Mediums of life on earth and ecological factors flowing into organisms

Ecology

On the topic: Spheres of life on the planet Earth. Priming

visonal

Sokolova A.A.

1st year student

ЄGF 412 group

Entry

On our planet it is possible to see a few of the main centers of life, to grow strongly behind the minds of the mind: water, ground-based, soil. The middle race of being able to serve is also the organisms themselves, in which they live as organisms.

Water became the first center of life. Itself in nіy z'yavilosya life. In the world of the historical, the development of rich organisms began to populate the ground-dwellers of the middle. As a result, land growths and creatures appeared, which evolved, adapting to new minds.

In the process of living organisms and children of bureaucrats inanimate nature(Temperature, water, winter and in.) On the land surface, the balls of the lithosphere were gradually transformed into the ground, in the natural, behind the vislov V. I. Vernadsky, "the bio-inert tilo of the planet", which is the result of the spiritual activity of living organisms and factors of the middle of life.

The soil began to be populated by both water and ground organisms, a specific complex її bagkansіv.

1. Soil yak midst of life

The soil is easy to use - є the most friendly substrate, or the middle ground for the most important living things - microorganisms, tvarin and roslin. It is also showing that the soil (land of the Earth) is 700 times larger than the ocean, if you want to fall on a piece of land less than 1/3 earthly surface... The soil is a surface ball of land, which can be stored up from the sum of the mineral springs, which are removed during the fall girskikh breeds, І organic speech lines, which were found as a result of the spreading of tall and regular lattices by microorganisms. At the surface balls, the soil is lulled by small organisms, the ruins of the surplus of the dead organisms (fungi, bacteria, worms, other arthropods, etc.). The activity of the cich organisms is active in the adoption of the rudimentary ball of the root, which is attached to the life of the living organisms. The soil can be covered with a transitional center, between the ground-dwelling center and water, for the discovery of living organisms. The soil is a collapsible system, which includes a solid phase (minerals), a rare phase (groundwater) and a gas-like phase. Spіvvіdnoshennya tsikh three phases and viznacha singularity ґruntu yak the middle of life.

2. The particularity of the soil yak middle ground

The soil is a fluffy thin surface sphere of land, which is in contact with the twisting middle. Unimportant to insignificant things, the whole shell of the Earth will play a role in extended life. The soil is not just solid, as much of the lithosphere, but a folding triphase system, in which solid particles are soaked in water. Vona is permeated with empty ones, filling up the confusion of gases and water razorches, and in addition, in them there is a highly intelligent mind, friendly for the life of micro- and macroorganisms.

The ground has smoothed out the temperature range in the ground with the ground ball of twilight, and the manifestation of the ground waters and the penetration of the fall off the reserves of the vologue and prevent the regime of water, intermediate between the water and the ground. At the ground, reserves of organic and mineral waters are concentrated, which are supplied to the world and the corpses of creatures. All the reasons for the great abundance of soil to life. The heterogeneity of minds in the ground most often manifests itself in a vertical direction.

A number of the most important ecological bureaucrats are changing rapidly and pouring into the soil of the soil. The first step is to be applied to the structure of the soil. They see three main horizons, which develop behind morphological and chemical powers: 1) the upper supernumerary-accumulative horizon A, which accumulates and transforms into an organic speech and from which it is often led downward; 2) the immersion horizon, or illuvial B, de-settles and transforms from the top of the speech, і 3) the parent rock, which is the C horizon, the material that transforms into the ground.

Vologa in the soil is present in the rural mills: 1) it is tied (hygroscopic and plivkova) to be mitigated by the surface of the soil particles; 2) capital loan for any period of time and can be oversubscribed on them in in different directions; 3) gravitational storage will keep more empty and generally seep down to the bottom of the injected force; 4) steam like to take place in the ground surface.

Collecting the temperature rise only on the surface of the soil. Here the stench can be stronger, but not in the near-earth globe. However, with a skin centimeter in the future, the seasonal temperature changes will melt less and less, and at a depth of 1-1.5 m, it is practically impossible to quilt.

A chemical warehouse for soil in the form of an elementary warehouse of all geospheres, which take part in the formulated soil. Before the warehouse, be it any soil, it should include those elements, such as broadening or developing both in the lithosphere, and in the hydro-, atmosphere and biosphere.

Before the warehouse of ґruntіv enter mayzhe all elements periodic systems Mendeleva. However, it is more important to develop in soils in even smaller quantities, so in practice, the mother can be right in all with 15 elements. Before them, lay in front of the chotiri elements of the organogen, i.e., E. Z, N, O and H, as entering the store of organic fluids, sometimes from non-metals S, P, Si and C1, and from metals Na, K, Ca, Mg, AI , Fe і Мn.

Pererakhovani 15 elements, storage basis chemistry warehouse the lithosphere as a whole, at the same hour to enter the ash part of the growing and tary surplus, yak, into his own house, to pretend to be a rakhunok of elements that are spreading in the mass of soil. Kilkisniy vmist in the soil of these elements in a reasonable way: put O and Si on the first place of the demand, on the other - A1 and Fe, on the third - Ca and Mg, and then - To and all of them.

Specific power: strong folding (solid part or skeleton). Limit bureaucrat: not enough heat, and also not enough or too much inology.

Organisms live in the ground

The soil is the essence of the moment of breaking down the powerless organisms. However, living in the ground is called pedobionts. Those who hired from them є bacteria<#"justify">... Adaptations of organisms to the minds of the middle

Organizations that linger in the ground may have special attachments, such as form tila, yo curves, cues and other features. The shape is roughened, slimy curvature or a smooth surface, in those who have a digestive apparatus, musculature is loose, changes in the appearance of shells (crit), changes in the absence of cleanliness (crunch system), food empty in which shelter is available, weathered with sour), straining m'yazy and kistki, how to stand up pressure, etc.

For small groups, microscopic or microscopic ones are characteristic, as well as being prone to life in plush water or in mid-season pores.

single-line organism soil adaptation

5. Representatives

Micro fauna to soil: 1-4 flagella; 5-8 - golі amoebi; 9-10 - amoebi shells; 11-13 - infusoria; 14-16 - round worms; 17-18 - rooters; 19-20 - tardigrades

Mesofauna of soils: 1 false corium; 2 - gam noviy kloche; 3-4 shells; 5 - pauroiod bagaton; 6 - chironomid mosquito larva; 7 - beetle z sem. Ptiliidae; 8-9 collemboli

Macro fauna of soils: 1 woodworm; 2 - woodlice; 3 - labiopoda bagatonica; 4 - two-legged bagatonіzhka; 5 - ground beetle larva; 6 - nutcracker larva; 7 - cabbage; 8 - grub

Megafauna of soil - tse great diggers, in the main from the number of workers. To spend a number of species in the ground all life (blind men, mole voles, tsokori, mole Eurasia, golden mole

Africa, the sum of the moles of Australia and in.). The stench is laid in the soil of the system of the movement and the number. The famous vigilance and anatomical features of the cich creatures transform their attachment to a creepy underground way of life.

The soil is a stable center of living, in yak temperature regime The disturbance will change smoothly. The soil is full of organisms, the number of which is majestic, cheeky authorities, Mechanical warehouse. Roslin, creatures, microorganisms, lingering in the ground, perebryuyut at the post-modality one by one and from the middle. That is, for organisms to achieve a slight change in knowledge of a friendly mind and living. The foldability of the soil middle ground leads to a great versatility of minds for the very young organisms. The soil is full of lively speeches, which are necessary for the development of roslin and tvarin. Vona is an indispensable creeper of land and water. Biological interconnection between soil and people will be the head of the rank by way of exchange of speech. The soil is like the leader of the mineral speeches, necessary for the cycle of exchange of speeches, for the growth of the dews, which are living by human and herbaceous creatures, and are brought into their own devil by human and meaty creatures. In such a rank, the soil will provide for the bagatyokh of the representatives of the rose and tartar light. Head function to the ground - the whole life on the Earth is safe. It’s not possible to lay aside in the soil itself to concentrate the necessary organisms of biogenic elements in accessible forms of chemical spolucs. In addition, the soil has the capacity to accumulate water and is necessary for the livelihood of the producers of biogeocenoses of water reserves, as well as in the available forms, which are equally insensitive to the water during the vegetation period. Nareshty, the soil serves as an optimal middle ground for the root of ground dewlines, the habitation of ground spineless and ridge creatures, versatile microorganisms. The function and design of the understanding of the "durability of soil".

all roses natural minds, Yake is living on the Earth, I call the middle of life. From the middle of the organisms, to find everything necessary for life and in it, to see the products of their own exchange of words. On our planet, living organisms have mastered the chotiri of the middle life: water, ground-based, soil and organic.

With such a rank, the freedom of minds of the dermal middle-class of life zoomed the freedom of living organisms, in power in the middle. In all organisms, in the process of evolution, specific, morphological, physiological, behavioral and dignified before living in their own middle became widespread. All the middle of life, without the need for the necessary minds to live in them by organisms, gradually become aware of the sutta of their changes from the life of their organisms.

Injection of the middle to the organisms, call to evaluate through the okremi factories. pid environmental factors be mindful of an element, or I will think of the middle, and react to such organisms with hasty reactions or adaptations. The skin from the middle of the day is developed by the peculiarities of the ecological factors. All environmental factors are divided into three groups - abiotic, biological and anthropogenic. abiotic officials- components of inanimate nature. Before them, there are: climatic (light, temperature, vologism, wind, vice and in.), Geological (earthworms, volcanoes, floccus, radioactive soil and soil structure), economic structure (water, leakage, salinity, vice) and інші. biotic factors- factories of wildlife. The fallow leaves the biological factor injected into the organism and into phytogenic (injected roslin), zoogenic (tvarin), microbogenic (microorganisms), microgenic (fungi). The infusion of biological factors in the wiklica of a number of adaptive reactions from the side of the roselin and tvarin. anthropogenic officials- the factor of human performance. Lyudina viklikak seryoznі zmіni in biogeocenoses. With a lot of snakes, vyrobleny їm, for some species, they are friendly and develop, and for others, they are unfriendly. As a result, there are new numbers of different types of blueberries, there is a lot of food for lantsyugi, there is an attachment that is necessary for the development of organisms in a changing environment.

Table 9.1

A quantitative characteristic of the midst of life and adaptation of living organisms to them

Ecological factors can put pressure on organism directly and indirectly, positively and negatively; The stench may grow small in the hour and in the open space. Some of them are quite persistent (sleepy radioactivity, salinity of the ocean), and even more minor (temperature and weather). Changes in the factors of the middle can be periodic and non-periodic. Ekologіchnі factorization roblyat on zhivі organіzmi rіznomanіtnі vplivi: obmezhuє (unemozhlivlyuyut іsnuvannya in danih Minds) podraznyuyuchu (viklikayut bіohіmіchnі i fіzіologіchnі adaptatsії) modifіkuyuchu (viklikayut morfologіchnі th anatomіchnі zmіni organіzmіv), signal (іnformuyut about zmіni іnshih faktorіv seredovischa). The skin ecologic factor is characterized by singular multidimensional indicators (strength and range of diy). The range of magnitudes begins as a variety of factors (amplitude) in the factor, specific for the skin organism. To that, the factor can be used as a cordon, so that it is possible to include a factor, and a kintsev, "upper" between the factors. A friendly force is called the optimal zone for an ecologic official or an optimum. Gnituche diyu (maximum or minimum) is called the zone of pessimum. Ecological factors make the day not one at a time, but a whole complex. With the whole action of one be-a factor, it is necessary to accumulate all of the family. It is necessary to take into account the fact that the factors are the most powerful in the phase of development of organisms, as may be the least ecological valence - the minimum health before being present.

Moscow Aviation Institute

(State Technical University)

essay

"Life on the planet Earth"

viconave:

Mokhova Diana 06-124

Naukovy Kerіvnik:

Olga Molodova

Moscow 2010

PLAN.

1. Ecology is like a science.

2. Living Center Factors.

3. Vodne midstovische life.

4. Terrestrial midst of life.

5. The soil is yak midst of life.

6. Organism is the center of living.

7. Visnovok.

1.Ecology-yak science.

The word "ecology" is adopted in the Greek "oikos", which means boudinok (zhitlo, missozhivannya, pritulok), and "logos" - science. In the Danish hour, the glorious vvazayut, scho ecology

–
tse science, as vivchaє vіdnosini living organіzmіv mіzh itself navkolishnіm middle For science, how can you think of living organisms, interconnecting with the middle, they live in such a stench. cikavikh vidomosty about the ecologic misleading times have deprived us of the ancient Egyptians, Indian, Tibetan and ancient sources. Among the ancestors of the ancient world - Heraclitus (530 - 470 BC), Hippocrates (bl. 460 - bl. 370 BC), Aristotle (384 -322 BC) and others - boules of corruption Ecological factors. The aristotel in his "History of Tvarin" described over 500 types of their own men, reports about their behavior. In 1749, the Swedish naturalist Karl Linney published a dissertation on the nature of "Economics." Have a look at each other's living organisms and at the same time at the life of the minds of the new middle class. The merit of Linney is, first of all, in the fact that he was the first to use the binar (subline) nomenclature for the first time, meaning that for the skin type of roslin, the creature of microorganisms is subordinate to the Latin name: first meant the name of the species of the genus. Great infused into the formulation of ecological glances and the capital work of Jean Batist Lamarck "Philosophy of Zoology" (1809), Lamarck, Haeckel, Aristotle, they ordered and formulated knowledge, which they called science "ecology".

2.Living center factors.

All the minds of living that inanimate nature, as you feel the organism, and directly or bit by bit pour on your body, development, vision, multiplication, enter into the understanding of the middle life of organism

The navkolishn middle-class is the price of food and water, food for food, climatic officials, substrate, soil, growing and healthy organisms and everything else, without which it is impossible to develop a given organism.

Oreme elements of the middle course, which are going on organism, are called ecological factors. We develop two groups of factors, both abiotic and biological, to be officials of inanimate and animate nature.

Abiotic factors are the power of inanimate nature, which is directly infused into living organisms.

Biotic factors - all forms in the flow of living organisms one by one.

The great value of the middle of the abiotic (physical) factors of the middle is introduced to the climate. Climate of visibility is a great number of indicators, for which there are some: light, temperature and vology. In addition, in the midst of living organisms, in the midst of acidity and salinity of the medium of living, due to the influx of old people and water leaks, because of the sourness in the middle and in the middle.

In its own circle the life of organisms is poured into the physical center. The organization gradually changes the physical and chemical nature of the speech, which is released in the middle of the new day and dzherela energy. So, warehouse sea ​​water and bottom mules in the meaning of the world begin to be active in marine organisms.

Organizmi to control the atmosphere warehouse. It is very much infused with organisms and on the power of the soil. The root of the roslin penetrates into the troughs, and the smallest of them take in the breed. Bacteria and fungi will accelerate the growth of girly breeds. Mushrooms see acids, so they delineate mineral speech, as they are able to move from the breed, weakly crystalline structure and quickening. The creatures also take part in the process of soil-satisfaction, digging nori in the ground and walking, sucking in, and also bringing their extras into it.

In such a rank, it is clear, that the production of organisms and their center of living is developed as a single purpose.

Alive organisms settle one by one not vipadkovo, but set up singing alcoholism, immobilized to the spilny hesitation.

3. The water center of life.

First for everything, the majority of organisms are not built up to active life without a proper lead into the organism, or, take it, without saving the singing spirit of the origin of the whole organism. The inner middle of the organism, in which the basic physiological processes take place, obviously, as and earlier, the rice of that middle, in which the evolution of the first organisms was introduced. So, instead of salts in the blood of people (pidtrimuvane on an admittedly steel ryvn), it is close to that in oceanic waters. The power of the aquatic oceanic middle-class is rich in what has given rise to the chemical-physical evolution of all forms of life.

Mabut, the main distinctive feature of the water center is conservative. For example, the amplitude of seasonal or additional temperatures near the water center is lower than in the ground-based food. Bottom topography, minds on the mountain slopes, the presence of coral reefs and іn. increase the versatility of minds in the aquatic environment.

Features of the water center є past physical and chemical authorities drive. So great ecology May the air flow and viscosity of the water. Water organisms (especially, actively collapse) stick to the great power of hydrodynamic support. The evolution of the bagatech groups of water creatures for a reason has gone directly into the form of form and type of ruch, so to lower the forehead support. So, the usual form of tila is developed by representatives small groups organisms that lurk near the water - dolphins (ssavts), bony and cartilaginous ribs.

The high power of water is also the reason why mechanical communication (vibrations) is good to expand at the water center. It is of little importance in the evolution of the bodies of the senses, organization in the open space and in the commune with water slugs.

At the link with the high spacing of the water middle - the baggy of the loosening of the binding link with the substrate, the yaka is characteristic of terrestrial forms and is tied with the forces of gravitation. Tom є whole group water organisms (like roslin, so і tvarin), you can run without binding behind the bottom or with a substrate, & qu

Ot; widening "at the vodnіy tovschі.

4. Ground-based living center.

The terrestrial midwives are characterized by a greater growth of minds, environmental conditions and populate their organisms. It is essential that the organisms play a first-class role in the formulated minds of the earthly-food center of life, and the first for everything - gas warehouse atmosphere. Practically all of the atmosphere of the earth's atmosphere is biogenic.

The main features of the terrestrial-food middle are the great amplitude of the change in ecological factors, the heterogeneity of the middle, the forces of the earthly burden, the low strength of the food. A complex of physical, geographical and climatic factors, power natural zone, To lead to the evolutionary formation of morphophysiological adaptations of organisms to life in the minds of the mind, development of forms of life.

The atmosphere turns out to be low and minuscule. The furnishings were abundant in what intervened the possibilities of mastering the ground-based food center, and also guided the evolution of the water-salt exchange and the structure of the organisms.

The fauna of the backbone creatures is rich and versatile, so that in general it will tell you about the friendly and living conditions.

All foxes will be involved in two groups: foxes in a green zone, near places, villages, etc. and fencing of smog from the largest rivers and lakes.

Ecological factors in the terrestrial-food environment are seen from the middle centers of the geographic provisions, In the winter season in the rock and in the hour dob.

5. The soil is yak midst of life.

The soil is the result of the activity of living organisms. Inhabited by the ground-dwellers, the middle ground with organisms was brought to the ground as a unique middle ground. The soil is a collapsible system, which includes a solid phase (minerals), a rare phase (groundwater) and a gas-like phase. Spіvvіdnoshennya tsikh three phases and viznacha singularity ґruntu yak the middle of life.

An important feature of the runtu є also the appearance of a singing number organic speech... Vono assert itself in the result of the removal of organisms and to enter the storehouse of ekskretov (vision).

The mind of the soil center of living is based on the power of the soil such as aeration (that is, the prevalence of people), vologism (the presence of a doctor), warmth and thermal regime (pre-season, seasonal, varied temperatures). Thermal regime, in some cases with a ground-based middling environment, more conservative, especially on great glybin... In general, the soil is growing to be fed up with the sharp minds of life.

Vertical features are characteristic of the ground, for example, the penetration of light, naturally, to deposit in the form of glibini.

A lot of authors mean the area of ​​the position of the soil center of life between the water and terrestrial middles. Organisms can live near the ground, as well as water, so by different type dikhannya. Microorganisms are created on all the soil, and the growths (in the first place, the root systems) are tied to the outer horizons.

For soil organisms, there are characteristic specific organisms and types of ruku (the picture is taken by the workers; the condition is before the change in production; the manifestation of special head capsules in children); form tila (round, volkovate, wormlike); mіtsnі and nnuchі pokrivi; reduction of eyes and knowledge of pigments. mid soil bags saprophages are widely spread - the death of corpses, rotting creatures, etc.

There are three stages of decay and growth, the whole runt fauna was grouped in the onset of three ecological groups:

Microbiota are organisms that live in the pores of the soil, filled with water - micro-reservoirs. They can be visihati, and with the renewal of sufficient vologosti they come to life again. Add detritus to the soil.

Mesobiota - sukupnіst of deranged, lumpy comas, scho gnawing with detritus. To corrode with natural emptyings in the ground, you do not need to walk on your own. If the volume is low, go to coal.

Macrobiotyp, or macrobiota, are great creatures, who can walk at their own pace. Handle boards of worms.

6.Organizm yak the center of living.

Between organisms, there are not only trophies, but only topical sounds. The result of їх establishment by one organism of singing ecological minds for іnshiy. For example, on a sloping forest, a new microclimate is formed, friendly for the life of the bagatokh creatures and microorganisms.

For creatures and roslin, who settle on something in the middle of the body, the last thing and a moment of life. Together they are called symbiosis (symbiosis - living life).

7. Conclusion.

Do not be astonished at those who, in the 21st century, are growing rapidly, opening up to new technologies, nature, and, in the future, living organisms will not be safe.

Ecology, it’s a pity to go to waste. There are no factories, factories, industrial virobnitstv, without filters, they wick into the atmosphere and the biosphere a colossal number of large parts and reagents.

Our planet is under threat. There is no lack of lisiv, the discharge of canalized waters near the waters, a change in the supply of clear water, an increase (decrease) in the sea and oceans ... The whole list can be continued indefinitely.

It is important for organisms to become accustomed to post-changes in temperature, vologosti, klimata, relfu. Know a lot of species, the frequency of mutations has changed.

We are guilty of dbati about our planet and about її bagkansіv.

List of vikoristanoi literature.

Afanasyev V.G. The light of the living. Systemism, evolution and management. - M: Ed. policy. l-ri, 1986.

Gorishina T.K. L., 1979.

Naumov N.P. Ecology of food. M., 1963.

Ricklefs R. Basics home ecology... M., 1979.

Denmark is a video lesson of meanings for self-awareness on the topic "The middle of life on Earth and ecological factors pouring on organizmi ". See the understanding of the biosphere, learn about ecology. The teacher informs about those, as ecological factors pour on organisms into middle-class life on Earth.

BIOLOGIYA

9 CLASS

Theme : basics of ecology

Lesson 54. Life on Earth and ecological factors flowing into organisms

Anisimov Oleksiy Stanislavovich,

teacher of biology and chemistry,

Moscow, 2012

The presenters create living things in the extreme missions themselves. So, in Sahara, the fennec fox is alive. Behind the help of their majestic vuh won, it is wonderful to sense the ruff of other lizards and to be relieved from excess heat. Calling close to the surface of the shkiri and vuh, permeated with a thick hedge of other blood-bearing vessels, and the cold weather of your shelter. Інші vidi - ribi, amphibia, reptilian - stiyki before freezing. The third, zokrema, deyaki vidi ribs and shrimps, vitrize a vice in tons of tons on kilometer depths Marian trap... At the same time, far from everything that we can learn about the extreme middle of the life of organisms - until the present hour, less than 5% of the planet's bioavailability has been grown. Perhaps, you yourself will need to see new ones.

biosphere- the whole expanse of our planet, which is populated by living organisms (ustas).

The space is not uniform, and alive and well in the water, high in every day, in the ground, etc.

For the skin organism is characterized by its own center of living - all the common understanding ecology... By the way, I have a word to live with, since it’s about unfriendly minds of the middle class (it seems like “ecology is rotten here”). But for the sake of ecology, there can be no trash, no good, for that it’s science. Vona vivchaє those who have lost the living organism. The word “ecology” means literally “science about booths” in walnuts.

Apparently, for the skin of the living organism of the buckets - tsevichna natural middle ground... Such middle ground of all chotiri: water, ground-based, soil and organic. To be alive and well, it can also be the centerpiece of life for bagatech organisms.

The skin is tightly tied with its center of living, it is infused into the center of the middle, and, apparently, the middle is infused into the body. All those of the middle class, infused with those who are aware of organisms, are called ecological factors. It is possible to evaluate and change.

Ecological factors are divided into 3 groups:

1. Abiotic factors

Abiotic factors are not tied together with the inflow of other living things, but they are called: "a" - "zaprechennya", "bios" - "alive"; tobto injecting inanimate nature (http: // spb.ria.ru / Infographics / 20120319 / 497280871.html):

2. Biotic factors

3. Anthropogenic factor

The price has been infused with people at all possible events. V happy holiday practically all nature is alive seen a strong infusion of human performance.

With a great deal of human power, it is often natural to overturn the flow of nature.

The heart of the life of a specific organism is the form of the essence of ecological factors.

in the middle

Mind your life in the fresh waters of life, so you put your own video beats on the water bags, so that there are gidrobies.

Mind your life in the middle of the world by starting with the physical and chemical powers of the leader:

The temperature range near the water center is not great, but in a child's family, the life of the bag is lodged.

Terrestrial midst

Nice for life: the middle of the midst of contrasts, high temperature drops (http: // spb.Ria.Ru / Infographics / 20120413 / 497563549.html), winter weather minds, Inconsiderable problem in theology and light. Seeing a great bit of goodness. To that, which inhabits the terrestrial-dwellers of the middle, are called aerobiontams.

The ground-dwellers in the middle of the world for their physical and chemical minds get involved in most of the world's organisms. Uninvolved on the tse, life on land has reached the end viskogo rivnya- both for the foreign mass of organisms, and for their flexibility.

Ґroot center

Ґruntova pyatnitsya is a fluffy surface sphere of the lithosphere, the reorganization of the dialect of living things and climatic factors.

tse especially the middle living, permeated with pores, like revenge on the doctor and on the day. She is constantly looking at the dead bodies of other and great creatures, as well as all the visions of living organisms. All tse є bagatim dzherelom for primal organisms. Tom Ґroot center inhabited by without species of bacteria, fungi, algae and creatures. Vona is laced with roslin roots (http: // www. Bbc. Co. Uk / russian / liveplanet / habitat / 2011/03 / 110308_v_stunning_seasonal_forest. Shtml). The soil is filled with water vapor, so that the soil will not block the dirt. With the glybin, the temperature range changes: the flow in the ground is colder, and the charge is warmer, lower on the surface. Meshkants in the ground are also called edaphobiontamі, or geobіontamі (from the Greek "Edaphos" - "soil" or "geo" - earth).

organismic medium

One of the leading bureaucrats in the life of water is a low vmist sourness. In 1 liter of water, there is no more than 10 ml, which is 21 times less than in the second half.

in 1 liter of water, not more than 10 ml sour

Because of the temperature adjustments, the water rises and falls, so near the waters they are called so called zamori - we can get rid of the ribs or the backbone scent. Through the strong water scrubbing of the sleepy exchanges, the photosynthesis of the roses can be seen only in the upper balls. To navigate in the purest waters itself, you will not live more than 150-200 m, as creatures linger on the greatest depths.

Perevagi of the ground-food center

I’m very low in power and disgustingly.

To that, the ground-dwellers of the middle have mastered only those groups of organisms, as the virobili are good at the cyst support, tobto vischi roslini, Ridge, komakhi. Then the middle course will grow into a high sourness and sleepy light, which gives all the possibilities for an intensive exchange of words.

see symbionts

Symbiose - to reach a wide understanding, which means spіvzhittya new species... Vono can be both vivid and vivid only for one of the participants in the interaction.

Mutualism is the process of communicating organisms in different species. Typical butt: interconnection of mycelium and root systems of pine trees. The fungus will take away organic products from the tree, and the ability to help the tree to grow the elements from the soil, as without the help of the mushroom, the roslin will not grow into the snake.

Іnshy butt: intestinal bacteria, such as vikoristovuyut lively speech of the intestine, natomist significantly lightened the etching process.

Commensalism is the development of organisms in different species, in which case one organism will reject the cinnamon, which does not bring any substitute for the other. For example, deyakі vidi ribs hovayutsya from hijakіv mіzh tentacles of bran jellyfish. In roslin - young dewline of the same species, for example, pine vikoristy tin from the growth of dewline in the first form for development, so as young pines can not grow without shading.

1. How can you name the center of living of living organisms?

2. To see the main ecological factors for small organisms.

3. Why should the ground-dwellers get involved in the best for life?

4. What kind of symbiosis? Do you want to keep alive organisms є to be with them?

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