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What to store gas for. Natural gas

Our young friend! In the last issues of the magazine, we were told about naphtha, about those, how it appeared and how chemistry did not shy away. And now I would like to tell you about gas and about those for whom we so often feel the words of the order: naphtha and gas.

Natural gas

Sound of gas?

Millions of rock in living organisms in the sea, bent and sank on the seabed, they were drunk in such a mind, they couldn't but fall as a result of oxidation (even on the sea bottom it wasn’t easy to eat it), but it wasn’t just unbearable. On them, new layers of soil were found, the rich mice of the Svitovoy ocean became dry land. From the clutches of the earth and at high temperatures, through the process of going through the process, with which it takes place in the litter in the waste of coal, in the spoluks, called in the carbohydrates. The stench got its name because its molecules are stored in coal and water. In carbohydrates with great molecules - the chain of speech, naphtha was made from them. And in carbohydrates, some small molecules have gases. Smells and natural gas. Gas, yak and naphtha, add for the help of the deep holes, which drill on land and from sea platforms.

Do we need gas?

You know melodiously that natural gas itself is vikorized in gas stoves for preparing food and for heating the water in the columns. And yet, far from all the possibilities of this storing. Natural gas active vikorystyutsya і in industry - win to serve as a fire in many factories, for example, at the magnificent furnaces, de-robble metal. At gas power stations, you can use it to get rid of electricity. Besides, on natural gas it is possible to drive cars.

Not all of them. Nowadays, the gas is stagnant in the quality of the syruin for the production of such speeches, for example, plastic, kind, like and navit fabrics!

Navit your favorite igrashka could be bought for natural gas victories! For gas otrimuyut deyaki are even more important chemical spoluks, for example, amiak .... Know? Amiak pozit vikoristovuyutsya for preparation of goodness or in medicine for preparation of likiv. Combined with other chemicals, natural gas can be transformed into synthetic fabric or plastic.

Our joy

And now, I will give you a little joy, knowing how to be with children in extravagant fashion.

Yaksho sees the smell of gas

If you see the smell of gas, then in the first place you need to see it, you need to check it out. If you need to re-adjust the stove, the burners are not turned on. When turned on - vimknuti. Yaksho is a gas water heater, it is necessary to reconsider, which does not extinguish the fire in them. The column is turned on, but the fire is dumb - vimkni її. In any case, the fire did not fall, or do not turn on the light, if the gas was turned on - it could be a vibuh. If you need a gas service, dial "104" mobile phone number one and the same). More beautifully, the best way to see the suspects, you can find the most popular screens from the telephone set.

Take care of yourself, my friend, you love me!

Natural gas - korisna kopalina group siege girskikh breeds, Yake is a sum of gas. Tsey resource vinik as a result of distribution organic speeches in the nadra of the Earth. Environmentalists recognize natural gas as the purest type of organic fire.

Characteristics of this kind of natural gas

Characteristics of natural gas to be deposited in a warehouse. Bin light for a turn in 1.8 times, self-locking temperature 650 ° C. 5% to 15% osyhag - є vibuh not baked. The heat is burned from 8-12 kW-h / m 3. With natural gas in the internal combustion engines, the octane number is from 120 to 130.

A great part of natural gas is the price of the sum of gas-like hydrocarbons. The main part is methane (СН 4 - up to 98%), as well as important in carbohydrates - ethane С 2 Н 6, propane С 3 Н 8, butane З 4 Н 10. Enter the warehouse і інші Nevuglesevі rivers: water Н 2, water Н 2 S, carbon dioxide CO 2, nitrogen N 2, helium Chin.

In a clean viglyad, natural gas has no color or smell. For lightening the quality of the cycle, before the new odorant, speech with an unacceptable smell.

See natural gas:

chippings (ZVG);
swamp;
naphtha;
vugilny;
gas hydrates;
shale;
svitlny;
coke oven;
compressed abuses (CNG);
passing naphtha;
along the tiers and under the earthen stratum, the period is crady, the stars are seen as the Turonian, Cenomanian, Valangin, Achimovsk.

Generic natural gas

Basically, load of natural gas is in the siege obolontsi earth measles... Volodya Rossiya (Urengoyske Rodovische), in Europe - Norway, Netherlands, large regions of the Persian outflow, Iran, Canada, USA, great loads in Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan are great reserves of natural gas. Gas guides at the majesty of the presence on great glybin under the sea bottom, also under the earth.

View of natural gas

Before carrying out the vidobutku, with the opportunity to carry out the development - gravitational, magnetic, seismic or geochemical. However, the only reliable way of zyasuvati, where you have a supply of gas, is the burning of Sverdlovina. Natural gas is located at a depth of one kilometer. In the nadra of the Earth, gas is found in the microscopic pores, like the channels between them - the troughs, through which, in a high grip, an important resource penetrates into the pores of a greater low vice to quiet pores, leave the middle of the deep holes not to appear. Everything is based on the Darcy law - filtration of gases and іdin in a porous middle. Gas flows from the pressure as a result of the fact that in the vertices of the wine there is a grip, which in the course of developing the atmospheric one.

Gas is added behind the help of the upper reaches, which are distributed over the entire area of the family. It is important to keep a tight grip for a flat bed. Dobutii gas is ready to transport. Transport gas by pipelines, special gas tankers, storage tanks.

Vikoristannya natural gas

Natural gas is highly economical for power plants, for cement and oil industry, black and color metallurgy, for the production of industrial materials, for the rejection of children organic spoluk... It is a very important resource to be victorious for and for communal and private needs. Dzherelo energii for megacities, motor palivo, farba, glue, oset, amiak - all natural gas supplies.

Mining of natural gas

Natural gas- tse corisna copalina in a gas-like mill. Wono vikoristovutsya in the arch of the wide fringes yak palivo. Alle, natural gas itself is not vikorystovutsya as it is fired, we see it in warehouses for the surrounding vikorystannya. Often є with associated gas in the form of a bottle of naphtha. Natural gas in the reservoir heads (the minds of the lagoon in the earth's nadra) is in the gas station at the viglyad okremikh skupchen (gas piles), or at the viglyad of the gas cap of the naftogaz genera - tse vilny gas; either in the razchinennoy mill in naphtha or water (in the reservoir sinks), and in the standard sinks - only in the gas mill. Natural gas can also be found near gas hydrants.

More than 90% of wine is stored in carbohydrates, the main grade is methane (CH 4). Waste and more important in carbohydrates - ethane, propane, butane, as well as mercaptans and water (make sure the houses are high), nitrogen and carbon dioxide (in principle, do not bring cinnamon, ale and are not watery) the largest internal gases.

Chemistry warehouse

The main part of natural gas storage is methane (CH 4) - up to 98%. The storage of natural gas can also include more important carbohydrates - homologues of methane:

ethane (C 2 H 6),
propane (C 3 H 8),
butane (C 4 H 10),
that інші alkani - from the 5th to the second

And also іnshі non-carbohydrate words:

water (H 2),
sirwater (H 2 S),
carbon dioxide (CO 2),
nitrogen (N 2),
greater retail analysis, allowing for natural gas and small amounts of helium (Not).

Physical power

orієntovnі Physical characteristics(Lay in the warehouse):

Proficiency:
- from 0.7 to 1.0 kg / m 3 - dry gas-like, at n. at.
- 400 kg / m 3 -dry.
The spalahu point is 650 ° C.
The heat of combustion of one m 3 of natural gas in a gas-powered mill at standard conditions: 28-46 MJ, or 6.7-11.0 Mcal.
Octane number in case of vikorystanny in internal combustion engines: 120-130.
Concentration of mezhimannya (vibuhu) of natural gas (methane) is in the range from 5 to 15%. The pose of the gas between the sides of the gas is not good until the half of the mind is widened. For an hour, the vise in a closed space moves up to 0.8 ... 1 MPa.
Pure natural gas is odorless and colorless. It can be visually significant by smell, a small amount of odorants can be added to the gas (most often methyl mercaptan is stuck in the odorant), which may cause a strong unpleasant odor, and odorant.
Natural gas is quickly vaporized and distributed in the atmosphere, which is important from the point of view of safety.

Natural gas reserves

Map of natural gas reserves in the world

Methane is widely expanded in space. methane- the third for the widest gas to all power, using water and helium. At the sight of methane ice, take care of the fate in Budovia Bagatyokh from far away from the dream of planets and asteroids; practical sucking... The number of carbohydrates present in the Earth's mantle is significant, but it may not be of interest.

Great load of natural gas in the siege of earth measles. According to the theory of biogenic (organic) behavior of naphtha, the stench is established as a result of the distribution of the remains of living organisms. Get involved in the fact that natural gas settles in a siege environment when high temperaturesі in a vice, nіzh naphtha. It’s the fact that the birth of gas is often roztashovany glibshe, lower than the birth of naphtha.

Magnificent reserves of natural gas from Russia (Urengoyske Rodovische), USA, Canada. from the European countries Most notably Norway, but the reserves are small. Sered kolishnyh republics Radiansky Union great reserves gas Volodin Turkmenia, as well as Kazakhstan (Karachaganak family).

The other half of the 20th century is at the university. І. M. Gubkina boules of natural gas hydrates (or hydrates methane). Since then, the reserves of natural gas in this country are great. The stench roztashovuyutsya yak under the earth, and on the insignificant dimpled under the sea bottom.

Naybіlshі svіtovі gazidobuvachі

Land	2010		2006
Land	Zdobich, billion cubic meters	part of the light market (%)	Zdobich, billion cubic meters	part of the light market (%)
Russian Federation	647		673,46	18
Received by the States of America	619		667	18
Canada	158
Іran	152		170	5
Norway	110		143	4
China	98
Netherlands	89		77,67	2,1
Indonesia	82		88,1	2,4
Saudi Arabia	77		85,7	2,3
Algeria	68		171,3	5
Uzbekistan	65
Turkmenistan			66,2	1,8
Egypt	63
Great Britain	60
Malaysia	59		69,9	1,9
India	53
OAU	52
Mexico	50
Azerbaijan			41	1,1
rushta land			1440,17	38,4
Svitovy vidobutok gas		100	3646	100

Vidobotok i processing of natural gas

gas genera

The supply of oil or gas is a purchase of carbohydrates, which will contain the porosity of penetrating rocks. As the purchase is great and its exploitation is economically docile, the luggage is important to the promiscuous. Lay down, you will occupy significant areas, set up the ancestors.

gas dehydration

Taking care of gas in gas transportation is often difficult for serious exploitation. With the singing callous minds (temperature and pressure), the doctor can condense, fix the muddy and crystalline fluidity, and in the presence of water and acidity, corrode the pipelines and possession. Schob uniquely perekhovannyh difficult gas to drain, lowering the temperature of the dew point by 5 ... 7 ° C lower than the working temperature in the gas pipeline.

Gas purification from water and carbon dioxide

In combustible gases, vikoristovuvanih for gas supply of places, instead of sirkovodnyu it is innocent to change 2 g per 100 m 3 of gas. Instead of carbon dioxide, the norms do not limit, however, according to the technical and economical world, it is innocent to transport 2% of gas.

odorization of gas

Natural gas is odorless. That for a quick appearance of turns in the gas you will smell it - the gas will be odorized. Yak odorant zasosovyut methyl mercaptan (C 2 H 5 SH). In terms of toxicity, it is clear and very good, it is identical to water, and has a slight unpleasant odor.

Trasportuvanni

The main type of transport for gas, in Danish hour, є pipeline. Gas collapses through pipes of great diameter under a grip of 75 atmospheres (7.5 MPa). If the gas seeps through the pipeline, it consumes energy, it’s going to get lost for a little while, or rubbing it between the pipe and gas, so it’s like the balls of the gas itself. While the grip in the pipeline is adjusted at a given level, for the first time, one in one way, it is necessary to have a compressor station (CS), which is responsible for putting the vice into the pipeline at a level of 75 atmospheres. Service and maintenance of the pipeline is not a small penny, ale, tim not mensh, the pipeline is the best cheap way of transporting oil and gas.

The most important way of transporting gas is for special tankers - gas carriers. There are specially owned ships for the transportation of gas to the regenerated station at the singing minds. In order to transport gas by the method, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory calls for the transportation of the tankers themselves. It is necessary to extend the gas pipeline to the seashore, to provide a port for tankers, a plant for gas scrapping, and tankers themselves. Tim is not the least, the type of gas transportation є it is economically rimmed when there is a distance from the driver to the distance of 3000 km.

Natural gas synthesis

There are no easy ways to remove natural gas from other organic springs, for example, from the state of the art, woodworking and food industry, etc.

Sucking in natural gas

Natural gas vikoristovuєtsya yak in a large apartment and living room private booths for cooking, burning and drinking water. It is also possible to choose a palivo for cars and boiler rooms.
Natural gas (methane) stagnates as a vykhidna sirovina in chemistry industry for the removal of versatile organic speech, for example, plastic.
Natural gas can be used to fill gas lamps intended for illumination. Vlasne methane stagnates yak syruvina for the production of acetylene, ammonia, methanol and cyanide water. Natural gas is the main source of syruvny when virobnitvі amіaku. Practically three quarters of all amiaku will be stashed for the use of nitrogenous goodness. Cyanic water, obsession with amiak, in addition to acetylene, serve as cob syruvina for the production of young synthetic fibers. With acetylene, it is possible to vibrate the plasticity, which can be widened in the industry and in the bend. Acetate suture is also carried out with assistance.
In the chemical industry, methane picks up not only for the removal of small plastics, but also for the production of rubber, organic acids and alcohol. Natural gas itself has become more popular with natural gas cheery speeches, I do not exist in nature, for example, it is polyethylene.
Natural gas is one of the most common types of firing, which can be used for industrial and by-batch needs. The value of a fireball is also of the same value as it is for the purpose of achieving a cleanly ecologically clean fire. When you start it, there are fewer shkidlivy speeches, which are related to the other types of saliva. Natural gas itself is one of the main energy sources in the efforts of people.

Price for natural gas for the countries the European Union looked over. In 2016, USD 167 was requested for 1,000 cubic meters of paliva. In 2017, for the lute claims of the head of "Gazprom", ask about 180 clever ones.

At the same time, a part of the European Market of the Russian Corporation of Growth. In the last rotsi, the indicator has become 31%, in the flow line - as much as 34%. Zokrem, 12.5% more deliveries in the far abroad.

Zagalom, є і drink, і perspectives. The visibility of competitors allows the price to be taken up, making Europe a priority market. About the scale of consumption in the fires, not only to Sunset, but to talk about gas pipelines.

Oh, there is a gala dinner in the Federation, for example, to 20 people. Moreover, it’s not a whistle. Planning will be new heirlooms. So, don’t talk about promising palivi. Diznaєmosya, what kind of є, see and how to go.

Power of natural gas

The hero wins a warehouse. Natural gas exchange store from decilcoh. The main one is methane. Yogo in natural gas warehouse enter more than 90%.

Rashta 10% fall on propane, butane, carbon dioxide, i. By the same name, we are experts in supplying natural gas in the 3rd month after the expansion on the Earth. By the day, the bronze goes to methane.

It is a natural light, shards are not synthetic. Gas will pop up on the ground from the products of the organization's distribution. However, є in a warehouse that is not organic, for example,.

The exact warehouse is stored in the form of materials present in the soil resources. Sphatku, natural gas reserves originated in mulistic waters. They have witnessed microorganisms and growing lines.

They couldn’t oxidize, they couldn’t smelt, they couldn’t smudge the microbes in the middle, and that moisture didn’t penetrate. In the bag, attached organics were checked for a change of earth measles, for example, that was spread in them.

I fell through, fall into new pastts. In earthly nadra, a vice and heat were poured onto the organ. The scheme is similar to the oil industry. Ale, for not reaching the lower temperatures and less vice.

Until then, great molecules have carbohydrates. Natural gas - methane low molecular weight, as і іnshі components of paliva. Yogo particles microscopic.

The interaction between natural gas molecules is weak. Tse-that and іdrіznyaє speech from the іnh aggregate mills, tobto іdin and stones. Itself from Budov and lie down the main characteristics natural gas. combustible.

The river is easy to ignite, and at 600-700 degrees Celsius it self-borrows. With tsom, the octane number of the fire is one 120-130. This parameter characterizes the detonation strength.

Self-imprisonment prototyping is important when squeezed. It's no secret that you are victorious, in the main, srіdzheniy natural gas... Yogo opens up from a snake at low temperatures and a high vice.

The octane number of the gas is recovered for the release of easily borrowed components to quiet ones, which, when compressed with pracea, oxidize. In gasoline, for example, n-heptane and isooctane. Zvidsi, vlasne, and the name of the number.

The calorific value of the hero of the statty is close to 12,000 kilocalories per cubic meter. Tobto, burning natural gas yes 4 times more energy, less sleep and 2 times more, less with robotic h.

Calorific value to gas for the delivery of naphtha. At the same time, the hero of the statty plays in front of a high molecular weight carbohydrate. Zokrem, sucking on natural gas non-exercise. І naphtha, і smoke. Until then, the gas burns without surplus. At the vugilya, for example, there is a lot of unprocessed ash.

Environmental friendly, natural gas is not safe. Yaksho add 5-15% of the hero to the statti bye, he is self-ignited. The process, naturally, is counterproductive in cryptic primitives. Natural gas booths, Yak and in the workshops, go to bed.

Busy to fix up. The reason is the lightness of methane. It is 2 times more important than the size. The axis of the natural gas molecule is brought to the bed. Rise of the phenomenon is foldable, even with color, no smell, no relish from natural gas.

From a chemistry point of view, the hero of the statty explains the parameters of methane, so that he enters into the reaction of substitution, pyrolysis and degradation. The first to swear on the exchange of two and more words by atoms. Piroliz - the process of storage during heating and at the outside of the day. Dehydrogenation is called the reaction of dissolution of organic matter.

Already at a 4 percent change in natural gas, there are houses of important carbohydrates, the power of the hero of the statty is changing. Values in the statistic of the averaging parameters. However, the practical value of being able to gas. natural material where input is deposited for purposes.

On the palivo they let the methane storehouses. Gas, which is less than 90%, is technically vvazayut, stagnant in the chemical industry. The details of the process are displayed in the same way. Leave, freeing up the gas dislocation points in nature.

View of the genus of natural gas

Natural gas is gas itself. Play the video clip. That is, light stocks of saliva are calculated not in kilograms or liters, but in cubic meters. Development on the planet 200 trillion and 363 million.

The shorter vid has reached 3.6 billion cubic meters. Їх deliver, Iran, Qatar, Turkmenia, USA, Arabia, United Emirates and Venezuela. The country has been re-insured in order to reduce the gas reserves.

Yak leader to the list, master of super-giants "Urengoyskiy" the birth of natural gas... The load was named in honor of the settlement, which was commissioned by the workers in 1966. For the reserves of firewood "Urengoyskoe" the family is the third place on Earth.

The nadrah has 16 trillion cubic meters of gas. Exported from 1978 to 1984 and exported to Europe. Until 2017, 70% of the reserves were violated, so that 16 trillion cubic meters were surplus to about 5.

To the gigantic name and "Yambur" ancestry. It is located in the same Yamal-Nimetsky okruzi, led by two rocks from "Urengoysky". View of natural gas on a commercial scale since 1980. Sphatku, stocks of ancestry were numbered 8.2 trillion cubic meters. Until 2017, gas was produced by 4 trillion cubic meters.

Vitrata natural eider s ancestry, de Sverdlovini bore in the minds of the permafrost, in addition to the importance of the resource. Schob add Yambursky palivo, add from 1 to 3 kilometers to the ground. 50 meters from them fall on the permafrost.

On the Yamal Peninsula there is one more family of gas - "Bovanenkovskoe". Yogo reserves of rіvnі 4.9 trillion cubic meters. They saw it in 1971, but they did it again in 2012. To that, for the current stocks, the baggage is due to the "Yamburskiy" and "Urengoyskiy" ancestors.

At the "Bovanenkovskoe" industry, the amount of 90 million cubic meters is scrupulously added natural gas. for the population p_vostrova enterprise - income and place of employment. I want to go to promises beyond the boundaries of the mainland.

Natural gas in Russia knowledge and on the sea expanses. So, "Shtokmanivske" is the ancestor of growing up between Murmansk and New Land. As a matter of fact, gas reserves are based on the bottom of the Barents Sea.

Glybin in mіsci vidbutku gas does not change 400-vid meters. The general public does not break down the lineage. Poki, the process of deposits until 2019. Obsyagi luggage is calculated as much as 4 trillion cubic meters of gas.

Another source of natural gas in the sea is at the bottom of the Karsky Sea. For the closeness to St. Petersburg it was named "Leningradsky", it was shown in an hour by the SRSR. The stocks of fires are estimated at 3 trillion cubic meters.

On the continental shelf of the Kars Sea, Rusanivske is the ancestor of natural gas. Pokey, Mova Yde about 779 Milliardiv cubic meters paliva. Forecast to predict an increase in numbers up to 3 trillion cubic meters. Stackable vidbutk of glybin gas. Vityaguvati yogo is brought from 1.5-2 kilometers.

Supply of natural gas from nadr in Sverdlovin it is a natural route. It is easy for a substance to just seep through the pores in the rock. In the sverdlovinі there is an area of a low vice.

There, there is natural gas, very high. Naturally, palyo pragne in drilled holes by people. Nyglibsha sverdlovina in the іda 6-kilometer glybina, is located on the "Urengoyskiy" family.

On a large load, the gas is brought up to the sverdlovins. To bore on the same things one way to the same, to shrug off equal ones. inakshe, natural gas grip in the layers of earth measles, it grows unevenly.

A part of the deep holes will simply be overpowered. As soon as one hole in the ground grows, it becomes very watery, so that it is filled with water. Vologa will hide in times of age, before they are busy with a fire, in a zagalny, where they drank after him.

Sucking in natural gas

Obviously, the stasis of the hero of the statty is palivo. Convey gas through pipes and drain it. Vologa in the gas warehouse wicks corrosion of pipes, and at low temperatures I fix the corks on the ice, clog it through.

The sound of the hero of the statty and from the sirkovodnyu z carbonized with gas... The rest is not regulated, but it is not economical. The water is guilty but not more than 2 grams per 100 cubic meters.

Natural gas is odorized for the protection of unhappy vipadkiv. Inakse, it seems, scattered with fragrant components. Stink the signal about the gas turn. Oskіlki itself does not smell hot, without dusting it is possible to consume millions of cubic meters.

Krim fire in cars and boiler rooms, gas is used as fire. On a new basis, opaluvalny boilers, kitchen stoves. Deyakі to acquire gas lamps, hanging them booths and courtyards.

View of natural gas at sea

In chemical industry, natural gas, more precisely methane from ny, serve as a syruvina for rejecting a number of plasticizers. Acetylene, methanol and cyanide water can be synthesized from natural gas. For acetylene, for example, straighten the acetate suture. Cyanism can be often found on synthetic fibers.

Stinks added gas without drill holes. We stumbled upon Wikopne in the jokes of the underground razchinіv kitchen. The bamboo stalk was joking for the help of the tinkling. Until the last days, metal lists were added. Axle and replacement of drills.

The names of the solutions were driven by valves h. The stench smelled of blacksmiths. Gas springs onto the surface at once with a gap. The Chinese made a mark on the spot, and on the viparovati mineral.

For draining the salt, they used to carry out the fire through the pipes from bamboo in their hatini. Zagalom, the simplest option for a gas pipeline, having already spent 8 years on that. At that time, they did not pay for natural fire. In particular, leather cubic meter -. Familiarize yourself with the censors.

Price for natural gas

Gas, in many ways, is a political factor. , Yak monopolist market, dictating the rules. 3 active factors on the firing in the form of yogo transport. It is expensive to transport in balloons. Supply of gas in a natural way without a precession through pipes in a way.

An hour, nature is pouring into the gas. Hurricane "Katrin", for example, in the United States has passed a video clip of fire. Apparently, the price list is for a new period. The hurricane swept through the gas-and-footprint areas.

Strip, as a rule, last for a party for strangers and friends. So, the part of a cubic meter of Russian gas in the whole of the country does not change 8 80 kopecks. This is the tariff for 2017 in the Saratov region.

At Pskov, for a child, pay 5 rubles 46 kopecks. The price is close to the active one in large gasified regions. As a matter of fact, 1,000 cubic meters of water is not more than 8,800 rubles, but rather, it’s close to 5,500.

The minimum price list for the flow rate for Europeans is about 11,000 rubles. The price of buying from Russia. Naturally, for a fire in their booths, it is natural to pay more.