Natural gas is a science. Korisny kopalini: Natural gas. The power of gas transfer in a solid mill

Sumy gas, which was established in the nadra of the earth with anaerobic distribution of organic speech.

Natural gas to be referred to cinnamon copalins. Often є with associated gas in the form of a bottle of naphtha. Natural gas in the reservoir heads (the minds of the lagoon in the earth's nadra) is in the gas station near the viglyadi okremikh skupcheny (gas piles), or in the viglyadi gas cap of the naftogaz genera - the price of natural gas, or the water in the reservoir in the naphtha and and in standard sinks (0.101325 MPa і 20 ° С) - only in a gas mill. Natural gas can also be found near gas hydrants.
Chemistry warehouse
The main part of natural gas storage is methane (CH4) - up to 98%. The storage of natural gas can also include more important carbohydrates: ethane (C2H6),
propane (C3H8),
butane (C4H10)

Homologues of methane, as well as non-carbohydrate-free speech: water (H2),
sirwater (H2S),
carbon dioxide (CO2),
nitrogen (N2),
helium (Not).

Natural gas is odor-free. It can be visually significant by smell, a small amount of mercaptans can be added to the gas, which can cause a strong unpleasant odor.
Physical power
Basic physical characteristics:
Density: = 0.7 kg / m (dry gas) or 400 kg / m (dry).
Spalahu point: t = 650 ° C.
Heat of combustion: 16 - 35 MJ / m (for gas-like).
Octane number for vicoristanna on dviguns zgoryannya: 120 - 130.

Generic natural gas
Methane is widely expanded in space. Methane is the third largest gas for the widest range of gases, fed with water and helium. At the sight of methane ice, take care of the fate in Budovia Bagatokh from far away from the dream of planets and asteroids. practical sucking... Significantly, the amount of carbohydrates present in the mantle of the Earth, however, may not be of interest.

Great load of natural gas in the siege obolontsi earth measles... As a matter of fact, before the theory of biogenic activity of oil, the stench is established as a result of the decomposition of the remains of living organisms. Get involved, but natural gas pretends to high temperatures in the grip of nizh naphtha. It’s the fact that the birth of gas is often roztashovany glibshe, lower than the birth of naphtha.

Magnificent reserves of natural gas from Russia (Urengoyske Rodovische), USA, Canada. from the European countries Most notably Norway, but the reserves are small. Sered kolishnyh republics Radiansky Union great reserves gas volodin Turkmenia, as well as Kazakhstan (Karachaganak family)

The other half of the 20th century is at the university. І. M. Gubkina boules of natural gas hydrates (or hydrates methane). Since then, the reserves of natural gas in this country are great. The stench roztashovuyutsya yak under the earth, and on the insignificant dimpled under the sea bottom.
View and transport
Natural gas is located in the ground at depths of 1000 meters to decile kilometers. Above the Glyboka Sverdlovinoy not far from the place of Novy Urengoy, the gas flow from the Glybin is more than 6000 meters. At nadra, gas is found in microscopic emptyings, called pores. Pori z'єднані between microscopic channels - troughs, gas flows through the channels with a high grip in a porous grip with a large low grip until quietly, as long as it does not appear in the middle of the hole. Rukh gas in the layer is in accordance with the laws. Gas is added from above the ground beyond the help of the verdor. Sverdlovini razmistiti ravnomіrno throughout the whole territory of the family. It is important to keep a tight grip for a flat bed. In addition, it is possible to overflow the gas between the areas of birth, as well as just before the end of the water supply.

Gas flows out of the way, as it is in the reservoir under a grip, bagatorazovy change the atmosphere. By such a rank, by the ruinous force, the difference between the grips in the layer and the system is taken.

In 2005, in Russia, a total of 548 billion m3 of natural gas was collected. Internal workers were supplied with 307 billion m3 through 220 regional gas supply organizations. On the territory of Russia, 24 natural gas supplies have been raised. The length of the main gas pipelines of Russia is 155 thousand. Km.
Preparation of natural gas for transport

The gas, which must be supplied from the middle of the river, must be prepared for transportation to the kintsev koristuvach - a chemical plant, a boiler house, miscellaneous gases. Necessity of preparation of gas for viclikan is present in a new range of whole components (essential for children living in and out of small components) houses, which are difficult to wick when transported or stagnated. So, bet drive, you can take revenge in gas, with singing minds you can get the flow, or condense, accumulate in small mischiefs (vigin to the pipeline, for example), pouring through the gas; wicker water is strongly corroded by gas (pipes, heat exchangers, etc.).

Gas is prepared for different schemes. One of them, in the immediate vicinity of the birthplace, is equipped with an integrated gas treatment unit (GTP), which is used for purification and dehydration of gas. This scheme was implemented in the Urengoyskiy family.

As soon as the gas is avenged from the great quantity of helium or water, then the gas is swelled at the gas processing plant, so the helium and water are seen. This scheme was implemented, for example, in the Astrakhan clan.
Natural gas transportation

In Danish hour, the main type of transport is pipeline. Gas in a grip of 75 atmospheres collapses through pipes with a diameter of up to 1.4 meters. In the world of sucking gas through the pipeline, it consumes energy, adding energy by rubbing it between gas and pipe, as well as gas balls. To that, through the singing sections, it is necessary to build compressor stations (CS), for which gas is pressurized up to 75 atm. Equipping and servicing the pipeline is expensive, but not less - the most cheap way of transporting gas and naphtha.

For pipeline transport, special tankers are gas carriers. Price of special ships on which gas is transported in a regenerated station for high pressure thermobaric sinks. To transport gas in such a way, it is necessary to stretch the gas pipeline to the seashore, staying on the birch trees to supply the gas to the plant, the port for tankers, and the tankers themselves. This type of transport is used economically to be rimmed when the distance from the supply of gas is more than 3000 km.

In 2004, international gas supplies through pipelines totaled 502 billion m3, scraped gas - 178 billion m3.

Likewise, projects for gas transportation, for example, behind the aid of airships, for in gas-fired camps, even the projects did not know widespread stagnation due to various reasons.
sucking
Natural gas is widely used in chemical industry, such as vikhidna sirovina. Also vikoristovuєtsya yak palne, for scorching living rooms, palivo for cars, power stations and in.
Ten provincial provinces of gas

On the cob 2007 Rosієyu innovations of the gas cartel process behind the butt of OPEC. The food was a key topic at the talks between Volodymyr Putin and the King of Saudi Arabia and Emir Qatar.
Div. also
naphtha
swamp gas
Hydrates of natural gases

Notes

We have a lot of statistics, but also the natural gas, which is very important for us, is not known for an hour, but it’s so easy.

value

Natural gas є cinnamon copalina. The Danish species of firing is still widely stagnant in the usy light, and there is a gas-filled camp. However, natural gas is not flammable because it doesn’t turn out to be hot, sometimes it’s seen from warehouses, as it turns out to be okay.

warehouse

The basis of natural gas is the simplest carbohydrate - methane (CH4). tse organic spoluca, Yake will be stored from atoms in water and in coal. Call the warehouse for natural gas to be found in the presence also and more important in carbohydrates, such as homologues of methane: butane (C4H10), propane (C3H8), ethane (C2H6), as well as non-carbohydrate houses. Natural gas can be found in a crystalline abnormal view, at the view of gas caps above the naphtha loads, as well as at the viewers found in the formations of a number of solid types of gas loads.

Physical power

It’s tsіkavo, so tse those, schodens with gases, pointing to the sight, not by the color, nor by the smell. The characteristic unacceptable smell of gas, calling us in the doorway, is sucking on a piece of natural gas, and being called an odoration.

Yak smell unpleasant (odorants) zvychay zastosovovyutsya spoluki, scho revenge sirku. One of the most extensive odorants is methylmercaptan. Ludina is good at catching the smell of a certain odorant to wind into that kind of thing, which part of it, sometimes becomes one to fifty million. The very processors of the process of approval know the flow of natural gas.

Report warehouse for natural gas - power okremikh warehouses

The natural gas storage is more detailed - the skin is okremo.

(CH4). The gas is lighter, it is not very dry, it is not volodya nor its color, nor does it smell. Methane is combustible, however, it is not associated with special problems, and it is easy to eat.

Ethan (C2H6). Gas, similar to methane, does not have a coloration or smell, but is important, not too bad. Likewise є fiery, protest in the quality of firing does not know the stasis.

propane (C3H8). Does not smell and color, є we will remove it. Volodya with one coriander power - to end up with a small vice for the sake of it. The propane tanks can be easily cleaned from home and transported.

Butane (C4H10). For its power, the gas is close to propane, however, it has more power. Bhutan is twice as important for the turn.

carbonic acid gas (CO2) - gas, which is not oil, protects with sour taste. On account of the largest components of natural gas (helium vinyatoks), carbon dioxide gas is not fired. Carbon dioxide gas to be recognized as some of the least toxic gases.

helium (He). No color or smell, even light (the other for the lightness of the smell). Even more inert, with normal minds, no one of the spokes does not enter into a reaction. Not flammable. Chi is not toxic, however, as it is inert gas, with an extended vice, anesthesia can be triggered.

sirvodden(H2S). It’s not an important gas, but it’s an unacceptable smell of rotten eggs. Є even more otvetnoy, navit in times of little concentration can lead to the paralysis of the scent nerve.

There is a good deal of information about the power of two gases, which do not enter the natural gas storage, however, the supply of natural gas is even more similar from the supply of natural gas.

etilene (C2H4). It doesn’t matter gas, but it has a perceptible smell. Behind his power, he is close to ethan, protest of the rest of the world grows up in less combustibility and strength.

acetylene(C2H2). Barless, even vibration-free and combustible gas. With a strong squeeze, the power of vibuhati. Do not know if you have a lot of money from the great rizik vibuhu or pozhezhi. Basically, it’s stagnant when carrying out cleaning work.

Stockpiling of natural gas

sirvodden... Unimportant to the toxicity of this gas, water in small quantities is known to be stored in the so-called water baths. In the cich baths, antiseptic power is vikorist, which is attached to water.

The chief rank of vikory is the yak palne in gas stoves.

Butaneі propane... In some cars, gasses are victorious in the quality of a fire. Likewise, propane residues are used for refueling the igniter.

Ethan... Yak palne is practically not victorious. Basically, it’s stuck in order to trimmuvati etylene.

etilene... One of the most vibrant ones in the light of speeches. Є syruvinoyu in order to trim polyethylene.

acetylene... To become stuck in order to be in metallurgy when the temperature rises and the temperature rises. Acetylene is even more fiery, so it doesn’t become vicious in the quality of a car firing. Vimagak suvorogo dotrimannya minds zberigannya.

helium... smut korisna power helium - yo little power. Win in the smallest development, nowadays, that gel will remind you of the airships and airships. It is even lighter than helium, however, є fired. Powdered bags, Inflate the gel, give the children joy in the whole world.

toxicity

Carbon dioxide gas... Navigate at great numbers I don’t have a healthy shkodi. However, the gas is pereshkodzhaє poglinannyu sisnyu in the atmosphere from 3% to 10% per obsyag. Yaksho є such concentration, it can produce to the point of breath and bring a lethal result.

helium... With normal minds, the gas is absolutely non-toxic with a lot of inertia. However, at times slid in a vice vinikє is similar to the infusion of a gas-filled stage of anesthesia.

sirvodden... Volodya with toxic powers. With a trivial scent of the whole gas, you can see the blues and spoilage. Besides, it’s a matter of paralyzing the scent nerve, and it’s more dumb because the organism just wants to stop seeing it. Concentration of water in one milligram per cubic meterє lethal, and the concentration of 0.2-0.3 milligrams per cubic meter must be produced to the point of being cut off.

invisible pori

We will expand it є Pomilkov's thought about those, where natural gas is found under the earth in any voids, which are easy to use. However, natural gas can be found all over the world. girskogo breed, Yaka Volodya is laid on a porous structure that is not hard to grasp with a human eye. Trimming vityagnutiy with the majestic glean of the squeak's shmats in the hands, to finish it is important to see that natural gas is laid in the middle.

bow to gas

People have been talking about natural gas for a long time already. I would like in the IV century before ours in China they were already vikoristovuvati for illumination and scorching, in the third hour of yaskrava, but I didn’t need to sing half of my mind, having become the subject of a religious folk and mystical cult for the occasion. So, for example, on the Apsheronskiy pіvostrovі, there is the occasional Azerbaijan at once, in the VII century the temple of the fire-worshipers of Ateshtyag is built in the VII century. The service in the whole church took place over a long span of capital, and ended in the 19th century.

Thermolamp and first gas in Russia

The history of the gas industry in Russia was celebrated in 1811. In the same place, Petro Sobolevskyi, a winemaker, having opened a thermolamp, I am starting an installation for removing natural gas. I wrote my own statement on the background of the All-Russian Association of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts, Sobolevsky Buv was awarded for his wine order, which was ordered by Oleksandr I.

Russian kmіtlivist

However, until the last century in Russia, natural gas was used as a byproduct for an hour, a vid of naphtha, and was called associated gas. It was hard to understand the gas condensate or gas genera. Їх viyavlennya bulo absolutely vypadkovim, for example, before the hour of burnt artesian sverdlovin.

Mav mіsce vypadok, if during the stormy of the same Sverdlovina, having shaken half of the water, the spritny Saratov merchant stayed on the whole mіsci of tseglyaniy and cursing backwaters. Proceedingly promislovtsі pozhali come to the thought, but natural gas can be as much as brown.