At the bottom there is a hot artist freedom. Artistic features "At the bottom
By the rush power of action in Gorky's drama є the struggle of ideas, and, apparently, the entire spectrum of the artist's victories underlined by the author. As the plot is p'єsi, so and її composition is also based on the line of drama. The plot of the new line collapses. The heroes of the ros'єdnani, zoseredzheni behind the small corners of the stage.
The story "At the bottom" is a cycle of small dramas, in which the traditional culmination moments are seen behind the stage (the death of Kostilov, Vasilini's death over Natalka, the Actor's suicide). The author of the witness to the podії from the field zoru glance, we see it by ourselves, so smut in p'єsі - tse rozmovi. The drama of Gorky is honored by the appearance of the content-owner of the nichlіzhka Kostilov. Take the night out for the night, you know, you know, your squad Vasilina, the yak was drowned in a song. With the appearance of Luke, the plot of the story will be seen (the end of the first act). The quadruple dia has a tie. Satin's monologue: “Is it true? Lyudin - the axis is true! »Є finding point stressing the arts, culminating in drama.
The pre-eminents of Gorky's creativity are distinguished by one more feature: the playwright Vikoristovu so called "rimsya" epizodi. Mirror-like repeating two dialogues of Nastya and Baron. On the cob of p'єsi divchin, one will seize the Baron's mockery. When Luka goes to the heroes, they change their roles: all of the Baron's statements about his rich and rich life are accompanied by one and the same Nastya's reply: “No boo!”. I’ll say exactly what I’m saying in this story is Luke’s parable about the righteous earth and the episode about the Actor’s suicide. The offense of a fragment is literally scattered in the final rows: “And after I went to home - and I grew up ...” and “Hey ... you! Go ... go here! ... There the Actor has risen! ". Podbnі fragments, on the thought of the author, poklikanі to tie parts of the composition.
The heroes of the p'usi "At the bottom" do not traditionally dwell on the head and second-degree ones. The skinny character has his own history, his share, he carries in his creation a message. The stench has a sharp protist. The author turns to antithesis more than once. In the face of the terrible minds of life, the evil days and the desperate, the anthem of Lyudin sounded vocal.
Bitter zavzhdi pushing movi is great value. And in the same dialogues create an atmosphere of tension and conflict. The author of the contribution to the mouth of the hero yaskravi, mni words for the rotation of the head idea - about the sign of the People: “Okremi norms-yattya tilka lyudin, all the same - on the right of his hands and his brain! Lyudin! It's wonderful! Tse sound proud! »The promov_ of the skin character has a share, social activities, Rivn culture. For example, Luke's mova is superstitiously aphoristic: "De warm - there is fatherland", "Order in life is dumb, cleanliness", "... not one flea is not rotten: all blacks, all stripping." Material from the site
With such a rank, artistic freedom of Gorky's "At the bottom" є:
- statement of gostrich philosophical problems;
- see the story line;
- "Rummate" Epizodi;
- the visibility of the pod on the head and other rows of characters;
- the dynamism of dialogues, the main characteristics of the heroes of the p'usi.
P'єsa "At the bottom" of the bule was conceived by Gorky yak alone in the cycle, showing the life and the glance of people from the foreign vernaculars of the suspension. Tse is one of the two goals of the creation. Glybinny zmist, who is the author of the new one, is trying to reflect on the minds of the food of the human being: who is a man and who cares for his specialty, having sunk "to the bottom" of the moral and social butt.
History of the branch of p'єsi
The first testimony about the robot over the p'єsoyu will be known until 1900, if Gorky is in the pink with Stanislavskiy zgadu about writing a scene from the life of nothing. Deyak's sketches appeared in the end of 1901. At the leaf before the viewer K. P. P'yatnitsky, who had appropriated the tvir the author, Gorky wrote, that all the characters, ideas, motives, and “it’s going to be scary” for the new intelligence. The residual version of the book is ready for 25 years 1902 rock, visions in Munich and also in the beginning of sales.
It was not so far-flung with the staging of p'usi on the stages of Russian theaters - it is practically protected. Vinyatok was ruined for the Moscow Art Theater, іnshі theaters mali otrimuvati special calls for the production.
The name p'єsi in the process of robotics changed, took, chotiri razi, and the genre was so and not given by the author - it meant “At the bottom of life: stage”. Briefly and in all of this year's well-known name was first appeared in the theatrical posters during the first staging at the Moscow Art Theater.
The first viconauts became the dawn warehouse of the Moscow Art Academic Theater: in the role of Satin, played by K. Stanislavsky, Baron - V. Kachalov, Luke - І. Moskvin, Nastya - O. Knipper, Natasha - M. Andrva.
The main plot to the tvoru
The plot of the tie-ups on the heroes and in the atmosphere of outrageous hatred, like panun in nichlizhy. Tse is the sign of the canvas to the creation. Parallel to the dіyu doslіdzhu glibinu people fall "to the bottom", the world of no socially and spiritually neohainous individual.
Dia p'єsi to fix and end plot line together two characters: the villainy of Vaska sang and the guards of the master of the nichlizka Vasilina. I got to love my young sister Natasha. Vasilisa is jealous, and always has a sister. Є She has one more interest to the kohan - you want to sound like a man and a child, I will sing to the beat. In the course of p'usi Popil is effective in welding, driving in Kostilov. In the rest of the life, the lodgers are not talking about how Vaska will end up in hard labor, and Vasilisa is all the same “vicrutitsya”. With such a rank, the idea of becoming a share of two heroes, but far from being interspersed with them.
Hour Promizhok P'usi - Kilka Tizhniv early spring... It's time for rock - the warehouse p'єsi is important. One of the first names given by the author to the creation is "Without a Son". Dyysno, about spring, a sea of sleepy light, and in everybody and souls of the bagans there is a darkness. Let's change the sleep for the night-sleepers becoming Luke, the vagabond who Natasha will produce in one day. Luke to bring hope for a happy result in the heart sank and lost the vera to more beautiful than people... However, in kintse p'usi Luka znika s nichlіzhki. Dovirilis to you the characters to vrachayut vira in beautiful. P'єsa will end with the suicide of one of them - the Actor.
The main heroes
P'єsa will describe the life of the Moscow nichlіzhka. The main heroes, apparently, were the Baghdad and the Gentlemen to the mortgage. Also in nіy there are individuals who may be brought up to life for the mortgage: a policeman, in the same uncle Mr.
Shuler, colish convict Satin and a vagabond, mandarin Luke - we have two opposing ideas: the need for communication to people, simple nonsense from love to new, and the need for spirituality to prove the greatness of the truth of people, to the extent of In order to bring the spirit of the first glance and the truth of another to the author and vibrated the action of p'usi.
All the other characters create a background for the whole battle of ideas. Besides, the stench of showing off, letting go of the fall, until the old people go down. P'yanitsya Actor and deadly ailment Anna, people, absolutely lost their strength in their strength, fall into the possession of a charming cossack, in the same way as Luke. The smell of the most fallow lands. From the entrance of the stench it is physically impossible to live and die. Rashta sacks of little sleep will appear and look forward to Luke, like a groaning sleepy spring exchange - showing up and knowing.
Nastya, who is selling her tilo "on the boulevards", is to be found in those who are in the best light of the day, and won’t be in her life. Klіshch, cholovіk in the world of Annie, vіt, wіn wіn wіn thе bottom аn wіll thаt wіll thаt wіll thrive іn life. With a thread, yak, I'll tie it to the workman, we'll leave the box with the tools. In kintsi p'usi win the temptations to sell, to win the squad. Natasha encourages Vasilisa to change and stop tormenting. After the battle of Chergov, you went out of the carnival, you won’t be in the house anymore. Vaska Popil is pragmatic about Natalya, but you can't get out of the snare of Vasilin's own. Remain, in his own devil, check, so the death of a cholovik will open his hand and give the dovgoochikuvan freedom. The Baron lives on with his aristocratic past. Kartyar Bubnov, ruynivnik "illusіy", ideologue ludinone-hated, vvazhaє, scho "all people zavі".
analiz p'usi
The novel was in the minds, since the economic crisis of the 90s of the 19th century in Russia became backwaters, the population of the city was born, richly based on the lower likeness of social gatherings, in the hallway. Kozhen's heroes of p'usi last experienced a fall “to the bottom”, socially and morally. Infectious stench to live in a hurry, but to get up "on the light" can not: do not have the strength, no strength, to degrade their own nothingness.
Luke became a light for the children. Gorky gave Lutsi "to speak" im'ya. It is seen before the image of St. Luke, and before the understanding of "deceit". Obviously, the author is prudent to show the lack of ability of Luke's ideas about the virtuous value of Vira for the people. Gorky is practical to raise Luke's compassionate humanism to the understanding of the mind - behind the plot, the vagabond goes from nichlіzhki yakraz todі, if they, as they did, will require his help.
Satin is a figure, poklikana voiced by the author's svitoglyad. Yak writing Gorky, Satin is not inviting to come for a character, albeit with a hard-hitting charisma in p'us is simply dumb. Satin is the ideal antipode of Luke: it’s not to blame, to blamelessly the essence of life and that position, in which it is based on wine and in the baggage of nothing. Do you want to give Satin to People and what power over the dominion of the surroundings and ruinous graves? A bizarre monologue, like a vin vimovlya, in absentia meeting with Luka bypassed, she is more powerful, a little more verbose.
Є in the creation and in the nose of the "third" truth - Bubnov. The whole hero, yak and Satin, "stand for the truth", just out of the way, it’s even more terrible. Vin Lyudinonenavisnik, ale, by the day, a murderer. Only to move not as a knife in his hands, but as a result of hatred, as a way to live up to the skin.
The drama of p'єsi grows from act to act. With a good outline, there will be a lot of new ideas from Luke, who are in love with his spirits and answers from Satin, as they say about those who respectfully hear about the vagabonds. The culmination of p'esi is a monologue of Satin, the voice of the song in the direction of Luke. Phrases are often quoted, the stench of the stench can be seen in a glance of aphorisms; "Everything in people - everything for people!"
With a bitter pidsumk p'usi, the triumph of the freedom of the sickly people will be bogged down, aware, drunk, without having lost the thought of themselves, neither of them. Meshcans of nobility from the suspension, moral norms, from the family and from the beginning until the day. Behind the great rakhunk, the smell of life comes from life.
P'єsa "At the bottom" is still alive over the centuries and has become one of the most powerful creations of the Russian classics. Let me think about the world of love and love in the life of people, about the nature of truth and nonsense, about the building of people to stand up to moral and social life.
In the history of the Russian culture, there are a few of the names of all sorts of people. Among them is the day of the loan of M. Gorky. As an artist, he has enlisted the literature of light with new themes, plots, conflicts and images. Sered works of Gorky p'us "At the bottom" borrowed a special place. The scribe showing at them the life of the people, the people who made the connection with the suspension and the completely redundant ones. At my glance, even more tensely, it’s not the vitality of the representatives of the intelligentsia, but the people from the very bottom of life, growing up and out, hungry and relieved of all rights. The stench of discussing spiritual, social and ethical problems, which in the past have brought a borderline and stress. Meshkants of every child do not overshadow the problems of good and evil, freedom, conscience, honor, happiness, life and death. All tse їkh tsіkavit at the connection with an even more important problem: who is also a man, for whom is it to come to earth, in what sense is this life? I think it’s the very same in the state of the art, there is the shukati freedom of the “At the bottom”.
Argue, carefully and emotionally discussing food, how to cheat people, allowing you to finish to finish the exact picture about his character, about those rice, how you start to get used to it. Yak is alive real people Let us face a frowning fatalist and skeptic Bubnov, mandarin-Utishitel Luka, preacher of truth and greatness of people Satin and іnshi, Behind the skin of them stands the system of moral and ethical glances. Mabut, they did not know and did not read Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky - real superperechnosti real life zmushuyut їkh big shukati explaining that the camp, in which stench have come down.
The images of heroes, thoughts, feelings and emotions are shown in the picturesque images of heroes. State dialogues will enjoy the respect of the reader, create an atmosphere of tension and
conflict. Gorky is alive, I mean, the words for turning the head idea are about the sign of People.
The understanding of "lyudin" is seen in the writer's creativity with different facets, to navigate in quiet creatures, de, like in the "At the bottom", respect for the image on the dark side of life. characteristic featureп'єsi є those who in them especially voiced the anthem of Lyudin, like bi against the terrible minds of life, evil and desperate.
Literature of great rocky images, depicting "little" people, belittling and objectifying, grabbed a lot of attention before them. If people stop being "little", the same pity for them becomes a disadvantage. I will be created, so the image of the mandrill-quieter Luke of introduction is often used in order to give it a thought. Until now, the first image of the "apostle of all sorts of lies" Wikliko burhliv superperechki. Hto vin - positive hero Are they negative, they are shkodu guilty of people; I am good from the point of view of B. Bialik, so in the very production of food there is a pardon, “not mindful of all the folds and glibini of Gorky’s p'usi. On the right, not in the one who is the shkodu Luka of the people (vividly, shkodu), and if you want to help them with your words vtihi (vividly, you want), but in that, as the reason for the people, as the opinion of the people. "
On one side, Luke bang the ludin into the skin sack of a little bit. At the same time, I would like to feel sorry for the respect without strength for some kind of change in life. Rozradi Luke see the illusions, like the characters live, they see the vision of the new guide. The first day of Luke's “kazok” chimos shit drugs: the stench doesn’t exaggerate the ailment, or allow people to change for the next hour, see yourself more beautifully.
All prices are Satin. I think it’s the very thing to say: “Vin (Luke) ... hitting me like acid on an old and hard coin”. Satin's monologue: “Lyudina! It's wonderful! Tse sound ... proud! Lyudin! You need to take some love for the ludin! Don’t shkoduvati ... don’t belittle your pity, don’t shit! "- I react to Luke's svitoglyad. Victory and conciliatory nonsense Gorky protesting the virulence in the vilnoe People, as only true is needed, as the suvor would not win.
In such a rank, ideally artist freedom p'usi M. Gorky "At the bottom" amazed with glaring problems. The plot will be based on this, the author's position will rotate. Imagining the Russian action in borderline suvoric tones, like a lama of people, wandering in grief and countrymen, Gorky quietly "picking up others, ridkisny krikhti everything, you can call the most invincible, kind, insensible" makings or surplus people. The creativity of M. Gorky is mainly love for people and pain for new, for all humiliation. At the same time, the writer was able to live in the happy life of the people.
Peculiarities of the plot and compositions of the "At the bottom"
1. Freedom of the plot - the life of the declared people
tse New theme in Russian literature. By the end of novelty (people of the bottom) and tradition (love trikutnik Vasilis - popil Kostilov, Natasha - Popil - Vasilisa). In the basis of the plot is a love, and a social conflict: gentlemen of life and nichlizhniki. The plot is based on the production of philosophical meals - about sense of life, about truth and nonsense, about the meaning of people.
2. Composition to creativity - the presence of sharp moves in the plot
Day 1 - knowledge of students. The connection is Luke's belly, the inviolability of his behavior is the visibility of aggressiveness
("M'yali bagato, that th m'yakiy ...");
Day 2 - development of a conflict. Vzaєmodiya Luka and іnshikh heroes (Luka - Anna, Luka - Actor, Luka - Popil). The development of a love conflict - the prepositional Vasilini drive in the cholovik. Luke's creed -
"Live treba ... love the living"
3 days. Superperechka about the truth. onion -
"Lyudina is guilty of taking care of herself."
Popil virishu pochati new life with Natasha. satin -
"Don't rob anything! Just cover the earth."
Driving in Kostilov.
4 days. The appearance of the heroes of the bagatokh: Popil at the vyaznitsa, Luka is missing, Natasha, who was sent to the doctor, disappeared. The life of the sleepovers is immutable. Completed superheroes about the truth. satin:
»Do not shkoduvati people, trebos, bother treasures. Lyudin - the axis is true! "
The main feature of Gorky as a playwright lies in the fact that he wrote it to become relevant, as the problem of humanism is urgent. The solution to the number of problems in development during the development of the suspension in Russia is the same as the interpretation of the images of the "At the bottom".
Was it worthy to you? Do not pretend to see your joy - comeMaterials are published with the special permission of the author - Ph.D. O. A. Mazneva (div. "Our Library")