Epidermis of a sheet from a microscope with signatures. Klіtinnu budovu sheet plate

Shcheb is more beautiful than the intelligence of the meaning of a green leaf in the life of roslin, which is known from internal budova sheet.

Let's cut the sheet across. Slowly we climb from the transverse leaf opening to the Knitonsh plate. We put it in a dribble of water on the object, along the curved slope and can be seen under a microscope.

Reveal, the leaf is not a green plate. Wines are stored in a cell of different size and form, so that there is no more clique of Budova.

To navit the best sheet of a sheet of a sheet is small, but forgiven an eye it is not clear. If you put a speck on the porch and distribute it in 200-300 parts, then the skin is such a particle by size, it will be expensive. Surprise: from the top and from the bottom of the leaf they are twisted in a row and they will adhere one to one cells of the same size and shape. Tse klіtini shkіrki. Vaughn curled a leaf, oberigaj yogo from pozhkojen and visihannya. Klіtini shkіrki approveI will curl the fabric.

The clientele of the upper shkirki is prosoric, like a sklo, and in the clits of the lower one there are other green clienteles. Tsi guys klitini-name established. Estonian clitini and schilina are called by them Ustitse. The penetration of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is perceived through the passage through the middle of the leaf and into the atmosphere.

A surplus of vologues can also be dispensed through the puddles of the roslini.

In most of the roselin, the food is found only in the lower sheet of the leaf. Ale at the doers, for example, in cabbage, the stench of roasting and in the upper skirts. In the deer, the leaves that float on the surface of the water, for example, in the billy lily-latatta, are found only on the upper side of the leaf. The number of food on the leaves is immense. At the end of the day, we got 2 220 shots per 1 mm, and 550 on 1 mm 2 of maple trees.

On the side of the shkirkoy lie the meatballs. The stench is green, so that in their cytoplasm there is even more than other green plastids - chloroplasts. Greens of chloroplasts are explained by the presence of green barvnik in them - chlorophyll. Chlorophyll in chloroplasts is established only on light. Chloroplasts in quilt roslin are often called according to their formchlorophyll grains.About plastids we know when vivchenny budov and clitini.

The pulp of the leaf is stored in several rows of cells. Klitini, scho adjoin to the upper shkіrtsі, similar to reaching the level of stovpchiki. They are especially rich in chlorophyll grains. The lower cells, more rounded or incorrectly shaped, instinctively lie one to one. They call the space between the clients intercellular spaces. The intercellular spaces of the labial tissue are reserved for the vitamins.

You can see the flesh of the leaf under a microscope, in the middle of it you can make a round shape veins. Surprised, it is not important to notice the transverse growth of species-specific cells - Sudin i fibers, stench make vessel-fibrous bundles leaf veins.

Through the veins, water is sucked in and out of the water, the veins give the leaf a touch.

Sudden-fibrous bundles of the vein are fixed with fibers, vessels and synovial tubes.

Fibers nadayut arkushu mіtsnіst, the stench is stored in the vicinity of the very vinyagnuy clіtin with ryvnіy stіnk.

Sieve tubes at the end of the suspension are fixed by living cells, transverse partitions between the holes like a sieve. Behind the sieve tubes from the leaf in the mustache of the growing line, organic speech is re-sucked.

Klinna Budova leaf of water growth Elodі, yaku often grown in watercolors, can be viewed under a microscope, not to be afraid to see.

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Signatures before slides:

Topic for the lesson: Klitinna budova leaf

Asleep for food: What is the same sheet? What are the functions of the vison list? Are the leaves called petioles, and those which are sessile? Why is it easy to see foldable leaves? What a vein? How do you see the venation? Yake venation is typical for monocotyledonous roslin, should you guide your butt? Yake venation is typical for dvodnykh roslin, Hover butt? Robot on a slide Visually foldable and simple sheets. Visibility of leaflets. Visiting the test for options Zgadaimo material of the last lesson:

Look for simple and folding sheets. Sign up and sign up for type and condition of sheets

Vidpovidі to the first option: 1) b; 2) a; 3) b; 4) b; 5) c. Відповіді to another option: 1) in; 2) b; 3) a; 4) a; 5) a. We will carry out the revision of the test:

We got to know from the name of the bud's leaf. Christmas is cognizable from the inner buda leaf. Uvaga nutrition: why is it necessary and important to plant a microscopic leaf?

Vivchiti Budova Shkirki Arkush; Vivchit budova pulp of the leaf; Vivchit budova leaf veins. The year-round vivification of the leaf, recognizable from the inner (microscopic) bud of the leaf. Before us are three zavdannya:

Nutrition to the class: Let's guess mo, yake budova maє roslinna klitina? Why are the leaves greener? Schob vivchit microscopic buds of green leaves are quickly scattered with the text of the handler page 37, and then with a microscope. I read the article "Budova shkirki", I can see fig. 29 and I can see the transverse view of the camellia leaf under the microscope.

On micropreparations it is known the little ones of the transverse view of the arkusha camellia. Above and below, a sheet of coverings with a shkirkoy.

Rozkazhіt, yak wedged shkіrka? What kind of cloth is it made? Is it even more important that the image of the shkіrki is depicted on the little one? What are the functions of the vicon? Know on micropreparations intercellular spaces. Yake їхнє meaning?

Ustitse (ust_ichnimi apparatus) is stored in two green, quiescent cells, as chloroplasts are found in quiescent cells. The main function of the stomata is the process of vaporization with water, which I will call it transpiration. The basis of transpiration is the physical process of vaporization. The intensity of transpiration is regulated for additional food. Uvaga nutrition: the number of foodstuffs to accumulate in the course of the growing number of factors. Think about what? Read the article "Budova the pulp of a leaf" side 38, see Fig. 30 and again the transverse view of a camellia leaf under a microscope is visible.

Another nourishment for our lesson is the bud's pulp of the leaf. Infectiousness of the knowable from the bud of the flesh of the leaf.

Clown to images on micropreparations and rice. 30 per side. 39 p_druchnik, explain budova klitin myacoti (main fabric) of a leaf. I have a lot of respect for the number of chloroplasts in cells of columnar and spongy tissue. Chim tse viclicano?

Read the article "Budova leaf veins" pp. 38-39, see Fig. 30 and see the following nutrition: What kind of vein? Yak Budovu veins? What are the functions of the vison of veins in the sound of Budova? The third nourishment of our lesson is tse Budova veins.

Yaku budov, mayut klitini shkirki arkusha? Yaku function to stink? Yaku budov may shut up the clitin prodikhiv? Yaku function vikonuyut food Yake budova klin columnar fabric? What is the role of intercellular spaces? Yak the role of veins? We have learned this year at the level:

The sheet at the top of the cover ... .. On the lower side of the arkusha roztashovani ... .. The pulp of the sheet is stored in ... .. The veins are stored ... .. What kind of fabric is installed by the judges and the cytoid pipes ... .. Additional suggestions :

The main function of the leaf is photosynthesis; Photosynthesis is displayed in the school; Ustyachka is mainly located on the upper side of the shkirochka; The pulp of the leaf is made up of columnar and spongy tissue; Veins - the whole wire bundles of the sheet; Razchini peresovayutsya on ships organic speeches... You will find the correct confirmation:

Home office: p-F7, viconati office No. 29 in working order.

Photosynthesis is the process of establishing organic speech from carbon dioxide and water on the light for the participation of photosynthetic chemicals (chlorophyll in roslin, bacteriochlorophyll and bacterihorodopsin in bacteria).

budova leaf closely related to its functions. The sheet is stored in 3 balls

Above and below, a sheet of coverings with a glimpse (div. Fig. 1), which protects each other from the ear and visibility.

Small. 1. Shkіrochka sheet

Shkirochka (epidermis) - one of the types curved fabric roslini. Zvezvychay store for 1 ball of klіtin. Some cells see a wax-like cuticle, a yak covering the surface of a leaf, capturing a leaf from a vaporization of water (transpiration).

The middle cells of the shkirki take revenge on the cells, in the cytoplasm of which there is chloroplast. There is a size between cells. Tsi are called stomata (div. Fig. 2).

Small. 2. Ustitse

Ustyachka vikonuyut functions of gas exchange and viparovannya vodi. The estates of the clientele are zamikatisya, pereshkojayuchi viparovvannyu vodi. Rukhs of estuarine cells lie down due to the safety of the dewline with water, illumination, temperature.

Plastida- the whole membrane organelles, which can be seen in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms ( vischi roslini, Lower water growth, deyaki single organisms). Plastid is prepared with two membranes, in its matrix it has a vigorous genomic system, the functions of plastids are linked to energy-free cells, which are used for photosynthesis.

The stoma is mainly roztasvani on the inner side of the arch. In floating leaves of water weeds, there is a loosening of the leaves on the upper side of the leaf. The stomata do not grow underwater leaves of aquatic weeds.

The lower ball of the epidermisu often lacks hairs, which can change the overheating of the growth and change the steps of transpiration.

On 1 mm 2 leafy surface of stomata are from 50 to 500 pieces.

Budova shkirki arkusha

Visit the arkush of geranium. Break yo and use a dissecting head to mark the shmatochka. Prepare the preparation, examine it with a microscope (div. Fig. 3).

Small. 3. The preparation of shkirki arkusha gerani

Know the lack of barriers, describe them. Know the estates of the arkusha school Cover up the sheet, fill in the signature.

parenchyma- the pulp of the leaf, stored in the main fabric.

In the mountains, the columnar parenchyma (div. Fig. 4), approved by the cells of the columnar forms, is rosted. There may be a lot of chloroplasts, the main photosynthetic cells of the leaf.

Small. 4. Clitini columnar parenchyma

The lower part of the parenchyma (div. Fig. 5). To fold in the wrong shape of the clit, mentally lie down one to one. Few chloroplasts. The intercellulars are reserved for the children. Klitini spongy parenchymal health intensive effective gas exchange.

Small. 5. Klitini labial parenchyma

Gas exchange in biology - chasing and seeing gas, especially acid and carbon dioxide, in living organisms. Transmission and inhalation of sourness and vision in carbon dioxide. In roslin, algae and bacteria, since photosynthesis can take place, the anti-aging process can be observed, if carbon dioxide gas to inhale, but pure kisen is seen.

veins(Div. Fig. 6) - wire bundles of a sheet. It is stored from vessels, cell tubes and fibers.

fiber- Strongly knitted clitines with their own walls. Nadayut arkusha mіtsnіst.

The transport of mineral rivers from roots to leaves is going along the ships. Stinks are stored from vidmerlikh clitin.

Sieve tubes are stored from live cells, behind which leaves are pered to the range of organic streams.

Small. 6. Veins of Arkush, micropreparation

Klіtinnu budovu leaf

Vivchіt ready micropreparations of the transverse vision of the arkush. Look at the klіtini shkіrki arkusha, know the food. Look at the cells of the leaf parenchyma. Describe the shape, shape. Look at the intercellular spaces, guess the meaning. Know the conductive bundles of the leaf, make the clients, their functions. Determine the type of micropreparation with malunky (div. Fig. 7).

Small. 7. Scheme of the leaf budovi

Cover up the transverse view of the leaf, write all the part and type of clitin.

experiment

Place 2 cibulini in a jar of water so that you will get it. Put the cans in a cool place. Put one jar in the illuminated place, and the іnshu in the dark. Slide behind the leaf on cibulins. What do you see? To what?

List of Literature

1. Biology. Bacteria, mushrooms, roselin. Class 6: navch. for zalnoosvit. installation / V.V. Pasichnik. - 14th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2011 .-- 304 p.: Il.
2. Tikhonova E.T., Romanova M.I. Biology, 6. - M .: Russian word.
3. Isaeva T.A., Romanova M.I. Biology, 6. - M .: Russian word.

1. Biolicey2vrn.ucoz.ru ().
2. Engschool18.ru ().
3. Kaz-ekzams.ru ().

Home zavdannya

1. Biology. Bacteria, mushrooms, roselin. Class 6: navch. for zalnoosvit. installation / V.V. Pasichnik. - 14th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2011 .-- 304 p.: Il. - with. 119, plant and food 2, 5 ().
2. How do they function? Yaka їхnya function?
3. Yak vashtovani leaf veins?
4. * Reveal, scho at the leaf of the rapt the clitins of the shkirki were gnawing. What will become of them?

1. What is the function of the vison on the basis of the fabric?

Covering the tissue on the landfill rіznykh speeches, So і їх chase.

2. What are the specialties of the house?

1) the cells are z'ednani even more schilo, without intercellular spaces;

2) cliché shells often develop and become aware of different chemical species, permeated by suberin, cutin and other words, so that they move their power;

3) in order to create a new middle ground in the crotch fabrics, to put on the above-ground organisms of the roselin, to set up a special attachment to the eyes of the stomata or lenticels.

3. How can I use the function of identifying and de-rooting the cells of the main fabric?

The main function of the main fabric is the synthesis and storage of new words. The main fabrics occupy the entire space between curved, mechanical and industrial fabrics.

4. What are the intercellular spaces?

The intercellulars - to the space, how to see in the tissues of the roslin with roses, ruined, or as soon as suspicious clitin. The intercellulars are changing the gas exchange between the cells and navkolishnіm middle, Can be in a variety of products of vidіlny fabrics (resins, ethereal olії, slime, etc.).

Laboratory robot

Budova shkirki arkusha

1. Take a piece of a leaf of a clivia (amarylis, pelargonium, tradescantia), break it and carefully know from the underside of a small portion of a thin, clear-cut shkirka. Prepare the preparation as it is, as the preparation of the shkirki luska tsibuli. Look at it with a microscope. (You can vikoristovuvati prepare preparations of arkush shkirki.)

2. Know the bezbarvnі clitini shkіrki. Take a look at the їх form і budovu. How do you see the clichés stink like?

A sheet of sheet is stored in one ball of consolidation of cells, nestled one to one.

If you look at it with a microscope, then the cells may look irregular in shape. The stench viglyadayut see through, svitlimi. The price was poured by the team, which in the skin of the client is the main space in the middle of them loan central vacuole s classic juice... Everything is located in the cells of the organelle and the nucleus is brought up to the shell by the vacuole.

The main cells of the leaf skins are added with chloroplasts.

Similar cells, they bachili, vivchayuchi shkirku luski tsibuli (and even a chain of leaves, only species). Klіtini shkіrki, yak tseglini mіiskoї stiiny, schіlno lie down one to one.

3. Know the estates. What stinks come from the shkirki tsibuli?

Establishment cells are rostasovani in pairs, confuse cells, where there is a schilina. On the vidminu of the first cells, in the cytoplasm there may be green plastids - chloroplasts.

4. Cover the scaffold of the cybulus with a microscope. Cover the food with okremo. Create signatures on babies.

5. To create a visnovok about the meaning of the shkirka arkush.

Shkirochka is one of the types of crooked fabric and dewline. Її clients seize a leaf from a list and a visihannya.

Laboratory robot

Klіtinnu budovu leaf

1. Vivchit ready micropreparations for arkusha. Know the clientele of the upper and lower skirts, food.

2. Look at the leaf pulp cells. Yaku's shape stink? Yak roztashovany?

From the shkirkoyu there is the pulp of the leaf, which is stored in the main tissue. Two or three balls, without the middle lying down to the upper shkirtsi, set up tightly, one to one, with the pods of the form. The stench is nagaduyut mayzhe of the same size, so that the upper part of the main fabric of the leaf is called columnar. In the cytoplasm of cych clitin, chloroplasts are especially abundant.

3. Know the intercellulars on micropreparations. Yake їхнє meaning?

At the spongy tissue there are intercellular spaces, which are stored in the worms. The stench will dye the gas exchange between the cells and the nourishing middle-class, can be among the products of the most common fabrics (resins, essential oils, slime, etc.).

4. Know the wire bundles of the sheet. Have you got the smell of yaky clitines? What functions are there? Test micropreparations with a small handler.

Wire bundles of a leaf (veins) are stored from vessels, cytoid tubes and fibers.

Strongly knitted cells with their walls - fibers - make an arcane taste.

The vessels are used to supply water and water in different mineral springs.

Sitovidny tubes, on the view of the suspects, approved by the living, old clitines. The transverse partitions between them are pierced by narrow channels and look like a sieve. Behind the sieve tubes from the leaf, the lines of organic speech are pered.

5. Blank out the transverse view of the sheet and cover all the necessary signatures.

Div. Refer to food 1.

nourishment

1. Do you want to make a sheet plate?

A sheet plate with a large world is set up by the main fabrics.

2. What is the meaning of the sheet? Are you approved for any kind of fabric?

Shkіrochka of a leaf of a prey a leaf from the last injections, a vibrating pass to a vologue, gases and іnshі speeches, and in such a rank they regulate both the vision of іnіshny speeches, so іkh chats. Vona is approved by the clitines of the fabric.

3. What kind of food is there too?

Ustitse - tse two lock the cells and the width between them.

In a large number of roslin, the food is found in the main on the ridge of the lower side of the leaf blade. On the leaves of water dews, which float on the surface of the water, there are only food on the upper side of the leaf, and on the underwater leaves of the stomata are not visible.

4. Yaku budovu to sweep the cells of the pulp of the leaf? What type of fabrics stinks?

The pulp of the leaf is stored in the main tissue.

Two or three balls, without the middle lying down to the upper shkirtsi, set up tightly, one to one, with the pods of the form. The stench is nagaduyut mayzhe of the same size, so that the upper part of the main fabric of the leaf is called columnar. In the cytoplasm, cytoplasm is especially rich in chloroplasts.

Before the columnar tissue, lie more rounded or incorrectly shaped cells. The stench is insanely lying one to one. Chloroplasts in cells of cells are smaller, less in cells of columnar tissue. Tsі klіtiny make up the spine of the fabric.

5. Are there especially abundant chloroplasts in each leaf clit?

Chloroplasts are especially abundant in cells of columnar tissue.

think

Yaku function to check out the bunches of the sheet? Clients like fabrics and stinks?

Providnі bunches of a sheet show the transport function and create an arcane miсnіst. For the performance of these functions, they provide information about the production and the mechanical fabrics.

zavdannya

1. Place two cibulini in jars of water so that the water is consumed once it is supplied. Put one jar in the dark place, and the іnshu - in the illumination. Sponsor for the growth of the leaf. How is the stench to boast? To what? The results should be carefully discussed in the class.

Yak and all roses, tsibuli need sleepy light. With its deficiency, the vegetable will grow more and more slightly and slightly develop, its leaves will be thin and dark.

2. Vivchit table "Number of food roslin 1 mm 2 sheet surface ". Analyze the number and growth of vents on the upper and lower surface of the leaf in the growing dewlines. To create a visitor and to discuss it with the students of the class.

In most of the roselin, the food is found in the main on the ridge of the lower side of the leaf blade (oak, plum, apple). On the leaves of water dews, which float on the surface of the water (latatta), the food is found only on the upper side of the leaf. On the surface of the leaves, there are rich vapors.

There is a clear lack of abundance of food and wine. Zagalom, the growth of the growth of the bones may have more stomata, less the growth of the dry bones. At the same time, there are approximately equal numbers of food on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf (sedum, young, wheat, oats).

3. We got up at night, so that the more trouble is more difficult, the less the number of bugs. At a leaf, picked up from trees, it grows in front of it, in fact, it is very clean, on one leaf surface it is brought 10 times more food, below at a leaf of trees in very difficult industrial areas. What kind of a visnovok can you create?

Roslin is pristosovovatsya to the minds of the most recent middle-class. Changing the number of food allows the growth of the speed of the quickness of the slow talk.