Duelny Code of the Radiansky Officer of the Reading. Duel in Russia: rules and code. I don’t smell it. Rules of the Gallic pivnya
Having lost her respect, I don’t know for rozmova before the hour of vistavi, the bitchy people can not fight for their life. And in the 19th century, Oleksandr Pushkin was driven with seconds to the first nobleman.
Duels in Russia didn’t get accustomed to a few - in the 17th century, only one kind of foreigners were used in Russian services; then, in the 19th century, there was a happy duel boom. At the same time, the code did not appear at all. Possibly, for that, not wanting to screw up the respect of the government, as the author of the basic instructions for the crime of crime, as in the hours of Peter the Great there was a duel. So they went for the help of the seconds, they negotiated and prescribed the rules, for those they went for bitisya or staged, based on the formed traditions and precedents, for the joy of the advanced duelants and the code of foreign language. In 1894, Oleksandr III was instructed to call it "Rules for the inspection of welds, how to play in the office", in fact, legitimizing the duel as a way of providing food for the visitor and by setting a party to the control of court officers. In the thirteenth hour, a number of vichiznykh duel codes appeared: Count Vasil Durasov (1908), Oleksiy Suvorin (1913), Major General Yosip Mikulin (1912) and others. But all the stinks were in the details between themselves and with the current practice.
Participants
before end of XIX stolittya duelant, madly, nobleman. “I am a Russian nobleman, Pushkin; not to notice my companions, and besides, you will not be a shameful mother, and I will be right with me ”- this is how Denisevich sings to Major Denisevich, who will be victorious for the evening. Meta be-like duel is not the same, as the result of the badge inflicted on honor, and honor is the prerogative of the gentry camp. Until the XX century, the cordon is being raised and honored, and now, and for the devil, the non-nobles are pretending. "If you call a nobleman of a Riznochin, the first goiter of the strings of duty is to see the power of the wiklik and the rest of the right to shukati, satisfied with the judiciary order," Durasov's code is ordered. However, I was introduced to the first publication of the duel between the noble deputy-Black Hundreds Mykola Markov and the native deputy-cadet Osip, the parchment did not go to any broken ones.
Duel Izabelli de Carazzi with Deambroy de Pottenella. Jusepe de Ribera. 1636 rik
The duelant is guilty but physically adherent to the point of solitude: mentally healthy, healthy trimati and struggling. Theoretically - older than 18 years, younger than 60. І, zrozumіlo, duelant buv cholovіkom. Ladies' duels trawled on Zakhod, ala in Russia did not take root. If the cavalry-woman Nadiya Durova was at a duel as a second, my comrades in service did not know if the cornet Aleksandrov was a woman, and they didn’t wipe out anything with duel traditions. Independently independents to seize his honor lyudin mav the right to vistaviti zamіnu. Tse mіg buti kinsman, oskіlki їkh not bulo - old і close friend. For the honor of the woman, the brothers also have the right to share the fate of the cholovik, at which they formed. Chi didn’t hang around, if close relatives, chief and pidlegliy, creditor and employer went one against one.
Hyde Park in London during the middle of British duels of popularity
non-private duels
"Svіzhі rіshennya"
nude... British licar Humphrey Howarth buv perekonaniya, scho indulged in the body from the cooler of the piece, odyagu will inevitably be fired. In 1806 rotsi vin showing up for duel we will be naked. Yogo adversary Lord Berrimore vznavav the situation of blindfoldness and skasuvav fights.
Crazy cooties... In 1808, rotsi duelanti de GRANPROM i Le Pique, feigned for the trickiness of the artist of the Paris Opera, fired, taking two seconds into the sky with seconds out-of-the-box... GRANPROM having drunk a supernik in a kul, and Pike with a second got up.
drums... groupie drummer Red hot chili peppers Chad Smith and actor Will Ferrell are quite similar one to one. In 2014, the musician of the jartome declared that he was, for the most part, strongly aware of everything, transformed by beauty and talent. Word by word from the right went to wiklik on duel ... on the drums. The stars, however, were playing the battle of drummers in the usual Jimmy Fallon TV show. The leader bares Ferrell with his face.
privid
A lead for duel, by the point, see one - an image of honor. However, present for others the image of the duelants bully nayr_znoman_tnish_. “Did you know how much you went for the right? And then all for the actresses, for the picture, for the horses or for a portion of frost, "- stating the character of the story" Viprobuvannya ", written in 1830 by Oleksandr Bestuzhev-Marlinsky. Viklik can be recognized in the theater for comments on the drive of the actors, on a visit for the transfer of a plaque, on the street for an unintelligible gesture. Colonel Sergiy Starov's bribe to the rock of Bilya Pushkin, squeezing the satisfaction of 1822 through music at a public ball. He sings to the orchestra grati mazurka, interrupting the entreated pidleglim Starov's square dance, and the colonel is intriguing for the whole regiment. Duel vidbulasya, the offense missed.
Duel Pushkina with Dantes. Adrian Volkov. Rik 1869
The woman has been overwhelmed by the confrontation. In the spring of 1825, the partnership rozburhala duel mіzh courtiers, fligel-ad'yutant Volodymyr Novosiltsevym, and a common nobleman, lieutenant Kostyantin Chernovim. Fligel's adjutant officially enlisted the lieutenant's sister, albeit through an unhappy mother, who respected the name of a lacking nobleman, forwarded with different drives by making a contribution. The goal of the scribbling, the application of honor to all the motherland of the Chernovikhs, was able to blow only bloodshed. Duelanti fatally injured one one. The funeral of the lieutenant was re-made, behind the wislovo of the cultural scientist Yuriy Lotman, in "the first high-school manifestation in Russia." The yurba was picked up against social irregularities - in the middle of the gentry camp.
Dances without a mediocre political motives in Russian Empire until the ear of the XX century buli rіdkіsnі. Then z install sovereign dumi parliamentary debates more than once gave a clue to the Wiklik. So, in 1909, the conflict between two deputies-one-party members - Oleksandr Guchkov and Count Oleksiy Uvarov - ended. Guchkov easily injured his adversary, and the count was whirled up. If in offensive rotsi Guchkov was overtaken by Derzhdumi's head, the one who was brought up for an hour was more important, and after a large court in the fortress in a fortune after a series of trips.
Vidmova in satisfaction without vibachen for the image of honor, without an important reason, having put the beach on the reputation of both sides. Bouvalo, scho Lyudin, whose viclik vidhili, virishuvalosya on the swing abo suicide, vidnoviti honor... Yakyyavsya vid duel, having spent the right in the fake vidstoyuvat his goodness in the duel. The code of the ear of the XX century punished the officers so that the officer innocently went to the office as unworthy of service. In practice, people often knew how to avoid bloodshed, and often confrontations ended with the reconciled parties.
Testimony of duel vipadkovo murdered by Ulam Shabla. Persha Smuha of the French newspaper. 1926 rik
zbroya
Russian duelants were chosen to choose one of three kinds of zbroi: swords, shablis, for ages. In the 18th century, the European majstries were playing a special match for duel: the chances of a matchmaker to be guilty are equal.
They fought on swords, or with shablyakh, for the front housekeeping, or do not descend from the place, or re-sue on introductions to meet the maidan. Fechtuvati was recommended with a bare torso, or in one shirt, so that she didn’t get the doubles and didn’t give him a dodatkogo. However, in Russia they are willing. On one side, when shooting, the difference in preparation did not so much pour into the result, as in the fencing, that, before the speech, the duel on the pistols was more eager to vibrate the civil. From іnshogo - fights in the fires of the earth, there are more chances for a fatal result: not safe meant scratching.
Duel nabir of the American Senator Rufus King. Kinets of the XVIII century
1 Addition for culture
2 Porokhivnytsya
3 Sumny butt
4 Pistoleta
5 Cleaning rods for kuli stitching in stovbur
6 Vikrutka
7 bullet
8 Barrel cleaning rod
Rides on the pistols rattled off - the duelants fired at the command, or at once on command, standing on the mission or collapsing one to one. Some of them were called so the titles of bar'єr - mitts, which surround the smallest one, on the yak the opponents can get close one to one, call from 8 to 20 crocs. In the іnshomu version of the performance, they went one to one, not behind the directions to the bar, but in parallel lines that were changed by the seconds. On the building, in the fallowness, the rules of the match were given, it was given for three seconds until the chilin. To the one, who opened the gun first, he harbored the shooting in the twilight.
They were especially vivid, they were shot practically point-blank - three crocs through the hustka, which stench was trimmed with our own hands. So, three crocs in 1824 rotsi Rilov z'yasovuvav stosunki on pistols with his sister's kohan, Prince Kostyantin Shakhovsky. Persha kulya easily wounded Ril'ev. Two opponents were smashed in the air, and the seconds were forced to duel. I’ll be able to shoot for the signal, stand in a breath at the fresh grave.
The eaters were cold-blooded and without spirits. Until the so-called American duel in 1861, the Warsaw governor-general Oleksandr Gershtenzweig and the king of the Polish kingdom Karl Lambert were inquiring about the new state of affairs. The dignitaries were pulling the colt: in the middle they pulled two knots of the nasal jig. Gershtenzweig, who took up the one on which the vuzol was tied up, shot himself down behind the minds.
Duel of the vice-president of the United States Aaron Burr with the collegiate finance minister Oleksandr Hamilton, who, as a result, lost. 1804 rik
Don't sing
On duel, they rizikuvali lives and ...
... composer... The duel of Georg Fridrikh Handel with the track of Johann Matteson is more nagaduvav bіyku, nіzh duel. In 1704, in the finale of Matteson's opera "Cleopatra", two composers did not add a song to the harpsichord. The stench whipped swords and began to play the theater. Lying down, if Matteson was angry about Oudzik on Handel's zhupana.
... painter... In 1870, the writer Edmon Duranty sharply criticized the paintings of one, Edouard Manet. The artist has made a serious impression of Durant's viklikav on a duel, giving him publicly, in a cafe, a lapas. They fought with swords, moreover, with such a lute, that the zombie was bent. Manet easily injured his adversary, for which the people of the mystery were reconciled and the friendship continued. Mane's second was the writer Emil Zola.
... dictator... In 1921, the socialist Ettore Chikkotty made a comment on the duels of the late duelist Benito Mussolini, then calling him in the newspaper “we are not the only people who have infected the suspicious life”. The politicians locked themselves in awake and swooped down on swords, leaving Chikkotti Gerasimchuk disgustingly.
... choreographer... In 1958, the 52-year-old choreographer Serge Lifar, the freak of Kiev, and the 72-year ballet dancer of the Chilean promenade, Markiz Georges de Cuevas, were clasped swords near Paris. Before dueli instilled a conflict through the change, as Kuevas entered into Lifar's choreography in the ballet "Chorne i Bile". The duet will end on a som_y chillin, if the choreographer will easily get hurt in the arm. Duelanti made up.
seconds
For that, as a wiklik of devastation and acceptance, all talk about the minds of the guilty ones will not be sent, but the seconds (which could be from one to three). Take the servant as a second, vvazhalsya unpovagy to the adversary: the second is guilty of being a rivne. Even though the seconds did not give in to reconcile the opponents, the stench discussed all the nuances of the agreement and the rights of the participants, chose and changed the point for the duel, asked the doctor. The sight of people has fallen asleep, it is not for nothing that the duel theoretician Bruno de Laba wrote to the ear of the 20th century: “I’m driving not perennial swords and not fast swords, but rotten seconds”.
Duel two writers, Leon Dodet and Jules Claret. Front of Paris. 1911 rik
Still the seconds were quilting to the cob, and they were still trying to follow the rules. Importantly, it was not sp_znyuvatisya. For the codes, if one of the opponents zmushuvav himself check more than 15 khvilyn, he had the right to leave the place of duel and the open minds dodged out by chance. Lotman pidrahuvav, scho Ongin in Pushkin's novel, arriving on duel with Lensky approximately two years before the housewife hour. Such nondiality, on the thought of a glorious person, is to indicate that the author wants to kill the hero with mimicry. And I’ll sum up the second at Zaretsky’s mice, for example Lotman, when the rules were broken and the rules were broken, as a chance for playing duel and reconciling parties. However, in the practical punctuality, they were not reluctant. If in 1909 there were two poets, Maximilian Voloshin and Mykola Gumilov, who were housewifeed through the poetry of Alizaveti Dmitriyova, the stench of offense lingered on mayzhe for a year, ale duel protest vidbulasya.
Shot from the film "Duelant". 2016 rik
film
"Duelant", 2016 rik
The theme of singing out the honors of openness in the film "Duelant", a historical thriller with elements of mysticism, which will go into wide distribution in Russia on Spring 29, 2016. The director of the film is Oleksiy Mizgirov, in the lead role is Petro Fedorov. The film was made in Petersburg in 1860. The main hero, the ex-officer, has made a living for the team to go to parties to replace the people. In reality, the duel traditions, however, lacked even more opportunities to replace the participant by a stranger: when the vicious people brought their lack of publication, it was accepted, for the honor of capturing a relative or a close friend. The hero of the picture is a zdivuvati glance - behind the script, it's not called a zvychayna lyudin.
Before the time when the opponents were set up, the seconds looked at them in their wandering positions; Then they gave signals before the battle, followed the hour and followed the rules. Having remembered the poroshennya, the stink of boules of goiters' knitted zupiniti of parties. Seconds rant about the end of the duel, fixed the result in the protocol, transported the wounded.
Having become entangled in the conflict, the seconds could enter into the essence of themselves. In such, "quadruple", duel, the brother's fate was brought to Oleksandr Griboedov, moreover, he himself became a blame for rozbrat. Maybutny is the author of the comedy "Woe to the Rose" being friends with the ballerina Avdotya Istominoi. If she has boiled with the cohanim, Vasil Sheremetevim, Griboedov will lead the devil to his friend, Count Zavadovskiy, who lives with him. Sheremetєv with zealous viklikav Zavadovskiy on duel, and with the mind, the second, Griboєdov and his namesake Yakubovich, the Maybut Decembrist, who is also guilty of shooting. In 1817, on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, there was a first duel, and Sheremet was mortally wounded. Yakubovich was sent from the capitals to serve in the Caucasus. If in 1818 the fate of Griboedov went on a trip to Tiflis, Yakubovich rozshukav yogo, and on his way to visit. The scribe missed, the enemy shot through the bottom of it. 11 years later, in Tehran, if the Persian religious fanatics violated the Russian diplomacy, they just missed Griboadov's opinion that they were killed because they were killed at the same duel.
A suit and a pistol for dressing up with strikers with wax kuli - the original rocking of the 1900s
The revolution with the noble camp and the bearers was over, and the revolution was not lost in the new Radian state. Aleh, the memory of duel traditions came to life for an hour. In the 1940s, the rocky singing of two poets, Lev Gumilov, was in the heat of the baked super-speeches on the theme of the relevance of the victories to the duel of the writer Sergiy Snegov. It was not because of the fact that in the Norilsk right-labor camp of the GULAG, there were some spokesmen, it was unfortunate by the way that there was a chance.
Photo: Alamy / Legion-media, Fine Art Images (x2) / Legion-media, Getty Images (x2), Getty Images (x3), Bain News Service / Library of Congress
Duel Code of the Russian Empire Duel Code It is known that the duel came to Russia from the Sunset. Vvazhaєya, scho persha duel in Russia was born in 1666 in Moscow. Two officers from the Earth fought ... the Scotsman Patrick Gordon (who later became the Petrovsky General) and the English Major Montgomer (the last spoky and ashes ...). Duel in Russia is a strong vampire for character. Peter the Great, I would like to nasadzhuvav in Russia the European sounds, minds not without dudes and trying to fix them all at once by strict laws. Who needs to know, succeeded. Duelei of the middle of Russia in rocky rule was not big. Chapter 49 of the Petrovsky Vіyskiy Statute of 1715, titled "Patent about the problems and repair of welds", voiced: "I can't use the image of the honor of someone who has been scrapped by a certain rank," punished. For the very viclik on the duel there was a change in the ranks and the part of the confiscation of the lane, for the vikhіd to the fights and the firing of the zombie - the stratum! More confiscation of the lane, including the seconds. Peter III fenced the house for the nobility. So in Russia there was a generation, for someone to see a sidelong glance, I could lead to a duel. In spite of all the shortcomings, the duel snatched the price of life, the welcome of the people and wondered at life in a different way. In addition, the staff of the duel and the door trash and the workers in the suspension are smaller. On the right, in the one of the Russian nobility, the HONOR of the beloved of the watchdog in life. "Soul to God, heart to women, Borg to Batkivshchyna, honor to none!" Lyudin because of her zealous honor, she didn’t get involved as a nobleman. You just didn’t have a hand ... Due to the Russian duel code, it is not possible to adapt from duel bulo. Such vchynok roztsіnyuvsya yak viznannya vlasnіy incapacity. Rozkvit duels bouv in the rock of the king of Oleksandr I and trivial stink right up to Oleksandr III. Quite simply, Emperor Pavlo I of all sorts of proponents proponed through the conflict between government officials, not through the path of failure, but through the meeting between the emperors ... in Europe, the prophecy was not given. Buv in Russia and a comic vipadok, if two high-ranking officers tried to beat the building with artillery signs. Found those who are duel vidbulasya. It is a pity, the result of її unavailability. Even in Europe, it was too much for the ostentatious empty space for the conquest of women, in Russia it was not legalized to be used up. .. If for duel they dominated the Caucasus, to see the emperors even more often they would blurt out their eyes, the suspension of duel would need them. Just at once in Russia, as it is seen, two heads are bad and the roads are bad ... then in that important historical hour there was a third bed - duel on pistolets. Read more -
The tradition of duel originated in the New Hour in the middle of the Western European aristocracy. Such parties have strict regulations. Winning by the code - the crypts of the foreign rules. The duel in Russia has been changed to the classic European viglyad. For a long time, the state fought against the cymbals, the deafening illicit and the passing over quietly, hto, unaffected on the fence, firing as if fighting the enemy in a cold atmosphere.
Codex
The Code of Conduct was established by giving and the reasons for the decisions, the views, the procedure for conducting, receiving and accepting the Wiclik. The skin duel in Russia has adhered to the set of rules. As soon as Lyudin ruled the dynas of the installation, we wondered if we were to be dishonored. The number of national codes has disappeared. The witnesses between them are bully.
The first duel code can be used to change the French document of 1836 to rock. Yogo saw Count de Shatoviliar. On the basis of the code, there were analogs in other countries, including in Russia. The zbirka became the most important European zaberk of rules, which in 1879 released Count Verger. Nayvіdomіshim Russian vіtchiznyanim document of such a plan BUV Durasovskіy code 1912 roku. According to the rules, there were some wines of the storage facilities, and they were organized duels in Russia. The 19th century has become a period of traditional traditions. To that, the code will be issued to a leather nobleman and an officer before the appearance of the Durasov editorial office. Vidannya 1912 rock will have a set of recommendations, scho pidkrіplyu zalnovіdomі zvichaї.
The tradition of the classic duel of the New hour is to get involved in the decline of the old Lyceum tournaments of Serednyovichchia. In both cases, battles fought for the right honor with a singing ritual, as if they were not seen by any of the opponents. boules were hunted down in the 16th century due to the fact that the evocative treatment of the opponents was old and became ineffective. The very same thing was born of a duel, which reached the heights of its evolution in the 19th century.
zbroya
A group of duels in Russia, as in the other lands, were carried out solely for the additional cold zbroi. Tse bully blades, like aristocrats or vijskovy zzvychay carried with them. Such types of zbroi buli rapiri, swords, dingzhali. As soon as there are court trips (extensions only in the Middle Capital), then the vibir is lying in the judgment of the court. On the new one was poured into the same number and the camp of the opponents. If the superniks did not follow the "noble" vernaculars of the suspension, the stench could have fought іvsіm on the socks or kiyks.
Cebto and shields ceased to be victorious in the 17th century. At that hour, the technique of fencing was rapidly developing. The gravity of the attack became a great role in the battle. For a long time, there was a massive transition to rapieri, as the boules are already prickly, and not spiteful.
In the 18th century, since duel in Russia giblets became a common tradition in the army, single-shot chicks became wider and wider. Vikoristannya vognepalnoy zbroi richato changed in the tradition of tête-à-tête. Now physical training did not infuse the result of the battle, but for all the participants. Cold zbroya vimagalo big number navichok. Just as one duelant saw the master fencing and steal more beautifully, he was not rizikuvav. In the battle with the pistols, everyone, navpaki, virishuvav chi not slapadok. To drive the scandals of the shooter, to beat in his opponent, for whom to finish with a lot of success.
Canon and exoticism
Bagato duel in Russia The 19th century was carried out on a victorious basis identical to the wager of pistoles (specially prepared and to the least similar details). All the factors maximized the chances of the opponents. At one point in the age of older people, there could be orders of numbers on the stoves. Christmas duel in Russia is remembered only for yak pishy bey. However, the detailed format of the vinik is far from all at once. Earlier, the boule was popular in the fire-fighting duel, in which the opponents sat on horseback.
Bilsh ridkisnym boules of a party, de vikoristovuvalis guintivki, rushnytsi or karabini. Protected by the fixation of the state of affairs and pre-boreal health. Deyaki are boi bully more exotic. During a duel in Russia, if the opponents (captain Zhegalov and bailiff Tsitovich) were victorious in the midst of the candelabra, so as one of the participants was not both fencing and shooting.
wiklik
Traditionally, the duel were repaired on the wiklik. The image became the drive for the newcomer, if the lyudin was in love, she had the right to wicked his own wicked man for admission. Danius call the bindings for the understandings of the honor. Vono bulo to reach wide, and the yogo interpretation lay in a concrete vypadku. With a whole lot of material, superheroes about meno or pennies were sent to the nobility in the courts. Having suffered as a result of giving an official skarga to his own crooked person, he didn’t have the right to win that one for a duel. In the first place, the two vlashtovuvali through the public glum, obstinacy, jealousy, etc. D.
It is important, and those who represent a human being, are visible to the understanding of this era, even if only for the social camp. The very same duels were carried out in high schools: between the nobles, the Vyskovs, etc., Ale cannot be uyaviti bey between the townspeople and the aristocrat. It’s a young officer who wished to see his boss, but he was left without a shkodi for his honor vedhility wiklik, who would like to see a drop, if some of them were still organized. Basically, if a super-network of people from the local socialist faiths got lost, their litigation went through all the way to the courts.
In the form of a code, it is recommended to spokyno vimagati vid vidnik vibachen. Once you see it, you know about those seconds before the enemy arrives. Viklik will be written (cartel) or will fall asleep. In a good manner, vvazhalsya zurnutitsya to the crook with a stretch of the first to finish the picture. Tightening The phone is not tightening.
Lonely boules vipadki, if the people imitating the decilkoh people at once. The rules of duels in the 19th century in Russia in this kind of vipad were set, when one of them was victorious at the duel of the crook only one of them (when the viklik came the kilka, satisfied with the deprivation of one on the vibir). Denmark call up the power of power over the wicked person Zusillas without power.
see the image
The code is divided into three types according to the degree of severity. The great images were conjured up by words and only got the pride of a nobleman. The stench did not stick to the reputation for a good name. Tse could be awkward vislovuvannya, public vipadi against the callous viglyadu, manners of pulling and t. D. Heavy images were applied by an obscene gesture or a word. The stench stuck with reputation and honor. So it could be zvinuvachennya in breach or obscene like. Some vchinki, as a rule, were brought to a duel until they were wounded, or to the first blood.
Nareshti, the code regulated the images of the third stage. Until such aggressive action was taken away: throws with objects, blunders, blows. However, the appearance of some of the reasons for the image was not completed. Before them, the cheer of the squad was zarakhovuvala. As the obrazheniye appeared in an analogous way in the bik of his crook, he did not let his right to signify a duel. However, boules and nuances. If the obrazheniye was presented in a more grave manner (for example, giving a blunder at the sight of a light mockery), then the defended side became a cheat, which won the right to initiate a duel.
Dіyuchі lycea
Tilki sami duelians, їkh seconds, as well as licar could be present at duel in Russia. 19 th century, the rules that will be based on the principles of foreign origin, to embrace the era of the development of the tradition. The Code of Laws for the Protection of Victims for the Duel of Most Relatives. For example, you can’t fight with your brother, but you can’t fight with the two. They also fenced in duel between employees and creditors.
Women, as well as people with serious calories or ailments, could not become participants in the battle. Having withdrawn and vіkovy qualification. We didn’t see the wiki of people older than 60 years old, I want to see the wines. People were imitating them, because there is no small right for brothers to share in the duel, when the "patron" replaces them. As a rule, the closest relatives became such people.
The honor of a woman, theoretically, at the moment of capturing a witch in the hands of a wicked cholovik, especially if the image of a bull was applied in a huge mice. When the squad is unstable, it’s up to the cholovik on duel. Yakshcho zradiv cholovik, yogo mіg viclikati is a relative of the dvchini, for be-like the one who pobed the cholovik.
seconds
The classical rules of duels on pistolets were allowed, but between the wicklik and the boom itself, the model and the not guilty objections were made and played one by one. For the conduct of the negotiations, seconds were appointed, who organized the preparation before the meeting. Yak them the code recommending to select people with a non-flash reputation and good reputation social camp... Seconds vouched their honor for those who will comply with the norms of the code and are organized with the best minds for supernicks.
Vvechalsya wrong, if the organization of the match was taken by a person who was set up. The very same duel in Russia, the rules of what the boules obov'yazkovy for all parties, fenced off the sign of a second close relative. The more important "right hand" was started by the team, who took the fate of the fight. Duelant would allow the second to take a day to come to his own investigation, or to accept the person from the second, forming his people. As a rule, the neighbors only passed on the occasionally, visually, the functions of the chickens.
As a matter of fact, we trust the people not to go home about the world, but to start discussing the technical details of the future fixing. From now on, it’s stale, if there’s a deadly duel, for only to the first blood, if it’s bar'erne will come (as it will be for the last time). In Russia, the code allowed to berate people to the side of offense, but they could be an arbiter, in case the seconds could not go about talking about the duel. The decision of such an individual was taken by opponents without a list. One of two seconds took on one more important function. Win was ordered on the most duel (by giving the command to shoot, etc.). Likar for a match is consumed by the buv, in the first place, for the statement of injury or death, but in a different way, for additional help they took away the good.
go fight
As a rule, duel were seen in desolate places and early lies. The hour of arrival of the opponents will be strictly meaningful. Iakshcho the participant zapiznyuvavsya more than 15 minutes, his supernick at the time of dying, and getting caught in this kind of vypadvavsya deviated and letting the honor.
Once on the cob, the seconds were sent to end the conflict peacefully. At once, the stench was deafening for the long time that the rules of duel were cleared up. In Russia, bully has a vibachennya in front of the rest of the bar. The one who started kolivatisya, if the proprietor still bare the ear of duel, became known as a boyaguz. Opponents fired or attacked one cold fire for the command of one three seconds. Winning the duel is finished. The trip ends with the victorious years, wounded or the death (in the presence of households) of one of the participants in the circle of evil.
As a result, the duelans lost their lives, in the end the stench squeezed one hand to one. Krivdnik bringing his vibachennya at the time. Such a gesture doesn’t belittle him, because the honor of the bully was renewed by the way. Vibachennya pislya by dinka respected the deprivation of the tribute of tradition and the norm of the code. If the duels in Russia were witnessed by the horror, the seconds after the end of the battle compiled a detailed protocol of what had become. Vin sings with two signatures. The document is necessary for the confirmation of the fact that the duel passed in accordance with the norms of the code.
Dueli in cold weather
The standard options for the duel stayed in the aristocratic middle until the 19th century. In the first place, the character of the match, having begun the vicorists, was turned away. Duels in Russia in the 18th century were conducted on rapiers. The increase in the number of acquisitions has become more and more classic. More often than not, the victorious was identical with the zombie, even after the side of the skin, the adversary quickly swung with a powerful sword.
Duel from the stagnant cold spirits could be ruffled or unruly. At the first option, the seconds broke the platform, or the road, which was allowed to be done. Allowed to enter, bypass those fencing techniques. Neruhoma duel passed, how the supernicks were thrown to the front of the blow, and the beats were standing on their misses as duelants.
Zbroya was trimmed in one rutsi, and a friend was lost behind her back. It is not possible to beat the enemy with powerful colors. They also zaboronyalis grab the enemy blade. Beat starting by sending the signal given by the second ordering officer. Tіlki tsya lyudina mala the right to pinch bіy on pershu and vimoga. The Danish principle is one of the most important for being a duel in Russia. On the 19th century, the rules of what this year are wonderful, having laid in people an understanding of honor, and the stench itself was not heard by the proprietor, to visit the enemy's second.
Once the supernik has thrown its zombie, it has pulled back the beat and the check to lift the blade. Duel until they were wounded, or until the first blood, they stopped for the first hit. Let us use our word by speaking the likar. Having laid down, as soon as he was wounded in order to continue the battle, the duel ended.
Pistolet Rides
At the 19th century, a boy's set of pistolets was collected in the booth of the noble homeland of the skin. Trimavsya wine for a whole specific line. Vognepalnaya zbroya went on a wiklik on duel. These centuries were single-shot. At the same time, only those who did not get stuck, and who didn’t get involved, were chosen. This rule was necessary in order not to give any one of the opponents a bit more.
Knowing the gun at once giving the arrow a head start. Vona was stronger, but in the 19th century, it was readily available in the main individual, and the leather specimen was distinguished by unique characteristics. Vikoristannya guys pistoletіv allowed tsyu problem. The participants arrived at the meeting in a lonely manner with their underwired boy sets. The rules of duels on pistolets in Russia said that vibir between sets was trying to keep a foal for help.
For the extended tradition of duelians, they were victorious in the open fire, robbed only one building at a time. To achieve often as a result of such volleys, they didn’t get rid of it, but it didn’t take away the injury. To navigate such a vipad, the duel was finished, and the honor - renewed. Opponents of the call did not want to go one by one. At the same hour, a navmisny (or a demonstrative one) built a new goal in mind to create an image. Vіdomі vipadі, if such taints were brought before the new duel.
In the past, the practice was stagnant, with a second they used to talk about the fight until the first injury. In general, as soon as they didn’t build anybody, they recharged themselves again to quiet feasts, they left without eating into a supernik. With a new challenge, the seconds could speed up the distance between the opponents and themselves, they were able to gain the advantage for the duelants.
See in the fiery duel
Yak і the rules of duels with a cold wake, the norms for vognepalnoy allowed for the possibility of an unruly duel. In such a situation, the opponents stood up at 15-20 crocs one at a time. They could be built one hour at the command of the warrantor or, by the way, they could start to look like foals.
Naybilsh will expand in Russia buv ruhlivy parties with bars. In a wide range of opponents, there is a special road. The cordon was denoted by pereskods, in which they could be victorious, be it great objects. When the superiors' commanders were repaired, they were coming together, collapsing, one by one. Zupinivshis at the bar'єru, the duelant has built.
Appeared from 15 crocs in Russia was known as "peaceful". At such a distance, the shots were quickly taken to the target. Tse bulo "noble to come." However, Oleksandr Pushkin, in 20 crocs, is not bothering to the bottom. Duel naoslip was also practiced. In such a fit, the choloviks were built over the shoulder, standing one to one with their backs.
Deyakі duelі vlashtovuvalis for the principle of Russian roulette. Before her, we went into the times of irreconcilable warriors and shooters. Opponents stood up at 5-7 crocs. Three two centuries charged only one. Zbroya rose behind the stallion. In such a rank, superniki maximally improved the risk and effect of the result. Foals gave equal chances, and on the same principle the rules of duels on pistols were primed. The Code also includes a muzzle-to-muzzle match. Rіznitsya in front of the front fell only in the fact that the offense of the gun was charged. A little bit of the stosunnya ended up not so long as the bend of both shooters.
Naybіlsh zhorstokі fights harmed ancient Europeans sprymati Russian duels of the XIX century "we will legalize murder". For the sake of justice, the state fought for the last hour against this tradition. The duelants were not very happy with the title, and they were given the opportunity to do it.
In Europe, the Russian duel was called “barbarism” and “the legalized form of driving”. On the right, in the fact that in Europe the period of "duel fever" of tying up with battles in cold weather, then in Russia, there was more deadly zbroya in Russia.
In Europe, in the first half of the 19th century, the Russian duel was called "barbarism" and "the legalized form of driving."
All evil comes from "minion"
The tradition of duel in Russia is introduced. Unimportant for those who, for a long time in Russia, have learned the tradition of both ships' battles for fighting disputes, as well as those before battles, until they see us duel, it’s not possible to see us.
In Western Europe, the duel as a way of winning the honor of a nobleman appeared in Italy in the 15th century and became even more widespread in the country. Until the ear of the XVI century, duel Bula in full zvychaynoy for the noble camp Western Europe... At the same time, the lower boundary of the participants in the game dropped to 14 rockets.
Unimportant to those, since the 16th century, the monarchs fenced off like monarchs, so the church, Europe survived the manifestation, like "duel a feverish woman."
On April 27, 1578, one of the most recent duels in history, "duel minion", was seen in the Parisian park Tournelle. Tse buv of trips to trips and the approach of the King of France Henry III(Minion) and henchmen of the Duke de Guise (gizaram). As a result of the duel, four out of six participants in the duel lost.
Unimportant on the official fence of duels, the French monarch saw guilt, and who died, they ordered themselves to be praised in small mausoleums and put up marmur statues.
Such a position before "duel minion" called to the splash of popularity of duel and to see the appearance of professional duelants, won their glory with innumerable duels. The drive for duel in such a fall could have been a dribnitsa, but it wouldn’t be possible to look at it, or a super-link to drive the odyagu.
Minyon is a member of the king's retinue. The word mignonne s French language translates to yak "krikhitny". In a word, from the 16th century they called the favorites of the king's individual. In the English language, however, the word minion is more neutral, meaning a given servant.
Peter the Great: hang by the legs of those killed in duels!
The European "duel fever" in Russia in the whole sense of the panuvalo is more relaxed. Persha duel here became a deprivation in 1666 rotsі. Maybutny general of Peter the Great Patrick Gordon and one more officer-nyman, Major Montgomer, became superniks.
In 1682, the royal tsar Sophia signed a decree, allowing people to serve people to carry a special guard, supervising him with a fence on the evening.
The popular film "the arap of Peter the Great" has a monarch-reformer with a readiness to accept a wiklik for a duel for his wickedness. In reality, Peter the Great, unaffected by the cunningness of the European culture, before duel, was put in a negative way.
One of the chapters of the Petrovsky Vіyskogo statute of 1715 for the wake-up call for the duel passed a punishment at the viglyadi of the mercy of the rank and the partial confiscation of the main, for the waiver of the meetings and the deafening of the child - I will die punishment in all the seconds.
"Vіyskovy article", which is a clarification of the provisions of the Vіyskovy statute pіdtverzhuvav "the most severe fence" wіklіkіv and poєdinkіv. Moreover, the hunger was transferred to the quiet, hto ... to the duel. The corpses of such disappeared hang by the legs.
"The form of driving is legalized"
Protest, right up to the other half of the 18th century, duels in Russia did not take on a mass character. However, under Katherine II, the stench grows in an increasingly popular way of shedding wines, especially in the middle of the young, wicked in the European Union.
In 1787, Kateryna Velika had a haircut, she saw her hair, and released the "Manifest about fights". At the new duel, they called themselves "aliens from the earth"; to the participants of the duel, which ended up bloodlessly, standing in the position of being punished by a penny fine (not victorious seconds), but crooks, "as if for the siberian" to the world, I help on duel the yak was recognized for the imposition of an analogous crime.
Ale did not help anything. The first half of the 19th century was the peak period for the Russian duel. At the same time in Europe, tradition has declined, the Russian duel was called "barbarism" and "legalized form of driving."
On the right, in the fact that in Europe the period of "duel feverishness" was bound up with battles in cold weather, in Russia the crossing was carried out in the open, as it led to heavy inheritances in times.
"Shlyakhetna" duel amused Pushkin's life
In Russia, having snapped to finish the versatile change of views of duels.
Nybilsh with a widened bullet is so called "ruhoma duel with bar'ers". On the way, there was a "distance" (10-25 crocs), between them were meant "bar'ers", in which they could be stashed as objects, laid across the road. Opponents rode up to the ravines of the barracks, triumphantly in the hands of the barrel uphill. For the command of the proprietor, the opponents repaired their descent - collapsing nazustrich one to one. It can be like a shvidk_styu, it is possible to enter and back it is hardened, it is possible to zupinyatsya not too well. Dyyshovshi to his own bar'єru, the duelant is guilty of buv zupinitisya. The order of construction was carried out in a moment, and more often they were fired on readiness, in a pre-order. According to the Russian rules, for the first to build that one of the supernicks, which has not yet been shot, but the enemy of the Wiysh is right to his own bar, and with such a rank, he made it possible to shoot from the smallest point of view. Vidomy visliv "To the barrier!" as time i means taku vimogu.
Duel with 15 crocs vvazala "noble", more than a lethal result in this vipad, but not so imovirny. Protest, Oleksandr Sergiyovich Pushkin otrimovav mortally wounded in duel of 20 crocs.
Fights "to a fatal result"
On the vidminu from Europe, in Russia, they saw duel, and they were pointing at the inhabitants of the first lands. For example, a duel "for a bunch of crocs": with a wide variety of options, opponents roztashovuvalis at a distance, so that the guaranteed food is guaranteed. Couples of this kind often ended in the death of both participants.
In one vikoristovuvsya variant of the duel's cycle, when one pistol was charged, the duel's zombies were trimmed after the colt, for which the offense was pushed onto the trigger. In this kind of "unlucky" vypaddiv practical words for death.
In Europe, until the ear of the 19th century, there were no species of duels, as they transferred an obov'yazkovy bend of one of the participants. Russia had seen duels "to a fatal result." One of such bouts of fights is on the edge of the break - wounds in duel falling in the middle of a day and ginuv.
Gradation by step image
The drive for duel vvazhavsya beats, application of honor to the victim, as well as honor of this family. In the singing surroundings, the viclik has a status and for the image of the honor of the third person, who will be given the intercession of the viclik.
By the drive until the duel could not have been the infliction of what would not have been material hits. In addition, the brutalization of the scargo to the possession of the defended right of the vimagati was pleased with the help.
The image took the place of the gradation, and it was by no means that it had taken away the right to vimagati of quiet minds.
Tsіkavo, scho the image, zapped zhіntsі, vvazhivat on the crack more heavy, nіzh analogous, аlе applied tо cholovіkovі.
Satisfied can be bulo vimagati and іd formed a nobleman woman - however, this way was evaluated two steps lower, not analogous, applied by a head. In any case, the suspicion on the wiklik would be brought to such a glance by the relative of the insulting, and not the very same.
A little bit with witches, ale without glances
The images were recommended right there, at the moment, in a spoky and important tone of vimagati vibachen, or immediately declare frivolous, that there will be seconds before. Dalі obrazheniyіg or send letters wiklik (cartel), or wicklikati wicked to duel asleep, through seconds. Dobu was the maximum term for a wiklik in the wicked minds. Tightening up with wicklik vvaged in a nasty tone.
It dwindled and more more important rule, Shcho said: "One image - one wiklik." Yaksho yakiy nakhab applying the image to the person with decal at once, on the duel of yogo mіg viclikati only one image. The overwhelming impression was given to the one that was the most rude of the image.
Vvazhalosya in the edge of the unethical perevoryuvat duel in the performance. Krim duelants, on the occasion of the presence of a second and a car. The presence of friends and relatives of the participants was very young, but did not hang around.
It’s long overdue for an hour, as a rule, vrants, opponents, seconds and licar arrived at the mark of the moment.
Allowed storage of one of the sides for 15 chilines. Bilsh triva zatrimka vvazhalsya tricks of duel and meant dishonor.
After resting, go back and forth after 10 minutes, and come all the way. Opponents and seconds bowed one to one.
From the number of seconds, there was a leader of duel, which is a keruvav usima of duels.
Hardly obrazovanie shots first
The proponent for the last time proponuvav duelants to reconcile. Once you see the sides, you have voiced the rules of duel. The seconds signified the bar'єri and vibrated the charge of the pilgrims (in times, as the blow of the bullet from the stagnation in the fire). The rules of the duel vimagal from the participants to the level of all the colonies.
Seconds occupied the mission in parallel to the battle, and likars - behind them. All the opponents met on the command of the warrant officer.
As soon as one of them threw a sword in the course of a fight, one of them threw a sword, or it lamented, or it was quietly, that the enemy fought down - the enemy Mav bi interrupt the duel at the command of the warrant officer, as long as the opponent didn’t run around and didn’t stay in time to continue.
In a fight on pistolets, the small steps of the applied image are of great importance. As the image of the bullet is middle or heavy, then the images are right to shoot first, in the first place, the right to first build by starting the foal.
The right to substitute
The rules of duel allowed the substitution of a participant for a person who represented his interest. It’s possible, as if it’s about a woman who is not full of people, people older than 60 years, whether it’s a sickness or a good thing, how to put him in a clearly uneven camp with the enemy.
The honor of a woman, if I have been able to cleanse, either a person from the number of closest blood relatives, or a person, or a partner (to the one who supervised the wife at that hour and in that moment, it was already created), or, in the event of such a What kind of presence at the image or knowing about new and what is important for yourself for the need to intercede for the woman.
At the same time, the right to gain the honor could be denied by a woman who could not be allowed to behave from the point of view of suspicious norms. Yaksho the lady has risen to glorify herself overwhelmingly to the wicked occasions, the viklik in її zahist without respecting the deisnim.
Tі, scho saw duelans became friends
The rules of dueli fenced off parties with close relatives, to which there were blue, daddy, grandchildren, grandchildren, uncle, nephews, brothers. Duel with two-year and three-year brothers were honored with the right to be admissible.
As a result of the duel of offense, the opponents, as a result, lost themselves alive and in witness, then the stench did not squeeze one hand in one hand, the wicked ones - vibration Upon completion of the duel, honor was respected by the renewal, and whether the adversaries' claims were one to one against the drive of the great image, they would not be destroyed.
Vzhavalya, that in battle the duel guilty will become friends, or, as minimum, pіdtrimuvati dalі normal vіdnosini. Repeated wiklik of the same individual to the most common situations in the most extraordinary cases.
Yak Ministr Vannovsky ruled the renaissance of the Russian duel
Mayzhe, throughout the entire 19th century, the Russian monarchs adopted the laws, straightened on the fence. Emperor Mikola I said: “I hate duel. Tse is barbarism. At my glance, in ny dumb litsarsky. The Duke of Wellington is proud and good in the English army. " At the same hour, however, they have reduced the performance for duel. Announced in 1845, the revision of the "Settlement about criminal punishments" increased more and more from the viewpoints of seconds and politicians, and the participants were thundered from 6 to 10 years.
In practice, there was a lot of punishment - most often the winners in deadly duel were intertwined with a lot of confusion and insignificant reductions in ranks.
Until the end of the 19th century, the popularity of duels in Russia declined. However, in 1894, thanks to the presentation of the military minister Petro Vannovsky, with the help of the change in the fighting spirit in the army, the duel bully were not just legalized, but in some cases they became viscous for the officers.
Logical pidsumkom became the increase in the number of duels. Even in the period from 1876 to 1890 rock in Russia before the court went out of 14 information about the official duel, then in 1894 - 1910 rock was brought 322 duel. With a total of 250 of them, boules were held for the decisions of the judges of the official honor, who were given the right to sign the party. Only 19 turned out to be self-motivated duels, without the permission of the bosses, only 19, and the participant was not attracted to prominence.
From 322 duels of the given period 315 flew on pistols and only 7 - in cold weather. Most of the deaths of 1894 - 1910 ended in bloodlessly or with minor wounds, and only 30 - beaten down or with important wounds of the duelants.
Dinners on gvints: yak ginuli Russian emigrants
On duels on the cob of the XX century, it was not only the victorious, the ale and the politicians who fought, but also the daily culture. Oleksandr Guchkov will be the duelant of the boulevard leader "Soyuz 17 Zhovtnya" middle capital Mikoloy Gumilovim and Maximilian Voloshin.
Institute of Russian duel having pinched its own writing Zhovtnevoy revolution 1917 rock, at the same time with the attributes of the state suspension.
In the Bily Army, and even in the middle of the Russian emigration, until the 1930s, there was one more original type of match - a duel on Mosin's guints. With a lot of damage, the power of the whole healthy rocked the lethal result practically inevitable. For angry people, such a duel became a free "noble" way of suicide.
Russian duel
Reconstruction of the classic Russian duel on swords-noblewoman.
Film Duelant (2016) - trailer
180 years ago, on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, a duel between Pushkin and Dantes was summoned. The obrazheni sings died from a mortal wound, together with hundreds of young noblemen. On the day of the cob call of the "Russian song" Life - about the rules of satisfaction and specialness of the "high" vbivvie in old Russia.
- You need to be shown in the circus: what kind of a nobleman are you? Smile! Apparently, your mother often disappeared in the evenings, - laugh, saying P'ur.
- You will be in front of the cooler! The virodok is here just tee. The second will be taken. Let the Lord rest your soul!
The images Yaroslav turned around and grunting the doors flooded. Win chuv behind his back laughs of P'ar. Well, before we laugh, the fallout of the noble family is already sound. Yunak immediately went to Varvarka to his well-known dad - the old man became a second.
- Pistolet? Sword?
- Pistolet.
- Yak will you shoot?
- To death.
The second poyhav to the crook. Already there it was buzzed, so the noblemen would be shot at point-blank range, three crocs. Offended by young people, they wanted a shrewd attitude of food, like they were fooled, they wanted to eat. The rules of the Maybut duel were written down by the seconds, and they also assigned an hour to go - the 8th rank, in the first half of the day from the capital. More precisely, it was the best of times to vibrate along the road: it was necessary to know a maidan of no less than 40 crocs per meal and no more than twelve crocs.
Yaroslav is not happy. Tse bula yogo persha duel, and won - to death. Already about 7:45 am at the same time with the second of the check for a confirmation. He stayed a couple of khilin before the meeting - win, as he himself was stverdzhuvav, got up vipiti kawi and take care of the squad.
Misce vibrano. Seconds rorakhoyuyut rozmir bar'єru - three crocs, at the place of such gentlemen will be shot at once.
- One, two, three ... Shoot!
- Poof!
The first, who has not yet been overwhelmed by the number of crocs, whistled the images of Yaroslav. Build up after drinking ...
Ні, without drinking.
- Go to the cob bar'єru, well.Were ahead! Now you do not have the right to shoot at the code. Check the construct of the opponent, - the witty second said to Yunakov.
Kulya zipsuvala and without that vilification of an officer's coat, passing between the ribs. On the vidminu of Yaroslav's self-satisfaction, P'Ur shot more than once and beautifully, but let the newly-minted "beat" only ... And dal - just built in the chest. Behind the rules.
Seconds recorded that Yaroslav was "fatally wounded." Zagalom, trapilas did not give poluvannya.
I don’t smell it. Rules of the Gallic pivnya
The culture of duel came to Russia less than Europe. Unimportant for those who Peter I saw a harsh decree about raising for duel (dermal, whoever was honored, including seconds), in the epoch of "dinks of honor" it has not yet boomed.
- Petro saw the decree on the rise of duelants, so that after giving it, sooner or later, the European fashion will come to the land of European fashion. Even in the Russian army, there were a lot of foreigners, who came from the lands, in which they practice. Tse persh for all France, - the story of the historian and the author of the book "Duels and duelyans. Panorama of the capital's life" Yakiv Gordin. - Classical duels (that is, they obeyed the old rules) in Russia were honored in the Katerininsky era. An ear of Russian duel tradition and art story of Oleksandr Pushkin "Captain's daughter" - there is the head hero Petro Grinov and his antagonist Oleksiy Shvabrin on swords.
Until 1832, the rules of the Russian duel mali fell asleep in tradition, even writing codes were not found in Europe. NS The first reference and report duel code appeared in 1836 in Paris under the pen of Count Shatovilyar. The rules are followed and in Russia there are "great" parties between the nobles.
A pair of vikorisovyvalosya in the dudes was cold with a saber, swords. A little later, since the ear of the 19th century, the popularity of the centuries (single-shot curls) has grown. Through the tselyeley it became less, take it quietly, but a few were respected deadly. Even from the swords died infrequently - after one prick the satisfaction could have been successful, - but from the side ... Most of the wounded bullets were fatal.
The classic duel is small in uvaz, but opponents recognize two seconds each - the stench will be guilty, vibrate misce, hour after, bar'єr (be seen in crocs), and also quilted for him, and satisfaktsiya obeyed all the rules. One of the seconds, the French code, is guilty of the boutique licar, which, in contrast to the extra help, is guilty. With a lot of varto pidcreslity, the appearance of the drug from the side of the line was brought in by an obov'yazkovy mindset. On the right, not in killing the enemy, but in the fact of self-duel, so that canonically, the death of the enemy is not to blame for the self-determination.
- Duel Bula can only be in the form of a noble honor. Any squabbles, weldings, political super-splices did not give a sufficient reason for failing, - even the historian Yakiv Gordin. - The second was even more important: the supernicks didn’t have much more right to play and play, and all the conversations were conducted by the brains. The stinks were written in writing before the match was made, the stars of the rules and the instructions, and the letter was the protocol of the duel.
However, in Russia all the rules were violated. They didn’t click, the second was most often alone, and the bar was zanadto risikovanim.
- Dueli buli is not safe, not in Europe. As a rule, bar'єr between duelants having become a deprivation of 6-8 crocs, in the edge of a rare phenomenon - 10. Often, duel were seen at close range, on the basis of three crocs. Tse bully deadly double. Pushkіnska duel is a great butt of such a fight, the end of which could be just one thing: some of the participants would be fatally wounded, or beaten into the missile, - beating the respect of Gordin.
Surely, because of the adopted duel code, it is possible for a match to be just plain, so that the image of a non-nobleman could not be respected. In such a case, a representative of a high camp was guilty of being lodged in court. Duel mіzh to non-nobles (for example, commoners) didn’t get into this.
Likewise, the code of mav on uvaz, where the rules of duel will be obov'yazkovo by the seconds are registered on the porch. Protest in Russia, the whole rule has been violated - that is the butt of matches between Mikhail Lermontov and Mikola Martinov.
- And on vіynі Pushkіna there was only one second present from both sides, but guilty there were two people, - pіdkreslyu Gordіn. - The code was passed down asleep, the skin officer knew the rules of it thoroughly.
Russian duels of power peeping hardness: if one of duelants, not reaching the point of bar''ru, to rob the building, and not far away, then the other participant, having the right to click the first one, took to the bar''er and not to destroy the wickedness. Dosvidcheni duelyantsy often koristuvali tsym maneuver. The stench was reddened to provoke the supernik to the first building ... Pushkin's behavior on duel is not to blame: it was the fault of Dantes that he was hit by the first, but the opposite was wrong - the opponent appeared to be a good shooter.
Kulya-fool, abo Podilniki for driving
For a duel, you can get a kick out of life, and that noblemen vigaduvali ways, for a deadly duel of prikhovati. To that, win the satisfaction of being seen from the distance from the place of the world, but in the case of the death of one of the participants, it is possible to say that he was wounded in the love.
As soon as the information about duels was presented to the house of Vlad, then the opponents were given to the tribunal. For example, as the participants in the duel boules of the officers, then the commission was appointed to the regiment, they picked the right and started the punishment, as the rule was even more zhorstoke (for example, according to the Petrovsky decree). The decision was passed on to the regiment commander, and then the division commander - they had the right to pom'yakshiti.
The remaining instantiation buv, slyly, the emperor - glancing at the skin duel to the right. The zazvychay officers were forced into the Caucasus, or they were condemned to the point of being bogged down (for three months at the fortress. - Approx. life). Inodi, if the emperor was not in dusi, the officer could be spared into the soldier or beaten.
Unimportant for those who have a duel of the bull in the way of renewal of honor among the nobles, from the end of the 19th century, such parties began to appear in the middle of representatives of the other countries.
at Oleksandr III duels became officially permitted for the decisions of the office of defense, and later, in 1912, the Russian duel code was introduced (of the past for the last time) by Vasyl Durasov, who, according to the rules of the day However, behind the words of the historians, at that hour there was already no desire to shoot.