Perchlorate sodium: formula, formulas, chemical powers. Sodium chlorate: ecotoxicity of mechanisms of electrochemical rejection

Also registrations in: USA

Main types:

Pesticide Type Herbicide, Ground SterilantGroup by cheery budova inorganic spolukscharacter of dia CAS registration number 7775-09-9KF code (Code to Enzyme) 231-887-4CIPAC code 7US EPA Chem Code 073301Chemical formula ClNaO 3SMILES .Cl (= O) = OInternational chemical identifier (InChI) InChI = 1 / ClHO3.Na / c2-1 (3) 4; / h (H, 2,3,4); / q; + 1 / p-1structural formula

Molecular weight (g / mol) 106.44Named for IUPAK sodium chlorateName according to CAS chloric acid sodium hydroxideІnsha information -Resistance to herbicide according to HRAC Chi is not visibleResistance to insecticide by IRACStrength to fungicides according to FRACPhysical camp

A wide range, systemic, which changes to all parts of the Bur'yan. Phytoxic to all enterprises.

bili powder

license:

sodium chlorate: behavior in the midst of food

650000 A5 Visokiy Insoluble A5 - Most organic Solvents - 255 A5 - Store up to A4 - 260 A3 - Fire safety A5 - P: 1.26 X 10 -03 Insurance -Log P: -2.9 A5 Low 2.499 L3 --2 A4 - 5.2 X 10 -06 A2 Intermediate state 5.2 X 10 -09 A3 - Chi is not volatile 3.50 X 10 -16 Rozrahovetsya Chi is not volatile DT50 (typical) 200 F3 SteadyDT50 (laboratory at 20 o C): 143.3 A5 StiykyDT50 (polovium): - - -DT90 (laboratory at 20 o C): - - -DT90 (Polish): - - -Note: Value: Stable A5 StableNote: Value: Stable A5 Duzy StableNote: - - - - - - 6.90 Rozrahovuєtsya Visoka alkalinization Value: 4.51 X 10 +01 Insurance -Note: - Rozrahovuєtsya Seredniy 10 F3 Very mobile Kf: - - 1 / n: - -Note: - - -

exponent		value	clarified
Disintegration in water at 20 o C (mg / l)
Dispersion in organic retailers at 20 o C (mg / l)
Melting temperature (o C)
Boiling temperature (o C)
Unfolding temperature (o C)
Sleeping temperature (o C)
Coeffect of rospoid in the octanol / water system at pH 7, 20 o C

Pitoma density (g / ml) / Pitoma vaga
Dissociation constant (pKa) at 25 o C
		Note: Very Strong Acid
Vise steam at 25 o C (MPa)
Henry's law constant at 25 o C (Pa * m3 / mol)
Constant to Henry's law at 20 o C (non-dimensional)
Period of a fall in the ground (days)




	According to laboratory data, the European Union DT50 is 46.7-314.6 days
Aqueous photolysis DT50 (days) at pH 7
	-
Water hydrolysis DT50 (days) at 20 o C and pH 7
	Not senstive to pH
Water precipitation DT50 (days)
Only water phase DT50 (days)
GUS Potential Immunity Index
Index of growth of concentration in groundwater SCI (μg / l) at a dose rate of 1 kg / ha (l / ha)
	-
Potential for particle bound transport index
Koc - efficiency of organic carbon dioxide (ml / g)
		pH strength:
		Note:
Freundlich's isotherm of adsorption	-

	-
Maximum UV-adhesion (l / (mol * cm))

sodium chlorate: ecotoxicity

BCF: - - CT50 (days): - -- Rozrahovuєatsya Low> 5000 A5 Shchur Nizky(Mg / kg): - - (Ppm їzhі): - - 2510 A5 Jock Mallard Duck Low - - - 10000 G2 Chi not vidomi vidi Low 500 A5 danio pereio - 919.3 A5 low 500 A5 Daphnia magna (Daphnia is great, Bloch is watery is great) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 134 A5 duckweed small low 1595 A5 Green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) low - - - > 75 A5 oral Pomirno> 750 A5 Pomirno - - - Іnshі soils and macro-organisms, for example LR50 / EC50 / NOEC / Diya (%) - - - LR50 (g / ha): 84.4 A5 hijski klisch Somewhat not safe at 1 kg / haDiya (%): - - - LR50 (g / ha): 250.6 A5 naїznik Somewhat not safe at 1 kg / haDiya (%): - - - Mineralization of nitrogen: -47 Action (%)
Mineralization in coal: 10.4Action (%) A5 [Dose: 1.67 g / kg soil, 100 days] - NOEAEC mg / l: - - -NOEAEC mg / l: - - -

exponent		value	Dzherelo / Yakisnі indicators / Іnsha information	clarified
bioconcentration efficiency	-

bioaccumulation potential
LD50 (mg / kg)
Ссавці - short-period food NOEL	-

Ptahi - Gostra LD50 (mg / kg)
Ptahi - Gostra toxicity (SK50 / LD50)
Ribi - Gostra 96 godinna SK50 (mg / l)
Ribi - Chronic 21 denna NOEC (mg / l)
Water spineless - Gostra 48 godinna EK50 (mg / l)
Water spineless - Chronic 21 denna NOEC (mg / l)
Water cancer - Gostra 96 Godinna SK50 (mg / l)
Donny microorganisms - Gostra 96 Godinna SK50 (mg / l)
NOEC, static, Water (mg / l)
Donny microorganisms - Chronic 28 denna NOEC, Osadov breed (mg / kg)
Vodnі roslini - Gostra 7 denna EK50, biomasa (mg / l)
Vodorostі - Gostra 72 godinna EK50, zrostannya (mg / l)
Growth - Chronic 96 years NOEC, growth (mg / l)
Bjoli - Gostra 48 godinna LD50 (μg / individual)
Soil worms - Gostra 14-denna SK50 (mg / kg)
Soil worms - Chronic 14-day maximum non-specific concentration of speech, multiplication (mg / kg)
Інші Arthropods (1)

Інші Arthropods (2)

soil microorganisms
New data on the mesomer (mesocosm)

sodium chlorate: healthy people

Main indicators:

> 5000 A5 Shchur Nizky> 2000 A5 Schur -> 3.9 A5 Schur - Chi unassigned A5 - Chi unassigned A5 - 0.35 A5 Schur, SF = 200 - - - - - - - - - - headquarters: professional:

exponent		value	Dzherelo / Yakisnі indicators / Іnsha information	clarified
Ссавці - Gostra oral LD50 (mg / kg)
Ссавці - Шкірна LD50 (mg / kg mass)
Ссавці - Іngalyatsіyna SK50 (mg / l)
DSD - a dobova dose is permissible (mg / kg mass per day)
ARfD - average living rate (mg / kg mass per day)
AOEL - permissible level of system inflow to the operator
Prayer shkіroyu (%)
Dangerous Rails Directive 76/464 / ЄС
see you fucking
by category
	,
butt the European

106.44 g / mol proficiency 2,490; 2,493 g / cm³ thermal power T. float. 255; 261; 263 ° C T. kip. decomp. 390 ° C Movlyav. warmth. 100.1 J / (mol K) mental health -358 kJ / mol Cheerful authorities Disability in water 100.5 25; 204 100 g / 100 ml Affordability in ethylendiamin 52.8 g / 100 ml Distinction in dimethylformamіdі 23.4 g / 100 ml Discrepancy in monoethanolamine 19.7 g / 100 ml Discrepancy in acetone 0.094 g / 100 ml Classification Registry. CAS number 7775-09-9 PubChem Registry. EINECS number Lua's grave in Module: Wikidata per row 170: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value). SMILES

Cl (= O) = O]

InChI
Registry. EC number 231-887-4 Codex Alimentarius Lua's grave in Module: Wikidata per row 170: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value). RTECS FO0525000 ChemSpider Lua's grave in Module: Wikidata per row 170: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value). Guided data for standard minds (25 ° C, 100 kPa), unless otherwise specified.

sodium chlorate- inorganic spoluca, with sodium metal and chloric acid with the formula NaClO 3, barn-free crystals, good water.

rejecting

Sodium chlorate is scrubbed with chloric acid for sodium carbonate:

texvc NO knowledge; Div. Math / README - update about the adjustment.): \ Mathsf (Na_2CO_3 + 2 \ HClO_3 \ \ xrightarrow (\) \ 2 \ NaClO_3 + H_2O + CO_2 \ uparrow)

or passing chlorine through concentrations of sodium hydroxide when heated:

It is unwise to rozibrati viraz (Zdijsnyuєtsya file texvc NO knowledge; Div. Math / README - completion of the adjustment.): \ Mathsf (6 \ NaOH + 3 \ Cl_2 \ \ xrightarrow (\) \ NaClO_3 + 5 \ NaCl + 3 \ H_2O)

Electrolysis of water solutions to sodium chloride:

It is unwise to rozibrati viraz (Zdijsnyuєtsya file texvc NO knowledge; Div. Math / README - completion of the adjustment.): \ Mathsf (6 \ NaCl + 3 \ H_2O \ \ xrightarrow (e ^ -) \ NaClO_3 + 5 \ NaCl + 3 \ H_2 \ uparrow)

Physical power

Sodium chlorate P 2 1 3 , Parameters of the commercial a= 0.6568 nm, Z = 4.

At 230-255 ° С, go into the іnshy phase, at 255-260 ° С go into the monoclinic phase.

Cheerful authorities

Disproportionates when heating:

It is unwise to rozibrati viraz (Zdijsnyuєtsya file texvc NO knowledge; Div. Math / README - completion of the adjustment.): \ Mathsf (10 \ NaClO_3 \ \ xrightarrow (390-520 ^ oC) \ 6 \ NaClO_4 + 4 \ NaCl + 3 \ O_2 \ uparrow)

Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizing agent, in a solid mill in the amount of coal, sirka and other leading detonators when heated or blown.

sucking

Chlorate sodium is known for storing in pіtekhnіtsі.

Write an update about the article "Sodium Chlorate"

literature

Khimichna encyclopedia / Editorial board: Knunyants I.L. ta in .. - M .: Radianska encyclopedia, 1992. - T. 3. - 639 p. - ISBN 5-82270-039-8.
Dovidnik Khimika / Editorial Board: Nikolskiy B.P. ta in .. - 2nd ed., rev. - M.-L.: Khimiya, 1966. - T. 1. - one thousand seventy two p.
Dovidnik khimika / Editorial board: Nikolskiy B.P. ta in .. - 3rd ed., rev. - L .: Khimiya, 1971. - T. 2. - 1168 p.
Ripa R., Chetyanu I. Inorganic chemistry. Chemistry metal. - M .: Svit, 1971. - T. 1. - 561 p.

cheesy dishes

There is an unfinished article about inorganic speech. You can help the project by adding її.

Urivok, which characterizes sodium chlorate

- Well, did Vi "walk", Madonna Izidora? - rewarding with a mile voice feeding my tormentor.
- I wanted to see my daughter, Your Holiness. Ale could not ...
I was absolutely baiduzhe, I was thinking, and my "vilazka" was angry. My soul soared far away, in the divine White Mist, which showed me the walls, and all the navkolishn looked distant and miserable. Ale Karaffa needs to go to the world, unfortunately, not giving ... Immediately he saw my changing mood, "sanctity" zapanikuvav.
- Did they let you into Meteora, Madonna Izidora? - yakomoga spokіynіshe powering Karafa.
I knew that in the soul of a wine it was just "goriv", you should better reject the message, and you will torture it, as long as it doesn’t happen to me, because it’s my father at once.
- Hiba tse maє meaning, your holiness? Even if you have my dad, you can supply everything that is natural to you, I don’t see it. What if you didn't get up to finish your meal?
- I don’t want you to shake it with me in such a tone, Izidora. Because of the fact that you will be able to do something about it, if you have a lot to do with it. Tom, try to get it right.
- And yak bi Vi to yourself, yakbi to replace me, is your daddy, sanctity appearing here? ..- remember that it has become an unbeatable topic, I energized it.
- Yakbi my daddy bov heretic, I burned bi yogo on the wall! - absolutely spok_ydpov_v Karafa.
What the soul of a bully from a whole "saint" people ?! .. What is it? .. Well, do you talk about strangers? ..
- So, I was in the Meteor, Your Holiness, and I am even more skittish, so I won’t consume anything else ... - I said a lot.
- Neither can you be alerted, Izidora? - Happy laughing Karafa.
- Ні, Holy, I was asked to be lost. I went by myself ...
- This can not be bootie! I don't know such people, they wouldn't want to be there, Izidora!
- Well, why? And my father, holiness?
- I don’t believe that it’s permissible for you. I think the fault is guilty of the buv piti. It’s just that hour, it’s over. For the lack of a strong gift appeared.
I was well, well, I’m getting tired, I’d not be able to do it, I’m overtaking myself in the one that I really wanted to see.
- Not all people love only themselves, you know ... - I said summarily. - Є it is more important, less vlada or strength. Є still in the light of Love ...
Caraffa looked at me, as if I was a persistent fly, but I just said I would like to see it ...
- Lyubov is not a keru, svitom, Izidora, well, but I bazhe to manage it!
- Lyudin can do everything ... if you don't start, try it, Your Holiness - without getting into it, I “tasted”.
Having guessed it, I wanted to know something about it, I energized:
- Tell me, Your Holiness, why do you know the truth about Jesus and Magdalene?
- Do you think about uvazi who stink lived in Meteoria? I nodded. - Well, it’s awful! Tse bulo persche, for what I have powered them!
- Yak is the same ?! .. - I energized it. - And did you know about those who don't smell like a Jew? - Karaffa nodded again. - Ale V, don't you say anything about it? .. I don’t know anything about it! And yak is TRUE, your holiness ?! ..
- Do not confuse me, Izidora! .. - shiro rosmіyavsya Karafa. - Vy spazzhny child! Who needs your "truth"? .. Yurbi, yaka її nіkoli didn’t joke ?! .. Ні, my dear, truth is needed for the deprivation of the mischievous, and NATO is simply guilty of "virity", well, but be it - it is not of great importance. Smolder, people have gone to order. And what about it when you give it - it’s already є other rows. TRUTH is not safe, Izidora. There, when the truth is found, it’s clear, well, and there, it’s true, it’s to fix it ... I’m leading MYSTERY, Izidora, and I’m leaving you to bring me a fair amount of satisfaction! Svit's head trimmed on nonsense, bachta ... Golovne, what kind of nonsense was boring to the tsikava, but could follow her "close" minds ... "Viru" is unacceptable in scho, you and rose in parts, and it is NATO itself ...
- Neither the walls of the smart people, like Your Holiness, can you also master self-betrayal? .. Aje vi will burn the innocents, prikrivayuchis im'am tsyogo footed, and such an innocent God? How can you be so bezsovіno nonsense, your holiness ?! ..

Wine production is carried out to the area of production of sodium chlorate, which is widely used in other areas promises. Electrolysis to sodium chloride can be used in chlorine diaphragm electrolyzers. Establish chloride-chlorine solutions and electrolytic chlorine-gas to reduce the reduction of chloride-chlorine solutions. Otrimanization of differences is reduced from the mother liquor of the stage of crystallization and is directed to non-phragmatic electrolysis with a further vaporization of chloride-chlorate solutions and crystallization of sodium chlorate. The products of diaphragm electrolysis can be frequently introduced for removal of hydrochloric acid from chlorine-gas for acidification of chlorine electrolysis and recovery of chloride-and-salt solutions for upsetting sanitary columns. The technical result is a decrease in the vitrate of electrical energy and the possibility of organizing an autonomous power supply. 1 C.p. f-li.

In such a rank, the view of the way of sutta shortcomings: great energetic vitrati (not even a high current flow) and the unhappiness of organizing an autonomous power supply. To the head of the proponated wine-carrier є the method of eliminating chlorate with sodium electrolysis of sodium chloride with lower energy costs. The task was set to be processed in a pro-proponated way, with any amount of sodium chloride being processed in chlorine diaphragm electrolyzers from gas-like chlorine gas and electrolytic meadows in a warehouse 120-140 g / l NaOH and 160-180 g / in conjunction with the reduction of the chloride-chlorate range of 50-60 g / l NaClO 3 and 250-270 g / l NaCl, which should be directed to non-phragmatic electrolysis. The process of chlorate non-phragmatic electrolysis is effective when acidified with hydrochloric acid. In the case of a wide range of chlorate solutions, to take revenge on sodium chloride, it is sent to the stage of vitrification, and then crystallization of chlorate. The mother liquor from the stage of crystallization together with the products of the interaction between the meadow and the chlorine from the diaphragm electrolysis is directed to the non-diaphragmatic chlorate electrolysis. Before feeding the solid product to the stage, the electrolyte is alkalized to an excess of 1 g / l with the addition of the lead for ruining sodium hypochlorite. In case of partial introduction of products into the electrolysis of chlorine diaphragm electrolysis, chlorine is used to remove hydrochloric acid, as it stagnates for the acidification of chlorine electrolysis, and the meadow of vicorists to be cleaned for the green colonies. With such a scheme, 30-35 g of sodium chloride from 300-310 g, it is possible to take place in the skin lithre of vyhіdnogo razchі, to be processed in the sinks of chlorine electrolysis. Such a scheme is used to summarize the reduction of energy vitrates, so that the process of chlorine electrolysis is shown behind the stream of chlorine electrolysis, and at the bottom of the electrolyzers, lower in the chlorate electrolysis, and during the frequent electrochemical process of chlorine oxidation in sodium chloride In addition, with the victorian scheme described, vitrati is reduced for cooling electrolysis, since K. Chlorine electrolysis for cooling does not require. It is very important that there is more chlorine spraying in the sinks of chlorine electrolysis, it is less reasonable (close to 10%), to make it unimportant to balance the technological scheme for chlorides, chlorati and water, and that doesn’t need sense. Within the framework of the proponent scheme, it is possible to reject an additional effect when feeding on chlorate electrolysis rosters with a concentration of NaClO 3, obtained from a greater concentration on NaOH, less chloraminous meadows, rosters. Chlorine electrolysis electrolysis can be replaced with chlorine gas in general, and in private. At the same time, a part of electrolytic clamps of diaphragm electrolysis, which is not directly connected to chlorine, is introduced for vicarystanny in sanitary columns, and an equivalent part of electrolytic chlorine can be used for synthesizing hydrochloric acid. Directly, electric shocks from diaphragm electric tanks in a sanitary colony, and electric chlorine gas to the removal of hydrochloric acid, causes the problem of autonomous chlorate virobration, since the supply of acid to the meadow and acid from the side will no longer be lost. Chastka chloride natrіyu scho pereroblyalasya chlor elektrolіzerah, viznachaєtsya remark chi will attempt otrimanі produkti vikoristovuvatisya tіlki for otrimannya in rezultatі їh vzaєmodії chloride hloratniє lugіv, pіslya zmіshuvannya of mother liquor Zi stadії kristalіzatsії on bezdіafragmennih elektrolіz, abo elektroscheloka perchloric elektrolіzerіv will attempt vikoristovuvatisya tіlki for alkalizing , and electrolytic chlorine - for the synthesis of perchloric acid and for acidification in the scheme of chlorate electrolysis, for a part of the product will be victorious in one straight line, and a part in the other. With the transfer of the proponated way є:

1) reduction of energetic vitrates for rakhunok conduction of the cob stage electrolysis great entrance for current і at low pressure, lower in high chlorate electrolysis: output behind the strum 92-94% і vapruga 3.2 V in chlorine electrolysis against 85-90% і 3.4 V and apparently in chlorate;

2) the possibility of removing one hour at a time with the main product - sodium chlorate - lucency, necessary for the technological scheme for alkalizing and growing sanitary columns;

3) Possibility of acidification of chlorine, possessed in chlorine electrolyzers, for removal of hydrochloric acid on a mixture for acidification of chlorine electrolysis. butt

In the previous electrolysis tank, chlorine diaphragm electrolysis was applied to sodium chloride concentration of 300 g / l on ruthenium oxide anodes at a flow rate of 1000 A / m 2 and temperatures of 90 o C. Otrimania electrolytic meadow, about 175 g / l. NaCl, dissipate with anode chlorine gas and distill chloride-chlorate solutions in the warehouse 270 g / l NaCl and 50 g / l NaClO 3. The whole range is supplied to non-refractory chlorine-free electrolysis, which can be carried out in a cascade of 4 electro-analyzers. The thickness of the struma is 1000 A / m 2 and the temperature is 80 o C from the reduction of the end point of the offensive stock: 105 g / l of NaCl and 390 g / l of NaClO 3. Thus, from one 1 l of the chlorine solution, it is necessary to change the amount of 10% I have the best choice for wine steaming with electric gases and vaping 355 g of sodium chlorate, with 50 g (14.1%) was used to reduce the products of chlorine diaphragm electrolysis, and 305 (85.9%) loratnye electrolysis. The stress on the chlorine electrolysis tank was 3.3 V when the output behind the strum was 93%. The middle voltage on the chlorate electrolysis tank was 3.4 V when the output behind the strum was 85%. Pitoma of vitrate of electricity W (kWg / t. Thus, the decrease in energy vitrates was 12.1%.

FORMULA FOR WINE

1. Sposіb otrimannya chlorate natrіyu Shlyakhov elektrolіzu rozchinu chloride of natrіyu away viparovuvannyu chloride hloratniє rozchinіv i kristalіzatsієyu natrіyu of chlorate liquor Povernennya stadії kristalіzatsії in protses, yaky vіdrіznyaєtsya tim scho spochatku elektrolіz rozchinu chloride natrіyu zdіysnyuyut chlor dіafragmennih elektrolіzerah of otrimannyam Luzhnogo-chloride development and electrolytic chlorine gas, which reduce the chloride-chlorate range and direct the process of changing from the mother liquor to the stage of crystallization on non-phragmatic electrolysis. 2. The method according to claim 1, how to use it, that the products of diaphragm electrolysis are supplied in part for the removal of hydrochloric acid from chlorine-gas for the acidification of chlorine electrolysis and the reduction of chloride-puddles for sanitary towers.

Electrochemical removal of sodium and calcium chlorates based on anodic oxidized chlorinated salt:

6С1СГ + 60Н "= 2CIO3 + 4СГ + 17202 + ЗН2О

The theoretical output of chlorate during electrolysis of neutral NaCl with platinum anodes becomes 66.67% w. Electrolysis accelerates in acidic environments with the addition of HC1, as well as accelerated temperatures during accelerated chemical oxidation of sodium hypochlorite. The addition of other acids, for example, HBr, is not injected into the output after the stream and the speed of the reaction 19 ". Theoretical output of chlorate on sour current can be 100% as long as one hour through the order of the discharge ioniv Syuz of chemical oxidation of hypochlorite with chlornuvatist with acid per reactions:

2HC10 + CU "= CIO3 + 2CG + 2H +

If the acidity is high, you can see parts Chlorine in viglyadі gas owes to zsuvu of an equivalent reaction to hydrolysis of chlorine in vіdlіvo. To that, the vikoristovuyut of razchin with pH = 6.7, so that the ratio of chlorate and acid is equal to 1: 2.

With qih drains, the chlorate strum can transfer 90%.

It is also proponated for the reduction of acidity in the process of electrolysis in front of the cititi electrolyte with chlorine 192. In the case of razchin enter 4-10 G / l chromate or sodium bichromate for the replacement of chlorinuvatist - and chloric - acidic salts for every occasion, as a result of the adoption of the main spoluks of chromium. The presence of Na2Cr04 in the form of renewal decreases to 1-3%, replaces 70% without additive.

The electrolytic solution of NaCl will be available in October from the replacement of the graphite anodes and steel cathodes from the platinum cathodes; the process is carried out at 35-50 °, at a pH the range is close to 6.7, with a volumetric ratio of 1.7-14 a / l, anode power 300-1400 a / m2і cathodic gap 250-540 a / m2. Warehouse current flow in the middle 80-85%. Vitrate energy for 1 ton of NaClOs to become close to 1500 kWh Conducting electrolysis at higher temperatures is associated with a significant vitratic graphite. Stagnation of magnetite anodes replaces graphite ones, allowing the temperature to be increased up to 70 ° 5E. However, 1 magnetite anode is more likely to become stagnant due to a small amount of electrical conductivity.

Є Try even more of the best struma: volume up to 64 a / l, anodic up to 6000 a / m 2 and cathodic up to 3100 a / m2193. For carrying out the process, you can buy vikoristanі elektrolіzeri with navantazhennyam 15-18 yew. A107.

The electrolysis can be solved either by the reduction of the low concentration of chlorate of low concentration with the additional vaporization and crystallization, or in the cascade of electrolysis by the removal of chlorate meadows in the high concentration of the young crystals103.

Vyhіdniy razchin To revenge 195: 270-280 g / l NaCl, 50-60 g / l NaClOa, 5-6 g / l Na2Cr207 i 0.5-0.6 g / l HC1. Yogo to get the benefits of rosol kitchen salt and secondary uterine growth of crystallization of NaC103.

In a wicked weak razchini, how to go straight for a drink, get 300-450 g / l NaC103 і 150-180 g / l NaCl. Otrimaniya razchin it is necessary to sound from unreacted hypochlorite to prevent corrosion. It shouldn't be possible to heat the steam range up to 85-95 ° and to the newer versions of ants, brine salts and others. The differences are seen in the graphite particles in the window and in the food filter, and then boiled up to 1.5-1.6 g / cm3. When vaporized, sodium chloride is seen, which is used for the production of vicoric acid for preparing vyhid rosolu.

The stripped-down razchin to revenge in the mid-900 g / l NaC103, 80-100 g / l NaCl i 17-18 g / l Na2Cr207. Yogo vіdokremlyuyut in NaCl, heated up to 100 ° and supplemented with chlorate, seen from uterine rosters. Pislya additional security of the rosters with a density. - 1.63 g / cm3 and the concentration is close to 1100 g / l NaC103, cool in an enamel chavun crystallizer to 30 °. Crystals of sodium chlorate were seen to release from the centrifugation, rinse with water from the water from the chlorate salt of the chromate and hang to hot food.

Uterine growth, rejection of the crystallization of the main mass of chlorate, vaporization of visions of the chlorate in the form of vikoristovuyutsya for further exacerbation of the gap, go to crystallization. Obsessions with a lot of secondary uterine growths should be directed to the replacement with saline salt solution 188-1E6.

In some cases of crystallization of NaCl03 from the point of view of the electrolysis, it is possible to go without prior vaporization, without a direct connection to the cooling. In the whole vipaduyuyut at electrolysis of breakdowns, to avenge 550 - 610 g / l NaC103 і 100 g / l NaCl. The preparation of particles of graphite and additional purification on filters allows crystallization during cooling in devices without interruption. Sodium chlorate emerges from the uterine range, hangs and adjusts. Uterine growth, to take revenge on unreacted NaCl, vicious for the distribution of new amounts of salt.

However, he comes in the process of changing the vitrat by ~ 60 Kg On 1 T NaC103. For the purpose of uniqueness of the dilution of the solutions, we recommend 197 viroblates a subpark of meadows or the speed of the introduction of water at the near stages of the viral cycle. On virobnitstvo 1 g of NaC103 per zimet method consume 194: 5200-5500 kWh Electroenergy, 4-8 Kg electrodiv and cold close to 200 yew. kcal In case of robotic viparuvannya with the same vitratio of electric power, replace the cold with vitrification 1.8-2.5 mgcal pair.

When using the electrochemical method of chlorate calium 173 electrolysis, the difference should be made, 250 g / l KS1, 50 g / l KSUz, 3 g / lК2Сг207, at pH = "5.5. The capacity of the electrolysis machines is 3000 a. Bath Stress 3 v. Go out of the bath of razchin, scho revenge 150-200 g / l KS103, when the hypochlorite is laid out, it is sent for crystallization into a concrete refrigerator column. From the top to the column, razchin, and from the bottom to feed

22 M. Є. Pozin fan turns at 15-20 °. At the same time, there is a fraction of the vaporization of the difference with the one-hour crystallization of the chlorate of the vapor from the lower part of the colony, the pulp is then thickened into a spinner, and then distributed on a centrifuge. Uterine growth is turned in the process of additional saturation with calcium chloride. Crystals of chlorate kaliyu іnodі rozchinyayut і cross-stallіso - whiskers for the removal of a high-quality product.

Calcium chlorate is mixed by a combined method in two stages. A handful of leading electrolysis solutions to sodium chloride, and also to revenge the number of KSYU3 (as werewolves). It is possible to carry out an exchange reaction of NaC103 with calcium chloride 198. In front of the meadow there is a chlorine bath. In case of chlorination, an additional amount of NaC103 is established for the amount of NaCIO that has not been oxidized during electrolysis. With the same NaC103, there is a combination of hypochlorite and chlorinuvatist acid and 199 "200 (div. Vishche).

In case of electrolysis of a reduced range of NaCl and KC1 conversion of NaC103 behind the addition of KC1, it is necessary to use a small amount of KS103 electric way. Vyhіdniy razchin revenge 70-100 g / l KSYU3 (as werewolves), 180-220 g / l NaCl, 100-130 g / l KS1, 5 - 6g / l NaaCr207 i 0.6-0.7 g / l HC1. As a result, electrolysis will be able to fix differences, but to revenge 150-200 g / l KSUz, 80-120 g / l NaC103, 60-70 g / l KS1, 140-160 g / l NaCl. Yogo heat up to 100 °. In an apparatus with a mixer, where to serve solid calcium chloride. Conversions of differences, scho to avenge 270-300 g / l KSUz, 180-200 g / l NaCl і 100-130 g / lКС1, cool to 35-40 ° for crystallization of КСЮ3. When the crystals were seen, uterine rosettes were seen to be turned on electrolysis, bringing their warehouse to the cob.

0.61-0.65 g of KS1, 15-20 Kg HC1, 1.5-2.0 KgК2Сг207 і close to 6000 kW -year electrical energy.

Wine production is carried out to the area of sodium chlorate production, which is widely used in other industrial areas. Electrolysis to sodium chloride can be used in chlorine diaphragm electrolyzers. Establish chloride-chlorine solutions and electrolytic chlorine-gas to reduce the reduction of chloride-chlorine solutions. Otrimanization of differences is reduced from the mother liquor of the stage of crystallization and is directed to non-phragmatic electrolysis with a further vaporization of chloride-chlorate solutions and crystallization of sodium chlorate. The products of diaphragm electrolysis can be frequently introduced for removal of hydrochloric acid from chlorine-gas for acidification of chlorine electrolysis and recovery of chloride-and-salt solutions for upsetting sanitary columns. The technical result is a decrease in the vitrate of electrical energy and the possibility of organizing an autonomous power supply. 1 C.p. f-li.

Wine production is carried out to the area of sodium chlorate production, which is widely used in other industrial areas. Svitovy virobnitstvo sodium chlorate reach decilkoh hundreds of thousands of tons in rik. Sodium chlorate is used for the removal of chlorine dioxide (vidbilyuvach), calium chlorate (bertolet silt), calcium and magnesium chlorates (defolianti), sodium perchlorate (as a product for the production of solid rocket metal), A method of removing sodium chlorate in a chemical way is possible, with a clear cut of sodium hydroxide, chlorination is obtained from removing sodium chlorate. For its technical and economic indicators, the chemistry method does not show competition with the electric chemistry, so it is practically impossible to get used to it in this hour (L.M. . 366). Vidomy way of removing sodium chlorate by means of electrolysis of sodium chloride in a cascade of non-phragmless electrolysis using sodium chloride-chlorate solutions, of which crystalline sodium chlorate is visualized by the method of crystallizing sodium chloride. Technologie ", s.729, Munchen, 1970; L.M. Yakimenko, T. A. Serishev" Electrochemical synthesis of inorganic spoluks, Moscow, z-vo "Khimia", 1984, pp. 35-70). The main technological stage, non-phragmatic electrolysis of sodium chloride, through the current flow 85-87%. Before feeding the solid product to the stage of solid product, electrolyte is alkalized to an excess of 1 g / l with the addition of the lead for crushing corrosively active sodium hypochlorite, which is already present in the food uktakh elektrolizu. A secondary anode process in the case of electrolysis of chloride breakdowns є seeing Cl 2, not only by reducing the current output, but by means of cleaning the electric gases in the sanitary columns, which are growing in the meadow. Due to the process, it is linked with a hundred vitrate of hydrochloric acid and meadows: for 1 ton of sodium chlorate, ~ 120 kg of 31% hydrochloric acid and 44 kg of 100% NaOH are vitrified. There are many reasons for chlorate production there, de є chlorine electrolysis, which supplies caustic soda and electrolytic chlorine and water for the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, at that time it is often required in all types of chlorate sodium hydroxide. Ale і there, de chlorine electrolysis and chlorate electrolysis work, when there is a lack of chlorine electrolysis for quiet ) and the unhappiness of organizing an autonomous network. To the head of the proponated wine-carrier є the method of eliminating chlorate with sodium electrolysis of sodium chloride with lower energy costs. The task was set to be processed in a pro-proponated way, with any amount of sodium chloride being processed in chlorine diaphragm electrolyzers from gas-like chlorine gas and electrolytic meadows in a warehouse 120-140 g / l NaOH and 160-180 g / in conjunction with the reduction of the chloride-chlorate ratio of 50-60 g / l NaClO 3 and 250-270 g / l NaCl, which should be directed to non-phragmatic electrolysis. The process of chlorate non-phragm-free electrolysis is effective when acidified with hydrochloric acid. In case of a wide range of chlorate breakdowns, to take revenge on sodium chloride, it is sent to the stage of vitrification, and then crystallization of chlorate. The mother liquor from the stage of crystallization, together with the products of the interaction between the meadow and chlorine from the diaphragm electrolysis, is directed to the non-diaphragmatic chlorate electrolysis. Before feeding the solid product to the stage, the electrolyte is alkalized to an excess of 1 g / l with the addition of the lead for ruining sodium hypochlorite. In case of partial introduction of products into the electrolysis of chlorine diaphragm electrolysis, chlorine is used to remove hydrochloric acid, as it stagnates for the acidification of chlorine electrolysis, and the meadow of vicorists to be cleaned for the green colonies. With such a scheme, 30-35 g of sodium chloride from 300-310 g, it is possible to take place in the skin lithre of vyhіdnogo razchі, to be processed in the sinks of chlorine electrolysis. Such a scheme is used to summarize the reduction of energetic vitrates, so that the process of chlorine electrolysis is shown behind the stream of chlorine electrolysis, and at the bottom of the electrolysis, lower in chlorate electrolysis, and during the frequent electrochemical process of chlorine oxidation in sodium chloride In addition, with the victorian scheme described, vitrati is reduced for cooling electrolysis, since K. Chlorine electrolysis for cooling does not require. It is very important that there is a greater amount of chloride spraying in the drainage of chlorine electrolysis, it is less reasonable (close to 10%), to make it unimportant to balance the technological scheme for chlorides, chlorati and water, and that doesn’t need sense. Within the framework of the proponent scheme, it is possible to reject an additional effect when feeding on chlorate electrolysis rosters with a concentration of NaClO 3, obtained from a greater concentration on NaOH, less chloraminous meadows, rosters. Chlorine electrolysis electrolysis can be replaced with chlorine gas in general, and in private. At the same time, a part of electrolytic clamps of diaphragm electrolysis, which is not directly connected to chlorine, is introduced for vicarystanny in sanitary columns, and an equivalent part of electrolytic chlorine can be used for synthesizing hydrochloric acid. Directly, electric shocks from diaphragm electric tanks in a sanitary colony, and electric chlorine gas to the removal of hydrochloric acid, causes the problem of autonomous chlorate virobration, since the supply of acid to the meadow and acid from the side will no longer be lost. Chastka chloride natrіyu scho pereroblyalasya chlor elektrolіzerah, viznachaєtsya remark chi will attempt otrimanі produkti vikoristovuvatisya tіlki for otrimannya in rezultatі їh vzaєmodії chloride hloratniє lugіv, pіslya zmіshuvannya of mother liquor Zi stadії kristalіzatsії on bezdіafragmennih elektrolіz, abo elektroscheloka perchloric elektrolіzerіv will attempt vikoristovuvatisya tіlki for alkalizing , and electrolytic chlorine - for the synthesis of perchloric acid and for acidification in the scheme of chlorate electrolysis, for a part of the products will be victorious in one straight line, and a part in the other. Reconstruction of the proponated method є: 1) reduction of energetic vitrates for the development of the cob stage of electrolysis with a great current flow and at low pressure, not less in the extraordinary chlorate electrolysis: -90% і 3.4 in і food is consistent with chlorate; 2) the possibility of removing one hour at a time with the main product - sodium chlorate - lucency, necessary for the technological scheme for alkalizing and growing sanitary columns; 3) Possibility of acidification of chlorine, possessed in chlorine electrolyzers, for removal of hydrochloric acid on a mixture for acidification of chlorine electrolysis. Butt In the previous electrolysis tube, chlorine diaphragm electrolysis was applied to sodium chloride concentration of 300 g / l on ruthenium oxide anodes at a flow rate of 1000 A / m 2 and a temperature of 90 o C. Otrimanі electrolytic m / meadow, 140 g / l. l NaCl, stir with anode chlorine gas і wash out chloride-chlorate solutions in the warehouse 270 g / l NaCl і 50 g / l NaClO 3. A series of rozchin feeds on non-phragmatic chlorate electrolysis, which is carried out in a cascade of 4 electrolysis cells with oxide-ruthenium anodes at a flow rate of 1000 A / m 2 and a temperature of 80 o C with a target range of 105 g / l0 l. l NaClO 3. Thus, from one 1 liter of viable chloride solution, a 10% reduction in the amount of wine from one liter of chlorine solution is reduced to the amount of wine used for steaming wine with electric gases and vaping 355 g of sodium chlorate 50 g (14.1%) consumption of products in chlorine diaphragm electrolysis, and 305 (85.9%) is directed in the process of chlorate electrolysis. The stress on the chlorine electrolysis tank was 3.3 V when the output behind the strum was 93%. The middle voltage on the chlorate electrolysis tank was 3.4 V when the output behind the strum was 85%. Pitoma of vitrate of electrical energy W (kWg / t), calculations for the experiment data according to the formula W = 1000E / mBT, de E - spacing on the middle (B); m - electrochemical equivalent (g / Ah); BT - current output in single parts,
a sklave for chlorine electrolysis 2517 kWg / t, and for chlorate - 5996 kWg / t, as well as a portion of chlorate, watered as a result of the change of products in chlorine electrolysis, and 5404.9 kWg / t. installed 6150 kWg / t. Thus, the decrease in energy vitrates was 12.1%.

formula for wine