Pochіdnі original curly fabrics. crooked fabrics

Covering the fabric on the growing line - the price of the fabric on the growing line from the unwelcoming injections dovkilla(Differences in temperature, dry land, mechanical processes) and from various bacteria, viruses and fungi. Likewise, the fabrics take in the moisture and the vision of the water (as soon as it is brought out), the gas exchange is good.

Їх functions

In such a rank, the curtain of the fabric on the vison of the offensive functions:

• zakisnu (vidokremlyuє internal middle of the growing line from the last middle);
• exchange;
• I see;
• receptor.

Fig 1. crooked fabrics roslin schematic

see

I see these types of fabrics, yak

• pervinna(Roztashovana: epidermis - in stems, exoderma - roots);
• second abo plug(Roztashovana is also in the roots and stalks of the roslin - periderm; you won’t be called out to appear because of that, as vіdmiraє epіdermіs);
• dodatkova pokrivna fabric na abo kirka(Rіtіdom).

The young root can also be covered with rhizoderm, similar in its budova to epiderma, altogether in epidermis and exoderma, not similar to budova, nor to walking.

epidermis- the whole tissue is safe, cork and cork- the price of the dead tissue, the cells of the kind, able to resist, to be remembered by the witnesses and tannin words, while promoting their main functions - to formulate the grasp of the shari, how to preserve the growth of the unwelcoming factors.

specialties of Budovi

All types of crooked fabrics are similar to their buds (crooked fabrics of roselin are made from cells and small spaces) and may be singular specialties.

• In the curtain fabrics, there is much more clitine and little microscopic speech.
• Clients and their structural particles are rosted even close one to one
• Covering fabrics is quickly regenerated (cells do not live long enough, they live quickly, for which tissue is constantly updated).

Budova and functions new species curvy fabrics are presented below in the table, as you can vikoristovuvati in the lessons of natural science in the 5th grade.

Fig 2. Epiderma roslini

See crooked fabrics and rose lines and functions

Type of curved fabric	budova	functions
epiderma	Have vishykh roslin the entire surface of the fabric is covered with a cuticle - a ball of Kutin wax. Є special pori - food, which is stored from decilkoh quiescent and side cells. Likewise, the presence of hairs or trichomes, which are stored in one or more decilkoh cells.	Qia fabric will provide gas and water exchange, temperature regulation. The hairs can be visonuvati zhisnu funktsii (yak, for example, in sprinkles).
periderm	It is stored in three balls: fella (call ball or cork), phellogen (the main ball, with two separate balls, two balls are set), felloderm. In the case of fabrics, they are so called lentils, as they use gas exchange.	Tsya fabrics of a plant for a roselin, including those of ailing organisms.
pick	It is stored with vidmerlich clitin of phellogen. The tsia of the fabric is stretched out to the singing between, the ale is not elastic;	Qia fabric is necessary for the acquisition of the growth of mechanical items. Tsіkavo, scho the pick is good to save the roslin navіd in the fire. The very fact is that the trees are full of woods.

Fig 3. View of measles under a microscope

All fabrics can be either ball-shaped or single-ball. For example, rhizoderma, which is covered with roots, one-ball tissue, and epidermis - bagatosharova. The peridermis is also folding, the bagatosharova is covered with tissue.

In some species of roslin, it is especially quiet, as it grows in dry plants, є more one tissue (referred to the first ones) - velamen , Yaky pokryva only the root of the roslin. The spherical ball will get the most reliable vologues in the leaves and stems of the growth.

The development of fabrics is set in the growth period of the “life” of the growth. So the pick can be installed in the vineyards of the village with a liche 8, 25 rosi life (pine and oak are common). In the case of those who won, they can formulate at the 50th life (at the hornbeam).

Who did you know?

Curtain fabrics є in twigs and roslin. Roslin has three types of crooked fabrics, which can be used for different functions, if the main meaning is to seize roslin. Budova's crooked fabrics are awkward, ale of their own specialness. Fabrics are made in one ball and bagat ball. Deyakі vidi fabrics repair the formvatsya todі, if the growth is within the reach of the singing vіka.

Woven fabrics are rassthavuyutsya on the surface of the organs of the roslin on the cordon with the zovnishnim middle. The stench is stored in a very small cell and seize the inner parts of the growing line from unwelcoming call injections, vaping and drying, high temperature changes, penetration of microorganisms, penetration of microorganisms According to the trips from the small meristems you see firstі second crooked fabrics.

Before first of all on the basis of the fabric: 1) rhizoderm, abo epilem i 2) epiderma.

Rizoderma (epіblema) - primary one-ball surface tissue at the root. pretend to protoderm- zvnіshny ball klіtin apіkalnoї meristemi root. The main function of the rhizoderm is vmoktuvannya, vibrating clay from the soil with the elements of mineral vitality. Through the rhizoderm, there is a vision of speech, which is going to the substrate and re-creating it. Clitini rhizoderma of thinness, with viscous cytoplasm and great number mitochondria (minerals are actively glazed, with vitratic energy, against the gradient of concentration). characteristic feature Rhizoderma root hairs- tubular virost, on the type of trichomes, not on the line of the mother's cell ( Small. 3.4). root hairs I will glaze the surface of the rhizoderm ten or more times. The hairs may be 1-2 (3) mm thick. Rhizoderma often looks at the yak in the wetroom fabric on.

Small. 3.4. Kinchik ozhik root bagatokvitkovyu: 1 - root hair.

epiderma- the first thing about the fabric, how to pretend to be protoderm pagon build-up cone. Vona curls the leaves, stalks of grassy and young pagones of village roslin, quilts, fruits and seeds. The main function of epidermi is the regulation of gas exchange and transpiration(Viparovvannya with living fabrics). In addition, there are a number of other functions. Vona pereshkodzhaє penetrated into the middle of the growth of ailing organisms, grasping internal tissues from mechanical processes and giving organs to organs. Through the epiderma, you can see the names of essential oils, water, salts. Epidermis can function as a wearable fabric. Take your fate in synthesis rіznykh speeches, In sprynatі tease, in rusі leaves.

Epiderma is a folding fabric, it is morphologically to enter the warehouse різні tipi clitin: 1) the main cells of the epidermis; 2) loosing a little bit of food; 3) trichomes.

Main klіtini epіdermi- live cells of tabular form. The type of cells from the surface of the growth ( Small. 3.5). Clinics are closed, intercellular spaces are outside. Bichni stinki (perpendicular to the surface of the organ) are often vivistic, which increases the intensity of their development, is more straightforward. Epidermal cells of axial organs and leaves of monocotyledons are strongly twisted bridles of the axis of the organ.

Small. 3.5. Epiderma of a leaf of roselin (view from the surface): 1 - iris; 2 - corn; 3 - kavun; 4 - a drop cap.

Renowned clientele clichés more for others. Їх internal, more taut, the ball is stored with cellulose and pectin rivers; the call ball is ready to go. On top of the lasting walls, there is a subtle ball of Kutin, which I will make a drink - cuticle... Krim Kutina in the warehouse is interspersed with wax, which further reduces the penetration of the cuticle for water and gas. Viscous can be deposited in crystalline form and on the surface of the cuticle near the lobe, stick, tubule and other structures visible only through an electronic microscope. Tsey gray, it is easy to wipe off some good marks on cabbage leaves, plums, grapes. The need for cuticles, rose in a new wax and cuticles provide a chemical style and penetration of food for gas and retail. In the minds of a dry climate, a large cuticle grows at the roselin. Rosettes, bred near the water, have cuticles out of the day.

Klitini Epidermi Mayut a living protoplast, call for good endoplasmic and the Golgi apparatus. Most species of roslin have leukoplast in the cytoplasm. In water dews, ferns, sack of silty mice (gibiscus), there are rare chloroplasts. Epidermis is most often stored in one ball of clitin. It is rare to develop two-or-so bagatosharova epidermis, especially near the tropical dews, to live in the minds of the smallest anxiety in water (begonia, peperomia, ficusi). The lower balls of the bagatosharovoy epidermis function as water-storing fabrics. Have the roslin's classrooms You can seep out with silica (horsetails, cereals, sedges) or mystify slime (nasinnya liona, ivy, plantain).

stagnation- Insight for the regulation of transport and gas exchange. Ustitse is stored in two quieter clitin bean-shaped, where they are stomatal gap The yak can expand and sound. The great intercellulars grow up with the crackle - empty-handed... Clitini epidrmy, which adhere to the clinging clitines, often come from some clitins, and todi them name bitter, abo near estuaries(Small. 3.6). The stench to take a part in rusi quiescent clitins.

Small. 3.6. Budovi prodihi scheme.

Loose and bitty clients approve ustychnymi apparatus... Regardless of the number of secondary cells and the growth of the stomatal line, the number of types of the stomatal apparatus is seen (Fig. 3.7). In the pharmacognosis of the type of stomatal apparatus, it can be used to diagnose lykarskoy roslinnoy syruvina.

Small. 3.7. Typi otstichny apparatus: 1 - anomotsitny; 2 - dіаtsіtny; 3 - parasitny; 4 - anizocytic; 5 - tetracyclines; 5 - encyclical.

Anomotic type of stomatal apparatus is special for all groups of roslin, horsetails. Some of the clients in the whole range are not recognized as any of the clients. Dіаtsіtny the type is characterized by two separate cells, which grow perpendicular to the stomatal cavity. The whole type of manifestations in some quinta roslin, zokrem, in large lipocytes (m'ata, shavlya, thyme, motherboard) and cloves. at paralytic type of two side cells grow in parallel with the stagnant і stomatal line. The knowledge of ferns, horsetails and a number of quilt roses. Anizotsitny the type of manifestations of tilka in quilt roslin, zokrem, vin is seen in chrestotsvitnyh (gritziki, zhovtushnik) and pasllonovyh (blecota, dope, belladon). In general, there are three small cells, one of which is significantly larger for any other. Tetratsitnym the type of the stomatal apparatus is characterized by overly monocotyledonous. at encyclical type of small-scale clientele will establish a circle in the center of the wandering clientele. A similar structure is known in ferrutes, holonasin and deyaky kvitkovyh.

The mechanism of the collapse of the clutter of the clinging clientele on the fact that the walls of the clan are irresistible, that the form of clientele changes with the change in volume. Zmіna obsyagu klіtin osmoticheskogo apparatus vіdbuvaєtsya vіdbuvatsya wіth wіth osmotic grip. To improve the grip of being able to actively pursue the cultivation of susceptible cells, as well as to increase the concentration of candies, to establish itself in the process of photosynthesis. For a rakhunok, the necessary vodi obsyag vacuoles grow, the turgor grip grows, and the stomatal slit grows. When they see them, they passively, water flows out of the quiescent cells, their problems change, and the stomatal wall curls up. Most of the roses have food in the light hour to finish and close at night. It is tied to this, that the photosynthesis is against only the light, and for the new necessary reflux from the atmosphere in carbon dioxide.

The number of stomata rose even more in fallowness according to the type of growth and ecological minds. For a large number of roses, the number becomes 100-700 per 1 mm 2 of the surface of the sheet. For the rest of the food, the epidermis efficiently regulates gas exchange and transpiration. As the food grows up, then transpiration goes away from the same speed, as if the epidermis didn’t get too fast (according to Dalton's law, with one and the same total number of openings in the food) When the food is too low, transpiration decreases sharply and in fact can only go through the cuticle.

At the bagatokh roslin epidermis, I have approved one or the other - trichomes. Trichomes grow to extreme agility, becoming too stylish and typical for singing species, births and homelands at the same hour. To that, the signs of trichomes are widely recognized in the systematics of roslin and in pharmacognosis in the quality of diagnostics.

Trichomes for: 1) cry i 2) zalizist. zalizist trichomes make speeches, as they look like a vision. The stench will be displayed in the rosette assigned to the visible fabrics.

Coverts trichomes may look at a glance of simple, hairless hairs, one or two ( Small. 3.8). Covering trichomes can become alive for a trivial hour;

A thick ball of hairs depicts a part of sleepy exchanges and changes in heat, leading to a calm expanse close to epidermis, which in the end reduces transpiration. Often, the hairs are set to twist only there, de-spreading the food, on the lower side of the leaf of the mother-and-machuha, bagna. The rough, prickly hairs capture the growths of the creatures, the papillae on the peels grab comas.

Small. 3.8. Covering trichomes: 1-3 - simple one-liner, 4 - simple bagatoclatinny, 5 - gilyaste bagatoclatinny, 6 - simple two-horned, 7.8 - sparse (in the plan and on the transverse leaf size).

From trichomes, when only from epidermal cells are established, later on emergences, In the formulated which take on the fate of the larger fabrics. Before them, the thorns of Trojandi, raspberries, ogini are introduced, and the petioles of the leaves and young pagony are curled.

Before second we will lay down the fabric: 1) periderm i 2) pick, abo rіtіdom.

periderm- foldable bagatosharova pokrivna fabrics, yak to come to the first pokrivny fabrics - rhizoderm and epiderma. The peridermis covers the root of the secondary budov and the stems of the bagatorial pagones. You can win as a result of the collection of fabrics from the wound by the meristem.

Peridermis is stored in three complexes of cells, growing for budget and functions. Tse: 1) fellam, abo Cork, Шо виконує госні given functions; 2) phellogen, abo cortical cambium, For the rakhunok of robots, which asserts itself as a periderm as a whole; 3) phellodermie, abo cork parenchyma, Wikonu function of feeding phellogen ( Small. 3.9).

Small. 3.9. Budova perіdermi of elderberry stems .

Fellema (Cork) to be stored from decal balls of tabular cells, rostasovanih shilno, without intercellular spaces. Secondary classrooms are stored with balls of suberin and wax, so that they are impenetrable for water and gas. The corks are dead, the stench does not smell the protoplast and the stinks. Empty cells can also receive speeches, so that the power of the plugs can be increased.

Phellogen (cortical cambium)- secondary lateral meristem. There is one ball of meristematic cells, which is used to put cells of corks named and cells of felloderm in the middle of the organ. Fellodermi (cork parenchyma) to be carried to the main tissues and stored from live parenchymal cells. However, often phellogen is done one-sidedly, pulling out only a cork, and phelloderm getting one-ball ( Small. 3.9).

Head function traffic jams - zahist іd vtrati vologi. In addition, the cork protects the growing line from the penetration of ailing organisms, and also gives the mechanic of stoves and woods, and the phellogen zalikovs of the ear, fixing new cork balls. Oscillations of cork corks are stored in the morning, the cork case has little heat conductivity and good protection from high temperatures.

At a large number of trees and chagarniks, phellogen is laid in single-tree pagons even in the middle of the lithium. Most often winnicks are from parenchymal cells, which lie immediately in front of the epidermis ( Small. 3.9). Inodi phellogen is set in large balls of measles (currants, raspberries). Ridko epidermal cells, for example, are transformed into phellogen (willow, quince, oleander).

Gas exchange and transpiration in organs, covered by the periderm, are transported through lentils(Small. 3.10). The corks of the lentils have the balls of roses and they are guarded by the parenchymal clitines, fluffy by themselves. For the intercellulars of the tsієї vikonuє fabrics circulate gases. Fellogen to lay down a viscous cloth and, in the world, add new balls. At the beginning of the cold season, phellogen will be added to the vison by the fabric ball, Scho to be stored from cork cork. Hanging the ball under the pressure of the new clitin to be opened. In the quiescent balls, there are not large intercellular spaces, so the living tissues of the trees are not interconnected tightly from the midst of the trees.

Small. 3.10. Budova elderberry lentils on a transverse rose.

On young pagons of lentils, yak little humps can be seen. In the world of persuasion, giloks change their form. The stench of the birch tree spreads out over the stake of a stove-burr and makes the characteristic babies of black marks on a white aphid. At the wasps, lentils take the shape of rhombuses.

Near a large village of roslin, for a change of smooth periderm, come trischinuvata kirka (ritidom)... At a pine tree it grows at 8-10th rock, at an oak - at 25-30 rockets, at a hornbeam - at 50 rockets. Leave the children of the trees (osika, beech, sycamore, eucalyptus) the kirka vzagalі does not pretend.

Kirka vinikє as a result of the bagatoraz laying of new prods in the peridermi in all large measles balls. Live the cells, put them in the crimson balls, go. In such a rank, the pick is stored from the balls of the cork and the other tissues of measles ( Small. 3.11).

Small. 3.11. Pick of oak on cross-section .

The dead tissue of the pick cannot be stretched out, following the pull of the stovbur, so on the stove there are tremors, which, however, do not reach the clay living tissue. The cordon between periderma and kirkoy calls is reminiscent of the appearance of tricky grooves, the border is especially clear at the birch, at the birch bark (periderm) there is a black tricky crinkle. Tovsta kirka nadіyno oberіgaє stovburi trees from mechanical pozhkodzheni, lisovyh pozhezh, rіzkoy changes in temperatures.