Letter ь: present day and past. Letter ь: today і passed In some words є is a solid sign

LETTER VIDANIA: SOGODENNYA IN MINUTE

Yuzhannikov Vladislav

5 A class, MBOU "ZOSH No. 31 "

Alena Kanifatova

scientific certificate, teacher of Russian language and literature,m Novokuznetsk

The alphabet of the Russian language has 33 years. The majority of the letters in the cix have their own sound meaning, and in the hour and not one, but two. So, for example, in the words CONFERENCE and in the other and in the third warehouses the letter E is present, albeit at the other warehouse in a weak position without a voice, there is a voiced sound I, and in the third warehouse the sound of E. as solid signs, so as not to give a stench. The letters have their own special roles in words. So we see that the letter b ( soft sign) Serve for the meaningful pulp of an inaudible sound (sil, coat), as well as a vison and distribution function (khurtovina, murakhi). The role of a solid sign is small in the form of letters. Vіn vіkonuє role podіlu. In single letters, in front of which you can use a solid sign, є E, E, Yu and I (roz'єm e hack, sir e mka, rose'єm I am znyati, pidyom NS bnik). At the same time, I will stay for an hour in Russia to try and try the victorious letter for the first time.

All parts of the streets of our places are very vividly named be-like installations, on the end of which a solid sign flaunts. So, for example, the non-hassle agencies "Variant", "Address", the store "Lombard", kava "Petr", the magazine "Gatronom", taxis "Yamshchik", etc.

The problem of the given robot is z'yasuvati: to which in the current names on the end of the name there is a letter vidannya, as history is at the center of the letter.

Meta given for the message: quill the victorian literi vidannya in the occasional name from the point of view of the ground and significance.

In order to learn more about children with letters, in modern books-abetkas on a skin letter for the lodging of a child, it is not only little ones, but a small versh. How can you write about a solid sign? Pogortaєmo a few such books.

1. It is known,

Є підйом, і such підхід,

We can't do anything without them,

Even more important ... (firm sign)

2. Deafening vidannya:

Zvir me thieves and ptah thieves!

I spiraled more beautifully in pid'їzd,

І nіkhto me not z'ist!

3. I can't know niyak

The zoo has a solid sign.

I don’t know how many animals are.

Help me, friends!

In virshi Danish K. about a solid sign of my respect, a stanza turned up:

Earlier I became an important person,

For the king in poshani buv,

Vin mayzhe scho in the words of the skin

Having spent time and having served.

Vinikak nutrition: yak service viconuvav a solid sign before.

Having rolled up to the children with dzherel, I know the three main functions of the letter in the old Russian language.

So, for the first time the Russian abettes, established by the educators, brothers Cyril and Methodim, the letter vidannya (solid sign) was called EP and Bula 29 letter, which means an ultra-short voiced sound that cannot be heard. However, on the leaves of the vikorstannya nevimovnim the literi bulo is not awkward: she helped to break the row correctly - into words (before the transition to the stasis of the punches): For example: to God.

It is necessary, however, that the hypothesis is given that I will not really appear in any given name. So, for my watchfulness, the sign is to be seen in the names of the mighty ones, which is formed only from one word ("Admiral", "Tavern", "Gastronom"). Krim tsyogo, as it is already said, the letter was given the role of an ultra-short vocal sound. The Russian language has a vocal sound, in the words of the style of warehouses, in the new voice: aria(3 warehouse), Lighthouse(2 warehouses), flight(1 warehouse). Warehouses will be open (end with a voiced sound) and close (end with a loud sound). For example, in the words ko-ro-on all warehouses it is clear, and in the word ar-buz offending the warehouses are closed.

A characteristic feature of the distribution in the warehouse in the old Russian move, which is in accordance with the law in a warehouse As a result of all the warehouses, the bullets were visible, so that they ended up with a voiced sound. The law is based on the fact that in the old Russian language there could not be loud sounds in the end of the word, so as in all the way the warehouse would appear to be closed. To that, at the end of the word, they wrote a vidannya (ep).

Prostyzhimotse on prelіjuvany material. "Traktir", "Admiral" kava, "Lombard" store, "Pyotr" kava, "Gastronom" magazine, "Yamshik" taxis, "Option" and "Address" non-handiness agencies ... In the fall, a letter is given to be written in the end of the word, for a voiced sound, at the same time, the re-creation of the current closed warehouse into an output is displayed.

Vidomy rossiyskiy vchenyi-movnozavets Lev Vasilovich Uspenskiy (1900-1978) in his book "Word about words" calls a solid sign "the letter of the word in the light". So, yak, on his dummy "I didn’t help anything, I didn’t grab anything, I didn’t shy about anything." And in some texts, the sign gets used to it more often than not the voices of the letters. Prosthetics in the urivka of the old Russian literature "The History of Temporal Litas".

In total, there are 144 words in the given text, on which there are 31 ep, practically, the whole sign is written in the skin fourth word, and in some words it is created two times. For example: in 'asked', entered ', magi'.

Radyanska vlada also remembered the blindness of the implantation of the sign, which has already greatly improved the text and apparently vitrati on a friend. To that, the decree "On the introduction of new spelling" (1918), the letter vidannya (ep) bula was included in the Russian alphabet. It has become nothing to mean і "razdiloviy er" in the middle of words. They came up with a substitute for you: they began to put an apostrophe (supra-row coma) on the yoma, or the paws of the letter in front of the front letter. In the serpentine of 1928, the fate of the uryad was unlawful to Russian grammar, the victorian apostrophe in the middle of the word was replaced by the letter “solid sign”. At the current Russian spelling, the appearance (solid sign) only gets used to it, it’s just like the razdilovy and the good and the vowel letters. It is most common to pick up on the stick of the prefix and root (nudity, pid'yizd), as well as in some preposterous words (ad'utant, in'єktsia) and in two more serious (not speedy!) Basics in folding words.

It is necessary to bear in mind that in the old Russian language there are two functions (omission and syllabus formation), the letter (ep) is a small third function - an indicator of the cholovic genus. Vona was written in chanting letters in letters of the name of men (Oleg ', kudesnik', forehead '), at the last hour of the cholovic family (put', died), and also in short prikmetniks of the prince of the cholovich family (lob is 'naked', ). If he knew from the common position, the man's birth became a graphical zero in opposition to the woman (book - style).

Chi vikonuє tsyu function of vidannya (solid sign) in special names? "Traktir", "Admiral" kava, "Lombard" store, "Peter" kava "," Gastronom "magazine," Yamshchik "taxis," Option "and" Address "non-handiness agencies ... The name of the person of the cholovich family.

Otzhe, spiraling onto the material, the appearance of the literal vision (solid sign) in the current names of the children can be established from the point of view of the history of the life. Perche, like an ultra-short voiced sound, like a reworking of a warehouse at the outcry. In another way, all the words have a solid sign є і an indicator of the cholovich family, by the laws of old Russian language.

Did you know the facts of the business, as they added the letter to the names of their companies? I went to see the food before the teachers and the forebears of the established. The whole bulo was fed with 14 species. Of them only 3 people know about those who are prone to a voiced letter, 12 people know how many letters were written in the name of the cholovich family. On food, chim the stench of cheruvalis, after giving a vidannya (solid sign) of the solid, one-voiced, monophonic "=" Good ".

Our place has a number of stores, in the names of the words in the end there can be a solid sign: "Cosmos", "Sapfir", "Stimul", "Zatishok", "Zenit", "Visit", "Fenix", "Topaz" ... I am encouraged that, in the future, if you want to add to the names of your forms and set the letter vidannya (solid sign), it will not be only Danin's modi chi commercially driven, but historically grounded.

List of literature:

1. A.I. Gorshkov All the wealth, the strength and the dullness of our move. A.S. Pushkin in the History of Russian Movies: A Book for postal reading uchniv - M .: Education, 1993 .-- 176 p.: il. - ISBN5-09-003452-4.
2. Gorbanevsky M.V. In the name of the name. - M .: Knowledge, 1983 .-- 192 p.
3. Russian mova. Theoretical description Navchalny posibnik for students of specialty "Russian language and literature" Kuibishev, 2012: pp. 35-38
4. Uspensky L .. A word about words. Narisi about MOV, Child Literature, 1971 http://royallib.ru
5. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: URL: http: //www.grafomanam.
6. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: URL: http://ja-rastu.ru/poeme/azbuka/
7. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: URL: http: //ru.wikipedia
8. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: URL:

98 years ago, the Russian spelling knew significant changes: boules vikresleni from the alphabet of the letter "fit" (Ѳ), "and decimal" (I), and became the fashionable "yat" (ѣ). Also, the proletarian reform changed the rules of implantation of a solid sign, or, as he was called for the hour of the emperor, "єr": it is not necessary to put a letter more invisible in the word, but it doesn’t end in a voice. However, with the innovations, as the history showed, the bullets are still becoming unsuitable for use.

According to SPARK-Interfax, more than 50 Russian companies have vikoristovu in the name of the word "yat" and 219 organization - a solid sign. The overwhelming majority of brands "ь" і "ѣ" live in the spheres of trade (both retail and wholesale), three more - in the names of alarm and legal companies. As an expert, brandy in the old fashion - try to piece on the company history and tradition.

The old people ruled the Russian language for a magical drink, the beer restaurant "Durdin '", the restaurant "Cafe Pushkin", the bakery "Khlab nasushniy", the gorilka "Ѣ" St. Petersburg restaurant "Restaurant '". There are dozens of such stocks.

The company BQB, which was engaged in the development of the brand of the gas burner "Yat" (the logo of the company is viglyadak yak nevzhivana nini letter "ѣ"), on its official website is meant, that Mykola I saw the first half of the century. Approx. life) Skasovuvati an invisible letter, arguing tse tim, scho won - "The sign of the literate people is from the unwritten ones." And besides, as the agency declares, advertising alcohol is "a product for literate people, who are smart about spoken Russian cities".

And the head of the club of wicked martial arts "R.O.D. '." Ivan Ivanov, having said, is a firm sign in the name of the organization of those who want to educate themselves, that everything, whoever comes to work, will go to the end and reach your goals.

If we came up with a name, we decided to spiral to the most important root in the Russian language - "born". Itself he is tied with a guardian of the people: dad, homeland, for example. Tse those, for scho it is possible to beat, make it more beautiful. We also wanted to show the firmness of our intentions and quietly, but when you come to us, they also gave us a "b", - Ivanov says.

Olena Galinska, a professor of the Russian language department at the Faculty of Philology, MUU, has sprung up at her house, but the letter "ѣ" has been skewered, and in an hour it has become a noisy thing, since there is a duplicate "e" for her sounds.

If the sounds of boule riznі were pricked, ale in an hour of offense lіteri sounded yak "e". The growth was lost on the sheets. The children in the schools were told to memorize a list of words (vershiks), in which the letter "yat" was implanted. It is possible to say to that, that only even more literate people could "ѣ" vikoristovuvati, - like Galinska. - A solid sign in 11 stolitti vvazhavshis in a voice letter (tobto in the word "hlib" when the sound "p" sounds like a short "and". - Approx. life), Then it became clear that it was necessary to get rid of the overworld in spelling.

On the thought of the professor, pidpriemtsi, like vikoristovuyut in the names of the companies "yat" or a solid sign in the end, - pizhoni.

Still good, it’s right to vickorist. For example, the bakery near "Park Kulturi" used to call itself "Khl ѣb daily "(heirloom bakery Le Pain Quotidien. - Approx. life), Ale tse neuvrno. If you vikoristovute "yat", then the requirement is keruvatisya, according to the old spelling rules. It is necessary to write correctly with them "Khlѣb 'vital".

Make a quick comment from Le Pain Quotidien bakery without going far.

Yak explained dzherelo on the market, the letter in the name “vikorist” is old, in order to win the respect of an older audience (older than 40 years).

Tsi people do not reckon with the "yat" or find a solid sign in the end of the word as a symbol, as it is possible to call it "soft dissent". For the radiant hours, they often "yat" were victorious, who did not want to reconcile themselves to the rule of the proletarians. According to the old spelling rules, the whole era has gone, - say the spy. - We also got mad about ourselves before the adventures of the 19th century: Grigoriy Alisov, Savi Morozov. Is our brand the same old age with raptom? We appealed to the memory of the survivors. All the same, "yat" was able to live correctly in Tsarist Russia, far from everything, it’s a real letter for intelligent people.

Life in its own accord has fed the readings about those associations of victories, the letter "yat" and a solid sign of the voice of the voice. At the same time, the deyaki of the Russian people immediately represent the texts of church-language, and those who do not react negatively to ""

Of course, it’s obvious that the fashion for the old spelling has gone down to social fancy. For example, in "VKontakte" see the group "Pre-Revolutionary Soviet" He is in his native language. My house and my strength "(more than 3 thousand. Peredplatniks). The first row of members of the first public (there is a message for everyone) does not just read the posts of administrators, written in the old style, but in this same manner of writing:"Really, Panova, she is a lady - a wonderful siren. Іnshi sovereigns To her feet 'the floor' of the world would be laid ","Tse і smіkh, і grѣkh '. I judging from that, like (without any sarcasm), the high calmness of the Russian people is waking up to the side of the public, one knows these groups are great (here "new move", and that "can" , іnshі f, you can easily, efficiently see yourself with a part of a special intellectual prodigy.

Member of the Guild of Marketers Nikolas Koro pidkresliv, but the letter itself cannot bring any business, it is to blame for the organic additions of the legend to the brand.

Navmis has shown no archaic (tobto long ago. - Approx. life) In those who are drawn to the alphabet, letters are not tied to monarchical tendencies in business, but rather nostalgic. It's a visual sign of the sound of the clock. A pseudo-legend is emerging, like saying, that the brand has survived the happy hours, that it is a heritage of tradition, - explains Koro. - Also victorious "yat" or a solid sign can be based on addressing to the imperial trend. And vin є.

At the same time, the marketer means that the vibration "ь" і "ѣ" is not very special. It is early to know the letters quickly and easily.

Primary butt - the letter "e". Do not play with dots at once. The name of this year's won is exactly the same, yak "e", and that too soon, it is possible, there will be no more. Also, brandy, which is deliberately playing "e" with dots, is also a season. Adzhe, from one side, in tsіy letters є as a slang warehouse (reference), from іnshy - lexicon, including abnormal pіdtexti.

The head of the PR-agency Nota Bene Natalya Bulanova fostered that "from the steles" I would like to name my company "yat" or a solid sign in the end not to be misplaced.

The brand is guilty of the issue. Tse direct vіdsilannya to old Russian traditions. And it is not respectful, some of the rock of the company (like three rock, for example). I want to show you how I can do it, - say Bulanova. - I didn’t think of Russian buyers. It is impossible to say that the phenomenon is often thick. Such a "trick" to the folk of the legend tells us that there are not many people who will be fooled and shukati on the Internet, some of the rock companies that have history. Purely visually, it’s worth thinking about how you’re going to know about another purchase (a cowbus, for example). If Lyudin buys a car, or an apartment, then, obviously, you can't be mistaken in both kazki.

Leo Uspenskiy called the name of the word of the word in the light of the day. It can be seen from his own pratsi about the proclamation of words that they should be put before her. Behind him, the words - "there is nothing better to rob, nothing to help, nothing to bend". Winikak is listening to the power supply - how did the letter appear in the Russian movie, and how did the creator introduce the role?

History show the letters you see

The authorship of the first Russian abetka is attributed to Cyril and Mythodiy. This is how the Cyrillic is called, the basis of which is the walnut mova, which appeared in 863 years after the birth of Christ. In the їх alphabet - a solid sign buv pіd number 29 and sounding yak er. (Before the reforms of 1917-1918 rockiv - 27th behind rakhunk). The letter vidannya was a short singular sound without vimov. They put in the letter the words of a strong voice.

Who's got the sense of the literi? Є two easy-to-use options for explanation.

The first version of the most ancient Greek letter. Oskilki of the glades we know at that hour simply did not buzz, she herself helped to competently dilute a row into words. Yak butt: "to God"

Another explanation is to tie it into church-language vimova words. I didn’t muffle myself when I read the words dzvinke zgodne, as tse sposterіgaєmo in the modern Russian move.

Rizni behind the zmist word flu and mushrooms vimovlyaєmo is the same - (flu). There was no similar phonetics in the Old English language. All the words yak were written, so they were impersonated. For example: slave, friend ', bread'. He explained how the warehouses were organized in the old Russian language according to the same law, which sounds like this:

“In the old-speaking language, the ending of the word cannot be matched by the mother of inaudible sounds. We will close the warehouse. What can’t be the rule of law ”.

I will look around at what was said to be attributed ver (ed) in the words of words, de є prigolosny. Axis i go: Grocery store, Traktir, Lombard 'abo Address'.

There are two reasons, the third and the third. Vyavlyayetsya, the letter vykoristovuvalas for the signified cholovich family. For example, in the names of the menniks: Alexander ', magician', forehead '. They inserted її і into the words, for example: poklav, sat ', (bavovnyani. Hour cholo. Rid).

In the meantime, the function of the distributor after the letter was seen as everything went up and up. And the axis of the "marna" was seen in the end and earlier than the trim of its position. Behind the words of the well-known movosnavtsya Uspensky L.V. tsya little "dwarf" could borrow up to 4% of the entire text. And the price of money and money is small.

Reform 18th century

That vvazhaє, that the control has built evil letters in the "head" the bolsheviks shattered; Bіlshoviki in the seventeenth rosі simply її "finished off". Everything was repaired earlier!

About the Movi reform, especially about the Russian lettering, Petro himself remarked. An experimenter in life, Petro has long since tried to squeeze a new life into the "decrepit" old-school language. It’s a pity that all plans have gone too far. Ale those, who have been destroying the food from the dead center - this is the merit.

Reform, as Petro rocked from 1708 to 1710, the church script stuck in the first place. Philigranny "zakarlyuchki" of church letters will be replaced by general civil ones. Such letters yak "Omega", "Psi" or "Yusi" went to nebuttya. Letters E and Ya appeared to us.

V Russian Academy The sciences began to think about the rationality of the victorious letters of the letters. So a thought about the introduction of the alphabet "Izhitsi" from the academics of the winery already in 1735 rotsi. And in one of the Drukarsk views of this academy, through a small number of rockets came the statute without a woeful letter of vision in the academy.

Control building for literi vidannya

In 1917, the rock was built two - one on the cruiser "Aurora", one in the Academy of Sciences. Well, vvazhaє, for the reform of the Russian lettering is the merit of viciously bilshoviks. Aleh historical documents confirm that in the whole food, Tsarska Rosiya may have collapsed forward.

In the first years of the 20th century, the Moscow and Kazan Movies were already talking about the reform of the Russian movement. 1904 rik became the first croc in a straight line. At the Academy of Sciences, a special committee has been set up, with the help of which the Russian language has been forgiven. One of the food on the komіsії Bula woeful letter '. Todi Russian alphabet opposed to "Fita" and "Yat". New rules for spelling boules were introduced in 1912, but, unfortunately, the censorship of the stench did not pass.

Grim bursting on 23 chest 1917 (01/05/18). People's Commissar of Education Lunacharskiy A.V. having signed a decree on the transition to a new spelling. The letter vidannya - yak a symbol of support for bіlshovikam saw the rest of them.

To speed up the funeral of everything that was tied to the "tsarist regime" 4 fall leaves in 1918 bіlshoviks saw the decree on viluchennya from different matrices and letter letters. As a result, the spelling wikidday of bolshoviks appeared - an apostrophe. The function of the distributor is now getting a coma (rise, exit).

One epoch has ended - іnsha has resigned. Well, b mіg think, what a small letter you see becoming so great and important in the prototypical two lights, white and red, old and new, before building and writing!

Ale the letter was lost. It was just the 28th letter of the alphabet. The current Russian move has a role to play. Ale about tse zovsіm іnsha history.

The letter, yaku mi, is now simply called a "solid sign", appeared in the alphabet established by Cyril and Method. In those parts of any computers, or to navigate drukarsky machines, it wasn’t buoyed. Texts were written by hand. Most often the words were angry in the same whole. Itself, it’s worth it with one version, a collection of head function a solid sign of bulo razdіlennya slіv mіzh.

The reason for the appearance of the "Komersant" is that it takes on the particularities of the old Russian language. On the right in the one that was written earlier, the words came back to me. For example, the current words "mushroom" and "grip" are the same, but written differently. And for the old hours, there were simply no such manifestations in nature.

Tim is bigger, because of the old rules, the word simply could not end up in a loud voice. Tse bula axiom to spelling, as I did not vimagala any proofs. Nachebto the current rules of the Russian language, as it is ill-advised to explain, it is simply necessary to memorize it.

Until then, with a set of solid signs, recognizing the belonging of that word to the cholovic family. Moreover, the price could be yak іmennik, so і word: forehead ', poklav.