All to talk about a piece of intelligence. In simple words, it’s clear. So also a piece-piece intellect (ШІ): the value of a witness in simple words.
Piece of Intellect(II, artificial intelligence, AI) - the whole science of the establishment of intellectual technologies and computer programs.
A piece of intellect of a clear connection from the minds of the mind of a human intellect for the additional help of computer technologies. At the present moment it is impossible to say exactly how calculating methods can be called intellectual. One mechanism for displaying intelligence for intelligence, intelligence. Nowadays the time in the programs to vikoristovuyutsya methods, but not in people.
Piecemeal intelligence directly, as a solution to the tasks of intellectual activity of people. A piece of intelligence of recreating to the visibility of creative workers in the region, knowledge about yaku to be in the intellectual system of programs - base knowledge.
Z tsymi knowledge of pratsyuє mechanizm programs - Virishuvach Zavdan... Let me help lyudin to recognize the result of the robot by programs through the intellectual interface. The result of the programs of a piece of intelligence, є the creation of an intellectual world of any kind.
One of the main powers of the piece intellect is the building up to samonavchannya. In pershu cherga, tse euristic- without interruption in the creation of programs, the formation of the process of knowledge and power goals, analysis and learning of one's own knowledge.
A scientific direct vivch piece-piece intellect has begun to emerge a long time ago:
- philosophers thought about the knowledge internal light people
- psychologists vivchali mislennya people
- mathematicians got busy
Nezabarom, bully sverenі pershі computers, as they allowed the viconuvati to be counted obganyayuchi on shvidkostі people. Todi began to ask food: what is it about the possibilities of computers and how can the stench reach the level of people?
Alan Turing is an English scientist, a pioneer of numerical technology, having written the article "How can a misleading machine?" Tsey method, having named it - Turing test.
The essence of the method of polarity is that the people have been sent from a handful of food to the computer, then to the food of the other people, but I don’t know if they have supplied them with food. As soon as people are not aware of the machine when they are connected to the computer's power supply, then the Turing test can be passed by those who are successful, like those who have a computer with a piece of intellect.
In such a rank, as the computer is vyavlyaє it is similar to human behavior in any natural situations and building dialogue with people, then we can say that it’s a piece of intelligence. Another transferring method of visualization is an intelligent machine, the whole process of building up to creativity and the ability to perceive.
If you have no problems with children, you will be able to get a piece of intellect.
symbolic pidhid
The symbolic pidhid became the first in the digital era of machines. After writing the system of moving symbols to Lisp, we started before implementing the Intellect. Symbolic pidhid vikorize weakly formalized statements. Leave it to the intellectual robot and tied with the creativity of the building vikonuvati only lyudin. The robot of computers in a straight line ahead of time and on the day can not be seen without the participation of people.
Symbolic calculations helped to set the rules for the revision of the item in the process of verification computer programs... However, it has become possible to see only the simplest work, and when there are any folding tasks, it is necessary to connect people again. By such a rank, such systems do not allow them to be called intellectual, because they do not allow them to be able to see the new ones.
logical pidhid
Logical development of ideas for the model of the world and the storage of the logical program. For example, mova programm The prologue of writing on a set of rules for a logical setting without harsh last days to achieve the result.
Agent-based organization pidhid
Agent-based organization of images on the basis of methods to assist in the visualization of intelligence in in the midst of the midst for reaching singing results. The computer sprym its own development and infusion on new for additional delivery methods.
hybrid pidhid
Hybrid pidhid includes expert rules, which can be created using neural framing, and generate rules for the addition of statistical analysis.
model of the mirkuvan
There is such a straight line at the vivchenna piece intellectu, like the model of the mirkuvan. Denmark directly includes a branch of symbolic systems for staging a project and a solution. The task was set to blame the buty transferred to mathematical form... At the same time, she has no more algorithm for the translation through folding. The model of the world is to avenge the bringing of theorems, taking decisions, planning, forecasting, etc.
Processing natural movi
One more important thing directly to the piece іntelektu є processing natural movi On how to be afraid of the analysis and processing of texts with a sound for people. Meta tsiogo straight - a shaping of natural movi for an independent pribangenya knowledge. Dzherelom information can be the text of introductions to the program or from the Internet.
Presentation and vikorystannya knowledge
Engineering knowledge is a direct way of rejecting knowledge from information, its systematization, and further away from the establishment for new projects. For the help of special databases, knowledge of expert systems and data for the process of knowing the decisions of the buildings.
machine now
One of the main reasons for individual intelligence is the ability of a car to self-service without the need for a handler. Prior to the machine knowledge, the definition of images is carried out: the definition of symbols, text and mov. People are connected to a computer star connected to robotics.
Biological model II
Isnu such a straight line, yak quasi-biological paradigm, Yake inakshe be called Biocomputing... Daniy is right in the piece of intelligence in the development of computers and technologies for the production of living organisms and biological components - biocomputers.
robotics
The field of robotics is tightly tied to piece intelligence. The power of a piece-piece intellect is also necessary for robots in order to view the powerless industrial enterprises. For example, for the purpose of navigating and visualizing one's own movement, embedding objects and planning one's own change.
Areas of supplying piece-to-person intelligence
A piece of intelligence is set up with the mark of virishuvati zdannya ziznichny regions:
- Intelligent systems for education and repair.
- Synthesis and recognition of the text and human movement and recognition in customer service systems.
- Systems for the detection of images of vicorizing in systems of safety, with optical and acoustic detection, medical diagnostics, systems for determining goals.
- Computer games have a system of SHI for the development of game strategy, for the purpose of characterization, the knowledge of the path in the open space.
- System of algorithmic trading and acceptance of solutions.
- Financial systems for consulting and financial management.
- Robots to be victorious in industry for the revision of folding routine buildings: robots for looking after ailments, robots for consultants, and also engaging in activities that are not safe for the life of people: robots, shovels, robots, miners.
- Human resource management and recruiting, re-examination and ranking of candidates, forecasting the success of athletes.
- Systems for detecting and filtering spam in e-mail.
There are far from all regions, it is possible to have a piece-piece intellect.
Infection of the stem of a piece of intelligence є one of the most important tasks of the people. However, there is no single point of view on those that can be played with an intellect, but not. Bagato pitan wiklikayut supercircuits and sumnivi. How can the root of the intellectual mind be raised, how can the problems of people be solved and respected? Reason, do not add emotions to the health of the living organism. Not yet an hour, if it is tse pobachimo.
A piece-piece intel is not possible, piece-piece intel is a piece of information.
Hearing, the ability to speak, sound and predictive insight is based on victorian stocks (CNN and RNN), as well as technologies for processing natural language (NLP), which add one to one. Additional technologies can be used to access Alexa, Siri, Google Now, Cortana and other intelligent voice assistants.
What are the programs to be victorious for stem II?
Explore dozens of frameworks for distribution II, but the list includes only new ones.
KERAS
A library of Python-based neural fences with readable output code, as can be used for Microsoft CNTK (Cognitive Toolkit), Tensorflow and other middleware controls.
KERAS is the best for beginners.
TENSORFLOW
Tensorflow is the most suitable medium for the development of piecemeal intelligence, like vicoristic methods of machine learning, such as neuron hedgehogs.
Tensorflow has been broken up by the Google Brain team, the very framework for auto-completion of phrases in the text field of the Google sound system, as well as the second additions to Google.
SONNET
Created by the Google DeepMind team, Sonnet is a library that works on top of TensorFlow to induce foldable neural framing for a glitchy experience. SONNET is the best choice for smart devices in the field of piece intelligence and even foldable for newbies.
CNTK (Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit)
Previously, the visualization of CNTK, the Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit of targeting with the algorithms of misleading as a human brain. Win smallness, scalability, quality and consistency with C ++ and Python. Microsoft vikoristo yogo for AI functions in Skype, Cortana and Bing.
Microsoft CNTK allows users to combine popular models of global networks, such as DNN, CNN and RNN.
PYTORCH
Pytorch is a machine library with live code for Python, based on Torch, a Victorian natural language processing (NLP) technology.
DL4J (Deeplearning4j)
Deeplearning4j - a library with an open source code for the development of the second one in the list of new methods. Written specifically for Java and JVM (Java Virtual Machine).
DL4J is based on the power library of numerical computations and can be done on the CPU or on the GPU.
Є still bagato middle-class for rozrobok piece іntelektu. In a nutshell, ONNX, a platform of great networking, splintered by Facebook and Microsoft, as well as a lot of others: H2O, DSSTNE, Theano, DeepDetect, ConvNetJS, ACT-R, Caffe and CaffeOnSpark.
MXNET
Apache MXNET is a middleware program with great navchannels for the development of neural framing. I have a scaled model for creating, as I will adapt a number of programs for developing AI: Go, R, Scala, Perl, C ++, Python, Julia, Matlab, JavaScript, and a project with a view of the output code.
MXNET vikoristovuutsya for rozgortannya neural netting in services for hosting hosting, such as AWS and Microsoft Azure.
De vikoristovutsya piece іntelekt?
Іntelektualnі systems and stagnate in different areas and spheres. You can find it in voices, in trading robots, in retail boxes and so far. Let's make our way through the most important.
voices
Voice assistants based on piece intelligence, such as Siri, Google Now, Alexa, Bixby and Cortana. Smell to hear, how to speak koristuvach, how to transform the language into machine-reading vector, because of what the vector appears, which is voiced by the assistant for help Natural Language Processing (NLP).
smart friends
Autodesk Eva is an intelligent assistant, which is a vikorist CNN and NLP for interaction with clients in real time.
A smart assistant, 3D modeling, can conduct a dialogue with a client in real-time mode and adapt it to your face.
safe cars
Safety-free car traffic radar, LIDAR (light detector and distance visitor), GPS and camera for the release of trivial models are approaching transport vehicles. All tsі tsі danі to be combined for viznachennya mіstsya roztashuvannya transport zasobu with even high precision. The water is displayed II, which analyzes all the information that comes from the sensors.
delineation of the guise
The development of a piece-piece intel on the basis of CNN has broken down the possibility of the implementation of the system and the development of specific features.
Not long ago, in China, they started to see a system of detecting people behind the scenes of video surveillance throughout the whole place, imposing a fine for breaking the rules of the road traffic. Alibaba Stores in China to showcase a specific image for displaying a rahunku.
balance
Balancing the installation on roads, transport systems, servers and so far.
movn_ shifting
Google transfers є good butt. There are two modules: encoder and decoder. The blower will keep the input propositions from promulgated to the text, and then translate the vector, which is the same format for the input from the text.
The decoder module accepts the vector in the quality of the input data, and then generates the text of the abomov on the whole. Rsp_znavannya movi vіdbuvaєt for help RNN, visnovok movi visit vikonuyu for help NLP.
Shot and analysis of the image
Possibility and analysis of the image will be used for converting the plugin,
joke of people, for SEO purposes, joke of imaginative content in social framing.
Optimization for the best results
Modules Deepmind bully navchenі grі in checks, Go, Dota 2, Starfield 2.
Ts modules scolded іgor for hundreds of rockets in all for the number of modern times, which called AI to peremogi over the smallest gravels in the world.
Surely, not all spheres of storing II. In the world of development of technologies and health II, the sphere of storage of intellectual systems will only expand.
There is also a tendency to develop technologies to be careful, or to hurry up, fearing that we will meet the times, if computers become smarter people, and all services, systems, and so that they will be connected to the centralized management system.
You can be tsikavo:
A piece of intelligence is a technology that will definitely be taken away with us in the future.
Rozpovіdaєmo, yak vіn pratsyu and yakі cool options zasosuvannya znayshov.
😎 Heading "Technologies" go to work for re: Store.
SCHO is a piece of intelligence
Piecewise intelligence (ШІ) - the technology of the establishment of intelligent programs and machines, which can provide the creation of creative work and generate new information on the basis of obviousness. In fact, a piece of intellect of model calls and human performance, as it is vvazhaєtsya intellectually.
Traditionally, I respected that creativity is not attracted only by people. Aleksei of the piece intellect changed the order of speeches
A robot, which is just a mechanical wheel of firewood, but not overwhelmed. II. The robot, which itself is nagging to chop wood, marvel at the butt of the people, or on the half of the first part, and with the skin at once to rob the price all the more beautifully, Volodya II.
As long as the program is just a matter of being based on the rules, it’s not overused. II. Also, the system of writing new programs, methods and documents, top-level management, won the second.
Yak to open the system of piece intellectu
The global sensitization needs a model of human misery. But for the most part, it is necessary to open a black box - a system, as in the collection of input values I saw such important values, as bullets are similar to the results of people. And for us, behind the great rakhunk, baiduzh, we see her “in the head” (between the entrance and the exit).
The systems of piece intelligence are set up for the broadcasting of the singing class of tasks
The basis of a piece-piece intellect is navchannya, uyavu, sprynattya and memory
First, it’s necessary to develop a piece of intelligence - to develop functions, so that information can be taken out, so it’s possible to create a system of data. Poten - functions that implement the building until the beginning. First, the system was able to collect information, and it was removed in the process of starting.
When the function is set up. Smell you can model the situation with obvious tributes and add new information (tributes and rules) to memory.
Navchannya buvaє inductive and deductive. In the inductive version of the system, they bet on incoming and outgoing tributes, food and reports, etc. The system is guilty of knowing the connection between the data and the common, vicarious and regularity, knows the data from the input.
The deductive approach (Hello, Sherlock Holmes!) Vin is transferred to the yak base knowledge system. Here є not only get the money, but the rules are ready, which will help you to know the decision behind the mind.
V modern systems piece to intellect vikoristovuyt resentment pidhodi. In addition, make sure the system is ready to start, or just keep reading it in the process of the robot. It is important to ensure that the program at the start showed a year-round level of health, but in the past it became more beautiful. For example, you wondered if you were fond of and overwhelmed, changing the situation and in.
In the system of piece intelligence, it is possible to set the value of non-transmission. Tse blast yogo more like a ludin.
Chomu piece Intellect peremahak lyudyni
First for everything, that is, at the bottom of the pardon.
- A piece intellect cannot be forgotten - the memory of a new one is absolute.
- Win can not hatefully ignore the factor and debris - in the skin dermis ІІ.
- ІІ not to get lost, but to assess the quality of life and try to get big. That can be true skinny croc.
- And yet, the second is dumb emotsiy. This means that the stench is not injected into the accepted solution.
- A piece of intelligence does not focus on evaluating the results of a stream crochet, but thinks over a bit ahead.
- First of all, you have a new source of resources, so you can see all the possible options for the development of pods.
Cool options for storing piece to intellect
Looks like a piece of intelligence can do anything. Make sure to correctly formulate the designation and preserve it with cobbled data. Until then, the second can be robbed of unsupported visnovka and shukati regularities there, de, good luck, it’s dumb.
Look at the food
A group of pre-existing ones with the help of Devida Feruchchy's kernel broke the Watson supercomputer with a power-up system. The system, named after the first president of IBM, Thomas Watson, can be reasonably fed to the natural world and news on them in the database.
Watson has 90 IBM p750 servers, in the skin they are installed on a choice of eight-core POWER7 architecture processor. The general report of the operational memory of the system is 15 TB.
The number of Watson has a win in the group "Jeopardy!" (American "Svoya gra"). Winner of two brightest gravitas: Volodar of the greatest winners Brad Rutter and the record holder for the most unprogrammed seria Ken Jennings.
Watson Prize - $ 1 million. True, only in 2014 they invested 1 billion in new
In addition, Watson takes care of its fate in diagnostics of oncological ailments, in addition to helping financial specialists to study for the analysis of great tributes.
delineation of the guise
In the iPhone X, the design is divided into several neurorecords - a version of the system and piece of intelligence. Neurological algorithms are implemented on the basis of the A11 Bionic processor, which is efficiently applied with the technology of machine technology.
Neural networks run up to 60 billion operations per second. Tsyogo enough, proanal_zuvati up to 40 yew. Key points on the guise and secure the exact identification of the owner in a fraction of a second.
If you put on the eyepieces, the iPhone X will know you. It’s just not a hair cut and accessories, but an analysis of the area from the skin to the skin and from the skin to the loss of the lower lip.
Economy of energy
I know Apple. The iPhone X was equipped with an intelligent system, as a result of the activity of the installed additional data and the sensor, so that you can see your daily routine.
For the iPhone X, for example, I will proponent it to you at the earliest possible hour. It’s awful moment, if you have a stable Internet, and not a streaming signal from mobile vizoks, if you don’t see the terms of the new ones or the important buildings.
ІІ also developed the development of the processor cores. So, I will be sure to have enough strain with minimal energy vitrates.
pictures
Creativity, earlier accessible only to people, from the criterion and for the II. So, the system, launched by the precursors from the Rutgers University in New Jersey and the AI laboratory in Los Angeles, presented a powerful artistic style.
And the system of piece-wise іntelektu іd Microsoft can draw pictures by їх text description. For example, if you ask the second namalyuvati “to chew the bird with black krill and a short dziob”, it appears on the eye:
Such birds can and do not sleep in real light- just like that їх representє our computer.
Big masovy butt - a supplement of Prisma, I am opening pictures with photographs:
music writing
Serpny has a piece Intellect Amper, produced and played the music for the album "I AM AI"
Amper was broken up by a team of professional musicians and technological experts. The stench is obvious that the second call to help people push the creative process forward.
II can write music in a few seconds
Amper self-styled chord structures and instrumental in the track "Break Free". People have only slightly corrected the style and rhythm.
Another butt is a musical album in the "Civil Defense" series, texts for writing II. The experiment was carried out by Yandex specialists Ivan Yamshchikov and Oleksiy Tikhonov. Album of 404 groupies "Neuronna oborona" was wicked in fancywork. Viyshlo in dusi Lutova:
In the middle of the program, the longs went and the second writings went in the doorway of Kurt Cobain. Musician Rob Carrol wrote the music for some short texts and added the tracks to the Neurona album. They knew the clue for one song - however, even without the participation of II:
the establishment of texts
Writers and journals can also be substituted for II. For example, Dewey systems "zgoduvali" library books to the "Gutenberg" project, then added scientific texts Google Scholar, ranked by popularity and title, as well as selling on Amazon. In addition, they set the criteria for writing a new book.
The site has been promoted to people to take a decision in difficult situations: for example, putting їх on the place of water, which one must kill, either three grown-ups, or two children. With such a rank, the Moral Machine was forced to accept a difficult decision, such as violating the law of robotics about those that a robot cannot bring people to school.
Why should robots bring about ІІ people? Futurists vvazhayut, once the stench to become members of the suspension. For example, the robot Sophia of the Hong Kong company Hanson Robotics has already rejected the bulk of the Saudi Arabia (at the same time, there is no such right among the elite women in the land!).
If New York Times columnist Andrew Ross has powered Sophia's mind and self-awareness, she has given her food:
Let me power you up, you know, who are you?
Besides, Sophia stated:
I want to vikoristovuvati my own piece of intellect, to help people live more beautifully, for example, to design more intelligent buddies, to be a city of maybutny. I want to be a cute robot. If you will be kindly put to me, I will be kindly put to you.
And before you won’t know how to hate people and see people in danger ...
Replacement of specials in video
Deepfakes-video has become massively wider in fancy. The algorithms of the piece intelligence replaced the individuals of the actors in the films for the grown-ups to face the young.
The process is like this: the neural network analyzes the fragments of the specials on the cob roller. Then you can save your photos from Google and videos from YouTube, add the necessary fragments, and ... your actress is fond of appearing in a movie that can't be more beautiful with robots.
PornHub already zaboroniv rosmіshchuvati takі video
Deepfakes turned out to be a pretty cool thing. One on the right is an abstract actress, іnshe - a video with you, your squad, your sister, a wheel, as much as you can vikoristovuvatisya for blackmail.
birzhova trade
A group of preliminaries from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Nymechchin has broken a number of algorithms, so that the archival data of markets for circulation of investments in real time is broken. One of the models secured 73% of the investment turnover from 1992 to 2015, so it is possible to compare with the real market value at a rate of 9% on the market.
The market was shaking in 2000 and 2008 rock, the arrival of the bull was a record - 545% and 681% according to
In 2004, Goldman Sachs launched the Kensho trading platform based on a piece of intelligence. On the cryptocurrency markets there are also systems on the basis of II for trading on markets - Mirocana, etc. The stench is more beautiful than living traders, so as to relieve emotions and spiral into a readable analysis and strict rules.
Chi to replace ІІ us with you
A piece of intellect turns people upside down in solving tasks, which are tied to the analysis of great tributes, clear logic and the need to remember great information. Ale in the creative contests of lyudin poki vigraє at II.
(4.75 z 5, estimated: 8 ) 
It seems that in the nadra of the Vyskovy laboratories the piece Intellect has been working since 2007. You can, as well as results. It’s not out of the question that Ilon Musk voiced about the adoption of anti-tech technologies for piece intelligence and the contribution of 7 million dollars in advance in the whole region.
“I am a savvy person, it’s not safe to have a meal in the best five rocks. Naybilshe - ten rock ”, - said the priest in the discussion on the site edge.org.
Ilon Musk, the forerunner of Tesla and SpaceX
Solidarity with Mask і Stev Wozniak, who vvazhaє, that "piece intellect one time will become smart enough to be smart about people." Bill Gates of endeavors that it is not controllable at the second stage, then "a piece of intelligence evolving in the camp, conflating with the goals of human systems." I, nareshty, celebrity astrophysicist Steven Hawking bluntly stating that "a piece of intellect can defy the edge of humanity."
Spilno with Ilona Mask Hawking published on the website futureoflife.org on the screen with a click to scientific spirit-making respectfully put up to the progress of their achievements in the field of piece intelligence. However, the middle, who signed the name of Sergiy Brin and Larry Page. And it’s not vipadkovo. Recently, Google has announced the launch of a new ІІ, prompted by the model of rozmovy.
The axis is a small fragment of the google drive:
H: Who has a sense of life?
M .: Do good.
H: For whom is it alive?
M .: Shcheb zhiti vіchno.
Ch.: Who has the sensation?
M.: In that, where is the zyasuvati, how to eat, if the planet Earth can reach it.
H: Do you know children at a time?
M .: In the center of empty.
Ch.: Who has the sense of death?
M.: Schob otrimati life.
H: Who has a sense rosum?
M.: In that, in the eye of the eye, very well.
Ch.: Who has the senses?
M .: I don't know.
The whole message has been comprehended. “Tse vіdpravna point, a perfect haircut for a single piece intellectu, - vvazhaє viconavchy director of the company" Biplan "Evgen Karyuk. - Already this year it is possible to let it go, until 2030 is rocky by the way real prototypes, Above іlenі piece іntelektom, let it go in the cob stage ".
You can be amazed at the new change in all the sizes of people and machines in Google. There is also a cleverbot. Cleverbot is a web-based supplement that uses algorithms for piece-specific intelligence for chatting with people. Yogo having invented Rollo Carpenter's teachings in 1988. For the entire hour of its operation, Cleverbot has provided over 65 million roses to people. In 2011, Cleverbot showed 51% on the Turing test.
The Turing test is an empirical test, the idea of a bull was propounded by Alan Turing in the article "Calculating Machines and Rose", published in 1950 in the philosophical journal Mind. Meta test is z'yasuvati, who can think of a computer.
And my axis is rozmova from Cleverbot:
Ludina: Who has a sense of life?
Cleverbot: Sensu in the life of the dumb.
Lyudina: For whom is it alive?
Cleverbot: Well, lively touch someone, but as it happens, there’s a lot of life.
Lyudina: Who has a sensation?
Lyudina: Do you know children at once?
Cleverbot: At Moscow.
Lyudina: Who has the sense of death?
Cleverbot: I want to power you up.
Ludina: Who has a sense rosum?
Cleverbot: I have my own view on the food price.
Lyudina: Who has the senses?
Cleverbot: Now I was born.
Obviously, the Google Machine has more feedback. Cleverbot presented the phrases of other people on your mind. It’s just something to be built, but not more than that.
Є y іnsha point of view, it’s a good idea that a piece of intellect is unsparing in principle. The main argument is often to suggest Gödel's incompleteness theorem. The essence of the field is that people are very good at solving problems algorithmically, and the computer is dumb. “The child is already up to three rocky, it’s been virishu zavdannya, the stygliy fruit is chi ni, due to the fact that there are no neuronal cues, for other reasons, there are some other ways of thinking about food: color, taste, smell, kazhe Eugen Pluzhnik, the first vice-rector of Moskovsky Technological Institute... - Is there a good car in sight? Excitement, well! As soon as you have a great image base, you can freeze instead of fructose and the strength of the fruit. Would you like to, like a machine put a sponge in a blue color and leaked with liquorice? Would you like a good car at the moment before the right decision? "
“An awesome computer can easily fit in with any kind of folding action, whether it’s a shah or a mathematical calculation, but if you’re thinking about it, you can describe it with the help of clear numerical rules.” “Piece-by-piece intelligence is the power of the system and it’s possible to set up programs for an hour, to create a new class of folding, - vvazhaє Eugen Pluzhnik. - I hope that in the closest 100 rockies it will not be possible to show a strong piece of intellect. "
First of all - one more feed to Cleverbot.
Lyudina: Bulo 1 apple, 1 tomato, 1 ogirok and 1 pear. Whole fruit?
Cleverbot: Ten years of the evening.
Piece of Intellect
A piece of intelligence - a branch of informatics, which gives you the ability to secure intelligent worlds and go for additional numerical systems and other piece attachments. At the same time, in a large number of cases, the algorithm for solving the problem is out-of-the-box.
The exact value of the world of science is not clear, since in philosophy it is not about nature and the status of human intelligence. There is no exact criterion for reaching intelligent computers, I want a number of hypotheses at the dawn of the piece intelligence, for example, the Turing test or the Newell - Simon hypothesis. At the present moment, it has come to a state of mind until the second stage, as well as the beginning of the intellectual systems.
So, one of the classifications of the video, two go to the outlet ШІ:
recession, semiotic - the root of symbolic systems, which simulate high-level mental processes: misinformation, peace, mova, emotsii, creativity, etc.;
visceral, biological - the development of neural framing and evolutionary calculation, which model intellectual behavior on the basis of more other "non-intellectual" elements.
This science is tied to psychology, neurophysiology, transhumanism and others. Yak and all computers of science, there is a vikorist mathematical apparatus. Especially important for her is philosophy and robotics.
Piece-piece Intellect - the region of Doslidzhen is even young, the start of which was given in 1956. Ї іstorichniy shlyakh nagaduє sinusoidu, skin "wicked" what kind of new idea. At the present moment, the development is on the "decline", acting as a goal of achieving the same results in the other fields of science, industry, business and bringing the common life.
Go to vivchennya
Snuyut ізні go to induce the SHI systems. For a given moment, you can see 4 new ones:
1. Logic pidhid. Boolean algebra serves as the basis for a logical approach. The skin programmer knows with her and with logical operators, if he has mastered the IF operator. Boolean algebra has rejected a new development from the number of predicates - for example, the introduction of subject symbols has been expanded for the introduction of subject symbols, among them, quantifiers in the sense of obscurity. Practically, the skin system SHI, prompted by a logical principle, is a machine for bringing theorems. At the same time, the data are stored in the base of the data in the view of axioms, the rules of the logical setting are taken from them. In addition, such a skin machine can generate a block of generation, and the system is designed to bring the given meta yak theorem. As soon as the meta has been completed, then the routing of the fixed rules allows you to correct the lanes that are necessary for the implementation of the supplied meta (such a system is formed as an expert system). The need for such a system is due to the possibilities of the generator of goals and the machine for bringing theorems. Strive for a greater difference in the logical approach, allowing the same straightforwardly new approach, as a lack of logic. The main idea is that the truthfulness of being licked can be taken in this picture so / ni (1/0) of the other intermediate meaning - I don’t know (0.5), the patient is shvidshe alive, not dead (0.75), 0.25). Daniy pidhid is more similar to the people’s target, the ogres of wine for food are rarely seen as well.
2. With a structural approach to the world, here try to inspire the model of the structure of the human brain with a walk. One of the first such probes is Frank Rosenblatt's perceptron. The main model is a structural unit in perceptrons (as in most of the brain models) є neuron. More and more models, as well as more in terms of neuron measures (NS). Tsi models are developed for the budget of the neurons, for the topology of the connections between them and for the algorithms of the neurons. In the midst of the most common variants of the NS, it is possible to name the NS with the revolving extensions of the grave, Hopfield's hedge, stochastic neuron hedge. In a wider sense of this kind of perception of connectivity.
3. Evolutionary pidhid. When prompting the systems of II from this approach, the main respect is to come to the prompting of the cob model, and the rules, for which you can change (evolution). Moreover, the model can be composed of very flexible methods, as well as a set of logical rules and a model. When a computer is turned on, a computer and a wine are included, at the time of the revision of models, the most beautiful ones are selected from them, at the display of which, according to the very rules, new models are generated. Genetic algorithm is used in the middle of evolutionary algorithms
4. Імітаційний підхід. Daniy pidkhid є is classic for cybernetics with one of the basic ones to understand the black box. Ob'єkt, the behavior of someone who is going to take on, is being a "black box". It is not important for us that the new and the model are all in the middle and in the function, smut, but our model behaved exactly the same way in similar situations. This rank here is modeled on the power of the people - the quality of copying those who do not let the details go, is most importantly needed. Most often it is possible to save one hour, especially on the cob of one's life.
Within the framework of hybrid intellectual systems, one can get connected directly. Expert rules for thinking can be generated by neural framing, and rules can be created using statistical data.
Bagatoobіtsyauchiy new pidhіd, ranks for beating the intellect, looking at reaching the II in the process of evolutive development as a side effect of enforcing the human intellect with technologies.
Straight Doslidzhen
Analyzing the history of II, you can see just as much directly as the model of the world. Dovhy rocky development of the chain of science collapsed by itself, and now one of the most important regions in the current II. The model of mirkuvan is based on respect for the establishment of symbolic systems, at the inputs of which a task is set, and at the outlets it is necessary to have a solution. As a rule, the proponation is already formalized, that is, it is translated into mathematical form, albeit the algorithm does not need to be solved, but it is difficult to fold, laborious, and so on. and dispatching, forecasting.
It is important to directly є the processing of natural language, within the framework of which an analysis of the possibilities of intelligence, processing and generation of texts on the "human" language is carried out. Zokrema, here the problem of machine translation of texts from one move to another is not yet visible. The modern society has a great role in the development of methods of information joke. For its nature, the original Turing test of dressings is straightforward.
As far as the thought of the people in charge, the important power of the intellect and the state of mind until the beginning of the day. In such a rank, the first plan is to enter the engineering of knowledge, so that it is common to reject knowledge from simple information, its systematization and victoriousness. Achievement in the whole region will earn as much as all of them directly to the second. Here, too, it is impossible not to mention two important sub-areas. The first of them - machine learning - is to embrace the process of independent rejection of knowledge by the intellectual system in the process of robotics. Others are tied to the roots of expert systems - programs that can be used to create special knowledge bases for rejecting reliable visitor systems for some kind of problem.
Great achievements in the field of biological systems modeling. Strictly apparent, here it is possible to introduce a few separate strands. Neural networks can be used for the detection of unclear and folding problems, such as the recognition of geometric figures or clustering of objects. Genetic input of ideas on ideas, which algorithm can be more effective, as it can detect the shortest characteristics of the other algorithms ("father"). Obviously, it’s a new idea, if it is set up to start an autonomous program - an agent, together with a call from the middle, is called an agent-based approach. And if the proper rank of zmusiti masu is "no worse than intellectual" agents in conjunction with one another, then it is possible to reject "murashiniy" intelligence.
The management of the design of images is also partly displayed within the framework of the same directions. Here, the definition of symbols, handwritten text, movs, analysis of texts is presented. Especially varto zgadaty computer zir, like tied with machine tools and robotics.
In zagalі, robotics and piecemeal intelligence often associate one with one. Integration of two sciences, the leg of intelligent robots, can be done in one straight line II.
Okremo trim machine creativity, in conjunction with it, the nature of human creativity is less vivchen, the nature is not intelligent. Protest, the region is іsnu, and here the problems are posed by the computer of music, literary works (often - vіrshіv abo kazok), artistic creativity.
Nareshty, іsnu masa of the program of piece-specific intellectu, the skin of which will make it possible to self-direct. Yak butt you can bring the program to the intelligence in computer games, non-linear control, intelligent systems and security.
You can pomitity, so many areas have been re-flowing. Tse is domineering for any science. Ale in the piece intelligence, the interconnection between the two, when it came to life, is twisted especially strongly, and tied with a philosophical super-link about the strong and the weak II.
On the ear of the 17th century, Rene Descartes put down that creature is like a folding mechanism, and he himself formulated a mechanistic theory. At 1623 r Wilhelm Shikard, having stayed the first mechanical digital calculating machine, followed by the machines of Blaise Pascal (1643) and Leibnits (1671). Leibnits also became the first, having described a very dvіykovu system of numerical strength, he hoped that a lot of great victories were periodically consumed by the system. At the 19th century, Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace were working on a programmed mechanical numbering machine.
U 1910-1913 rr. Bertrand Russell and A.N. Whitehead published The Principles of Mathematics for the robot, which was driving a revolution in formal logic. In 1941 Konrad Zuse was the first to use computer control software. Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts in 1943 published A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity, which sealed the basis of neural fences.
The lucky camp is right
At the present moment (2008), at the beginning of the piece intellectual (in the primary sense of the word, expert systems and programs are not used here), there is a lack of ideas. Practically all come bully viprobuvani, ale until the day of the piece rozumu zhodna doslidnitska group so i didn’t go.
Deyaki from the most hostile civil ІІ systems:
Deep Blue is a change from the champion to the light of the chess players (The match between Kasparov and the superEOM was not brought to the satisfaction of either the computer scientists, or the chessmen, and the system wasn’t recognized by Kasparov, who want the original compact chess programs to create an unprecedented element of chess creativity. systems of paramount clientele in the Swiss center Blue Brain.
Mycin is one of the earliest expert systems, as it could diagnose a small number of ailments, and often it was just like a doctor.
20q - a project based on Ideas II, based on the classic gris "20 Pitan". Having become even more popular, please appear on the Internet at the site 20q.net.
Rozp_znavannya movi. The system is the same as ViaVoice.
Robots in the roboCup tourney play in a simplified form of football.
zasosuvannya II
Banks are stuck in the system of piece intelligence (USHI) in insurance of performance (actuarial mathematics) when there is a risk of business and management. In 2001, robots played rock with people in an impromptu trading mode (BBC News, 2001). The method of developing images, (including, as more folding and specialization, as well as neuron measures) is widely used for optical and acoustic recognition (including text and video), medical, diagnostic systems also for the safety of a number of national safety establishments.
Dealers of computers іgor zmushenі zstosovuvati ІІ tіy chi іnshіy world operatsovanosti. The standard staff of the II in the Games is the knowledge of the way in the two-world or trivial space, the adaptation of the behavior of the combat unit, the development of the virtual economic strategy and so far.
perspective II
You can see two straight lines of the ІІ branch:
The first pole in the solution of problems related to the proximity of special systems II to the possibilities of people and their integration, as realized by the nature of people.
Another pole is in the branch of the piece Rozum, which represents the integration of the second systems into a single system, which will give rise to the problems of humanity.
Link with the other sciences
Piece-piece intellect of tied to transhumanism. And at the same time with neurophysiology and cognitive psychology, I have established a greater science, called cognitology. I will outline the role in the piece of intelligence in the development of philosophy.
philosophical nutrition
Science "about the establishment of the piece rose" could not fail to tighten the respect of philosophers. With the appearance of the first intellectual systems, fundamental nutrition about people and knowledge, and often about svitoustrіy, have been destroyed. On one side, the stench is indiscriminately tied to the whole science, and on the other side - to bring some kind of chaos into it. In the midst of the past, there is still no idea whether it is a dominant point of view on the criterion of intelligence, systematization of high goals and buildings, it is impossible to find a great value of science.
Chi can a misliti machine?
Naybіlsh hot superscripts in the philosophy of piece intellectual wiklikє nourishment for the possibility of thinking of the work of human hands. The food "What can be a mislity machine?" Two main points of view on the price of food are called hypotheses of strong and weak piece intelligence.
The term "strong piece intelligence" by John Searle, which is characterized by the following words:
“Moreover, such a program will not be just a model of a rose; won in the literal sense of the word itself and will be a rose;
Navpaki, the henchmen of a weak SHI, vvazayut for more beautifully looking at programs just like a tool, so they allow you to be virishuvati ti chi іnshі zdannya, as they do not require a whole spectrum of human cognitive health.
In his explicit experiment "Chinese Room", John Searle showed that passing the Turing test was not a criterion for the machine's ability to process the reference process.
Misleading є the processing process is in the memory of information: analysis, synthesis and self-programming.
Similar to the position of the loan, Roger Penrose, who, in his book "The King's New Rose", argued that it was not a matter of rejecting the misdirection process on the basis of formal systems.
Find out about the point of view on the price of food. Analytical behavior of transferring the analysis of the nutritional nervous activity of people to the lower, unreasonable level (the function of the nutritional nervous activity, the elementary reaction to the calling of the students (stimulation), the development of the neurodevelopmental activity)
Deyakі fakhіvtsі for іntelekt take the building of a rational, motivated choice, in the minds of unstable information. In order to be intelligent, it is easy to get involved in that program of performance (not necessarily implemented on the current EOM), as you can vibrate from a variety of alternatives, for example, where to go in the case of “just go ...”, “right, go right,” come on ... "
Science about knowledge
Likewise, epistemology is closely tied to the problems of piece intelligence - the science of knowledge within the framework of philosophy. Philosophers, who are concerned with this problematic, show food, are similar to those who are seen by engineers II about those who are more beautiful to imagine and vicarious knowledge and information.
Placement up to II in suspension
ІІ that relіgіya
In the midst of the last messages of the Abrahamic religions, there are many points of view on the possibility of the SHI stem on the basis of a structural approach.
For one of them, the brain, the robot, which is drawn to the system, on the mind, does not take part in the misdirection process, not on the basis of evidence and whether it’s some kind of pinkness. Building II on the basis of a structural approach is unwise.
In Zgіdno from the іnshoy point of view, the brain takes care of the fate of the targeting process, and even in the viglyad "transmission" of information from souls. The mock is indicative of such "simple" functions, such as insane reflexes, reactions to bullets, etc. Implementation II on the basis of a structural approach is a flexible, constructed system that can provide a "transfer" function.
Offensive positions do not reflect the tribute of modern science, so the understanding of the soul does not look modern science in the quality of the scientific category.
On the thought of Bagatyokh Buddhists ІІ Mozhliviy. Thus, the spiritual leader, the XIV Dalai Lama, does not experience the power of seeing the information on a computer basis.
Raeliti is actively developing the rosettes in the galuze of the piece intellectu.
ІІ і science fiction
In science fictional literature II, the most often imaged is the power of the people (Omnius, HAL 9000, Skynet, Colossus, the Matrix and the replicant), or the service humanity (C-3PO, people) The lack of dominance over light of the III, that the Wiysh are under control, the territorial claims of such science fiction writers like Isaac Azimov and Kevin Warwick.
The culture of the maybutny is presented in the novel "Vibir by Turing" by the science fiction writer Garri Garrison and the famous Marvin Minsky. Write about the theme of losing humanity to people, into the brain of a human being implanted by the EOM, and the idea of humanity by a machine from the SHI, information from the human brain was copied to the idea of such a bull.
Deyakі science fantasies, for example, Vernor Vinge, also mirkuvali over the inheritance of ShI, yake, mabut, vicious dramatic changes in suspensions. This period is called technological singularity.