Ґruntova center of living of roslin. Characteristics of the soil center

The soil is a fluffy thin surface sphere of land, which is in contact with the twisting middle. Unimportant to insignificant things, the whole shell of the Earth will play a role in extended life. The soil is not just solid, as much of the lithosphere, but a folding triphase system, in which solid particles are soaked in water. Vona is permeated with empties, filling up the confusion of gases and water breaks, and in addition, in them there is a highly intelligent mind, friendly for the life of small micro- and macroorganisms (Fig. 49). At the ground, there is a smoothed temperature range in the ground with a ground ball of twilight, and the appearance of ground waters and penetration of fallen fall off the reserves of the vologue and preserve the regime of air, between the middle of the water and the ground. At the ground, reserves of organic and mineral waters are concentrated, which are supplied to the world and the corpses of creatures. All the reasons for the great abundance of soil to life.

Near the soil, the root layers of the system of ground dewlines (Fig. 50).

Small. 49. Underground walk of Brandt's water: A - view from above; B - side view

Small. 50. Growing roots in the steppe black earth soil (after M.S.Shalit, 1950)

In the middle, on 1 m 2 of a ground ball, 100 billion cells of the simplest, a few of the rooters and tardigrades, tens of millions of nematodes, dozens and hundreds of thousands of nematodes, dozens and hundreds of thousands of nematodes, thousands of thousands of arthropods, tens of thousands of young іnshikh spineless. In addition, 1 cm 2 of soil can accommodate dozens and hundreds of millions of bacteria, microscopic fungi, actinomycetes and other microorganisms. In the illuminated superficial balls in the skin gram, hundreds of thousands of photosynthesizing greens, red-greens, diatom and blue-green algae are poured. Living organisms of the floor are characteristic of the soil, as well as non-living components. Tom V. I. Vernadsky brought the soil to the biodiversity of nature, the abundance of life and unreasonable connections with it.

The heterogeneity of minds in the ground most often manifests itself in a vertical direction. A number of the most important ecological bureaucrats are changing rapidly and pouring into the soil of the soil. The first step is to be applied to the structure of the soil. They see three main horizons, which develop beyond morphological and cheeky authorities: 1) the upper humus-accumulative horizon A, which accumulates and transforms into an organic speech, and from which through the rushing waters part of the land is to be vinified down; 2) the horizon is immersed, or illuvial B, de sediment and re-vimit at the top of the speech, і 3) the parent rock, which is the horizon C, the material which transforms into the ground.

At the boundaries of the skin horizon, more shot balls are seen, and they also grow strongly behind the authorities. For example, in the zone of a climate with conifers or withering forests, the horizon A store from bedding (A 0)- a ball of fluffy purchases of roslinnyh surplus, Dark humus ball (A 1), in what a particle of organic walking is mixed with mineral, and pidzolic ball (A 2)- it is white-gray behind the color, in which it is mixed with half-silica, and all the varieties are mixed into the depth of the soil profile. Both the structure, and the chemistry of the balls, are even deeper, and the root of the grows and the baggy soil, which are changed by a few centimeters up the hill or down, are poured into the mind.

Razmіri empty mіzh particles of soil, adjoining for living in them creatures, zvychay quickly change with glybin. For example, in meadow soils, the middle diameter of the empty space on a depth of 0-1 cm becomes 3 mm, 1-2 cm - 2 mm, and on a depth of 2-3 cm - only 1 mm; more soil than porous more. The strength of the soil also changes with the clay. Naybilsh rikhli shari, to avenge organic speech. The porosity of the cich balls is due to the fact that organic words are glued together in large aggregates, which are empty and empty. The most powerful glimpse of the illuvial horizon V, cementing with coloidal particles.

Vologa in the soil is present in the rural mills: 1) it is tied (hygroscopic and plivkova) to be mitigated by the surface of the soil particles; 2) capital loan for any period of time and can be oversubscribed on them in in different directions; 3) gravitational storage of more empty pieces and more often to seep down under the influx of force; 4) steam like to take place in the ground surface.

Vm_st vodi is not the same in different soils and in early hour... As long as it is a lot of gravitational studies, then the soil regime is close to the water regime. In dry soil, water is clinging to the ground and it comes close to the ground. However, to navigate in the most dry soils, even more than on the ground, the sandy soil is much less potent than the threat of hanging, lower on the surface.

Warehouse of the runtovy povіtrya minliviy. With glybin in new, it is strongly falling instead of sourness and growth of concentration in carbon dioxide... The connection with the presence in the ground is laid out organic speeches in the ground surface there may be a concentration of such toxic gases as amiak, sirvoden, methane and in. In case of flooded soil or intensive gnitty of tall surplus, there may be a slight increase in water loss.

Collecting the temperature rise only on the surface of the soil. Here the stench can be stronger, but not in the near-earth globe. However, with a skin centimeter in the future, the seasonally temperature changes will melt less and less, and at a depth of 1-1.5 m, it is practically impossible to quilt (Fig. 51).

Small. 51. Changes in the temperature of runtu with glybin (after K. Shmidt-Nilson, 1972). The shaded part is the range of temperature

All the specialties must be produced before they are unaffected by the great heterogeneity of ecological minds in the ground, it’s easy to reach a stable middle ground, especially for lumpy organisms. A steep gradient of temperatures and airiness in the soil profile allows the soil creatures to make minor changes in order to protect their specific ecological situation.

Africa is unique for its Kazkian rich nature. We will go to that country, for example, to China. Stovburyshchinoy up to 10 m baobab reserves water (up to 120 tons). Lilya Vіktorіya The region of the greatest with all the watery lilies. The most famous creatures of Antarctica are pingvini. Australia is the only country in the world, which occupies the territory of the whole continent. The great panda lives only in China.

"Vsesvit 5th class natural science" - Vsesvit. Diversity of galaxies. ". Galaxy (from the walnut word "galacticos" - milky, milky.). For the price of light, you will need 10 trillion kilometers. Galaxy 205. Dwarf galaxy. The speed of our Galaxy is 1 million 500 thousand. Km for a year. Uvaga, on the horizon of the "Buran" ship, there is a "chudovisko tail". Galaxy Bears. one turn sleep system near the Galaxy - 200 million rockiv. Spiral galaxy M51. The commanders of the ships are obliged to go to spaceі put down breakdowns. Suzir'ya.

"Girski breed from natural science" - Systematization of the concept of vidomosti. Yak klasifіkuut gіrskі breed? Girski breed, Minerali, Korisny kopalini. Magmatic. Jasper. Grant. Clay. Solid and fluffy. Piskovik. Viznachennya girskikh breeds. What do they call minerals? Marmur. Girski breed. Gneiss. Natural science, class 5. Vapnyak. What do they call cinnamon copalins? Metamorphic.

"Three Mystsya іsnuvannya Natural Science" - Characteristics of the water center of living. Characteristics of the ground-based food center. Ground-povitryana; povitryana; Ґruntova. Factories of wildlife; factories inanimate nature; Injected people. Meta lesson: ecological factors... Misciya іsnuvannya. Meshkants_ of water center. bags soil center... Mole, blind man, Zemleriyka, Bacteria, Worms, Komakhi.

"Budova organizmiv 5th class" - 5th class. Epithelialny. Good luck. Leaf sprіz. Bacteria, fungi, simple organisms are introduced to single organisms. One-cell organisms only have one cell. People. Bagatoklіtinnі organіzmi. Riznomanittya living organisms. Fabrics is a group of clitins, which are dedicated to budget and vikonuvanny functions. Budova organizmiv. Natural science lesson. Before complex organisms roslini, creatures, mushrooms. Curve and conduct. Virusi.

"Roslini z nasinnya" - Delicious! Rozsmyalasya Tetyana Grigorivna. Robot's plan: Chomus saw usinnya. Tomati. Lie at the comoria. What is it for? Beautiful! In the little hatchin's bedroom Little child is sleeping. We put the eyebrush and tomatoes into the ground. The project of the natural science of scientists of the 5th grade. 2. We will be keeping an eye on the development of roslin from today.

Africa is unique for its Kazkian rich nature. We will go to that country, for example, to China. Stovburyshchinoy up to 10 m baobab reserves water (up to 120 tons). Lilya Vіktorіya The region of the greatest with all the watery lilies. The most famous creatures of Antarctica are pingvini. Australia is the only country in the world, which occupies the territory of the whole continent. The great panda lives only in China.

"Vsesvit 5th class natural science"- Vsesvit. Diversity of galaxies. ". Galaxy (from the walnut word "galacticos" - milky, milky.). For the price of light, you will need 10 trillion kilometers. Galaxy 205. Dwarf galaxy. The speed of our Galaxy is 1 million 500 thousand. Km for a year. Uvaga, on the horizon of the "Buran" ship there is a "chudovisko tail". Galaxy Bears. One revolution of the Sonyachnoy system near the Galaxy is 200 million rubles. Spiral galaxy M51. The commanders of the ships are guilty of going into space and suffer breakdowns. Suzir'ya.

"Girski breed from natural science"- Systematization of the visualization of the types. Yak klasifіkuut gіrskі breed? Girski breeds, minerals, brown copalini. Magmatic. Jasper. Grant. Clay. Solid and fluffy. Piskovik. Viznachennya girskikh breeds. What do they call minerals? Marmur. Girski breed. Gneiss. Natural science, class 5. Vapnyak. What do they call cinnamon copalins? Metamorphic.

"Three days of natural science"- Characteristics of the aquatic center of living. Characteristics of the ground-based midst. Terrestrial-povitryana; povitryana; Ґruntova. Factories of wildlife; Factors of inanimate nature; Injected people. Meta lesson: Ecological factors. Misciya іsnuvannya. Meshkants_ of water center. Meshkants_ of soil center. Mole, blind man, Zemleriyka, Bacteria, Worms, Komakhi.

"Budova organizmiv 5th class"- 5 class. Epithelialny. Good luck. Spread of the leaf. Bacteria, fungi, simple organisms are introduced to single organisms. One-cell organisms only have one cell. People. Bagatoklіtinnі organіzmi. Development of living organisms. Fabrics is a group of clitins, which are dedicated to budget and vikonuvanny functions. Budova organizmiv. Natural science lesson. Roslin, creatures, fungi are introduced to the most abundant organisms. Curve and conduct. Virusi.

"Roslini z nasinnya"- Delicious! Rozsmyalasya Tetyana Grigorivna. Robot's plan: Chomus saw usinnya. Tomati. Lie at the comoria. What is it for? Beautiful! In the little hatchin's bedroom Little child is sleeping. We put the eyebrush and tomatoes into the ground. The project of the natural science of scientists of the 5th grade. 2. We will be keeping an eye on the development of roslin from today.