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Map of the lithosphere. The lithosphere and the earth's crust

Warehouse with no balls, piled up one on one. However, we see more crust and the lithosphere. It’s not a miracle - it’s not just alive on them, but it’s scooped from glybin more that are available to us natural resources... A little bit of the upper shell of the Earth is saving millions of rockets in the history of our planet and all the Sleeping System.

Tsi two disciples so often study in presi and literature, that the ever-growing vocabulary of the happy people has disappeared. The offense of the word vikoristoyutsya for the meaningful surface of the Earth or the planet is against the understanding and development, which is based on two principles of approaches: chemistry and mechanical.

The cheeky aspect - the earth's crust

How to distribute the Earth on balls, cherishing the views in chemistry warehouse, The upper sphere of the planet will be the earth's crust. The shell is obviously thin, but it ends at depths from 5 to 130 kilometers in front of the sea - the oceanic crust is thinner, and continental, in the regions of the mountains, for everything. If you want 75% of the measles mass to be brought only to silica and muslin (unclean, tied in warehouses of small words), you will be recognized as the most cheeky in the middle of all verses of the Earth.

Gra role and wealth of minerals - rіznіkh speeches and the summaries that have gone beyond the millions of rock in the history of the planet. The earth's crust is not just "old" minerals, such as geological processes, ale and massive organic decline, on the basis of oil and water, as well as planetary, included.

Physical aspect - lithosphere

Coiled on Physical characteristics The earth, such as hardness or springiness, we can see clearly in the picture - the interior of the planet will be in the lithosphere (from in. Gretsky lithos, "skeletal, hard" and "sphaira" sphere). There is a lot of earth measles: the lithosphere can stretch up to 280 kilometers in the air and flood the upper solid part of the mantle!

The characteristics of the whole shell are more likely to be named - the whole single, crim of the inner core, the hard sphere of the Earth. Mintness, however, is common - the lithosphere of the Earth is one of the most crumbling in sleepy system, Through scho the planet has changed more than once zovnishniy viglyad... Ale for a significant squeeze, a change in the other elastic changes required a thousand rock, or even more.


  • Tsikaviy fact - the planet may not have a mother's surface crust. So, the surface is a whole hardened mantle; The planet lost its crust to Sonts a long time ago as a result of numerical zitknen.

Underwater pods, the earth's crust is the upper, chemically versatile part of the lithosphere, the hard shell of the Earth. A chunk of stink was practically the same warehouse. If only the lower asthenosphere and high temperatures poured into the mountain, the hydrosphere, atmosphere, meteorites and living organisms actively took part in the form of minerals on the surface.

plate lithosphere

One more rice, as the Earth from the other planets - the great versatility on these different types of landscapes. Evidently, water played its vital role, forgive me a lot of things. Aleksei to navin the basic forms of the planetary landscape of our planet is seen from the current Misyatsya. The sea and the fire of our companion - the whole of the excavation of the meteorite bombardment. And on the Earth, the stench was established as a result of hundreds and thousands of millions of rock in the fall of the lithospheric plates.


About the slabs, there are also melodiously chuli - the majestic style fragments of the lithosphere, which drift along the plinnoy asthenosphere, the dumb ice on the river. However, between the lithosphere and ice, there are two main indications:

  • Diri between the slabs are not large, and it is quick to drag out the melted speech from them, and the slabs themselves do not run out of the way.
  • On the way out of the water, in the mantle of the day out, it could always be stretched out, as it could have set the end of the continent.

So, by the crushing force of the drift of the lithospheric plates є the convection of the asthenosphere, the main part of the mantle - more hot streams from the earth's core go to the surface, if the cold ones go back down. I will look at those continents that grow in size, and the relief of the lower side and mirror-image of the irregularities of the upper, the stench collapses also nervously and not permanently.


Head plates

Over the millions of rock in the ruins of the lithospheric plates, the stench was repeatedly angry in the supercontinent, for which it was distributed again. In the nearest future, after 200-300 million rockets, it may be clear that the supercontinent is established under the name of Pangea Ultima. It is recommended to watch the video in the statistics - there it is clearly shown how the plates of the lithosphere were played for the rest of the hundreds of millions of rock. In addition, the strength and activity of the continent is due to the internal heating of the Earth - the more the planet is expanding, the more the planet is expanding, and the more and more the lithosphere is collapsing. However, with the ear of the history of the Earth and the temperature and radius gradually decrease.

  • It’s a fact that plate drift and geological activity are not necessarily responsible for the internal self-heating of the planet. For example, Jupiter's companion, there are no active volcanoes. Ale energy is not the core of the companion, but gravitationally not rubbing with, through which nadra Io it is developed.

Between the lithospheric plates to sink into the depths - one part of the lithosphere sinks under the water, and the deyaki, like the Pacific plate, is frozen under the water. Today's geologists pick up 8 main slabs, which cover 90 parts of the entire area of ​​the Earth:

  • Australian
  • antarctic
  • Afrikanska
  • Євrazіyska
  • Indostanska
  • Pacific
  • Pivnichno-American
  • Pivdenno-American


Such was the case recently - so, the Eurasian slab more than 350 million years ago was laid out from the surrounding parts, before the hour of the evil that the Ural mountains, one of those found on Earth, were set up. Until the end of the day, we will continue until the end of the breakdown and the bottom of the oceans, until the new plates and clarify the old people.

geological activity

plate lithosphere to collapse more often - the stench napovzayut one of one with a width of 1-6 cm / rik, and extend by a maximum of 10-18 cm / rik. Alle the same interaction between the continents, the geological activity of the Earth, is seen on the surface - the rise of volcanoes, earthquakes and the establishment of girders are likely to appear in the contact zones of the lithospheric plates.

However, vinyats are the so-called hot spots, which can be found in the glybin of the lithospheric plates. They melted the streams of the speech of the asthenosphere rush upward, melting the lithosphere, and lead to increased volcanic activity and regular earthquakes. Most often it is necessary to go to a quiet place, de one plate of the lithosphere is on top of the bottom - the lower one, a part of the plate is squeezed into the mantle of the Earth, pushing the grip of magmi onto the upper plate. However, all at once they winked up to the current version, when the parts of the lithosphere were "drowned", they melt, pushing the grip in the depths of the mantle and flaring up the upper streams themselves. So it is possible to explain the anomalous visibility of some hot points from tectonic breaks.


  • It's a tricky fact - in hot spots often shields of volcanoes appear, characterized by their gentle shape. Smells wikidayut richly developed, growing for a rakhunok flowing lava. This is also the typical format of planetary volcanoes. Who found them on Mars, herself temple point the planet - the height of its reach is 27 kilometers!

Oceanic and continental crust of the Earth

The interaction of plates can also be produced to form two different types earth measles - oceanic and continental. Fragments in the oceans, as a rule, are found in the sticks of the old lithospheric plates, their bark is constantly changing - breaking or clinging to the plates. At the point of breaking out of the winery, there is a free contact with the mantle, the signs of magma are baked. Lying under the flowing water, there is a thin ball of basalts - the main volcanic rock. In such a rank, the oceanic crust will increase once every 100 million rocky - the oldest dilyanki, which are located in the Pacific Ocean, reach a maximum of 156-160 million rocky.

Important! Oceanic crust is not all that earthly crust, which is found under the water, but deprives the young of the dilyanka on the stick of the continents. Part of the continental measles is found under the water, in the zone of stable lithospheric plates.


Basic principles of the theory of tectonics of lithospheric plates :

plate tectonics(Plate tectonics) - a bitter geological theory about the collapse of the lithosphere. According to the theory, the basis of global tectonic processes is the horizontal displacement of common blocks of the lithosphere - lithospheric plates. In such a rank, the tectonics of plates is a view of the rud and the interconnection of the lithospheric plates. The first idea about the horizontal rus of measles blocks was brought up by Alfred Wegener in the 1920s within the framework of the hypothesis of “drift of continents”, albeit in the midst of a problem. Only in the 1960s the rock bottom of the oceans gave unprecedented proof of horizontal plates and the processes of expanding the oceans for the formation (spreading) of ocean measles. Reviving ideas about changing the role horizontal rolls developed within the framework of the "mobile" directly, the development of what and happy theory plate tectonics. The basic position of plate tectonics was formed in 1967-68 by a group of American geophysicists - W. J. Morgan, K. Le Pichon, J. Oliver, J. Isaacs, L. Sykes in the development of the great early (1961-62) ideas of G. American vcheny and R. Digts about the expansion (spreading) of the ocean bed.

The main position of the plate tectonics can be brought up to the main decal:

1). The upper Kamyan part of the planet is divided into two shells, but it is rapidly growing according to the rheological powers: the rough and the tended lithosphere and the underlying plastic and crumbling asthenosphere.
The bottom of the lithosphere is an isotherm of approximately 1300 ° C, when the melting temperature (solidus) of the mantle material is influenced by the lytostatic grip, which is present on the slopes of the first hundreds of kilometers. Breed, how to lie in the Earth above the whole isotherm, finish cold and move like hard material, at that hour like the underlying breeds of the same warehouse to finish heating and often easily deform.

2 ). The lithosphere is broken up along the plate, gradually collapsing along the surface of the plastic asthenosphere. The lithosphere extends into 8 great plates, dozens of middle plates and without others. Between the great and middle slabs, the belts are folded, fold the mosaic of other cow slabs.
Between plates є areas of seismic, tectonic and magmatic activity; the inner regions of the plates are weakly seismic and are characterized by a weak manifestation of endogenous processes.
More than 90% of the Earth's surface falls on 8 great lithospheric plates:
Australian plate,
Antarctic plate,
African plate,
Eurasian plate,
Indostanska stove,
Pacific plate,
Pivnichno-American stove,
Pivdenno-American stove.
Middle plates: Arabian (subcontinent), Karibska, Filippinska, Nazca and Coconut and Juan de Fuca and in ..
Deyaki plates of the lithosphere are deposited with oceanic crust (for example, Pacific plate), including fragments of oceanic and continental measles.

3 ). There are three types of different displacements of slabs: displacement (divergence), convergence (convergence) and constant displacement.

Apparently, there are three types of basic between the plates.

* Divergent to the cordon - boundaries, bridging of which slabs are being raised. Geodynamic conditions, when the process of horizontal spreading of earth measles occurs, when the process of horizontal stretching of earthly measles occurs, it is called rifting. Cordoni are confined to continental rifts and mid-ocean ridges in oceanic basins. The term "rift" (from the English. Rift - razryv, trіschina, shіlina) stagnates to the great linear structures of clay pacing, we approve in the course of stretching earth measles. The smell of the plan is a graben-like structure. Rift can be laid both on the continental and on the oceanic crust, establishing one global system, organized by the geo-axis. With the whole evolution of continental Rifts, it can lead to the development of continental measles and the transformation of the rift into an oceanic rift (as the widened rift progresses to the stage of breaking out of continental measles, it starts to smell like fallows).



Budova continental rift

The process of spreading plates in the zones of the Oceanic Rifts (mid-oceanic ridges) is supervised by the establishment of new oceanic measles for the rakhunok of magmatic basalt melts to come from the asthenosphere. Such a process of establishing new ocean measles for rakhunok is called spreading.


Budova mid-oceanic ridge

1 - asthenosphere, 2 - ultrabasic rocks, 3 - basic rocks (gabbroids), 4 - a complex of parallel DAEK, 5 - basaltic oceanic bottom, 6 - segments of oceanic measles, early hour(I-V in the world of antiquity), 7 - bluesurface magmatic in the fire (with ultrabasic magma in the lower part and the main in the upper part), 8 - at the bottom of the oceanic bottom (1-3 accumulated in the world)

In the course of spreading the leather impulse, the superfluous superfluous new portions of mantle melts, which become lagging, extend the edge of the axis of the MOR plates. Itself in the cich zones there is a form of young ocean measles.

* Convergent cordon - border, bridging of which are connected to the slabs. There are three main options for interconnection when closed: "oceanic - oceanic", "oceanic - continental" and "continental - continental" lithosphere. Due to the nature of the slabs sticking, it can be a spike of other processes.
Subduction is the process of pushing the ocean plate towards the continental or the oceanic plate. Zones of subduction are confined to the axial parts of glide-water zholobіv, obtained with sharp arcs (such as elements of active outskirts). On the subduction cordon, the seizure is close to 80% of the length of all convergent cordons.
With closed continental i oceanic plates natural phenomenon є underwhelming oceanic (important) from the edge of the continental; when the two oceanic ones are closed, a long time ago (that is, it was more and more important) from them.
Zones of subduction may be typical of Budov: їх typical elements are a glide-water gutter - a volcanic island arc - back-arc basins. A deep-water zholob settles in the viginu zone and subducts the plate. In the world, the stove has been repaired to consume water (there is plenty of waste in the warehouses and minerals), but, as it seems, it significantly lower the melting temperature, so that the melting temperature can be brought to life, and the volcanoes are alive. In the til of the volcanic arc, let us see the deyake of the expansion, which will begin to illuminate the back-arc basin. In the zone of back-arc spreading, it can be significant to create a pool with oceanic bark until it is ripped out (this is the name of back-arc spreading process).


Zanurennya subducts the plates into the mantle to go to the earthlings, so that they appear on the contacts of the plates and all the middle subducts the plates (cold and sometimes more cry, but not too much mantle). Qia seismofocal zone I will call the Benioff-Zavaritsky zone. In the subduction zones, the process of the formation of new continental measles begins. Significantly larger process of interaction between continental and oceanic plates serve as the process of obduction - a part of the oceanic lithosphere on the edge of the continental plate. It is a slid of crescendo, which in the course of the process of seeing the growth of the ocean plate, and the loss of the upper part - the bark and a few kilometers of the upper mantle. When the continental plates are closed, the bark of such leggings, not the speech of the mantle, and for some reason is not useful in it, it does not get bogged down, contrary to the process of the colony. In the course of the colony, the edge of the continental plates sticking together, crushing, crushing, forming systems of great nasuvs, which can be brought up to maturity by the foldable spruce overwhelming budova. A classic butt of such a process is the closure of the Indian plate from the Eurasian one, which supervises the growth of the grandiose girsky systems of the Himala and Tibet. The process of the colony of changes is the process of subduction, completing the closing of the oceanic pool. With the whole colossal process on the cob, since the edge of the continents has already approached, the colony will follow the process of subduction (a trivial accumulation of surplus ocean measles from the edge of the continent). For colossal processes of types, large-scale regional metamorphism and intrusive granite magmatism. Tsi processes to produce up to the stem of a new continental measles (from a typical granite-gneiss ball).

* Transformational cordon - border, bridging of which are added to the substitution of slabs.

4 ). Obsyaguyu in the areas of subduction oceanskoy measles ossyagu obshy to measles, scho viniku in the areas of spreading. Tse is the position of the child's seat thought about the steel of the earth. Ale taka dumka is not є we will finish the residual. It is not included, that there are plans to change Pulsation, or to see a change in the cooling process.

5 ). The main reason for the collapse of the plates is mantle convection, surrounded by mantle heat-gravitational leaks.
Dzherelom energy for circulating leaks serve as the temperature difference of the central regions of the Earth and the temperature of the surface parts. At the same time, the main part of the endogenous heat is seen on the cordon of the nucleus and mantle in the course of the process of clay differentiation, when the fall of the primary chondritic speech begins, in the course of a metal part, it is planned to concentrate to the center, increasing the strength of the nucleus differentiation.
Heated in the central zones of the Earth, the rocks were expanding, the intensity of them was changing, and the stench was shedding, going down a little more cold and more important masses, they also saw a part of the heat in the lower-surface zones. The whole process of heat transfer goes without interruption, as a result of which there are closed convective intervals. At the same time, at the upper part of the middle, the speeches of the asthenosphere are shifted horizontally into the horizontal area, and the most part of the flow is due to the horizontal shifting of the speeches of the asthenosphere and spread on the plates. In general, the branches of the convective commerce are expanded along the zones of divergent cordons (MOR and continental Rifts), and the lower ones - along the zones of convergent cordons. In such a rank, the main reason for the collapse of the lithospheric plates is "dragging" by convective leaks. Besides, there are more radium factors on the plate. The dawn, the surface of the asthenosphere appears to be lowered over the zones of the lower heads and more lowered in the zones of the ground, which is the reason for the gravitational “ziskovuzvannya” of the plates of the lithosphere, which is likely to be abducted by the plastic surface. In addition, the processes of dragging out the important cold ocean lithosphere in the subduction zones in the hot, asthenosphere, as well as hydraulic wedging by basalts in the MOR zones.


Before the rise of the inner plate parts of the lithosphere, the application of the head ruins or plate tectonics - the force of the mantle "drag" ball. So, as the pressure of the asthenosphere is significantly less from the continents, and the viscosity is much more, lower from the oceans, the value of the force FDC is less by an order of magnitude than the value of FDO. From the continents, especially from the ancient parts (continental shields), the asthenosphere may be wicked, that continent will appear to "sit on the line". Oscillations of a large number of lithospheric plates of the current Earth include both the ocean and the continental part, then ochikuvati, the presence at the warehouse of the plate is the continent in a fabulous glimpse of the "galmuvati" ruh of all the plates. So, it’s possible to see in action (it’s more likely for everything to collapse in the purely oceanic plates of the Pacific, Coconut and Nazca; most importantly - Eurasian, Pivnichno-American, Pivdenno-American, Antarctic regions) On the convergent plate boundaries, the cold edges of the lithospheric plates (slabs) are covered with mantle, the buoyancy of the FNB force is negative (the index in the designated force is from the English negative buoyance). The work is done until the part subducts the plate in the asthenosphere and pulls the whole plate behind itself, increasing the efficiency of the ruch by ourselves. Obviously, the strength of the FNB is occasionally and even less in singular geodynamic settings, for example, in the fall of the described type of deboning of slabs through a distance of 670 km.
By such a rank, mechanisms, which can bring the lithospheric plates to ruin, can be cleverly brought to such two groups: or FDO and FDC; 2) tied with forces, applied to the edges of the plates (edge-force mechanism), on the little one - FRP and FNB forces. The role of this ruinous mechanism, as well as the quiet of those forces, is evaluated individually for the skin plates of the lithosphere.

The combination of these processes represents a geodynamic geodynamic process that hunts areas from the surface to the clay zones of the Earth. In a given hour in the mantle of the Earth, a two-cell mantle convection develops with darkened middle zones (for example, before the model through a mantle convection), as well as a separation of convection at the upper and lower mantle of accumulation Ymovіrni poles along the mantle speech and roztasvanі in the winter-skidny Africa (approximately before the zone of membership of the African, Somalia and Arabian plates) and in the area of ​​Easter Island (along the mid-Pacific ridge) The equator of the lowering of the mantle convection passes approximately along the uninterrupted mode of the pan of convergent cordon plates along the periphery of the Pacific and the common part of the Indian oceans. The modern mode of the mantle convection, about 200 million through the mantle convection) or (according to the alternative model) the convection will become through the mantle for the deboning of slabs through the section 670 km. Tse, perhaps, is brought to the withering of the continents and the formation of a new supercontinent, which is located behind the rakhunka in the history of the Earth.

6 ). Relocation of slabs adapts to the laws of spherical geometry and can be described on the basis of Euler's theorems. Euler's wrap-around theorem is true, so be it the wrapping of the trivial space can be. In such a rank, the wrapping can be described by three parameters: the coordinates of the wrapping axis (for example, the latitude and the dovot) and the turn. At the present position, the position of the continents can be reconstructed in the past geological era. An analysis of the shifting of continents has been grafted to the top of the skin, 400-600 million. As a result, such a supercontinent of Pangea was broken, which became 200-150 million. Rokiv in that, and the successful continents were established.

Todi melodiously we wanted the nobility, scho take plate lithosphere.

Otzhe, plates of the lithosphere are majestic blocks, on which a solid surface sphere of the earth extends. I’ll look at the fact that the skelny breed from them melted, more often, from 1 to 10 centimeters on the river, they collapse.

On this day, 13 of the largest lithospheric plates are found, which cover 90% of the earth's surface.

Most plates of the lithosphere:

  • Australian plate- 47,000,000 km
  • antarctic plate- 60,900,000 km
  • Arabian subcontinent- 5,000,000 km²
  • African plate- 61,300,000 km
  • Eurasian plate- 67 800 000 km
  • Indostanska stove- 11,900,000 km
  • Coconut Plate - 2,900,000 km²
  • Nazca plate - 15,600,000 km
  • Pacific plate- 103,300,000 km
  • Pivnichno-American stove- 75,900,000 km
  • somali stove- 16,700,000 km
  • Pivdenno-American stove- 43.6 million km
  • Філіпінська stove- 5,500,000 km²

Here it is necessary to say that the earth's crust is continental and oceanic. Deyaki plates are stored exclusively for one type of measles (for example, Pacific plate), and deyakі s different types If the plate is repaired in the ocean and smoothly move to the continent. The total number of layers is 70-100 kilometers.

The plates of the lithosphere float on the surface of the partially melted ball of earth - the mantle. If the plates diverge, the tremors between them will remember the kind of rock, which is called magma. If the magma is harder, there will be new crystalline rocks. We will talk about the magmi drive in the report in the statti about volcanoes.

Map of lithospheric plates

Nybіlshі plates of lithosphere (13 pcs.)

On the ear of XX century American F.B. Taylor and the name Alfred Wegener arrived at once before the start of the day, and the growing continents were changing more and more. Until the word say, same tse, great world, є. Ale vcheni could not explain how the price was going to rise, up to 60 years of the twentieth century, as long as the geological processes on the sea bottom.



Map of the rosetting of lithospheric plates

The copalini themselves played the leading role here. on other continents boules know scam'yanili remains of creatures, which obviously could not overflow the ocean. Tse viklikalo poppushennya about those who pricked all the continents of the bullets and creatures quietly passed between them.

lithosphere plate- tse great stable dilyanka of earth measles, part of the lithosphere. According to the theory of plate tectonics, plates of the lithosphere are surrounded by zones of seismic, volcanic and tectonic activity - between the plates. Between the slabs three types: Divergent, convergent and transformative.

Three or more slabs can converge at one point in the geometric world. However, the configuration, in which at the same point there are more or more slabs converge, it is unstable, and it quickly collapses in an hour.

There are two principles rіznі vidi earthly measles - the crust is continental and the crust is oceanic. Deyak plates of the lithosphere are stored in an oceanic bark (the butt is the best Pacific plate), which are stored in a block of continental measles soldered into the oceanic bark.

The plates of the lithosphere constantly change their shape, the stench can degrade as a result of rifting and sing, setting up one plate as a result of the collapse. The plates of the lithosphere can also sink into the mantle of the planet, reaching the depths of the core. On the other hand, the earth measles on the plate is not unambiguous, and in the world of accumulated geological knowledge, new plates are seen, and the reason for the cordon of plates is unclear.

To that, cut the slabs to move in an hour and in a whole sense. Especially small slabs, which geologists have proponated without kinematic reconstructions, often mutually include one one.

The peculiarity of the lithospheric plates is the hardness and healthiness during the daytime, the trivial hour of taking shape and budget. In order to grind the lithosphere plate or deform it, it is necessary to attach additional mechanical springs to it, to twiddle between the cleverly mitt'voi ministries, approximately 1t. / Cm.

The total pressure of the oceanic lithosphere varies between 2 and 3 km in the rift zones of the oceans up to 80-90 km near the continental outskirts. The region of the continental lithosphere reaches 200 220 km.

More than 90% of the Earth's surface is covered by the 13 largest plates of the lithosphere:

  • Australian plate
  • antarctic plate
  • Arabian subcontinent
  • African plate
  • Eurasian plate
  • Indostanska stove
  • Coconut plate
  • Nazca plate
  • Pacific plate
  • Scotia plate
  • Pivnichno-American stove
  • Pivdenno-American stove
  • Філіпінська stove
Medium plate:
  • Juan de Fuca
  • Okhotska stove
  • Karibska stove
Znikl_ plate:
  • Farallon plate
  • Kula plate
Znikli oceans:
  • Tetis
  • Panthalassa
  • Paleo-Asian Ocean
  • Paleoural Ocean
supercontinent:
  • Pangea Ultima abo Amazia maybutn_y supercontinent.
  • Pangea
  • Gondwana
  • Laurasia
  • Rodini
  • Sklavi

Dzherela information:

  • ru.wikipedia.org - plate of lithosphere, plate of medium size, supercontinent, etc .;

The plates of the lithosphere can be very rigid and build up for a tricky hour they take their shape without changing their shape when they are injected from the side.

roll of slabs

The plates of the lithosphere will be rebuilt in post-rus... The process, which is seen in the upper spheres of the asthenosphere, is summed up by the presence of convective currents in the mantle. Outside of the taken plates of the lithosphere, they approach, disperse and make up one and one. When the slabs are close to each other, there are zones of compaction and further away, one of the slabs is pressed (obduction) per day, or the subduction (subduction) of the slabs is set up. When there is a breakdown, there are zones and stretching with characteristic tremors, which lead to the formation of cordons. When kovzannі voryuyutsya breaks, in the area of ​​which the slabs are laid down.

result in ruch

In the areas of convergence of the majestic continental plates, when they are closed, the girski masivi are found. Let's pick a rank, in our hour of vinykla girska system Gimala, scho settled on the cordon of the Indian-Australian and Eurasian plates. The result of the closing of oceanic lithospheric plates with continental fixtures is sharp arc and deep water depressions.

In the axial zones of the mid-oceanic ridges, there is a Rift (in English Rift - a trough, a ravine) with a characteristic structure. Additional insight into the linear tectonic structure of earth measles, which may be the length of hundreds and thousands of kilometers, with a width of dozens or even hundreds of kilometers, are the result of horizontal stretching of earthly measles. rіfty douzhe great razmіrіv Accepted by nazivati ​​rift systems, belts or zones.

For the reason that the skin plate of the lithosphere is a single plate, seismic activity and volcanism are prevented in fractures. Dani dzherela roztashovani in the boundaries to reach the high zones, in the area of ​​which there are grating and mutually changing the suspension slabs. Tsi zones are called seismic belts. glibokovodnі zholobi The mid-ocean ridges and reefs are crumbling areas of earthly measles, the stench has grown on the cordons around the lithospheric plates. The process of the formation of earth measles in these days and in this hour is difficult to achieve intensively.

The importance of the theory of lithospheric plates cannot be locked. So, it’s very good to explain the manifestation in some areas of the Earth, in some areas - rivnines. The theory of lithospheric plates makes it possible to clarify and transfer the diagnosis of catastrophic manifestations that are common in the regions of their cordons.

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