-virtual technical, exploitation, environmental and political problems.
Energy resources of the Holy Ocean. The problems of energy reserves of the Earth became especially relevant at the earliest 1970s, since the developed lands saw the marriage of energy resources. Years in the light energy balance 97% of needs are covered for the collection of non-fueled resources. With the projected average growth rates of energy consumption (4%), the new reserves of vugilla, oil and gas will be reduced in approximately 150 rubles. Assess the stocks of nuclear firing is much more foldable, ale and the stench is not indiscriminate. Singing hopes to mate with robots in the field of thermonuclear energy. But for nuclear and thermonuclear, as for fire, for a hundred shortages - the transfer of part of the heat to the atmosphere is transformed into the atmosphere. Whenever the amount of "piece" heat energy reaches 5% of the amount of sleepy radiation coming to the Earth, then there may be a steady change in the heat balance and climate on the Earth. Survive the difficult and difficult times of tomorrow and start structural changes in the light energy state. People are not afraid all the time to turn to new ones, we clean energy resources ecologically, so we start to get electromagnet vipromagnets, the warmth of earthly nadr and gravitational forces, Enveloped by the collapse of Misyatsya and Sontsya. In all, robots are widely conducted in the field of sleepiness, winter and geothermal energy. A significant role in the energy of the future is introduced and the power of the energy supply of the Svitovoy Ocean.
The main energy of the Holy Ocean includes the energy of the species. Tse energіya vіtru, hvil, flushing, ocean currents, Temperature gradient, salinity and biomass gradation of sea water. Estimates of energy reserves in the skin type of energy in the ocean, as they are, so they are acceptable for re-development, are quite differently developed. It is practically necessary to vikoristovuvati the energy resources of the Svitovoy ocean in such boundaries, so that the energy conversion did not lead to the non-gutter snakes of the midst of the village.
Nowadays, all types of energy in the world can become approximately 10 milliard tons of clean energy per pik (t u.p / pik). At the same hour, the progress of technical thinking in the future will allow for the energy supply stored in the ocean, not less than 200 billion T cp / ric, so that it is practically possible to solve the energy problem at the closest point. However, it is not easy to kill. The concentration of energy in water masses is still low, and for the removal of the necessary amount of heat and electricity, it is necessary to have a great deal of equipment, to build up the great amount of water. Great technical difficulties are also beginning to be uneven and in vain for the nature of the energy efficiency, the amalgamation of the oceanic middle ground.
The pre-development of the ocean energy industry has been actively pursued since the earliest 1970s in the USA, Japan, France, Great Britain, Norway and the United States. In a given hour, in the Bagatian lands, there will be scientific and technical programs that will transfer energy resources to the ocean, the points of demonstration and industrial oceanic energy installations.
There are five main renewed energy sources of the Svitovoy ocean with potential reserves: leakage - 0.05 TW, hvilyuvannya - 2.7 TW, hot water - 0.03 TW, temperature gradient - 2.0 TW and salinity degree - 2.6 TW ... 1 TW drive 10 12 W earthly coo in Danish hour.
In the Danish hour, when the energy diversified to the ocean, it is practical to vikoristovuyutsya at the great energy deprived of the energy of the reflux. The principle of otrimannya in tsyom vipadku to finish off the simplicity. The dam will see the water flow into the land of the sea, de-spostering a lot of water. At the dam, the passage and the installation into the new turbine. For an hour the water flows through the passage into the inflow, and for an hour, for an hour - from the inflow. In both vapadas, the turbine is wrapped and the power is vibrated. With a friendly contour of the coast and a high tide, such an electric power station is economically efficient, due to the large rivers HES. In 1967, the French ball was prompted by the city of Saint-Malo in the country of the Rance ball. KW. Russia has a PES capacity of 400 yew. KW Bula was prompted in 1968 at a distance of 100 km from Murmansk in the throat of the Kisly Bay. Pislya Kislogubska PES in 1984 was motivated by PES in Canada, and in 1985 in China in the girl of the river. Qianjiang. Projects of PES in the inflows of Saint-Malo (12 million KW), Fundi (6 million KW), Lumbovka on the Kola Peninsula (700 million KW), Penzhinskaya Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk (100 million KW), etc.
The idea of converting heat to the ocean into electric power should be laid down by the friend Jules Verne, the physicist of d'Arsonval, who published in 1881 a statute on the possibility of a victorian for a set of installations of two types - a closed cycle in the middle of industrial At OTES, which operates according to a closed Renkina cycle, warm surface water is pumped through the heat exchanger of the viparnik, which is converted into steam at a low temperature of the boil (ammonia, freon, propane). The steam of the moving grip pass through the turbine into the refrigerator, de-condense when it comes into contact with the surface of the heat exchanger, cool down the path of pumping cold water, as it flows through the pipes behind the auxiliary pump from the path of 700-900 m. latitudes of the ocean, close to 80% of the power supply is used for the robot pumping and additional possession. In such a rank, the efficiency of OTES for the management of power needs in the paths should not be more than 25%. At a temperature difference of 20 ° C, theoretically, the CCD of the OTES closed cycle does not exceed 7%.
At OTES, which work according to Claude's open-circuit cycle, heat sea water served at the viparnik through a deaerator, which is a kind of vid in different gases, and then it is brought to a boil down to 0.03 kgf / cm2. pumps from the sea to the ocean. In the Danish hour, the OTES is considered to be of the type type. Electricity service OTES is 6-8 cents / kW x year, at a rate of 2-3 cents / kW x year. The cost for TES (large) is significantly cheaper than the cost of electric power sleepers (2 dollars / kW x year). First, until the last OTES, the power of 22 kW was designed by the French engineer J. Claude, and in 1928 he was arrogant on the island of Uzbek Kubi. OTES is infected in Japan, USA, France, Great Britain and other countries. Intensive science is being conducted in the region.
The first in the light of the patent for the pristіy, which vikoristovu energіyu khvil, buv the visions of the French - father and synovі Gerard in 1799 rotsі. One of the first, practically efficient hvilyovy installations, intended for supplying water to the water supply, started its work in 1889 on the Uzbek banks not far from New York. The versatility of the implementation of numerical projects for the re-implementation of energy needs to start with a low concentration of energy, inappropriateness in space and time, a wide range of numbers, aggressiveness of the oceanic midst and the most important transmissions of the coastline. All hygienic attitudes are cleverly divided into two circuits: the first one, which will prevent the transmission of energy to the working organ, and the second one, which will transform the energy into a viglyad, which is handy for the welfare. The primary contour has a variety of physical health effects, such as the change of the level of the drive from the stationary spaced bed; periodic change on the heel of the hvilovoy surface; hydrodynamic grip of the line on the rework; change the hydrostatic grip for installation. In the quality of the working body, there is an element of the design of the installation, a gas of a kind, including a drink or sea water. The secondary circuit can be folded from decal steps, in some, on singing stages, the transfer of energy is shown in a mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic way. Reconstructing energy can serve as a power generator and hydraulic turbine, hydraulic motors, electroelectric generators, induction electrical machines and electrical generators. In Denmark, in the USA, Japan, Sweden, China, and in the regions of China, great scientific and technical programs are being developed to address the problem of adding energy to seafood.
Significant concentration of energy in the ocean, the order of the temperature range, leads to the dzherela of energy, tied with gradients of saltiness of sea water. There are the following methods of re-transforming the energy of the salinity gradation: osmotic, when the osmotic flow of water through the penetrating membrane is vikorized, so that the concentration of the concentration is different; vocal electrolysis, if the diffusion of ions through the cation-exchange and anion-exchange membranes to the electrodes is direct; adiabatic expansion of steam, if the grip of the water bet grows over the range of different concentrations, go into the vacuum steam turbine; electrochemistry, with a kind of electric strum between werewolves with electrodes, placed in the sea and water, streams, including those divided by a porous partition; mechanic-chemical, if cyclical constriction is carried out - the expansion of actions of polymerization during the closure of the differences in concentration; freezing, if the victoriousness is going to increase the amount of money, or the vice when the water is frozen, the more cold sea water is frozen.
Transferred to the power of electricity, which can be rejected at vicorian gradients of salinity of sea water is close to 3-4 cents / kW x year. Since 1979, in the United States, Switzerland, Japan, Israel and other regions, scientific development of programs and projects in the whole of the sea has been carried out, the stems of the pre-industrial installation for the Victorian of the city of saltiness of sea water.
In Danish hour there are numerical projects victorian energy sea flows for great and small energy. Most of them are based on vicorian shovel working wheels with vertical or horizontal wraparound, buried near the water. At the same time, the ideas of vitroenergetics are widely implemented - the Darina turbine, the Savonius rotor, as well as horizontal hydraulic turbines and other types of water engines.
In the case of light energy problems, more and more respect will come to vikorstannya, as a substitute for a wild fire and natural gas... In Japan, installations for the production of water from sea water have been broken up. A practically unacceptable energy source is thermonuclear fusion from the consumption of deuterium - an important water source. In the ocean, there is close to 2.5 x 10 13 tons of deuterium. Some important water, which can be found in 1 liter of water, can give you a style of energy, and 120 liters of gasoline. The development of thermonuclear energy will allow the significant improvement of energy resources in the Svitovoy Ocean.
Still one more direct tsіkaviy - oceanic bioenergetics, which allows "viroshuvati" firing in the ocean. There is a great amount of sleepy energy to accumulate a storm of water growth, which in natural minds grows by 60 centimeters a day, reaching up to 60 meters. In the last ten years, green masa has become a potential source of methane rejection - a substitute for natural gas.
Svitovy ocean - tse our koliska and maybutn. Lyudin is the head of her mind to help her with energy. In our days, fantasies are drawn into reality. Head of the transfer of energy to the ocean at a common non-availability of the dzherel. In addition, the transformation of all types of energy into the Ocean and navkolishnє center on the basis of traditional energy installations at the chemical and nuclear firing in Denmark. Whenever a young, sluggish one is flowing into the midst of the world, then it can be changed by technical means and smart energy saving to the ocean.
recreational resources... For recreational reasons, the system will not take into account the need of recreants (who are welcome) during the weekend for health, sports and cultural and promotional activities. Vona grows on special territories, where the position of the settlement is known, and is the best place for permanent living. Trivial vidpochinok (recreation with nothing, the posture of a life-long life) for its zmist to get on with tourism. Most of the tourists are traveling through the recreation.
For a long time, the ocean and its shores have screwed people up as a quick fix and renewal of health. In this hour, more and more development of nabuva talasotherapy - a sea trip with victorious tonic and training methods of health improvement. sea coast Mayut with rich Climatobalneological possibilities, zooming with a specific inflow of sea water and the climate of the Uzbek people on the organism of the people. Morskі salts, you can easily get wet on the surface of the lungs, pleasantly pouring into the processes in the body. The houses of bromine salts, the rhythmic noise of the surf and the view of the calm sea give the knowledge of the stimulation of the central nervous system. Morska water is healthier for all functions of the human body, increasing its reactivity. They activate the life processes with the magnesium of the sea water, knit from the establishment of the cyst fabric, the podil of the clit, the exchange of words. Accumulation of magnesium in the body of people and stimulate the development of radioactive elements. Stagnation of sea water in bagatokh vipadki is a great drug effect, to prevent positive influx into the mental system, blood circulation, internal secretions, nervous system etc. An important factor of the seaside resorts is the sea bathing, which is used to put a lukewarm infusion on the nervous system and internal organisms. Often, the addiction of the sea Uzbeks is to accommodate the manifestation of mud and mineral waters.
The geography of the recreational fishing of sea and oceanic Uzbeks is due to the attractiveness (adaptability) of quiet coastal diversities, it is tied to the availability and handy development, special features of the attractiveness of the landscape, the development etc.
In Europe, there are the most fun for travelers and tourists on the shores of Seredzemny, Chorny, Pivnichniy and Baltic Sea... V pіvnіchnіy americі feel your admiration for Uzbek Florida and California. Great resorts on the birch of the Pacific Ocean are Mexico. Famous resorts of the Antilles and Bermuda Islands, Brazil, Peru, Columbia, Venezuela, etc. In Africa, the great recreational resources of the ancient Uzbeks are Morocco, Algeria, Tunisu, Libya and Egypt. Friendly mind for the development of the coastal adaptation є in India, Japan, Vietnam, Australia and other regions.
The ocean is also more important for transportation. Nearly 80% of all light transportation and 95% of transportation, connected with light trade, fall on sea transport. Understand "sea transport" to develop in the development of the ocean and in the fastest scientific and technical progress... The Svitovoy Oceans are getting more and more development of pipeline transport, aviation, and power transmission lines. The stench puffs up specific rice, as the minds of the ocean begin to smell. As a result of the development of tunnels, bridges across the sea crossroads into the ocean, such purely land types of transport are available as automobile and outdoor.
Yak is one of the types of natural riches in a wide sensible understanding є all the roses and creatures that linger in the oceans and seas. However, leave scho vikoristovuyutsya deprived of an insignificant part organic light the ocean. To that biological resources of the Svitovoy ocean actually serve as a deprivation of these groups and types of bags, which are sent to the state's sphere in the Danish hour economically justified.
For the scale of the victorious and the meaning of the occasion, a nekton is borrowed. The important part (80-85%) of yogo biomasi is represented by riba. Nearly 10-15% of all overgrown biomas and nekton are brought to the part of nekton cephalopods, the head rank of squid. Necton crayfish is represented by different types of shrimp. Morskі ssavtsі - in the main whale and the pinnipeds - borrow less than 5% from all biomasі nektonu. In a rather small step, benthos grows. In the middle of the zoobenthos, the state's interest is to represent the species of two-stalked molluscs (mussels, oysters, combs and in.), Crayfish (crabs, lobsters, lobsters), golkoshkirich ( Morski Yizhaki) That іnshih bottom creatures. The economic development of phytobenthos practical sucking know deyakі representatives of burikhs, worms and green algae, as well as vishny kvіtkovyh roslin. Recently, having become a vicorist, one of the species of plankton crayfish - krill. Tsim deposited an ear of oceanic zooplankton. Promisloviy vidobutok in the oceans phytoplankton is unrealistic, that is why this particular biomass is extremely small in terms of production.
Promisel tvarin and roslin in the ocean
The geography of the light industry of water creatures and roslin, so that the steps of the victorian base in the northern regions of the Holy Ocean, sound like natural, social, economic and legal factors.
Prior to the first expansion of the open spaces of the biological productivity of the ocean, which lie in the minds of the dynamic, hydrobiological minds, atmospheric processes, bottom profile, etc. At the Svitovoy Oceans, as it is on land, there are high-productivity and low-productivity areas. The most highly productive zones in the ocean, the level of productivity of certain types of land and other lands of the mainland, occupy all 17% of the area of the Holy Ocean. Low-productive ocean space, the productivity of which is located on a flat land, occupy 63% of the ocean area. This rank deprives 37% of the waters of the Svitovoy ocean falling on a part of biologically productive dalyanoks, mainly on the shelf, the periphery of the oceans and partly near the open waters, near the continental slope or above the ocean floor. By the step of productivity, there are some indicators of the type of industrial facilities, and the areas of fishing are based on the type warehouse.
Among the group of social and economic officials the most important are:
- Virobnichi. Rivn development of the Ribal technology and technology. They are related to the possibilities of developing more significant spaces and depths to the ocean, not only to the passive brezhnev, but to actively catching in the open waters, so that it allows more resourcefully sensitive oceanic resources.
- Economic. Mіsceznakhodzhennya main areas of living. For the least prying minds, the most intensively harvested water areas, so that they lie down until the time of processing of the syruin and the production of products.
- Social. The way of making a wide range of natural resources. Under the socialist systems of the state, the hijack fishing of ribs and other sea bags is included.
- Right. International please in the region view of biological resources. The stench in the meaning of the world vis-à-vis areas and fishing, a species warehouse of vicarious biological resources and large catches. So, for example, after the introduction of two hundred miles of economic zones, promissed in them was becoming a mighty one on the minds of interdepartmental lands. At the end of the day there is an intense shock of new industrial districts near the open waters of the Svitovoy Ocean, which has expanded the vastness of the frame of the viewport and the species warehouse of vicarious biological resources.
More than 100 the rest of the rock The pitchfork of water bodies has grown from about 2 million tons (1850 r) to 73.5 million tons (1976). Until another svitovoi vіyni promislovyvavavshis to reach the amount, and in 1938 the catch reached 21 million tons.
In military rock, it became insignificant, but since 1948, svitov ribalism began to develop rapidly; in 1950, the pre-year level of light catches was renewed, and it took a little further to grow. For the first 15 war years, the pitchfork of water facilities increased by 19 million tons, and for ten years (1961 - 1970), the growth of light catches has increased by 29 million tons. Intensive growth of catches in that hour became the leading rank as a result of the industry in the oceans and seas, when close to 90% of water creatures and roselin were caught. The rate of growth of catches at the internal waters became too low. Burkhlivy development of industrial ribalism in the Svitovoy Ocean, Silskoy government) Products, prepared from ribbons and other products of the sea, and the sophistication of industrial vessels, knowledge and technology of fishing, storage of new scientific equipment and technology of virobnitting allowed for a large increase in the number of views of biological resources.
However, the supra-specific visoka of the intensification of the type of water objects negatively signified on the reserves of the bagatokh from them, that the rate of development of the sea ribalism in the past has significantly decreased.
Industrial fishing in the water area of the Svitovoy Ocean grows unevenly. The price is supported by the spaciousness of the catch. For tradition, most of the accusations were made in the pivnichniy (on pivnich from 30 ° pn.sh.) zones in the ocean. Here, before another lightning, 80% of the ribs and non-commercial objects were covered. At the stage of the intensity of ribalism in the latitudinal zones, there was a lot of ruin in the rock.
The private food zone will occupy a certain place in the city of Ribalism, although it had changed by about 25% until 1979 from the pre-hour period. In the same hour, the part of the pivdennaya zone decreased (from 4% in 1948 to 18.5% in 1979) and decreased (from 40% in 1958 to 27% in 1979) part of the tropical. Somehow a high rate of vidobutku in the tropical zone and the growth of the vilov in the pivdenniy - characteristic of riceі modern ocean industry.
The most significant indicator of the day-to-day industrial ribalism is the rise in catches by the sinking waters of the Svitovoy Ocean. A large part of the Vilov is confined to the shelf waters, it is much less visible to see above the continental cliff and the ocean bed.
In addition, there is a small amount of thinness in the hour when the catch of the glybin is low. In Danish hour, the picture of the growth of the light catch along the mountain slopes is lost to the same.
Among the industrial ribs, there are pelagic species, the forks, which have grown for 27.5 million tons, while the species of the bottom bags have grown in all by 10.5 million tons. і from sophisticated methods of fishing ribbing and fishing technology. In addition, the species of the most popular representatives of the bottom fauna in the grub has been speeding up as a result of the change in their reserves, due to the bagatory super-intensive fishing.
Svitovy promise in the oceans and seas includes a number of the main groups to add organisms from the great nervous part of the skin from them to the zalny obsyazi vilyov. There is a large part (maybe 90%) for the rip-off, the other (close to 6%) is spineless, for the third (about 4%) there is a water line, and less than 1% yes, there is a promiscuous maritime industry. In addition to the most specific features in the catches of skin types from cich groups, there is no particularity of their own, so it is quite possible to see the types of industrial environments.
27. Biological resources of the Holy Ocean
understanding about biological resources You can treat the ocean of light in two sensations - wide and great. The first of them have all the roses and roses, which linger in the sea and oceanic middle, in the other - it is deprived of that part, as there can be no promises. As far as the mother on the ground is motivated for the victorious human resource, then the friend's interpretation, melodiously, is more correct. However, in the literature, an assessment of the total biological resources of the Holy Ocean is often developed.
The sumarny biomas of the Svitovoy oceans of growth dzherela viznachayut with great promises, but most often - in 35-40 billion tons. This means that the biomas of the Svitovoy ocean is much less than the biomasi of the land. For her, it is also characteristic of the same spіvіdnoshennya phіtomasi (roslinnі organіzmi) and zoomassi (tvarinnі organіzmi). On land, the phytomass outweighs the zoomass by about 2,000 times, and in the Holy Ocean, the biomas of tvarin overturns the biomas of the roslin by 18 times. Without the urahuvannya of human involvement in the natural processes of the marine ecosystem, like the ecosystem of the land, you can create yourself.
The biological resources of the Holy Ocean are characterized not only by even larger sizes, but by versatility. Lead the seas and oceans, by the day, are dense populations of lightless living organisms: from microscopic bacteria to the largest creatures on Earth - whales. On the great oceanic expanses, from the illumination of the Sun's surface to the dark and cold kingdom of sea gibs, there are about 180 yew sacks. Kinds of creatures, including 16 yew. More species of ribs, 7.5 yew. Species of crayfish, close to 50 yew. Species of gnarled molluscs. The Svitovoy Ocean also has 10 yew. Vid_v roslin.
Go to the way of life and misbehaving, everyone who lives in the Oceanic organisms will be raised into three classes.
Until the first class, Volodya is the most biomass and the most versatile species, plankton(In the crossbar from walnuts - "blukayuchy", "povitryanim"), phytoplanktonі zooplankton. Plankton widen is important in the surface horizons of the oceanic population (up to a level of 100-150 m), moreover, phytoplankton - the main rank of other single-layer water growths - serves as food for the species of zooplankton, which is beyond the abundance of the ocean) (20-25 billion tons) ...
To another class of marine organisms nekton(In the crossbar from walnuts - "floating"). Wine includes all the creatures that are self-contained in the water near the seas and oceans. Ce ribi, whale, dolphin, walrus, seals, squid, shrimp, octopus, turtles and deyaki іnshі vidi. The initial estimate of the total biomass for nekton is 1 billion tons, half of the attack on rib.
The third class of common marine organisms, to live on the bottom of the ocean, or in the bottom, - benthos(In the cross-section of walnuts - "pinning to the bottom", "glibinium"). Yak representatives zoobenthos You can name different species of two-stalked molluscs (mushrooms, oysters and in.), crayfish (crabs, lobsters, lobsters), golkoshkirich (sea lizards) and other bottom food. phytobenthos representations in front of the versatile algae. For the size of biomasi, zoobenthos (10 billion tonnes) gets less from zooplankton.
The geographic expansion of biological resources in the Holy Ocean (as in the biological resources of the land) is unevenly in the region. In the first line of sight, one can see clearly even more highly productive, highly productive, medium productive, unproductive and most unproductive areas. Naturally, the greatest government interest is to present two people from them. Same tsі oblastsі mav on uvaz V. І. Vernadsky, if he wrote about the presence of special people near the Holy Ocean thickened Such a thickened life is tied across the shelf zones (Fig. 29).
Tsikavo, the productive regions in the Svitovoe oceans may have the nature of latitudinal belts, but in the significant world it is surrounded by a different growth of sleepy energy. Thus, there is a clear view of the advancing natural ribogaspodal belts: Arctic and Antarctic (generally less than 1 and 15% of the area of the oceanic sector); Naybіlshe state-owned significance of them can be found in the Pivnіchno Pіvkulі belt.
for more main characteristics geographic expansion of biological resources great interest is represented by the growth of the world around the oceans of the Earth.
The first place is for the outbound biomass, and for the number of types of loan the Pacific Ocean. It will be explained in Persha Cherga by the majestic dimensions of the water and the great development natural minds in її between. Tvarinniy svit yogo behind a kind of warehouse in three-chotira times and bagatshe, below the other oceans. In fact, all kinds of living organisms that inhabit the Svitovy Ocean are represented here. The Pacific Ocean grows as a result of high biological productivity, especially in the Equatorial belts... The biological productivity in the shelf zone is even more great: there is a bag and spawning here, a large number of quiet sea creatures are important to serve as objects of the industry.
Small. 29. Riboproductivity of the Svitovoy Ocean (according to P.P. Moiseev): 1 - more than 3000 kg / km 2; 2 - more than 1000; 3 - ponad 500; 4 - more than 200; 5 - ponad 100; 6 - more than 10; 7 - more than 7 kg / km 2
Even more rich and useful and biological resources Atlantic Ocean... Yak and the Pacific Ocean, winners of high average biological productivity. Critters inhabit all of your waters. In the quiet and cold waters, there are great sea slugs (whales, pinnipeds), oseledtsy, tricky and іnshі vidi ribs, crayfish. In the tropical part of the ocean, a number of species are seen not in thousands, but in tens of thousands. Riznomanitni organisms baggy and in the deep water horizons in the minds of the majestic vice, low temperatures and every day. The abundance of plankton is very high between 45 ° and 75 ° both. And in the coastal regions there is a great expansion of seaweed (macrophysi).
Volodya's significant biological resources are also Indian Ocean, Ale vivcheni stench here is better and less vicious. Well, if you are afraid of the Pivnichny Ice Ocean, then the part of the cold and icy waters of the Arctic is uncomfortable for the development of life and is not very productive. Lack in the Atlantic Ocean, in the Gulf Stream zone, its biological productivity is growing significantly.
Russia is even great and versatile marine biological resources. In the first place, it is possible to go to the seas of the Distant Descent, and most of the growth (800 species) is meant for the coast of the old Kuril Islands, de-attracting the cold-loving and thermophilic forms. From the sea of the Pivnichny Ice Ocean, the Barents Sea is rich in resources.
28. Svitovi climatic resources
climatic resources nazyvayut non-viable natural resources, scho include in itself sleepy energy, vologue and energy vіtru. Oh, people do not live in the middle of material and non-material efficiency, people do not live in the process of vicariousness, or the smell can be lost (become bogged down) or become overwhelmed. Climatic is what they call the one that smells like it starts in front of these chi-ny special features of the climate.
Sonyachna energy is the greatest energy dzherelo on Earth. In the scientific literature, there is a number of people who want to endure a lot of growth, assessments of the exertion of sleepy radioactivity, as they are still spinning in different odds of vimir. For one of such rozrakhuniv, the normal sleepyachna radioactivity becomes 1.5-10 22 J, or 134-10 19 kcal, or 178.6-10 12 kW, or 1.56 10 18 kW per year. Tsya number of 20 yew. I have developed a modern way of living with energy.
However, the part of sleepy energy is not to reach the earth's surface, but to be driven by the atmosphere. As a result of the land surface and the Holy Ocean, the radio reaches a rate of 10 14 kW, or 10 5 billion kW-year (0.16 kW per 1 km 2 of the land surface and the Holy Ocean). Ale, zychayno, only very small її part can be practically vikoristan. Academician M.A. Chi not The main reason similar situation - weakness of sleepy energy.
However, he spoke about the average size. It has been reported that at the high latitudes of the Earth the density of sleepy energy becomes 80 130 W / m 2, in the world zone - 130-210, and in the kestrels tropical belt- 210-250 W / m 2. The price means that the most friendly mind for sleepy energy use in the countries, which are developed in the old belt, in Japan, California. The SND have about 130 million people living in areas that are friendly for the whole population, including 60 million in the Silk city.
Vitro energy of the Earth can also be assessed in a reasonable way. At the 14th MIREC session in 1989, the won was estimated at 300 billion kWh per year. Only 1.5% is suitable for technical development from the price of food. The main transition for the new is the lack of importance and the lack of vitality of the energy. On the other hand, on the Earth, there are such regions, they are deafly dim with sufficient strength and strength. The attachments of other districts can serve the Uzbek coast of Pivnichny, Baltic, Arctic seas.
One of the types of climatic resources can be in the value of agroclimatic resources, i.e. resources for climates, which can be evaluated from the position of living of agricultural cultures. Until the number factors - Sizn cikh cultures call out to bring food, light, warmth, vologue and lively speech.
Povitrya - tse natural summish gases, warehouse atmosphere of the Earth. Near the earth's surface, dry food is stored as a head of nitrogen (78% of the zagalny obsyagu), sour (21%), as well as (in small quantities) argon, carbon dioxide and other gases. For the life of living organisms, they are most important for the life of kissen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas... It’s smart to be categorized as unprecedented resources. However, there are also some related problems that are widely discussed in geography literature.
First of all, the problem is - as it is not paradoxical to sound - "whichever" to take revenge on the occasion of what is necessary for all living sourness. Vvazhaєtsya, until the middle of the XIX century. instead of sourness in the atmosphere, it was remarkably stable, and the loss of moisture during oxidative processes was compensated by photosynthesis. A little later, there was a step forward and decline - the first for everything as a result of the burning of organic fire and the expansion of technological processes. In our days, only the salvation of saliva can be produced up to 10 billion tonnes of vitriol per day. A passenger car on skin 100 km will run through a vitrach rychish ryok "ration" of one people, and all cars take away styles of sour, which were used for 5 billion people. In one transatlantic voyage, the jet liner will burn 35 tons of sour. The experts of the United Nations have shown that in our days on the planet they are living a lot of sourness, which would cost 40-50 billion people for the household. Only for the rest of 50 rockivs, it was vitracted for 250 billion tonnes of sour. Tse already called for a change in concentration in the atmosphere by 0.02%.
Evidently, it is also practically unnoticeable that the human organism is sensitive to a decrease in concentration by more, less by 1%. However, according to the reports of the home clinician-crimatologist F.F.Davitay, in case of a small growth, the sourness is irreversibly reduced by 1%; ... In the meantime, deyakі іnshі prelіdniki come before the week about those who do not represent a change in the supply of wine and will not be a serious concern for people.
Light (sonyachna radio) serve as the head energy source for all physical and geographic processes that run across the Earth. Call light energy to rotate in thermal units - calories per space per area singing hour... However, at the same time, it is important to ensure the reduction of visible light and invisible vyprominuvannya Sontsya, straight and rosy, imaged and deadened sleepy radioactivity, and intensity.
From the agroclimatic point of view, that part of the sleep spectrum is especially important, the yak, without the middle, takes care of the fate of photosynthesis, photosynthetic activity of radioactivity. It is also important to vrahovuvati until the dinner of a light day, with which the podrozdil of silky crops are tied into three categories: short-day roslin (for example, bavovnik, corn, millet), roslin the next day(For example, wheat, rye, barley, oats) and roslin, as it is often not enough to lie in this indicator (for example, dormouse).
Warmth is another most important factor, which is responsible for the growth and development of agricultural crops. Consider the reserves of heat to count the temperatures in the wiglyadas, possessed by the dewlines during the period of the vegetation period. Tsey exponent, titles the sum of active temperatures, buw proponents vidomim Russian agroclimatology G. T. Selyaninova in the 30s. XX Art. and from the quiet pyr it is widespread in scientific research. Wine is an arithmetic sum of all average pre-temperature temperatures for the period of growing season. For large grain crops pomirny belt, Also cold-resistant, the sum of active temperatures should start to dry for the period, if the average temperature exceeds +5 ° C. For those who are more thermophilic crops - such, for example, yak corn, dormouse, crickets, fruit trees - +10 temperatures ° C, for subtropical and tropical - +15 ° C.
Vologa is also a necessary mental life of all living organisms and agricultural cultures. It should be explained by the participation in photosynthesis, the great role in the processes of thermoregulation and the transfer of old talk. At the same time, beloved for the sake of insight into one of the dry speech of Roslin, you can take in yourself a hundred times more than the number of vologues.
For the purpose of establishing the size of the population with the help of roslin and the necessary level of growth, the growth of the population of the country should be taken into account. One of the best living indicators - hydrothermal efficiency- also the proponents of G. T. Selyaninov.
Wine is a reduction in the amount of active temperatures. Tsei indicator of vikoristovuyt і for the purpose of health protection of the territory with podrozdil її on dry dry (hydrothermal coefficient less than 0.3), dry (0.4-0.5), dry (0.5-0.7), I don’t know 0, 8-1.0), which is equal to the parish and vitrati (1.0), as well as a sufficient number of vologues (1.0-1.5) and too much (more than 1.5).
The position of the geographic development of agroclimatic resources velmi tsikavim є agroclimatic region of the world. In vіtchiznyani dzherels, as a basis, you should take the scheme of such a district, as it was broken up for agroclimatic atlas of svitu, and in 1972 Vona was stored in the vicarians of two heads.
on for the first time The area was carried out behind the stage of heat supply with the vision of the onset heat belts and sub-belts:
- the cold zone with a short growing season, the sum of active temperatures does not exceed 1000 ° C, and farming in open soil is practically uncomfortable;
- a cold belt, de heat-free growth from 1000 ° C at winter to 2000 ° C at winter, which allows you to grow unimpressed to the heat of culture, that is, in case of focal farming;
- in the middle zone, de heat protection varies between 2000 and 4000 ° C, and the triviality of the vegetation period varies from 60 to 200 days, while there is a possibility for mass farming with a wide range of crops (there are two types of crops) ;
- a warm (subtropical) belt with a sum of active temperatures from 4000 to 8000 ° C, which allows expanding the assortment of agricultural crops, having introduced into a new thermophilic subtropical species (in the new one, too, there are two subbelts - typically warm)
- a hot zone, the sum of active temperatures everywhere changes 8000 ° C, and in some to 10,000 ° C, which allows viroshuvati characteristic of tropical and equatorial zones culture stretching out to the rock.
on to another The agroclimatic region of the thermal zone and the sub-belt is divided into 16 regions, which can be seen in the fallowness due to the regime of disturbance (over-surplus, sufficient, insufficient - stretching out like a rock, so and around the third seasons).
Qiu zh klassifіkatsіyu, ale zzvichy surrounded by the first rіvnem and forgiven, stashed and in the main atlases, including in school. Behind the general maps, it is not very important to know about the areas of the expansion of the surrounding thermal zones. It is also possible that the territory of Russia is located between the three belts - cold, cool and peaceful. The axis of which the main part is occupied by the land with low and decreased biological productivity and sometimes small - with average productivity. Areas with high and even high productivity in the її boundaries are actually all day long.
29. Recreational resources
Good vidomo, how important is the place in the life of happy people recreation. Riznomanitni busy people, how to take part in recreation, name recreational activity. You can be more passive and more active, more vicious or less ruin of the population. At the same time, it can be short-hour (Saturday - week) and trivial (before the start-up hour). For non-typical seasonal activities (inflow - sea beaches and shores of rivers and lakes, vyku - areas and ski and ski sports, etc.).
Recreation activity is based on Vikoristan recreational resources, to start the recreational potential of this territory. Because of recreational resources, the mind of natural and anthropogenic objects, such as the power of such authorities, such as uniqueness, historical or artistic value, natural addiction, health and wellness is important for Regardless of the nature of the territory, the following is accepted: 1) due to the high intensity of recreation, at which recreation itself is to serve as the main species of land farming (parks, beaches and other zones of mass growth); 2) from the average intensity of recreation, such as vikoristy and for other, non-recreational purposes (primitive green growth, lisovy smog); 3) with a low intensity of recreation.
Yak vipliv from the induced visibility, all recreational resources can be used two main types: natural and recreational resources and recreational resources of anthropogenic hiking.
Prior to natural and recreational resources, there can be found and friendly from the point of view of recreation the surrounding components of nature (relief, climate, luster, water), and the whole of the natural complex. Remaining may include such "pari" yak, for example, "lis-watermu", "lis-lug", "pagorb - field" etc.
Falsely due to the infusion of natural factors on the human body three types of recreational resources. The first type is medical and biological, with a viral roll climatic minds(Temperature, weather, weather and smallness, triviality of frost-free period and in.) natural complexes for recreation. The other type is psychological-aesthetic, when in the first place there is an estimate of the natural inflow of natural landscape onto the people in the whole or around its components; it’s not a great role in a wide variety of landscapes. The third type is a technological one, which is capable of transferring the first for all the possibilities of engineering and educational development of natural and recreational areas (the establishment of sanatoriums, budget accommodation, campings), lighthouse and base camp.
Recreational resources of anthropogenic walking are often called cultural and historical resources. Smell to serve as a head change for the organization of cultural and educational recreational activity and a lot of reasons to start recreational streams of people. Such resources are subdivided into materials, isolated in specific material objects, and spiritual, which are seen in science, education, mystery, literature, folk pobut and creativity. It is also accepted to visit the monuments of history, archeology, city building and architecture, art.
Bagato regions have long since thought to put together their own kind of register of their main natural and cultural and historical monuments, to live the necessary visits for their safety and immediately promote them as to recreation and tourism. Even with all the importance of such a national approach, the understanding about All-holy natural and cultural decline of people. V.P. Geographic paintinglight... Have 2 book. book. 1: Zagalnacharacteristiclight. book... 2: Regional characteristiclight, M., Bustard, 2003-2004. 3. Maksakovsky V.P. Geographic paintinglight... Part 3. Global ...
Maksakovskiy painting svit book i i regional characteristic svit
bookMaksakovsky V.P. geographic paintinglight. book... II: Regional characteristiclight zagalnacharacteristic
Maksakovskiy picture of svitu book i i regional characteristic svitu (1)
bookMaksakovsky V.P. geographic paintinglight. book... II: Regional characteristiclight... Moscow, Bustard, 2009 4th ed., 480 ... Foreign Asia: zagalnacharacteristic Winning of new industrial regions (НІС ...
Maksakovskiy picture of svit book i i regional characteristic svitu (2)
bookMaksakovsky V.P. geographic paintinglight. book... II: Regional characteristiclight... Moscow, Bustard, 2009 4th ed., 480 ... zagalnacharacteristic Winning of new industrial regions (НІС ...
With the skin rock, everything is clearer, the future of the people, the development of the life of the state, of the science will be tied to the infinitely growing scientific and state mastery of the seas and oceans.
Biological resources and the advancement of the ocean surface is great, but in detail in such a small statty it is unfortunate. To that, we are deprived of it at some moments of the great problem, the great system of scientific dosages. Talk importantly about science and the state's development of the oceans, if you do not care about respect for the wisdom of the physical and cheeky authoritiesїkh majestic water mass. We know that the amount of water in the seas and oceans will cost 1370 million km 3, but it is far from knowing the value. It’s not for nothing that it seems that our planet will be correct, not the planet Earth, but the planet Ocean.
All the processes that take place in the oceans and seas, in the main, start with the peculiarities of the whole water mass - the great promise, the stirringability, warmth, the ideal state of affairs, the most salty spirits, richness її lives, surpluses і products of life of living organisms. All processes and events in the Holy Ocean are interconnected and interconnected - and seismic, and acoustic, and optical manifestations, І shape of bottom inserts, і chemistry reactions, Scho pass in a tight connection with the tall and warm light of the ocean.
It is wrong to think that the fauna that inhabits the sea and the ocean is identical to the fauna that lives on land. The most common fauna, and those groups, which are known on land, - komakhs, pavukopodibny, clams, board worms, amphibians, reptiles, ptahs - are not represented in the ocean. Seas and oceans are inhabited by about 180 yew. Kinds of living organisms. The process of radiation and morphology from the simplest, sponges, intestinal tracts, small worms and cancer-like, bryozoans, brachiopods and golkoshkіrі from bagatoklinnykh. І ribi, і ssavtsi in great greatness not like on land and in fresh waters. At the same time, the fauna of the seas and oceans is very long ago, the history of the history has been a lot of millions of rocks. , 3a, the last hour, arose in the biogenic siege generations, which may have lost the old 3.5 billion rocky. That fauna, as we know it on land, is a young fauna, and it starts in hundreds of millions of rocks for spineless ones, even more so, even less, in the middle Mesozoic, for ridge creatures.
In the oceans and seas, the surface zone, inhabited by dewlines, is approximately 100-200 m. Well vrahuvati, well, the sea growth may be completely stored from the green mass - "noble" elements, and in the ground stench there is a minority, then the growth will become even greater. With a wide variety of products of bottom organisms in coastal smoothies of seas and oceans pomirnyh zones it is not easy to reach 1000-1500 centners / ha, and near the water center, the process of running and creating new generations of living organisms is uninterrupted. Planktonic water growth can also give per hectare of sea surface a few hundred centners per hectare.
True, as soon as Uzbeks are going to the central part of the seas and oceans, a number of native and natural organisms will change. At the center of the ocean, plankton are dozens, hundreds, and some and thousands of times less than in the coastal zones. What can I explain?
The roguishness of the runt and surface of the oceans and the seas is due to a number of lively speeches, which can be vicious organisms. In soils there are reserves of cich rechovins in the edge of the border, and for the improvement of efficiency on a high level, it is necessary to systematically introduce new masses of goodness into the soil. "Main capital" - a stock of words, which can start the level of efficiency in soils, and even more mali in the case of the "werewolf capital" - a number of words, necessary for the same vegetation.
Calling in the oceans: in the sea water, in excess of all the words necessary for growing vegetation. In the superficial zone, photosynthesis is lacking. Near the depths of the oceans, thousands and millions of rock have accumulated over a great many years, truly grandiose numbers of "good". In the tsіy "komori" there are uncharted reserves of biogenic elements - salts of nitrogen and phosphorus and іnshі. To tell the story, that the growth of the upper zone and the sea and the oceans will live no more than 0.01 tons of reserves of living salts, which are stored in the mountains. In this vypadku "main" capital of the majesty in the context of the "werewolves".
Big chastina organic speeches, Zoseredzhenikh in marine organisms, when they are bent, I know to come into the sea water, so it is the very products of life. In such a rank, living organisms turn into the water the arrangement in the walls of the speech, except for this insignificant part, which I will take away from the ocean of the ludin. Stock up the words, which are the basis of the energy, in the ocean, they will be continuously renewed.
All the things that are necessary for the photosynthesis of speech can be found in surface watersі accumulate in the deep balls of the sea, turning some not so simple things. Near the surface zone of the ocean, demoralized photosynthesis (in the upper 50-200 m), there is only a small part to come up.
A number of biogenic elements, like coming near the upper ball from the glybin, lay down in the circulation of water in the ocean. If we talked more about the change in the growth of dewlap plankton from the visible from the shores, mi mali on the uvaz of the change in the number of lively speeches, like to put the development of dewy life between them. Yakbi tsikh rechovin was abundant, then in the central parts of the oceans, in the height of the line, there were styles, and in the Uzbeks. And then, for the growth of the Lankans, the living Lantsyuz - light spineless and Ribne population are developing.
With a piece walk, bringing lively speeches from above the rest of the sea and oceans do not live. Hardly chi about. it is possible to speak realistically - it’s a lot of money for someone good. However, for the okremikh big-mensh of the detached parts of the sea basins; This is practical.
It’s not a matter of private development of modern technology to make a real rise on the surface of waters rich in life-like waters from a mountain of 300-500 m.
In such a rank, the marine fauna is even more versatile, and the power of all the primordial qualities that are characteristic of the creatures of the world.
Science is very important for discussion of food, and food about the ocean is one of them. It’s absolutely a dumb dummy, as I think it’s that the ocean isn’t just because of the Mesozoic hour. Such a short term does not contribute to the history of fauna in the ocean, as it represents rice of a long time and significant primitiveness. Vicopni marine organisms from the Precambrian. One of the most interesting details of the marine fauna is the price of glide-water fauna. Expedition ship "Vityaz" in the number of flotation carried out vivchennaya glide-water fauna to such great depths, up to which the trawl could reach.
Naybilsha vіdoma depth ocean trocha more than 11 km, we have in the Kuril-Kamchatka depression - close to 10 km. Mizhe scho at home, in hundreds of kilometers from the Kuril Islands, we know the miraculous glibovodnu fauna, as we can vivchati, who do not add the majestic expanses of the ocean.
The fauna of great glybin is of great interest for a biologist, for the consideration of a number of even more important biological problems. Vaughn is a miraculous object for vivchennya processes of solubility and preoccupation to free minds. Besides, all the comrades of the ocean waters ( middle glybin the ocean is close to 4000 m) is less than one characteristic feature: On land, all creatures are associated with roslin. In the ocean, if you descend to a depth of 100 m, and you go from the upper production zone, inhabited by the found one-line algae - phytoplankton, and eat into the kingdom of the world, some deer trees, because the whole population cannot be covered with clay. for a rakhunok of quietly transformed organic speech, as a result of living growing organisms in the upper sphere of the ocean. Stink the whole ocean. Near the depths of the ocean there is a panu stiffness of all minds, even more insignificant salinity, temperature, a high grip. The depth to the ocean is a colossal natural pressure chamber, in every life the processes go through with a high vice. We know, for example, from physics, from metallurgy, as all the basic qualities of metals change when sliding grip... There are also chemical and biological processes to blame.
The attachment of organisms to the cich of free minds is, by itself, a problem for vivchennia, since we cannot touch the terrestrial fauna.
Those who know about glide-water fauna, systematic warehouse, morphological physiological specialties, Talking about gliboku її long ago.
I would like to mean one characteristic feature of the rosebush glibokovodnogo fauna. - її Razrіdzhenіst. If uzbeks have a number of creatures, they start in kylograms per 1 m 2 and all the stench is densely populated, then if you go to the central part of the ocean, then a few creatures will grow up to dozens of mils per 1 m 2, i.e. E. The creatures are highly susceptible, and from the set of specific attachments. Organisms develop even more subtle sensations, as they catch the best amount of water, light, and smell. The Bahatma is the most glib-water fauna, the vivchennya of the yakys is a luscious zest for the gliborate. Vivchennya to the ocean and the inhabitant of the life of the scientific problems number one, connected both with the most important problems of high science, and with the problems of the essence of practical significance.
It’s a sign that life is a special form of materiel. Life in the oceans and seas on the ground. 180 yew live in the ocean. View of tvarin and roslin. Living organisms store biological resources of the Holy Ocean. For its value, the stink takes 75% of the output of the product in the seas and oceans. Yakshcho chemical and mineral resources of the Holy Ocean are moving without interruption and may be a little rocky to protect people with other materials That biological resources to the ocean, in a persistent way, are interconnected and, in a different way, overwhelm Vladi people. Lyudin can change, polish and ruin. Aje mi znamo, chim more i more beautiful than ludin pratsyu on the fields, Tim has a bigger harvest. To what? That is why the biological productivity of zero is very important, given that the inveterate ruler is looking forward to it.
It is wrong to think that the ocean can be fertilized or that it can be infused into one piece of productivity. Zanadto are grandiose processes. We know about the role of the expeditionary fleet in the preliminarily ocean, the zokrem, about the robots of the scientific-pre-glorious ship "Vityaz". At the show, they work, as well as work, carried out with the help of other installations and at the same time, we can say that the biological productivity of the Holy Ocean is, in which the principle is the vision of minds on land. Produced in a part of the ocean as it is, as on land, є the growing line, in a given amount of water growth, albeit not a lot of water growth, but other one-line growth of plankton. Їх efficient productivity, їх harvest surpasses 500 billion tons per year. Often to put power supply, deeper than harvest - on land or in the ocean?
If you take the harvest after the wagon, then on land, and if in terms of productivity - in the ocean.
On the right, in the one where the water growth spreads in the middle mayzhe once for dob. To the fact that if you are living - crustaceans or ribi - will be half of the day, then you will not see a large number of algae. Something like that, it stinks and smells. Moreover, in the Ocean there was a free balance. There is a great part of phytoplankton living in the daytime going to a depth of 100-300 m, i.e., the glibshe zone of habitation of algae, and at night it spills onto the surface. At night the crustaceans grow up. Then one-liner phytoplankton grows up for photosynthesis to multiply during the day. Only mothers are required on the ground, so that the number of phytoplankton changes in rock and wide.
We are often enchanted by the blakitnoy farboi of the globe. Tim, 2/3 of the surface of our planet is oceanic. Ale due to the peculiarities of biological productivity, as it is in the nature of living mothers, which are derived from dead mothers, great regions of the ocean are even more common for living. For greater productivity, you need to think, as you do not expect to be equally friendly.
What do you need?
First for all light, and light more than 100 m widen in lack of quantity for photosynthesis. So, on big glybin photosynthesis is mute. The primary product is only in the top 100-meter ball.
Others, however, are required, the whole life salts: nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements, kind to the earthly good ones, which are to be taken care of before the spring party. Goodness is necessary for single-cell algae, so that the processes of photosynthesis occur as much as on land and in the sea. At the top ball, the whole hour lives up to the living salt, but more dumb. Otzhe, it is necessary from the mountain to go up the mountain. Niyakі rychki not in zmozі bring such a lot of life-saving salts, which lead to the high productivity of the ocean. Їх role is recognized only in the coastal areas. In the oceans there are regions, de due to leaks, i.e., the physical factor, there are great majesty clay waters... The large-scale rise of the waters of the sea flows right across the geographic latitude.
Otzhe, it is important for the nobility, the area is located near the entrance to the waters of the Glybin. Infection of the regions and the big mensh vidom. Viyavilosya, the area with high biological productivity becomes approximately 20-25% of the surface of the Svitovoy Ocean. Obviously, in the cich productive areas it is possible to catch and catch.
In a given hour, the catch is 55 million tons of ribs in a small number of food. Infected all the territories to stop their catch. The Radiansk people know the XXIII anniversary of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation about those who Radiansky Union To get into the flow of the fives of 50-60% of the catch of the ribs and in the five to the fives of the bottom. Ale tsі catch is easier to take in productive areas. That is why the progress of the productivity of the seas and oceans, the possibility of forecasting, is one of the most important tasks of our days.
Winning food: can you catch a fish without a skodi for an add-on?
Obviously, 2 times. It is only possible to find it only with a rational management of the industry. The folding is in the fact that it is necessary to introduce narrowing small lands plan of exploitation of biological resources in the ocean.
You can bring a lot of butts, if in the pursuit of profit there are bouts of wealth for the creatures. I guess the share of whales. Thus, large herds of whales lingered in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, in the Barents Sea. On Spitsbergen in the 18th century. Buv is a great settlement of whalers. All the whales were vibrating, only skeletons scattered along the shores of Spitzbergen were lost. The infection of the head kutoviy promisyde in Antarctica, ala, і vіn zberigє only as a result of the international please about the norm of the vidobutku.
Our days with the development of ribalism technology also have a share of some of the most popular industrial ribs. Lyudina became a helper for the ocean. You are not afraid of the vastness of the space, or of the glibini. Yomu pіdvladni ribi and іnshі valuable creatures to the ocean and water growth, which grow in the coastal zone.
So, as there is a large number of ribs, the incomplete fishing in one moment, or the failures of fishing by one power, can lead to an increase in reserves. I'll put two butts. Thus, the young settlers were still promising for the shores of Norway. That’s when it’s not enough for the family to come to the Barents Sea. Norway will not sell ribbons, because you can cut off only technical products, but you can’t get rid of a lot of people. The Іnshiy butt - salmon ribs of the Far East Seas. Smell go to іkrometannya in іchki. Japan has developed intensive fishing in the sea on migration routes for spawning. Formally, fishing is not in the territorial waters of the Radiansk, but having given our vicarious one the ribalism of the majestic Skodi. Soon, however, the efficiency of the Japanese industry began to decline.
You can put a lot of such stocks. Only when rational exploitation of biological resources and systematic robots are reduced, it is possible to trim light trade on a high level.
I briefly talk about the biological resources of the seas and oceans, about the rational approach to the victorious riches.
Є Another more important food is tied from the hardships of the seas. The obstruction of the sea has its own specifics, I see from the obstruction of the waters of the rychok, fragments of the sea water are not inevitable. Ale on the right is in the fact that the waters are difficult for sea ribs. In addition, naphtha absorption is not suitable for sea resorts. For a long time, newspapers wrote about the death of an American tanker bilya beregiv Evropi. Bully hung out of the fleet of vіyskovy vessels, which fought against the growth of oil in bik resorts and coastal waters. The rest of the hour, the obstruction of the sea with naphtha products became all-round dashing. It is necessary to say that there are 10 g of naphtha per cubic meter of water and also teeth for іkri ribi. The infection from diesel installations on sea vessels and from the decks of tankers rises rapidly in the sea or millions of tons of all kinds of naphtha sails, and, as can be seen from the butt, greatly reduces the productivity of flora and fauna in the ocean. The axis of what for the all-purpose victoriousness of riches to the ocean is necessary for the participation of all countries in the world.
Authors: L. A. Zenkevich, V. G. Bogor, members-corepondent of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
Yaksho vi knew the mercy, be weasel, see a fragment of the text and natisnit Ctrl + Enter.
Svitovy ocean occupies a leading position in the life of people, in the new great stock sirovini, paliva, energy and food, without which bi lyudin saw great difficulties in his life. The ocean is one of the ways to achieve it in different regions of the world.
Mineral and natural resources
In the oceans, a large part of the resources is used to produce naphtha and gas, and to become 90% of the remaining resources in the light ocean. According to the estimates, on the continental shelf, up to 50% of the oil reserves have been reduced. The production of large amounts of oil and gas reserves on land, and a hundred of the growth of greenhouse vitrates in the form of a container on land as a result of the continuous growth of oil and gas deposits on land (4-7 km). genera on the shelf. Already at a time, the shelf zones give more than 1/3 of the light voucher of naphtha. The main shelf zones with a view of oil and gas are located in the Persian Sea, the Wine Sea, the Mexican Sea, in the new part of California in the USA, but Maracaibo in Venezuela and in the first place.
At the bottom of the Holy Ocean, there are rich and great mineral resources, the first for everything, the great reserves of gold-manganese concretes. The great area itself is wider and is located on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean (16 million km2, which is the most expensive area of Russia). The bulk of the reserves of gold-manganese concretes are estimated at 2-3 tril. t., z yakh 0.5 tril. t. available for mastering at once. In cich nodules, crim and manganese, there are also nickel, cobalt, copper, titanium, molybdenum and other metals. Bully already broken down by the first try to exploit zalizo-manganese concretions in the USA, Japan, France and others. 
biological resources
For a long time, the population, as they live on the Uzbek sea coast, has been victorious in the quality of food products (riba, crabs, molluscs, sea cabbage). All people give the sea, order with creatures, to live in the oceans, to store another important group of resources in the Svitovoy Ocean - biological. The biological mass of the Holy Ocean includes 140 yew. The species of roselin and food and is estimated at 35 billion tons. The number of biological resources in the ocean can satisfy the food consumption of the population of more than 30 billion Chol. (On the planet, they live in Denmark an hour less than 6 billion Chol.).
From the backbone number of biological resources, on a part of the ribs, 0.2 - 0.5 billion tons, which is stored in a given hour, 85% of human biological resources. Rashta - tse crabs, molluscs, sea creatures and water growth. In general, 70 - 75 million tons of ribs, molluscs, crabs, algae, which will provide 20% of the living population of the Earth with food hunting, can be seen from the ocean.
At the Holy Ocean, as it is on land, there are areas with a high productivity of biological mass and areas with low productivity, for the purpose of adding more biological resources.
90% of the fishing and water collection is taken to the greater lightening and warm shelf zones, the main part of the organic light to the ocean is de-squeezed. Closely 2/3 of the surface of the bottom of the Svitovoy Ocean is occupied by "kestrels", living organisms are widened in the vicinity of the kelkosti. Through the іntensification of ribalism and the celebration of the most important fishing opportunities, the possibility of creating a bagatoo species of ribs, seafood, molluscs and crabs is put under the threat. As a result, the productivity of the natural habitats of the Holy Ocean will speed up, which has recently become a wealth and development of biological resources. The price has called to the change of putting people to the ocean and to the regulation of ribalism on a global scale. 
In the last ten years, in the Bagatyokh lands of the world, there is a wide expansion of nabula mariculture (single breeding of ribs, molluscs). The people of them, for example, in Japan, have been practicing this practice back to our time. In this day, there are oyster plantations and farms with ribby growing in Japan, USA, China, Holland, France, Russia, Australia and others.
Morska water is a great wealth of the Svitovoy ocean. Russian teachings AE Fersman calling sea water the most important mineral on Earth. Zagalny obsyag of the Svitovoy ocean dorivnyuє 1370 million km3, which will become 94% of the obsyag of the hydrosphere. 70 chemical elements... In a greater perspective, sea water will not only serve as a dummy for the removal of industrial materials, but for the irrigation and safety of the population with drinking water, as a result of the development of water supply. Already at a time, sea water vikoristovutsya in qih purposes, ala on a modest scale.
The Svitovy Ocean has magnificent energy resources. In the first place, here's a move about the energy of the flushes and the vidlivs, the victorious success of which was already in the twentieth century. Significant potential of such energy is usually estimated at 26 tril. kW. h., I will twiddle lucky rіven virobnitstva of electrical energy in the light. However, from the center of kilkosti it is possible to master only a small part of it, through the use of modern technical capabilities. Ale and tsya kіlkіst adapt to the richest electric power supply from France. Bagatius informed about the development of energy and accumulations in the same France, even in the ninth century, the boules were prompted by the mines on the east coast of Brittany, as they worked on the whole energy gap. In France, too, was prompted by the Persha and the most in the light of the tidal power station in the hand of the river Rance on the island of Brittany, I have been pulling 240 yew. KW. More modest in terms of tidal pressure, the power plant was inspired by the experimental character in Russia on the Kolsky Piostrov, in China, Pivnichniy Korea, Canada and ін.
Prospects for mastering the energy of flushing and increasing to reach great and in the regions of Bagatio there are great projects being developed in the whole hall. For example, France has a plan to keep the tidal power station up to 12 million kW. More projects for breakdown in Great Britain, Argentina, Brazil, USA, India and in. 