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Head of the first part of the OGE s chemistry. OGE s chemistry. The system of evaluation of the evaluation of the buildings and of the evaluation of robots in general

State educational attestation 2019 on chemistry for students of the 9th grade is carried out on the basis of an assessment of the level of educational training of students for this discipline. The knowledge of the upcoming breakdowns of chemistry is being revised by the staff:

Budova atom.
Periodic law і Periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleva.
Budova molecules. Chemical link: covalent (polar and non-polar), ion, metallic.
The valence of chemical elements. The stage of oxidized chemical elements.
Simple and folding speeches.
Chemistry reaction. Mind that signs of protesters chemical reactions. хімічні рівняння.
Electrical and non-electrical. Cation and anion. Electrolytic dissociation of acids, meadows and salts (middle).
Reactions to the exchange and understanding of the situation.
Cheerful authorities simple words: metal and non-metal.
Chemical power of oxides: basic, amphoteric, acidic.
Cheerful authorities of the police. Chemical power of acids.
Chemical power of salts (middle).
Pure speeches and sums. Safety rules for robots in school laboratories. cheery zabrudnennya dovkillaі th heritage.
The stage of oxidized chemical elements. Oxyluvach and forecaster. Oxidative-leading reactions.
Enumeration of the mass part cheery element in speech.
Periodical law D.I. Mendeleva.
Pochatkovі vіdomosі pro organic speech... Biologically important words: alcohol, fat, carbohydrates.
Assigned to the nature of the middle course of solutions of acids and meadows behind additional indicators. Yak_snі reactions on the ionic solution (chloride-, sulfate-, carbonathionium, ionic ammonium). Yak_snі reactions on gas-like speech (kisen, water, carbon dioxide gas, Amiak).
Chemistry of power of simple speeches. Chemistry of the power of folding speech.

Date of issue of OGE from chemistry 2019:
4 worms (v_vtorok).

The changes to the structure and to the change in the replacement of robots in 2019 are due to rock in 2018.

In this distribution, you will know the online test, which will help you to get ready zdachi OGE(DPA) s chemistry. Bazhaєmo success!

The standard test OGE (DPA-9) in the 2019 format can be stored in two parts. The first part is to revenge 19 buildings with a short view, another part is to take revenge on the third part of the open view. At the link with the cym in this test, only Persha Chastina is represented (tobto Pershі 19 Zavdan). At the same time, the flow structures of the health service, the middle of the establishments, have options for testing only at 15. But for the plant, in which options are based on the lay of real control materials (KIMs) are not transferred, some of the options will be significantly improved, so as to maximize our test to maximize

The standard OGE test (DPA-9) in the format of 2018 can be stored in two parts. The first part is to revenge 19 buildings with a short view, another part is to take revenge on the third part of the open view. At the link with the cym in this test, only Persha chastin is represented (tobto Pershi 19 Zavdan). At the same time, the flow structures of the health service, the middle of the establishments, have options for testing only at 15. But for the plant, in which options are based on the lay of real control materials (KIMs) are not transferred, some of the options will be significantly improved, so as to maximize our test to get the most out of our test

The standard OGE test (DPA-9) in the format of 2017 can be stored in two parts. The first part is to revenge 19 buildings with a short view, another part is to take revenge on the third part of the open view. At the link with the cym in this test, only Persha chastin is represented (tobto Pershi 19 Zavdan). At the same time, the flow structures of the health service, the middle of the establishments, have options for testing only at 15. But for the plant, in which options are based on the lay of real control materials (KIMs) are not transferred, some of the options will be significantly improved, so as to maximize our test to maximize

The standard OGE test (DPA-9) in the format of 2016 is stored in two parts from chemistry. The first part is to revenge 19 buildings with a short view, another part is to take revenge on the third part of the open view. At the link with the cym in this test, only Persha chastin is represented (tobto Pershi 19 Zavdan). At the same time, the flow structures of the health service, the middle of the establishments, have options for testing only at 15. But for the plant, in which options are based on the lay of real control materials (KIMs) are not transferred, some of the options will be significantly improved, so as to maximize our test to maximize

The standard test OGE (DPA-9) in the format of 2015 can be stored in two parts. The first part is to revenge 19 buildings with a short view, another part is to take revenge on the third part of the open view. At the link with the cym in this test, only Persha chastin is represented (tobto Pershi 19 Zavdan). It is well known to the flow structures of the health service, in the middle of the establishments, the options are available only at 15. However, for the efficiency of passing the tests in the administration of the site, the site accepted the solution of the options for the tests in all. But for the plant, in which options are based on the lay of real control materials (KIMs) are not transferred, some of the options will be significantly improved, so as to maximize our test to maximize

At the viconation of the plant A1-A19, vibrate only one correct option.
At the vison of the building B1-B3 two correct options.

At the viconation of the plant A1-A15, vibrate only one correct option.

When you select a plant A1-A15, choose only one correct option.

At a number of distributions selected all zbіrniki zavdan z chemії, yaki bully at the OGE 2020 rock, 2019,2018 2017, 2016, 2015 rocky in the growing level of folding. Proceeding from the test, you can see your level of preparation for the 9th grade sleep.

Scientists who will finish 9th grade in 2018-2020 navalny rotsi, Yak and in the last place, will be building OGE from chemistry on the basis of their schools. Sleep will take place in three stages:

completion (for quiet, hto maє the right to completion);
the main one (for the majority of vipusniks in the most regions of the Russian Federation);
dodatkovy (veresneva re-distribution).

Distribution for individual hospitality (forward):

The structure of the warehouse consists of 2 blocks:

Sleep without experiment

The main part of the question asked by the OGE s chemistry will be the test. All production will be divided into two blocks:

Thus, for the introduction of 120 chilins (2 years) on sleep, the scholars should have a date for 22 meals, having correctly memorized the OGE form.

Sleep with experiment

Vypuskniki professional classes, vivchav chemistry on the drowned rivn, but they are not only the date of food tests, A y vikonati is a real experiment (plant no. 23). Model # 2 2019 will have a lot of changes:

On vikonannya 23 zavdan KIM professional level it will be given two years and twenty khilins.

You can vikoristovuvati:

non-programming calculator;
Mendelian table;
electrochemical row of metal springs;
a table of differences in water of salts, acids and podstav;
chernetka.

All the recordings, broken in black, do not look at the assessment, so you can easily write on the archives everything that is necessary and not be afraid to correct the pardon.

The scale of the transfer of the first scores from the estimate in the surrounding regions of the Russian Federation can be displayed. In 2019 FIPI we recommend the following ranges and options:

Scientists, who do not give in for some reason or other, score 9 points, take another 2 and try again.

base period

Dodatkovy period (term)

Part 1 reveals 19 buildings with a short description, in the number of 15 buildings of the basic folding level (order numbers of buildings: 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 15) 17, 18, 19). With all its vidminnost of the established part, they converge in that, in view of the skin, they are recorded briefly in the view of one digit or the last of the digits (two or three). The sequence of numbers will be recorded in the form of statements without any punctures or additional symbols.

Part 2 in the deposit from the KIM model to replace 3 or 4 factory viskogo rivnya folding, with open-ended. The store of the replacement models 1 and 2 is stored at the same time and at the entrance to the list of the remaining buildings of the replacement options:

Examination model 1 to take revenge on the test 22, which is the transfer of the "explicit experiment";

Examination model 2 laboratory robots(A real chemistry experiment).

The scale of the translated scores for the assessment:

"2"- from 0 to 8

"3"- from 9 to 17

"4"- from 18 to 26

"5"- from 27 to 34

The system of evaluation of the evaluation of the buildings and of the evaluation of robots in general

Vіrne vykonannya dermal іf plant 1-15 score 1 point. Вірне виконане skin іf plant 16-19 maximum score 2 points. Zavdannya 16 and 17 vvazhayutsya vikonanimi correctly, as in the skin of them correctly selected two options vіdpovіdі. For a non-recurring view - one of two types of names is correct, or three types are named, of which two types, - 1 point is displayed. Reshta options are inconsistent and rated 0 points. Zavdannya 18 and 19 vvazhayutsya vikonanimi correctly, as well as correctly installed three types. In some cases, it is true that it is considered that in which there are two appearances from three; win score 1 point. Reshta options vvazhayutsya wrong opinion and estimate 0 points.

The revision of the building of part 2 (20-23) will become a subject committee. The maximum rating for the correct vikonane is the following: for the earning 20 and 21 - 3 bali each; in model 1 for a score of 22 - 5 points; in model 2 for the factory 22 - 4 bali, for the factory 23 - 5 bali.

On the basis of the examination of the robots, 120 quills are introduced up to model 1; suitable for model 2 - 140 hvili

Theoretical material before OGE employees from chemistry

Budova atom. Budova electronic shells of the first 20 elements of the periodic system D.I. Mendeleva

The ordinal number of the element numerically relative to the charge of the nucleus of the th atom, the number of protons in the nucleusNand foreign copies of electronics in the atom.

The number of electrons on the last (last) ball is assigned to the number of the chemical element group.

The number of electronic balloons in the atom to the number of the period.

Mass number of an atomA(So the very significant atomic mass, rounded up to an integer number) - the whole number of protons and neutrons is total.

number of neutronsNstart by the difference in the mass number A and the number of protonsZ.

Isotopes are atoms of one chemical element, as there is the same number of protons in the nucleus, or the number of neutrons, to the same charge of the nucleus, or the same atomic mass.

Periodic law i periodic system chemistry elements D.I. Mendeleva

over the period

(evil to the right → )

by group

(Top to bottom ↓)

core charge

Number of electronic balls

Number of valence electrons

growth

Do not change

growth

Do not change

radiusi atomiv

metal power

new power

Basic power of oxides and hydroxides

change

grow up

Electo-negative

non-metallic powers

oxidation power

Acid power of oxides and hydroxides

grow up

change

Budova molecules.

Chemistry calls:

covalent (polar and non-polar), ionna, metallic

covalent non-polar The link is established between the same atoms of nonmetals (tobto, with the same values of electronegativity).

covalent polar The link is established between the atoms of other non-metals (in terms of electrical negativity).

Ionna calls Confirm between atoms of typical metals and non-metals and ammonium salts! (NH 4 Cl, NH 4 NO 3, etc.)

metal ring - in metals and alloys.

dogina zv'yazyka start:

a radio of atoms of elements: more than a radio of atoms, more than a ring of atoms;

multiple sound (single more, lower sub)

The valence of chemical elements. Stage of oxidation of chemical elements

Oxidation step - the initial charge of an atom in a molecule, the calculation of the initial charge, and all the links in the molecule - ion.

oxidizing accept electronics, update process.

reducing agent when the electronics are displayed, the oxidation process is underway.

valency name the number cheery sounds, I will set the atom in chemistry. Often the valence values are numerically based on the oxidation step.

Indications in the values of the oxidation and valence stage

Oxidation step

valence

simple speech

O 0 2 H 0 2 N 0 2 F 0 2 Cl 0 2 Br 0 2 I 0 2

O II 2 H I 2 N III 2 F I 2 Cl I 2 Br I 2 I I 2

half nitrogen

HN +5 O 3

N 2 +5 O 5

N -3 H 4 Cl

HN IV O 3

N 2 IV O 5

N IV H 4 Cl(In Iony Amonia)

Simple and folding speeches. Basic classes

inorganic speeches... nomenclature non-organic spoluk

folding speech - speeches, before the warehouse which includes the atoms of the young chemical elements.

acid- folding speech wow, build a favor metal atoms, і acid surplus: HCl, H 3 R O 4

Pidstavi - folding speech, before the warehouse which includes metal and hydroxide OH - : NaOH, Ca(OH) 2

salt middle - folding speech, which is stored from metal cations and acid surpluses (CaCO 3 ) ... At the storage of acidic salts є more atom (s) water ( Ca( HCO 3 ) 2 ) ... At the warehouse of basic salts - hydroxide-ion ((CuOH) 2 CO 3 ) .

oxides - folding speech, up to the warehouse, which include atoms of two elements, one of the same viscous oysters in the oxidation stage (-2). Oxide is classified as basic, acidic, amphoteric and non-salt-forming.

threw with stages of oxidation +3, +4 і

Zn +2 , Be +2

nonmetals

threw with oxidation steps +5, +6, +7

oxides CO, NO, N 2 O- є non-salt-forming.

Chemistry reaction. Mind those signs of protesters against chemical reactions. Chemistry Rivnyannya. Preserving the mass of speech during chemical reactions. Classification of chemical reactions for different signs: a number of and a warehouse of different and irrelevant rechovins, changing stages of oxidized chemical elements, a glimpse of and vision of energy

chemistry reactions - appearances, with some of the speeches, there are іnshі speeches.

Signs of countering chemical reactions - seeing light and heat, setting siege, gas, smelling, changing color.

Preserving the mass of speech during chemical reactions.

Sum of kofіtsієntіv in rіvnyаnnі reactions:Fe +2 HCl → FeCl 2 (1+2+1=4)

Classification of chemical reactions

For a number of and a warehouse of out-of-the-box and out-of-the-box speeches, the following reactions are given:

Z'єdnannya A + B = AB

Distribution AB = A + B

Substitution А + ВС = АС + В

Obminu AB + C D = AD + CB

Reactions of exchange between acids and additives - reactions of neutralization.

For a change of stages of oxidation of chemical elements:

Oxidative-leading reactions (OVR), in the process of various stages of oxidation of chemical elements, change.

Even though the fate of the reaction is a simple one - the head of the OVR

Reactions of the deputy - the head of the OVR.

There are no oxidation-related reactions, in the process of which there are no changes in the stages of oxidation of chemical elements. ! Reactions to the exchange of NIKOLI DO NOT CAN OVR.

For the love of that vision of energy:

ekzotermichesky reactions to go to the heat (all the reactions of mining, exchange, replacement, more reactions);

endothermic reactions to blow through the heat sinks (reactions of expansion)

Straight through the process : Negotiable and non-negotiable.

For the obviousness of the catalyst : Catalytic and non-catalytic.

Electrical and non-electrical Cation and anion.

Electrolytic dissociation of acids, meadows and salts (middle)

electricity - speeches, such as at water races and melts, fall on them, in the event of any water flow or melting to conduct an electric stream.

acid - electrolytes, when dissociation of water differences, such as cations, only cations N +

Pidstavi - electrolytes, when dissociation of those in the capacity of anion, only hydroxide-anion ON is adopted -

salt middle - electrolytes, with dissociation of which there is a cation of metal and anion of acid surplus.

Cathioni may have a positive charge; anioni - negative

Reactions to the exchange and understanding of the situation

Reactions of the ion exchange go to the end, if a siege is set up, gas or water (or less dissociating speech)

In the іnnyh іvnyаnnya, in the invisible viglyadі, the formulas of non-electrolytes, non-sensitive words, weak electrolytes, gases are required.

Rules for folding іonny ryvnyans:

in the area of molecular reaction;

to reconsider the possibility of countering the reaction;

by the meaning of speech (admission), as it will be written in the molecular view (simple speech, oxide, gas, non-critical speech, weak electricity);

write down more detailed reactions;

vikreslity from the left and right parts of the same;

rewrite sooner іonne rіvnyannya.

Chemistry of power of simple words: metal and non-metal

With acids, they were only thrown together, as they were in the series of activity more than water. Tobto inactive metalsCu, Hg, Ag, Au, Ptdo not react with acids.

ale: Cu , Hg , Ag react sHNO 3 ends, diluting. , H 2 SO 4conc.

me ( Cu, Hg, Ag) +

HNO 3 end,

→ me NO 3 + NO 2 + H 2 O

HNO 3 dilute.

→ me NO 3 + NO + H 2 O

H 2 SO 4conc.

→ me SO 4 + SO 2 + H 2 O

!!! HNO 3 end, , H 2 SO 4conc. passFe, Al, Zr(With n.u.))

The oxidation power of halogens can be observed in groups from bottom to top.

Non-metals react with metals and with themselves.

H 2 + Ca → CaH 2

N 2 + 3Ca → Ca 3 N 2

N 2 + O 2 ↔ 2 NO

S + O 2 → SO 2

N 2 + 3H 2 → 2NH 3

2P + 3Cl 2 → 2PCl 3 abo2P + 5Cl 2 → 2PCl 5

halogen

1) react in meadows:

Cl 2 + 2 NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H 2 O(In a cold way)

3 Cl 2 + 6 NaOH → NaCl + 5 NaClO 3 + H 2 O(In a hot spot)

2) more active halogen (which is present in the group, except for fluorine, as it reacts with water); Vitisnya lower halogen from a halide.

Cl 2 + 2 KBr → Br 2 + 2 KCl, aleBr 2 + KCl ≠

3) 2 F 2 + O 2 → 2 O +2 F 2 (Fluoride acid)

4) Zapam'yatati: 2Fe + 3 Cl 2 → 2 Fe +3 Cl 3 іFe + 2 HCl → Fe +2 Cl 2 + H 2

power of metals

average activity

inactive

Cu, Hg, Ag, Au, Pt

1. + H 2 O→ Me* OH + H 2 (Well.)

2. + non-metals

(!2 Na+ O 2 → Na 2 O 2 - peroxide)

3. + acids

1. + H 2 O (t 0 ) → MeO + H 2

2. + non-metals (crimN 2 )

3. + acids

4. + sil (Rozchin.),

5. Me 1 + Me 2 Oh (yaksho Me 1 = Mg, Al)

1. (onlyCu, Hg)

+ Pro 2 (att 0 )

2. (onlyCu, Hg) + Cl 2 (att 0 )

3. + sil (Rozchin.),as Me big act., nіzh in solі

10.

Chemical power of oxides: basic, amphoteric, acidic

Chemical authorities of oxides

Significantly active metal (Me*): Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra.

Threw, scho to make amphoteric spoluks, meaning Me A(Zn, Be, Al)

1. + H 2 About

2. + acid (HCIta in.)

3. + EO

4.+ Me AO

5.+ Me AOH

1. + acid (HCIta in.)

2. + criminals:

C, CO, H 2 , Al

3. MgO+ EO

1. + acid (HCIta in.)

2.+ Me* O

3.+ Me* OH

4. + criminals:

C, CO, H 2 , Al

5. ZnO+ EO

1.+ H 2 About

2. + Me * O

+ MgO

+ ZnO

3. + Me * OH

4. EO non-volatile+ Сіл → ЕО flying.+ sil

Specialties: 2Mg+ SiO 2 → Si + 2 MgO

4 HF+ SiO 2 → SiF 4 + 2 H 2 O(Hydrofluoric acid to "melt" sclo)

11.

Chemical power of acids, pіdstav

Chemical power of ACIDS:

vzaєmodiyutwith basic and amphoteric oxides according to the statements of salt and water: CaO + 2HCl = CaCl 2 + H 2 O ZnO + 2HNO 3 = Zn (NO 3 ) 2 + H 2 O

vzaєmodiyutwith supplies and amphoteric hydroxides from the statements of salt and water (reaction of neutralization):

NaOH + HCl (dil.) = NaCl + H 2 O

Zn(OH) 2 + H 2 SO 4 = ZnSO 4 +2 H 2 O

vzaєmodiyutwith salts

A) if you see a siege or see gas:

BaCl 2 + H 2 SO 4 = BaSO 4 ↓ + 2HCl

CuS+ H 2 SO 4 = CuSO 4 + H 2 S

B) strong acids and weak salts (even in the reaction system there is little water):

2KNO 3TV.+ H 2 SO 4conc.= K 2 SO 4 + 2 HNO 3

With metals:

A) threw, to stand in the row of activity until water, change the range of acid (except for nitric acid HNO 3 be it concentration or concentrated syrupH 2 SO 4 )

B) with nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acids, the reaction of ide inakshe (div. Vlastivosti metals)

12.

Chemical power of salts

Chemistry of power SALTS :

sil rozchin.+ Sil rozchin.→ how to pretend ↓

sil rozchin.+ before rozchin.→ how to pretend ↓ or else (NH 3 )

sil . + acid . → how to pretend ↓ or

sil rozchin.+ Me → yakshho Me active, low in sol, ale not Me *

Carbonates, sulfates convert acid salts

! CаCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 Pro → Ca (HCO 3 ) 2

6. Deyakі salts open when heating:
1. Carbonates, sulfates and silikates (except for other metals) CuCO 3 = CuO + CO 2

2. Nitraty (different metals are laid out in a way)

t o

MeNO 3 → MeNO 2 + O 2

Li , Metal middle act.,Cu

MeNO 3 → MeO + NO 2 + O 2

metals of inactive, crimCu

MeNO 3 → Me + NO 2 + O 2

NH 4 NO 3 → N 2 O + 2H 2 O
NH 4 NO 2 → N 2 + 2H 2 O

13.

Pure speeches and sums. Safety rules for robots in school laboratories. Laboratory glassware Lyudin in a series of speeches, materials and chemical reactions. Problems of the bezelny vikoristannya rechovin.

Clean speeches and sums

Pure speechwarehouse abostructure (Sil, tsukor).
Sumіshі - the price of physical communication of pure speeches.
Summ can be one-sided (it is not possible to wipe out the particles of the river)and heterogeneous.

It’s possible to grow a lot of money, Physical power:

Zalizo, steel is attracted by a magnet, іnshі words - dumb

Pisok and ін. Do not disagree with the water

Podrіbnena sіrka, the thyrsa is poured onto the surface of the water

You can change the length of the line for an additional delay line

Deyakі rules of safe robots in the laboratory:

Pratsyuvati with savory words of treba in mittens

Otrimannya such gases, yakSO 2 , Cl 2 , NO 2 , Require to carry out only before traction

It is not possible to heat easily borrowed speech on an open source

When heating the test tube, it is necessary to heat the entire tube and trimmate at the end of the cut 30-45 0

14.

According to the nature of the middle course, the range of acids і lіv z

additional indicators. Yakisnі reactions on ionium in roschinі (chloride-, sulfate-, carbonate-ionium, ion ammonium). Otrimannya gas-like rivers. Yakісni reactions on gas-like speech (kissen, water, carbon dioxide gas, ammonia)

otrimannya gas

Rivnyannya reaction rejection

Perevirka

yak zbirat

O 2

2KMnO 4 → K 2 MnO 4 + MnO 2 + O 2 (2 2NH 4 Cl + Ca (OH) 2 → CaCl 2 + 2NH 3 + 2H 2 O (t 0 )

bluevologalitmusfather

Note: N 2 О (+) it is possible to obtain gas by using the vitisnennya water method,

H 2 О (-) can not be selected by the method of vitisnennya

litmus

methyl orange

phenolphthalein

chervonia

horny

barren

violet

orange

barren

blue

zhovty

raspberry

Tobto for a sour mean is not possible vikoristovuvatiphenolphthalein !!!

Table of value of ions

Ag + (AgNO 3 )

A siren siege of siege, indifferent to nitric acid, takes place.

Br -

pretendzhovtuvaty siege

I -

Pretend to be sieges

PO 4 3-

Pretend to be sieges

SO 4 2-

Ba 2+ (Ba (NO 3 ) 2 )

Vipadaє milk-bili siege, non-ref. nі in acids, nі in meadows

CO 3 2-

H + (HCl)

Burhlive vidіlennya CO gas 2

NH 4 +

OH - (NaOH)

smellingNH 3

Fe 2+

Green sieges ↓, stormy

Fe 3+

Siege Storm ↓

Cu 2+

Black ↓ gelatinous

Al 3+

Bilium ↓ gelatinous

Zn 2+

Ca 2+

CO 3 2- (Na 2 CO 3 )

biliy siegeCaCO 3

15.

Enumeration of the mass part of the chemical element in the speech

Massive part of a chemistry element in the out-of-the-way mass of this element to the mass of all data

ω = nAr(Heh) /Mr(Rechovini) (× 100%)