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There are also types of gratuities. See and the reasons for the old pardons

rich in aspect results in ЄDI 2008 rock and passed rockies allowed to create a number of public places, but there are some wider shortcomings of licenses admitted to sleep. Typically, it is possible to enter the steps that are allowed during the visit Examining robots from literature in ЄDI format:

Lack of knowledge (and among others, ignorance) of the text of artistic creations;

New historical and literary and cultural and historical context;

It is wrong or inaccurate to understand literary terms and understand;

Inadequate reading of the formula;

Inevitably, it’s just monologue that is in writing;

Wadi in the most modern form of written views of a large volume.

The methodical problem of opening up is given in detail in the book "Types of grave sovereign sleep"(Authors: S.A. Zinin, L.V. Novikova, O.B. Mar'ina), as in 2009 it will be seen by the" Russian word ".

Factual pardons

The loss of reliability in the transmission of the actual material to the Victory of the factual pardon, which is the creation of the image in the lost situation, or of the details.

Before the actual pardon, it is possible to bring a kind of factual inaccuracies, such as incorrectly stated the fate of the life of the writer, for the time of the origin of the artist's creation, irrelevant toponyms, pardons in the living termology, incorrectly named genres, etc. the presence of a typical factual pardon: the examiners disgustingly guessed the nickname of one of the heroines to the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov": it is possible to replace orders on Pshenitsina in ex-replacement robots, for example, the Hostess. The examiners often wander not only the names of heroes, but name the creatures (for example, the part of the examiners of 2008 could not exactly name the chapters of M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "Hero of our hour").

Factual pardons can be divided into coarse and non-coarse. Crazy, as the patron sternjun, Lermontov is the author of "Evgeniya Ongina", or he calls Tetyan Larin Olga - tse coarse factual pardons. If the deputy is "Princess Meri", the vypusknik has written "Princess Meri", then the pardon can be assessed by the expert as there is factual inaccuracy, or the misprint and not in the process of evaluating the robots.

As a result of the disgusting knowledge of the text, those who have been examined incorrectly interpret the words and characters of the characters, the pod, “inserting” into the text of the new sense; pomilkovo or not entirely to begin the role of the analyzed fragment in the artistic creation; do not see structural elements text (part, chapter, etc.); to create a plot and a plot. On the other hand, in one of the robots the father of Boris got it, happy to Katherine and Boris (O. M. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm"). It is a pity that there are few butt, as they show the visibility of any kind of sense in the text. One of the buildings after D.I. Fonvizina "The Minor" was seen from the examination of the positive characters in the comedy. A number of scientists went to finish the unsupported combinations: the order of Milons, Pravdin and Starodum were called (according to the principle of "remembering") Skotin, Prostakova, Vralman (did not help to find the explicitness of "speaking" the words). Unknown texts should be produced to induce not far away or grave-forsites at the viconnes of the building, which will help to imitate the literary context. In one of the options for replacement robots, the food was proponated: “Yaki virshi Russian poets have the character of a lyrical attitude and whatever motives bring them together with virsh S.A. Esenina "Mother's sheet"? The children of the examiners went along the way, pererahuvannya poets navmannya, astonishingly, they didn’t forget Pushkin (in rosary on their “all-inclusiveness”), and they spent them in halep, some of the “mother’s” those who did not stick to the address.

From the same time, to typical actual pardons, the following should be applied:

1) creation of historical and literary facts;

2) the name given;

3) pardons at the designated hour and month of the day;

4) pardons in transmissions of last days, for established reasons and inherited reasons, etc.

Logic pardons

Examined, accelerating in the reasonable specifics and logic of the supplied food, begging to demonstrate unmistakably logically and argued to be completely monologue, unmistakable work.

Control over the fixation of the basic laws of logical misinterpretation - a generalized stage for the analysis of create. Beautiful robots Evaluated versions of the clarity of the ideas, inconsistency, the lasting of the comments and the priming of the text.

Logic pardons, according to D. Ye. Rosenthal's designations, are the price of unreparing “loved ones in whatever life is meant to be understood. Frequently, there are no evaluations for the reason and inheritance, part and purpose, common occurrences, genus, species and types of insects. " (For example: "So yak Oblomov is an icy man, a new bouv Zakhar is a servant").

The variability of the meaning of the organization of the text is not without limits: the laws of correct misdirection begin to develop more clearly. Logical goodness of information, as it doesn’t have a text, is recognized as reliable, accurate and consistent.

A skin thought to the text, when repeated, is guilty of a maternal, persistent zmist (the subject of peace is not guilty of changing quite a bit in the course of repetition, the understanding is guilty of thinking and changing).

Super-verbose misleading, lack of knowledge can lead to the presence in the creature of two other judgments about one and the same object, submitted as a reference.

The accuracy of the selection of theses, the clarity of the formulation, the constructive clarity of the text, accepts the logical value of the video, allowing it to reach the post-development of the thought.

Tvir maє buti is provable (whether a true thought is guilty but primed with some thoughts, the truth of which has been brought to the fore). When you see the picture of all the thoughts, captured in the text, you can see one from the bottom. In such a rank, in the creation of all thoughts, they are internally tied one to one, viticati one from the inshoi, gruntovuvati one inshu. The truth of the matter is guilty but confirmed by superb evidence.

Prior to the characteristic logical pardons, examinations are set:

1) deterioration of the last

2) the visibility of the sound between the parts of the proposition,

3) the unjustified repetition of the lost earlier thought,

4) crushing microtemi іnshy microtemi,

5) inconsistency of parts

6) visibility of the necessary parts

7) rearrangement of parts of the lingering, etc.

movnі grants

Moving pompies are later derived from grammatical pardons, which are stored in pompous words, pompous illumination of the forms of movable parts, in ruined narrow-mindedness, management, as well as in the ruined sound of fair turnover, single members And also folding words, in the change of direct and indirect communication, in the omissions of necessary words and in the destruction of cordon propositions.

(Div. Assessment of knowledge, diminish and navichok of scholars from Russian language. Handbook for a teacher. - Moscow.: Education, 1986. S. 81).

It’s crazy, it’s insane, to reduce the quality of robots, and the rude of them can be made up to date.

Prior to the publication of literary materials, there are direct reports of modern and stylistic graces. Stylish pardons є one of the types of old pardons. Їх spacer is important for robust high quality. Let’s remind you of the lexical character of the following:

1) implantation of words in a powerless yom meaning;

2) deterioration of lexical status;

3) implantation of the curious word (pleonasm);

4) implantation of the order of single-root words (tautology);

5) implantation of the word (or virazu) іншої style іnсhoї;

6) deterioration of species-clock spivvidnosti of diєslivnyh forms;

7) the diversity and uniformity of syntactic constructions;

8) close order of words (the same robot, p. 87).

Once again, it’s adorable, but in a variety of fashionable grants є stylistic. “Stylish change, - as V.I. Capinos, - the whole group of small shortcomings is especially special, as they are ruined by the style of being able to play ”(the same robot, p. 86).

To the stylistic pardons of the following:

1) implantation of inostyle sliv and viraziv;

2) nearby vikorystannya expressive, emotional-barred zasobiv;

3) unmotivated stasis of dialectical and widespread words and viraziv;

4) changing the vocabulary of the ages of history.

Dotrimannya adnosti style - navische to achieve writing. To that the stylistic change of V.I. Capinos is justly proponated as stylistic inadequacies.

Kramatorska zagalnoosvitnya school №4

ESSAY

З ROSІYSKOЇ MOVI

Topic: "New grants and classifications"

visonal:

Bagan Sofia,

student 10-A class

Danish abstract of the assignments of the same pardons of the 1st and the 1st classifications.

Classification of old pardons by young scholars-linguists

T.A. Ladizhenska vidіlyaє dvі great groups of graves:

1.Grammatical gratuities (gratuities in the structure (in the form) of a new unit).

2. Movnі (pardons at the implantation (function) of movable people).

A large group of pardons was given, named M.S.Soloveichik and T.A.

1. Мовні grants:

a) implantation of words in a non-authoritative sense of meaning (Having skipped, I fell on the wrong side. A thought darted in the head of the new one.);
b) the change of the watch-type forms of the word (Zaєts climbing on the head and sidiv);
c) not far implantation of the bunnies in the context, which can lead to ambiguity or ambiguity (if Kolya said goodbye to his father, he didn’t cry).
d) improper implantation of spacious and dialectical words (Petya ishov behind);
e) change of paronims (Mom told me to find the light, and I saw it again).

Lviv M.R. This includes the ruin of the phraseological submission of the living words (Viyšov chervonyi the young man on the battle with the zmієm) and the pronominal submission scho pidlyagє (Petya is the winner of the strongest from the boys.).

2. Most of the shortcomings. On the thought of T.A. wrecked, Nіzh grammatichnі and movnі pomilki ".

1) The inaccuracy of the move. To the most incomplete of the given group M.S.Soloveychik and T.A.

a) implantation of the curious word (pleonasm) (Richka froze with ice. T.A.
b) the lack of understanding of the meaning of synonyms or those close to the meaningful words (I went to football before I had a frown, so they played it.);
c) the destruction of the lexical way of getting (Pioneri made an oath.).

2) The lack of language of scholars, the confusion of the vocabulary and the innocence of the syntactic scale of the promises to be manifested in the writing robots of the scholars in the few people of this kind:

a) the repetition of one and the same word within a small context (the Strizh doused with briskets, and the Strizh thought, soon the end). A whole kind of pardon descriptions in all classifications. Do nyogo T.A.
b) vzhivannya handcuffs chi close to one-root sl_s (Once misleading fell in love with hares); c) the same type and weakness of syntactic constructions (Autumn has come. The grass has become ugly. The water in the river has become cold.). T.A. Ladizhenska and M.R. Lviv include to the whole group of such viglyad: d) there is no context, there is a sound (logical and lexico-grammatical) ("A hand from the furrowless cotton in wild roses. . on a heavenly sun. It's easy to pull off the smell. "

3) Pomodki at the vibor synonymic cat of movi, ma datkova over understanding of the stylistic synonym. In the presence of M.S.Soloveichik and T.A.

a) the implantation of a functional and stylistic barn (damage to the style) (Shedding is good: і in a clean field, і in a birch grove, as well as in pine and wry forests). M.R. Lviv and T.A.
b) inconsistent implantation of emotionally unhardened slabs and constructions (Win vidchuv, drowning in the swamp).

Krim classifications M.R. Lvov, T.A.

There is a great number of versatile approaches to the classification of new graces. Kozhen the author, being concerned with this problem, or proponing his own classification, or additional, korigu, as well as existing classifications. The robots of M.S. folding propositions... At pratsyakh T.A. Ladizhenskiy classification of the newest pardons, which is why all the destructions are presented in them. letter writing... Classification M.R. Lviv would like to finish off a great number of pardons. The author of the video is such a group of pardons, which are not called M. S. Soloveychik, or T. A. Ladizhensky, who will add additional meaning to the classification.

Naybilsh has expanded the classification of the old pardons.

1. Incorrect vibration of the lexical equivalent often lead to incomprehensible comic, to the point of absurdity. For example: "Our Russian birches stand in shlyubn_y savan_ "(Replacing" in the shlyubn_y dress); "In the fierce triviality add to growth for two years "(replace" ... the light day will last for two years ").

Some pardons will be added to this, if a person selects the words from a singing thematic group, and does not obtrude himself with an analysis of the exact meaning. The lack of ambiguity turns into obscurity, and sometimes it turns into absurdity. In this vypadku you can bring a dear association (dobu - day, vynchalny ubir (veil) - funeral ubir (shroud). associative .

Inaccurate vibration of the word is not only in the result of lexical pardon. Buvak, scho lyudin, for other reasons (for example, schob pom'yakshiti sense vislovlyuvannya) replace the exact meaning of the word pidbira of non-meanings, p'yakshene. Styles call such veiled virazi euphemisms, Talk about euphemestichnost movi . For example, "We are still great lack of respect healthy children ”(it’s more beautiful to say:“ little respect comes along ”or“ lack of respect ”).

2. alogism ... Even Aristotle has kept all the logical pardons in the Movies. Vin stverdzhuvav: “Mova is guilty of adhering to the laws of logic 2 ". It is to be carried out to the correct definition of the message structure to the text with the laws of the development of the rosy process. Distance guided basic intelligence (and in the arches - butt z school creatures, In any damage to the mind):

any vislovlyuvannya is not guilty of being super-verbose ("The villagers love Bazarov: for them it is a pea blaze");
consistency: it is not guilty of being filled with words in the text (“If you have already fallen into a ravine, then Gorky viguknuv:“ I can't get people to talk about it ”);
the correct establishment of causal-inherited links and the availability of supplies for visitors ("Bazarov does not make friends, more is nigilist");
the logical connection, inconsistency of the small parts of one whole ("Yshov boards and two students").

Mind and logic - the correctness of the inducement of syntactic structures, the order of words in the speech; structurally logical link between paragraphs and the whole text; the thoughtfulness of the message structure of the propositions and word production.

The reason for the illogicality of being caught in the confusion between concrete and abstract is to understand, generic and species. So, this is how the thought is formed in the speech: skin creature you will give 12 liters of milk each. " Aje rely on respect cow, And do not be-like a creature, so that the species understands does not need to be replaced by birth. A slid of memory, when replacing species categories by generic ones, to rob the language of a barless, government-owned (as only not an official-style, de-born understanding of nature and navi more beauty).

3. Deterioration of lexical results ... It is lexical to call the building when it’s one by one, and it’s not isolated, but in words. With only one word, it is good to get along with the others, as the stench goes after the zmist, but I may be amused by the vocabulary. So, even more "similar" values - dovgy, trivial, dovgy, dovgotrivial, trivial - in a simple way, to be attracted to the іmennik: you can say trivial (trivial) period , Ale not the most recent (most recent, most recent) period; dovgy way, dovgy way and trivial zbori, dovyy way loan , І not inakshe . Such words are silent, we live constantly, do not be preoccupied with the peculiarities of them as soon as they are received, for that it is intuitively perceived, as for a word before what "go".

Trapell in such a way that for the wicked word nachebto go for the twist of that chi meaning, or "do not want" to be drawn into the word. We say: shake your headі schility colina; it is possible, it is possible zdobuti peremog і arrogant blows Ale nіkhto not say, wіn "arrogant victory", "good luck".

The exchange of lexical meaning in quiet words is often explained in special meanings. Forward, word glibky, Means "takiy, yaky maє great glybin, located on great glybin", Volodya with practical non-interchangeable possibilities of lexical obtaining (Naglibshe lake, inflow, river, well, mice etc.), albeit in the meaning of "yaky dosyag mezhi, povny, thorough", go along with the men of the name (gliboka autumn, winter, low, sleep, calm, quiet, movchanka, old age ).

In some people, the reason for the lexical way of getting it is to fix the word behind the steel virases. by the way, oxamitic season - « osinnі mіsyatsі(Veresen, zhovten) at pivdni ". Tsei vysliv has a strong character, so we cannot replace the word season with nyakim, navigate the closest for the zmist. seem to be: language to pay Ale can’t say “zaplitatsya teeth (lips)”, so tse tse tsіyke, in the new substitution slіv viklyuchena.

The rules for making sure that you have a move are grammatical, since you can lay down the ability to find some parts of the move with others. The grammatical receipt of admission to the registration of the names of the prikmetniks (gliboke movchannya ), Ale "zaboronyaє" after the registration of prikmetniks with numerators (it is not possible to say great one hundred), Appropriate bunnies with words (my yours is not mind ).

The lexicon is not easy to enter into rubbing against the grammatical. So, all the transferable words are to adhere to the names of the names in the familiar view without the receiver (reading a book), The Protective form of a common form often lies in the form of belonging to the men to the living or to the non-living: in the first known forms of the form, they are born from the birth (one device), For others - with the name (device sipping). With a tsom in special cases, it is grammatical to get additional help correctly in terms of the meaning of the word: beat a fellow (About the space ship) ibeat a fellow (About Lyudin).

The acquisition of the grave is especially important for the artistic movement, for that, before the assessment of the lexical artists it is not possible to walk in the wicked world, here are the laws of heavy things in particular. So, the interconnection of semantic meaning does not expand on the figurative of the words: figurative black dumki, cheeks to burn You can stay without eyes, like їkh mind in a literal meaning. However, the stench is taken by us as a metaphor, and it’s not a transition to the text.

Expansion of the zvichnye zv'yaschikov words, which add to the new types of meaning, lie at the base of the bagatokh classic images of the great maystrіv of artistic movement: "sivy zimi pogrozi " (A.S. Pushkin), " gumova dumka " (I. Ilf і I. Petrov), "Apricot hairs" (V. Nabokov). A lot of the older ones will soon be locked in the move, they will become stiff, and they will tell you about the grasping of their linguistic relish for an hour.

With implantation of cases, such as may be borderline interconnected opportunities lexical phrases, the failure of getting it often becomes the reason for the comic sounding of the move: nyzapeklishі fahіvtsі ". "We will not zamovchuvati about screaming achievements self-made artists ". Lexical pardons in such vipaduyutsya not only style, ale and wicked phrases, to that, in the case of a wide associa tion, it is necessary to predict the antiquated wolf.

These words truly cannot be spared: they often live in the wrong in the wrong way. It seems: "dear prices" (replacement: high prices, Dear comrade), “take a toast” (substitute: vigolosity toast, grab cells), “advance a circle” (substitute: expand), “cold environment”, etc. Damage to the lexical result of obtaining it is not easy to explain about the data (contamination) of similar words. For example, write: "Satisfied with the happy vimogs" happy vimoga і meet the needs ; "Come to meaning" (give meaning, come to respect ); "Polіpshiti rіven" (polygraphic quality, adjustments, ).

It is important to put to the word, to the peculiarities of the lexical way of getting in the Russian language, you can help you to uncover some kind of pardon from the move, and in those vypadki - to allow the vicarists to get the non-meaningful way of getting the words for the stem of the spring.

4. movna overwhelm for good reason. Economy, in the luchny hang of the thought is the main reason for stylistics. French inspiration, philosopher and writer Pascal respected: "I am writing for a long time, so I have a short writing hour." At the end of the paradoxical statement, there is a glimpse of the senses, so that the author’s lack of balance and safety is encouraged to produce it to the point of richness, and the strength and clarity of the formula can be reached as a result of the work of the robot and the word. "Style is the sister of talent", - A.P. stverdzhuvav Chekhov. All this is necessary to remember that you want to complete your warehouse.

There are two types of overworld: tautology and pleonasm. tautology 3 , For example: "I vvazhayu, scho ti vistupayuchi, I will be vistupati, Say about the right. "

The numerical butt of tautology can hardly be seen in everyday life: “Can you feed the food? », « Tse a phenomenon є ... », « It is natural that », « Forward, guided by such a butt ... "and the like.

Pleonasm 4 to be found when implanted non-required values (the main point ), Obstavin (sp_vali double at once), And also as a result of an unjustified stringing of synonyms (finish, finish, viconati zavdannya ). Pleonasm is extravagant in rozmovn_y mov_ (on vlasnі ochі bachiv ), De vin serve one of the forms of natural overworld, traditional in folklore (way-road, trouble-tuga ). Deyakі style in the past cultivated yogo: "Marya Godunova і sin її Feodor branded myself uncoiled... Mi bachili oh dead corpses"(A. Pushkin).

I am also overwhelmed by the nature of the meaning of the word in Russian, dubbing its meaning (an invisible phenomenon, indicative of a counterattack ). In such vipadks, talk about the prikhovani tautology, that Russian word repeat the meaning of the anticipated.

The deyaki of a similar type is all locked into the mov, which is tied up with a zyme meaning to enter them into words. With the butt of the tautological can be added period of the hour... The languages of the past have respected tsey viraz overly period means "hour". The step-by-step word became a sign of "the hour of the hour", which was able to fix it in the named way. From the last, a few superfluous ones were closed as follows: monumental monument, real action, exhibit і ін. In them, the viznachennya ceased to be but forgive the repetitions of the main sign, laid down in the іmennik.

I’m not just accustomed to it, but I’m clearly tautology to be informed of what is permissible for an hour; vocabulary earth slavs, Make a riddle, foreman of the first brigade etc.

Singing and writing are often used to tautology and writing. Humor, vicious, tautological results with a pun: zishtovuyuchi one-root words, stinks add to their sense of spirit ("The scribe will write, and the reader will read". M.Є. Saltikov-Shchedrin). The tautological repetition can give a special meaning to the vislov, as in V.A. Zhukovsky in writing on the portrait, presented to A.S. Pushkinu: "I will-school overweight the teacher ".

5. a great lack of turn around at the omission of any word or a few words, for example: “At the cabinet of literature hang great writers "(Missing word portraits) . A lot of pardons are often found in the weary movement, if you speak quickly and do not follow the correct way of thinking. The lack of a serious school of thought is not only stylistic, but the sense of the word: in the proposition, the grammatical and logical sounds of words are destroyed, the senses are darkened.

The omission of a word may be the cause of alogism - the imposition of the blameless to understand. For example: "Compare the indicators of the first table with the Somium table " (It is possible to separate indicators with indicators, and tables with tables). As a result, the omission of the word is not easy to see and understand. For example: "At the show of the middle of the exhibits of the boulevard and the philatelist from Tomska »(I want to display not the stamp itself, but my album).

I think the lack of a pardon has been extended since the appearance of Elips - a stylistic figurine, based on a certain pass of that particular member of the proposition for the development of differentiation. Naybіlsh expresivnі eіlіptіchnі constructions without dієword-award, transfer to the dynamical unit: "I’m for the little bell, the little bell - in pich! I'm for the book, that - big! » (K. Chukovsky). With Elips, there is no need to introduce missing words, so that the sense of the proposition is clear and introduced into new old days to add lightness and variety.

Mova - one of the people who found the vision in the hands of the people. However, koristuvatisya him needs a little, permanently vivchayuchi yo specialty and secrets. How can we say so well that Volodya has come to terms with my native language?

What is more, we understand the wealth and the greatness of the Russian move, we are more aware of our love, we are more aware of the need to find out the style of the viewer, fighting for the purity rіdnoї movi, Protistoyatiyi svoyennya і creation. N.M. Karamzin, having been rich in development and development of the Russian language, wrote: “Voltaire said that one can read all the heads of the world into a lot of rock, but all life needs to be read to its natural.We, Russian, are even more pratsi, lower ones. "

1 Movna pomilka is a violation of the laws of implantation in movable ones, as well as shortcomings in the development of syntactic constructions.

2 Logic - quality, yake characterize to the meaning of the structure text (lingering).

3 Tautology - unrealistic implantation of single-root slavs.

4 Pleonasm - this is a form of rich words, when such words are used in propositions and words, they get used to specifying words.

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There are also types of gratuities. See and the reasons for the old pardons

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