Expansion of microbes in nature. The creation of a friendly and developing middle ground in robots with preschool children.

small and middle school

The region of the Pivdenny Federal District is very interested in developing small and medium-sized enterprises. Indicators of leaders - Krasnodar Territory The Rostov region, as a rule, is more than the average Russian, it is possible to move from the Moscow region, in which є friendly factories for the development of small and middle business. For example, in 2008 the number of pitomas of a wag of the middle size of sklavas in the Krasnodar Territory was 4 thousand meters, in the Rostov region it was 3.2 thousand meters, a small business unit was generally 3.1 and 2.5 times as many as 2.5 times. Even more active in the Pivdenny Federal District of Individual Industrial Trade.

Zinshogo side, Astrakhan region, Republic of Adigea and Republic of Kalmykia are characterized by low levels of development of legal production (middle, small and micro). Volgograd region of the middle position.

Nayvazhlivіshy eg State pіdtrimki pіdpriєmnitstva polyagaє in zmіtsnennі vzaєmodії, spіvpratsі Malih i serednіh fіrm, Malih i great of companies Pіvdennogo Federal District for efektivnosti access to novih tehnologіy, rozpodіlі rizikіv in rіznih forms spіlnoї ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі, spіlnogo vihodu on zovnіshnі Rink, organіzatsії spіlnih NAUKOVO-doslіdnih and pre-design work, professional knowledge of the main funds, accelerating the processes of development for the development of concentration and contacts in fakhivtsiv of light rivnya. Foreign news shows, that innovative companies are more active in interfirm cooperation. Merezhi small and middle companies will become key participants in the emerging new economic clusters and new industrial districts in the Pivdenny Federal District.

For the sake of sustainable economic growth in the New Federal District, the number of people employed in small and middle business in 2020 has increased by 4 times (until the end of 2008 - 2009 in the last half of 2008) and the last three vidsotkiv). The pace of development of small and middle enterprises in the environs will be ahead of the pace, transferred by the project "Development of small and middle enterprises": a number of small and middle enterprises per 1 thousand. Cholovik in 2012 - 2015 rocky warehouse 20 (by Russian Federation- 17), a part of the gross domestic product, sold at small and medium business enterprises - 30 - 40 vids (in Russia - 25 - 35 vids); in 2016 - 2020 rocky number of small and medium enterprises per 1 thousand. the head of the warehouse is 22 (in Russia - 20), and a part of the gross domestic product, installed at the enterprises of small and middle business, can be increased up to 45 pieces (in Russia - up to 40 pieces).

For Tsikh dosyagnennya pokaznikіv neobhіdno prodovzhiti zastosuvannya program- tsіlovogo pіdhodu to realіzatsії povnovazhen on mіstsevomu rіvnі, in addition chislі for rakhunok spіvfіnansuvannya munіtsipalnih programs rozvitku sub'єktіv small serednogo pіdpriєmnitstva i s i regіonalnih federal byudzhetіv, pіdvischennya prozorostі Reigning i munіtsipalnih poslug Shlyakhov їh operational perekladu in E-views, rozvitku sistemi bagatofunktsіonalnih tsentrіv, rozvitok MEREZHI іnfrastrukturi pіdtrimki small i serednogo pіdpriєmnitstva, in addition chislі spriyaє rozshirennyu access to fіnansovoї, maynovoї, іnformatsіynoї, osvіtnoї, konsultatsіynoї pіdtrimki, usunennya admіnіstrativnih bar'єrіv, i Zahist rights laws of іnteresіv small i serednogo pіdpryєmnitstva.

The specifics of the entry into the field of industrial production in the Great Federal Environment of the field in the active robots in the field of agriculture, as well as the increase in the availability of land enterprises by the way, the improvement of the vision of the system, the level of the system

The development of education in the great agglomerations and in the distant regions of the country will inevitably be differentiated. For the first time, the Zusill will be focused on the most recent development of a part of small and middle business (oil and gas service companies, environmental services, geological surveys, etc.). For the whole there will be dozens of new technoparks and business incubators in business specialization, a special policy has been implemented for the development of small and medium business in all structures of the middle of clusters - in the systems of supplies, spheres.

For the education of small and innovative companies, there will be grants programs under their own primary mortgages to the district. Official innovative companies will need subsidies to compensate for vitrates for the development of new products, services and methods in their technologies (transmissions), as well as new hardware processes, bathing of machines and the possession of new technologies and technologies

Special comers will be directed to the mainstream of the mind for the development of the export potential of small enterprises, including the development of programs for the development of competitive and export-oriented projects.

Znachnі zusillya will attempt zoseredzhenі on stimulyuvannі kooperatsії great, serednogo i small bіznesu (for rakhunok Venue of konferentsіy postachalnikіv in prіoritetnih clusters vistavok i yarmarkіv, rozvitku galuzevih i cluster BIZNES-asotsіatsіy i bіrzh subkontraktatsії) i zabezpechennі іntegratsії small bіznesu of osvіtnіmi Set (hold semіnarіv, inclusion of business representatives in diploma robots and attestation commissions, organizing practice at small and medium business enterprises).

In vіddalenih sіlskih District prіoritetnimi taps will stimulyuvannya rozvitku small Promyslova virobnitstva in sferі harchovoї, legkoї promislovostі, derevoobrobki, budіvnitstva, drіbnoserіynogo i drіbnotovarnogo mashinobuduvannya, Transport i logіstiki, packaging, rozdrіbnoї torgіvlі, rozvitok sistemi kreditnoї kooperatsії i mіkrofіnansuvannya, formuvannya konsaltingovoї i virobnichoї іnfrastrukturi , information and coverage of the pidtrimka.

The need to improve the health of the economy of the Pivdenny Federal District, to reduce the price and improve the quality of products and services, to ensure the safety of all participants in the market, all-out development of competitors Broken and solidified in the sub'ekts of the First Federal District, regional programs for the development of competition in the Russian Federation, approved by the Order of the Russian Federation for 2009 from 191 outside the city until the beginning of the competitive environment and the beginning of the competitive middle ground.

Irina Kuzmina
The development of a friendly and developing middle ground in robots with preschool children

One s important minds vikhovno-sanctuary robots in preschool establish - correct organization of subject matter developing center... properly organized growing middle to allow the skinny child to know his busyness to the soul, to feel in his strength and health, to be in touch with the teachers and the one-sided, intelligence and appreciation of the good and the good, but it’s better to lie in the foundation developing navchannya.

Developing a subject in the middle є with the main method the formulation of the specialness of the child and the dzherelom of her knowledge and social awareness.

middle, Navkolishnє children in child's garden, I am guilty of not worrying about the care of their life, of taking care of the health and the hardening of the skin organism from them.

organizing substantively developing center in a child's garden, the efficiency of a whirlwind is not effective, which is straightforward to form an active educational setting in children to the knowledge of objects, people, and nature.

relevance: One of the most important factors development specialties of the child є middle, I live in yakiy vin, gra, take care of and recover.

meta: Preserve the mind system necessary for development deznomanitnyh types of childishness.

zavdannya:

- open necessary changes for development internal activity of the child;

It is necessary for a child's skin to be able to self-assert itself in the most significant spheres of life, in the maximum degree to open up its individual quality and health;

Lead the style vzaєmin, like bi love and povagu to the specialness of the skin child;

functions in detail major in the middle:

Piznavalna - satisfying the child's need for the development of new life, stimulating cognitive activity;

Communicative - stimulating motivations branch, Allowing children to know as well as spilkuvannya and interaction;

Improving health - stimulates rukhovy activity, zbagachu rukhovy dosvid, doluchaє to health culture;

Creative - zaluchaє children to creative activity, spriy self-development and self-realization.

Our group has growing middle divided into small microcentres for independent performance children:

Center for Physical Culture:

zavdannya: open wash for busyness physical rights in the group, stimulate the bazhannya of children to engage in rukhovoy activity. Vihovuvati in children has learned to be put to good health. Improvement of the lower and upper characteristics, prevention of flat feet; prophylaxis colds; Change of spine muscles, improvement of scoliosis.

cuckoo: The board is smooth and ribbed; kilimki, dorіzhki masazhnі (For the prevention of flat feet); m'yachі; jump ropes; skittles; attributes for carrying out crumbling igor, rank gymnastics.

Requirements in Russia є to important staff when organizing substantively - developing center.

center of the creative mystery:

zavdannya: development of interest, Uwaga, addictiveness, emotional vision of children on the outskirts of natural power and quality of objects in everyday life.

Ustatkuvannya and materials, yaki є in cuckoo: Collect color olivts; collect felt-tip pens; bag pens; gouache; watercolor; color waxes credits etc .; penzlika - thin and tovsti; jars for washing penzels from farbi; papier for painting in size; stencils behind themes; plasticine; stacks; seals; servetki from fabric, docks for painting with felt-tip pen and creyda.

Book Center:

zavdannya: Formuvannya navichki listening, cleverly povoditsya with the book; Formation and development of information about navkolishn_y.

Ustatkuvannya and materials, scho є in our cuckoo: Polichki for books, books for the program, love books for children, little books, little books; albums for viewing: "Professia", "Pori rock", "Child's Garden"; collect plot and subject pictures; greetings development і т... etc.

I list 4-5 books at the books of the vitrine group, as a rule, I also know children, with great, great illustrations. The term of transferring the book into a little bit makes it interesting for children to get the whole book. V middle term її perebuvannya in new become 2-2.5 tyzhnіv. At a little bit, I give the children the first lessons of self-styled spilkuvannya book: I know about a little book that I’m given by the instructions, I’ll look at the books only there (brothers, the books with clean hands, re-gorpt them carefully, do not tear, do not crush, do not vikorisovuvat for іgor; for that, you wondered, be sure to put the book on). My lads love, if I read books with them and look at pictures.

center of nature:

zavdannya: ecology vikhovannya and education of children. Vihovuvati love i dbaylive shutter before nature.

Our group has a lot of room roslin; pіdіbranі pictures for the pores of rock, dummies of vegetables and fruits; prepared virobi s natural material; natural and unprofitable material, cotton wool, papyr of different varieties, liyki, rozpiluvach for kits, sticks for pushing the earth.

The children of our group have come to know the Roslin and to name the main parts of the Roslin (Stem and leaves)... I have laid out the nature of the roseline in a small circle, with its main parts vividly twisting and beautifully, clearly and quite squarely. Children have come to water the roslin because of the driver's certificate.

psychological center:

zavdannya: stem minds for the preservation of the psychological health of the skin child.

Psychological kuchuka є I do not calm down, de child we see to ourselves we will abduct and maybe quietly grate. In some cases it is necessary, in some cases it is necessary. Such little cocks prikhovoyut children from outside eyes. A few days by itself take up a lot of space in a group room. It can be simpler and more functional. Our group є: Budinochok, in which the child sees himself calmly; box - "Mirilki", Yaka will reconcile children; pillows "Good foul mood» і roads to them; muddle and everything is rich.

theater center:

zavdannya: branch hearing protection and respect; Formation of Vikonavsky navichok; branch creativity of children on the basis of literary creations.

Ustatkuvannya and materials, yaki є in our cuckoo: Theater nastilny, screen and nabory lyalok (Finger, square and in.); decorations, masks for staging kazoks.

Children in captivity from our theater center. Mi namagaєmosya znayomiti malyukіv with different views of the theater. Zustrich z lyalkoy additional help for children to relax, to take a spouse, open up the radio atmosphere.

PDR center

zavdannya: Zakrіpiti knowledge of children about the rules of the road traffic, rules of behavior on the streets, otrimanih on busyness through emocyne sprynyattya; vikhovati competent pishohod.

There is a lot of safety for children on the road, so there is no reason to lay down the correct vivchennya PDR in a child's garden.

Our center has attributes for plot and role-based igors with road themes (rod, whistle, box, road signs, light-lamp model, wall-cross (small road signs, different types of transport, igrashki, children art literature for the topic).

Posibnik and іgri s navchannya children ruled the road. Scientific and illustrative material ( іlustratsії: Transport, road signs; plot pictures with problematic road situations).

Subject - spacious I'll leave the group more comfortable mood, with an emotional happy children.

Children are even sleepier until the day is over, so the whole situation of the group is of greater importance.

In such a rank, it was organized middle it is practical to know the confusion in spіlkuvannі malukіv one to one, anxiety syndrome due to the presence of a close senior. Children calmly enter the group of one-story children, show one to one almost sympathy. They have an interest in a child's garden, bazhannya bootie in a child's spirituality. The position of the baby is active and the joy of mastering є indicators of correct straightforward robots grown up.

List of literature.

1. Denisenkova N. "Yak organizuvati navkolishn" mid» . Doshkilne vikhovannya No. 12, 2003r.

2. Sterkina R. « Razvivayuche middle ground in DNZ» ... Hoop number 3, 1997r.

3. Nischeva N. V. "Subject-space developing the middle in a child's cage". View "Dignity-pres", SPb., 2007.

4. Novosolova S. L. « Growing object not the middle» , Moscow: Center for Innovation in Pedagogy, 1995r.

5. Rizhova M. A. « Growing middle of preschool installations» , M .: link-PRES, 2003r.

6. Tarlovsky N. « growing middle and the stage of growing up of the child "... Hoop number 3, 1997r.

The soil was established by the injection of biological, chemical and physical injections on the girskuyu rock.

grubby- folding historical process. Falsely from the last day of the bagatokh chinniks and their intensity to form різні tipi soil

Microorganisms play a major role in the primary soil-forming process. Mineral and girski breed under the infusion of specific microorganisms, the so-called strong bacteria, up to which Aristovskaya zarakhovuє nіtrіfіcatori, tіobacterіі, as well as sportive bacteria.

The fate of microorganisms in ruined mines is direct and indirect. In the case of direct ruinuvanny microflora is infused onto the rock breed in two ways: enzymatic and behind the additional microbial slime. Most significant є enzymatic ruinuvannya, with which vivilnjaetsya sirka, zalizo, manganese and іn. The lesser significance of the development of girskogo breed for mucus formation, the process is even more specific. Slime to take revenge on polysaccharides, uronic acid, carboxyl and phenyl groups, which are poured onto minerals. As a result, complex spheres are established, and they are minimal. Indirect injection into parent rock take the part of the metabolic products of microorganisms, which are even stronger reagents. Before them, the springs, mineral and organic acids, and chelate-forming speech, which are characterized by a change in power, are known. Some microorganisms produce sirchan acid, and one is nitrogen. It has been established that inorganic acids, as microorganisms, are most active in taking part in the ruined girskogo breed. The price of the stage of the soil-making process, in the course of which autotrophic microorganisms develop, as well as vikoristovyut mineral lively speech. Heterotrophic microorganisms develop more intensively there, de organic speech. Acids, which are seen as microorganisms, are viciously ruinous of girsky generations, at the same time they are neutralized, and a friendly center for the development of microorganisms is created. Bagato microorganisms, with their development, see puddles of half-trees, which are important for deep-rooted areas, sprinkles of soil minerals. Otzhe, microorganisms take an active part in the primary soil-forming process. microorganisms, organic spoluke, Which revenge nitrogen, i girsk breed- tse necessary factor for the formulation of ґruntu. Autotrophic microorganisms є the first slugs of the young breed, the stench fills up the organic speech and develops for the development of heterotrophic microorganisms and larger forms of life - lichens, moss. One of the main tasks in connection with cym is the process of monitoring microbiological processes in the primary and current soil-forming process.

Root microflora gra plays an important role in the life of roslin. Vona approached the root of the biologically active ball, painting the growth of the growth, the growth of the growth of the disease, etc. However, until the present hour, there is little evidence of the great role of microorganisms in the growth of simplicity, For the hour of evolutia of the roselin and, bezperechno, gravel and grain play a great role in the life of the dermal roselin appearance. The ancient Romans were not vaguely old, but a good soil is needed for the successful development of the roslin. In the early days of science, it has been brought up that microorganisms can live in the ground, with the help of such growths they can grow up to the middle and they will supply the growers with lively speeches and withers.

For the development of primitive microbiology, there is a great significance of the presenters of microbiologists: Vinogradskiy, Omelyanskiy, Butkevich, Kostichev, Khudyakov, etc. In 1880, the Kamenskiy vidkriv at the roslin micorizu and the growth of the vine, the root of the deyak roslin pokriti micelim mushrooms. Kostichev in 1882-1885 rr. vivchav the role of soil fungi in the approved humus. Vinogradsky Vidkriv to the process of chemosynthesis and by ourselves new era in the development of the root microbiology. Vin izolyuviv and viviv sirchisti, zalizist and nitrifying bacteria, and in 1894, vyaviv and species of clostridia - G. pasteurianum, - an anaerobic nitrogen fixer. Like cime, the Dutch microbiologist Beyerink vidkriv azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) - aerobic nitrogen fixers. Prior to Butkevich's prescription, the intensity and regularities of the process of organizing organic speech were assigned, the sound could be filled in with new nitrogen and carbon. Omelyanskiy Vivchav Placing cellulose in soil and behavior of nitrogenous bacteria. Russian and Radian microbiologists have established that microbiological activity in soils is growing and it is not only to lay down the microflori warehouse, but from the minds, like the gate for development. There is one of the most important studies of soil microbiology: the significance of factors, such as the development of micro flora, and optimal minds for biological processes in the soil.

The soil is densely populated with microorganisms, which will be cared for by lively speeches, repetitions, vologo, friendly temperature. Growth of microflori in the great world physical and chemical authorities soil.

Structural soil has such factors, as a good aeration and a sense of the mind, friendly for the development of microorganisms. In addition, there is a lot of microorganisms in the process of living, they see speech, in their own way they positively infuse the structure of the soil, and in such a rank they themselves fold and paint the mind for its development. There is a role in the general introduction of aerobic microorganisms, such as the release of organic surpluses, such as cementitious ones. On the thought of Mishustin (1956), in the stem of the stiff structure, the soil takes an active part in the fungus and actinomyceti, smells like micelles, envelopes the soil particles. Bacteria (azotobacter, small bacilli, etc.) See mucus, behind the addition of which the structure is formed with water resistance. when distributed organic speeches uronic acid is seen in flux of microorganisms; z'ednuchis with bricks, won the form of uroprotein complex, which will cement the power.

Structural soil is the most abundant of microorganisms, which develop in pores, in connection with which the porosity of the soil is of great importance for life. Soil pores become filled with water, as vikoristovuyutsya microorganisms. It remains to accumulate on the surface of the soil particles, de-adsorbed from the living speech. Bacteria get adsorbed on the soil, so it doesn't get overwhelmed by development.

Soil dissension is to take revenge on the abundant old-timers, to prevent the development of populations of microorganisms.

For the health of microorganisms, there is a great value for the reaction of the soil breakdown (pH), a fraction of the amount is poured into the range of salts. However, it is not the pH value itself, but the concentration of water-borne ions in the soil distribution to the extent of the live-water rivers. Acid reaction does not develop microflori.

At the surface balls, the soil intensively undergoes oxidative processes, the microflora is actively developing, so that in larger horizons it decreases instead of sour and the renewal processes take place. Cordon between two other protolezhny processes is initiated by the power of the ground and lies in the form of a mountain, on which aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms develop.

An important factor in the development of microorganisms is the appearance in the ground with a high volume of dioxide in coal. Kisen is in sufficient quantity to be found only in the surface horizon, de and the number of microflori is the most important.

Buffer building, such as soil, inactive rіznі speeches, Such yak acids, toxins and in.

Temperature drop also positively infuses micro-flora on the development of microscopic fluorescence, too high temperature values ​​appear only in the surface horizon, so in larger balls the soil temperature will be reached permanently. Microorganisms vitrify an altogether low temperature. It has been established that when frozen ground is added, its development is stimulated. Soils of microorganisms can be struggling from the lurid flow of sleepy promenades, ale, from the other side, the sun, positively flowing into the microflora. According to Krasilnikov's tribute, nitrogen microorganisms are more active in the soil-climatic minds with high temperatures.

Before the inflow of microorganisms into the soil, growing and solid surpluses are laid. Otrimuvani products of the distribution of organic speeches are given to biochemical transformations, as a result of which specific speeches accumulate in the soil, which are called humus. In the processes of mineralization and synthesis, when humus is established, it takes on the role of developmental enzyme, which is synthesized by microorganisms. In the organic surplus in the first place, one can store up in carbohydrates, some bottles, fat, and in the remainder of structural carbohydrates - hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Organizational speech, which is not mineralized under the inflow of microorganisms, is practically visible in the soil.

The synthesis of organic streams in the ground will be attributed to the participation of other species of microorganisms. A special role is played by autotrophic microorganisms: sulfur bacteria, iron bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and in.

The root of roslin and microorganisms are seen at the root of the biological activity of speech: vitamins, auxines, pantothenic and nicotinic acid and enzymes, which are found in the active station and stimulate the growth. At the ground, the presence and appearance of microorganisms of antibiotics are seen, as they drive or increase the life of children of the most awesome species, with the development of brown microorganisms.

Bacterial cells are adsorbed on the surface of soil particles, which are especially strongly manifested in the surface horizons and on soils with high sorption structure. In acidic soils, bacteria are adsorbed more intensively. For high adsorption on neutral soils, low voltages and temperatures are required. Adsorption is a reverse process: change of temperature, soil reaction, vologosti and other factors to produce desorption of bacterial cells. The adsorbed microorganisms stolen from unfriendly minds, however, with less activity, some of the adsorptions are not physical and chemical, but biological in nature. Pidґrunts also adsorb the products of microorganisms. Particularly important for the development of microflora is the adsorption of products in metabolism, and spills with the whole soil become toxic. With the adsorption of enzymes, antibiotics, stimulants in the growth and development of microorganisms, the activity takes a trivial hour, since it is less important for the efficiency of the soil and the development of microflora.

Clinics of microorganisms in growths in the ground are irregular. The stench confirms the growth of the colony. Naybils often live at once non-antagonistic vidi. Microorganisms make the difference in great times, wanting to penetrate into other times and capillaries. The stench of crumbling and building shifts by 1.5-3.5 m.

Near the ground there are practically no dylanoks that are not inhabited by microorganisms, and their growth helps to build up the shape in the fallowness of the most callous minds. The stench can be sticky, coccoid, and besides, it can be small, and so on.

About a specific type of soil injected into a number and a warehouse of microorganisms. So, Mishustin vvazhak, which broadened microorganisms in the suvor geographic zonality. For example, the production of Azotobacter, bulbous bacteria, B. mycoides and in. Change from one point to another by ground-geographic minds. On the dummy of Krasilnikov (1958), Poshon and de Berzhak (1969), the number and warehouse of soil microflora lie among the most diverse minds - the dewy curtain, the temperature, the temperature and the most important officials, i.e. Temperature - one of the best ecological officials... The soil has the most abundant mesophilic microorganisms. Regardless of the geographic zonality, the development of psychrophilic and thermophilic microorganisms.

An important factor for the living of microorganisms є a vologue: in areas with low vology, xerophytic forms are re-fermented, up to the main representatives of which microorganisms and actinomycetes are encountered. Expansion and storage of microorganisms is not based on the type of soil, but on the basis of the existing officials characteristic of the given microorganism. On the thought of Mishustin (1948), Sushkin (1949), from the distribution of microorganisms, one can judge about the nature of the soil. Most often, in the capacity of such an indicator, take on the number and activity of the Azotobacter genus, which are especially sensitive to the change of soil-ecological minds. Otzhe, the soil is a natural substrate, in every microorganism there is a mind for its own understanding. It is necessary to note that in nature there is no sterile soil, i.e., colonized by microorganisms. The number of microorganisms, the number of microorganisms, between groups, the intensity of the processes, in which stench take their part, the species warehouse, etc. It is quite possible to lie down in the soil-climatic minds.

When the soil is populated by microorganisms, it is important for the nobility not only in numbers, but in the activity of microorganisms. The number of microorganisms by day and by the beginning of the steps of biological activity in the soil. In ecological systems, as a result of some new factors in the soil, biologic conditions will arise, and most of them will be severely destroyed by anthropogenic influx. Rizni agrotechnical priyomy - kindly, growing, soil processing, cherguvannya crops in growing and in. With the introduction of good microflora, as a rule, it activates. Withering and processing of soils with a significant world change and remove microorganisms. The changes of biological authorities to the soil in fallowness due to the technology of cultivation of cultures are displayed on the basis of the power and convenience, at the same time the number, warehouse and activity of microorganisms is changing, the basic process is breaking down. That is why there is a particular relevance of the development of biological powers to the soil, especially with intensive growing and good crops as one of the main officials of anthropogenic infusion.

Yaksho vi knew the mercy, be weasel, see a fragment of the text and natisnit Ctrl + Enter.

MIKROBIOLOGIYA OF BASIC CHARCHOVIH PRODUCTS

Harchovy products є a friendly center for the development of microbes.

Microbiology of milk and dairy products.

Milk is an excellent middle ground for the development of microorganisms, which can be consumed in a new way and in food, from the hands of milkmaids, food supplies, inventory, etc.

In 1 ml of milk there is a sprinkle of hundreds of thousands of microbes. When milk is cooled to +3 ", the number of microbes is reduced by the amount of antibacterial bacteria. Fresh milk lasts 2-40 years. until the development of all microorganisms, including the step-by-step bend of the lactic acid bacteria themselves.

In pasteurized milk (heated to 63-90 ° C), all lactic acid bacteria and bactericidal speech are less likely to go out, and even spores form microbes become more active. Dodatkovo obsіmenіnnya milk rotten or ailing microbes to produce milk and rob it is not safe for health. To that, milk was pasteurized in a vimaganny mode of zberigannya (+ 4 ° C to 36 h).

sterilized milk(Heat up to 140 ° С for a few seconds), cooked from fresh yak milk, microbes should not be taken away, and it will take up to 4 months in an airtight package.

In milk, you can eat ailing microbes - dysentery, celiac fever, brucellosis, tuberculosis. Tomato boil milk in a huge food.

Thickened milk Good luck, because there is a great concentration of zukru or sterilization in a large number of bacteria. Life is taken only by the deyaki of disputes of bacteria. Strongly contaminated syruvin, which has been prepared with thickened milk, can lead to fermentation or gnatty.

Sour-milk products should be placed in microorganisms, which should be entered before a warehouse of the factory starter culture: pure culture for sour streptococcus, bulgarian and acidophilic sticks, and others - for kefir and kumis. In addition, the microflora of sour-milk products is stored in the form of microflora of milk and sanitary condition.

siri Reveal microorganisms of the sourdoughs and the ripening process, for the duration of the milk-sour and propionic fermentation in the middle of the syringes. Most of the temperature, water content, salinity, salinity of the heads of the sir, some of the surplus tsukru and the other process, such as the occurrence of specific conditions for the passage of siriv. Until the end of the season, the fermentation of lactic acid ferments decreases, and the propionic acid fermentation decreases, the hydrolysis of bilks, accumulation of acidic acids, light up the glasses, relish, aroma, consistency of syringes.

In the soft mucus syringes, the processes of ripening from anywhere from the surface, there are small bacteria, mushrooms, and then penetrate into the middle of the syrup mass.

The spoilage of the syringes in the eyes of the wrong little one, the mucking, the shaving of the head, the non-powerful relish and smell of the oily-acid bacteria, and of the syringes, the blooming mushrooms.

Microbiology of grub fats.

Vershkov oil, To revenge a lot of water, bіlkіv, in carbohydrates, contaminated with hundreds of thousands of rotten, lactic acid, fat-forming and proteolytic bacteria, and in sour oil, moreover, to take revenge and aromatic coca. Fat-splitting bacteria can reduce the rancidity of fats, giving the oil a great gusto. To that, the oil does not last long (up to 10 dB) at a temperature of + 4 ° C.

Fat melted foodі roselinnі oils, so there is little to take away from the science (up to 0.3%), stikі to dії mіkrobіv, and from here it is better to save.

VPLIV UMOV ZOVNISHNOGO SEREDOVISHCHA ON MICROORGANIZMI

The life of microbes is found in the fallowness of the midst of the midst. Create and think in the middle, develop microbes, you can take the development of brown and bring the life of the smart microorganisms. Harchovy products can be well taken only with the open minds of unwilling minds for the development of shkidliv microbes in them.

The main factors that infuse microbes on the living are: temperature, vologism, light, the nature of the living middle.

- injection of physical factors into microbi:

Temperature. All microbes have the maximum, optimum and minimum temperature of their development. The optimum temperature for large microorganisms is 25-35 ° C.

Minimal temperature range in small microbes in children. Lowering the temperature is hopeful, or pinching the development of microbes, but not driving it in. That is, when cooled (6 ° C) and frozen (from -6 to -20 ° C), the food is good, but when added and processed, the microbial will be restored to its usefulness.

Maximum temperature(45-50 ° С) also zupinyaє development of microbes. Further, the temperature adjustment leads to the bend of the vegetative cells, and then to the super-stream. Pasteurization (6О-9О ° С) and sterilization (100-120 ° С) of grub products are based on microbes for high temperatures.

The fallow temperature develops microbial growth (coldness), in which the optimum development is 15 ° C (mushroom flowers); mesophilic (lands, which develop at average temperatures), in some the optimum is 25-37 "C (ailing bacteria, others); thermophilic (thermophilic), in some the optimum is 50 ° C (lactic acid bacteria).

Vologist. There has been an increase in the number of old-fashioned old-fashioned speeches, from the same time, and the development of microbes. To that food, which can be avenged on a large number of vologues (milk, meat, riba, vegetables, fruit), it can be swallowed.

The lower middle range for the development of bacteria is 20%, and the flower mushrooms - 15%. In addition, it is an excellent way to preserve the products from the drying process to the lower limit specified.

- infusion of chemistry officials onto microbi:

Sereda with an increased concentration of speeches... As it is already said, microbes live in the middle with a small concentration of razchinnikh speeches. With an increased concentration of salt (up to 10-20%) and sugar (up to 60-70%), a lot of microbial growth will increase its growth (rotten, lactic acid) as a result of the hydration of microbial cells. Diya of high concentration of salt on microbial vikoristoyut with the ambassador of ribi, meat, and zukru - when preparing boiled, jam, jam.

reaction of the middle... Most microbes develop in neutral (pH = 7) or in a weakly watered middle (pH = 8), and flowers and others - in a weakly acidic middle (pH = 3-6). Changing the reaction of the middle, can be added to the development of microorganisms. On the whole, the methods of canning vegetables, fruits of sauerkraut (for help, lactic acid) and pickling (for help, pickling acid), are used, in the process of which to drive the life of the backyard.

light... Directly sleepy and kill microbes, including ailments. Tooth ultraviolet light exchanges and special BUV lamps, used for disinfection of water, povitrya, primischeny.

Chemistry speeches ... It’s a bit of a chemistry to play with microbiology and vicariously for everyone’s life. Smells are called antiseptics or disinfectants. So, chlorine is vaped in a huge food storage for disinfection of hands, dishes and possession (0.2%), sorbic acid for saving juices. frankness benzoic acid in cranes, lingonberries

- Injection of biological officials... Microbiology in the process of living can be injected one on one, taking development or driving. Remaining the power of microbes to vicorize as a human being in the struggle with ailing microbes. Bagato bacterium, mushrooms are seen in navkolishnє center speeches are antibiotics, so it is hard to develop other microbes. Penicilin, streptomycin, gramitsidin, biomitsin antibiotics are widely used in medicine.

The other words, close to antibiotics for the character of the show on microbi, є phytoncidi. The speech, which is seen by the bagatma roslin (cibulea, chalk, chron, citrus fruits, etc.)

1. What are the perevagi who may be phytoncidi in relation to antibiotics?

The life of microbes is found in fallowness from the midst of the midst. Create and think in the middle, develop microbes, you can take the development of brown and bring the life of high-class microbes.

The main factors that add microbes to the living are:

1. Temperature. All microbes have the maximum, optimum and minimum temperature of their development. The optimum temperature for large microbes is 25-35 ° С.

The minimum temperature range is -6 to - 20 ° С. If at such temperatures, do not move microbes, but you will not be able to trust your development. When frozen, I know to repair my activity.

The maximum temperature (45 - 50 ° С) is also the growth of microbes. Farther push up to bend.

2. Vologist. There has been an increase in the number of different old-fashioned speeches, from the same time, and the development of microbes. To that food, which can be avenged on a great number of vologues (milk, meat, riba, vegetables, fruit), it can be swallowed. In addition, drying is the most effective way of preserving products.

3. Light. Directly sleepy and kill microbes, including ailments. Dental ultraviolet light exchange and special lamps BUV, vicoristovanich for disinfection of water, power.

4. Cheerful speeches. It’s a bit cheery to play with microbiology and vicariously for everyone’s life. So chlorine should be used for dysentery of the hands.

5. Biological factors. Microbiology in the process of living can be injected one on one, taking development or driving. Bagato bacterium, mushrooms are seen in the navkolishn middle of the speech - antibiotics, tooth and nail on the development of other microbes. By the other words, close to antibiotics for the character of the show on microbi, є phytoncidi. The chains of speech, which are seen by the bagatma with roslin (cibulea, chantelle, chron, citrus), drive in ailing mikrobi dysentery, a rotten stick.

Expansion of microbes in nature.

Microbiology is widely expanded in nature: in the ground, near the water, in the water.

It is a very friendly middle ground for the development of microbes є soil, in 1 g of which is located up to decilky milliard microbes. The development of microbes near the ground is evident in new speech, post-mortem, temperature, sleepiness. Most microbes can be found on glybin from 1 to 30 cm. The soil is smaller, less in black soil.

For children of microorganisms, water is a natural sensation, especially in critical waters: rivers, seas, lakes. s waste waters You can eat ailing microbi. Such water should be given to the retailer purification - vidstoyuvati, filtruvati, ozonuvati, blotted with ultraviolet interchanges.