Johann sebastian bach meanings of creativity. І. S. Bach - Life and Creative Way. Share of Bach's music
1. Characteristics of creative style І. S. Bach.
І. S. Bach (1685 - 1750) - the most beautiful figure of the Holy musical culture... Yogo creativity is one of the heights of the philosophical thought about music. The mystery of the great creator reaches the meaningful, hour-by-hour, before it is laid in the hiding places of the soul of the human and the wickedness of the hearers' innocent vision, awakening in them without being recognized by them themselves until moral strength. "Bah mayzhe zmushuє me less believe in God," - said Roger Fry.
I will look at my musical talent, Bach mav bi meaningful contact with the organists of that hour in Luneburz, in the first place with Boehm, as well as with organists in the midst of Hamburz, such as Johann Adam Reinken. Its role there is unclear, but it looks like it includes non-services, not musical arrangements. The hour of the seven-thousandth term was transferred to Weimar's reputation as a keyboard player was widened. Yogo was asked to look around and give the first concert in the new organ in the Church of St. Boniface in Arnstadt.
The family of Bach is small with a small connection with the oldest place in Türringia, about 40 km to the winter end of Weimar, on the edge of the great forest. At the end of an hour, Bach, having embarked on a serious warehouse of organ preludes: the robots in the original tradition of virtual preludes showed intense motivational control. In cich robots, the composer has not yet developed his strength of large-scale organization and counterpoint.
Being left, order with Handel, the great composer of the Baroque era, Bach laid the road to musical classicism. Beethoven's words have become popular: "You need to click not Bach (in Nimetski" strumok "), but the sea!"
Bach buv gliboko relіgіyny. Biblіya zavzhdli got a lot of this book. On the ear of your creations, win by putting down the beast - "Isuse, help me", and in the end - "Glory to God alone."
Strong family ties and a robotic teacher from the music couldn’t be able to learn the tension between the young organist and the mastery through the rock in the township. Tsei vіdomy incident in the life of Bach, having walked close to 400 kilometers of skin, to spend an hour with people, such as win, ymovіrno, having brought daddy some nice organs. The trip made Buxtehude's style as the basis for Bach before and by dragging out his plans to visit the decilcom in a few months, transferring, for the same hour, the old people were even more valuable for the yogi art.
The bagatom of the music of Bach is to be built up to be serious, to look frowning. However, the composer-philosopher was at the same time a lover of fun. The paths, in the wake of sorrow and tragedy, flutter in your creations with humor, joy, boisterous drowning. Often Bach is vvazhayut as academically dry, overwhelmingly rosy. Ale ratsionalizm, suvora self-discipline to share the composer's emotionalism, logic - from a vilno imagination.
Celebrating the legend, Bach, George Frider Handel wanted to be Amanuns Buxtehude, but they didn’t want to befriend his daughter, but I won’t mind for a whole lot. Miscya, in which Bach is alive, stretching out all his life. Yoma was sent to the organiste’s pributkovo settlement in St. Blasius in Mühlhausen, a great and important place at winter. V offensive rotsi Winning the elder’s posad, with a full payment of wages and wits, including a good chorus. Through a few months of travel to Mühlhausen, he became friends with his two-year-old brother from Arnstadt, Mary Barbara Bach, they had seven seven children, four of whom lived to a mature life.
Bach is a yaskravo national artist, who knows the traditions of the Protestant chant and the traditions of the Austrian, Italian, French musical schools.
The creativity of Bach - a musician-universsal - evokes the all-inclusiveness of genres (all genres, including opera):
Organ create: preludes and fugues (18), tokata and fugue (5), fantasies and fugues (3), choral preludes (46), 6 organ concerts, Passacalia in c-minor and in.
List of Victory Literature
Two of them - Wilhelm Fridemann Bach and Karl Philip Emanuel Bach - became important composers in a richly embellished Rococo style, which followed the Baroque style. The churches and the Moscow district in Mühlhausen have waited a while on the plan for an expensive renovation of the organ on St. At the same time, Bach was propounded by the shortening of the position in Weimar.
Life and creative way І. Z Bach
Through the ice rik in Mühlhausen, Bach pishov, he became a court organist and accompanist at the duke's court near Weimar, far from his collegiate position there, like a "lackey". Possibly, it brought a great salary to the court and the prospect of increasing pratsyuvati with great, kindly financed by a contingent of professional musicians. The family moved to the apartment all in five chilinas walking towards the duke's palace. The offensive fate was born їkh persha child, to which the elder came, the sister Marya Barbara is unfriendly, as she fell for them, to help them in management until її death.
Clavier create: small preludes and fugues, 15 two-part inventions and 15 three-part inventions (symphonies), 6 English suites, 6 French suites, 6 partitas, Chromatic fantasy and fugue, "Good temperament" see the kokhany brother ".
Orchestras create: 6 Brandenburg concerts, 5 suites, 7 instrumental concerts for clavier and orchestra, 3 concerts for violin and orchestra, chamber music.
Weimar gave birth to two musical sins - Wilhelm Fridemann and Karl Filip Emanuil Bach. The position of Bach in Weimar marked the ear of a trivial period, create the keys and orchestral works In some wines of the technical majesty and in the expansion of large scale structures and synthesis flowing from behind the cordon. Among the music of the Italian, such as Vivaldi, Corellia and Torelli, there is an imminent writing of dramatic insight and brave dispositions, dynamic rhythms and vibrant harmonic schemes.
Vocal and instrumental create: Visoka Mesa h-moll, Magnifikat, Passion for Matthew, Passion for John, "Rizdvyana" and "Great Day" orator, about 300 spiritual (saving 199) and 24 Holy cantati.
Create without vkazіvsky vykonavskogo warehouse: "Musical offer" and "Art fugue".
2. Life i creative wayІ. Z Bach.
Bach introduced himself in a stylistic aspect, in the main, deciphered for the harpsichord and organ of the concert ensemble Vivaldi; ci robots yak and earlier є favorites of concerts. Mozhlivo, I came up with the idea of rewriting the rest of the fashionable Italian music from Prince Johann Ernst, one of the robot teachers, who is a professional musician.
Weimar has a lot of gratis and storage for the organ, as well as a versatile repertoire of concert music with the duke's ensemble. Meister of Intermediate Technology, Bach in a stylish release of fugues pochavsya in Weimar. For an hour of his moving to Weimar Bach reading the work on the "Little Organ Book" for his elder son Wilhelm Fridemann; to take revenge on the traditional Lutheran chorales, installed in folding structures, to help new organisms. The Book of Artists is Two of the Basics in the Life of Bach: the Return of Victory and Love to the Chorale as a Musical Form.
Children and young rockies
Bach was born in 1685 in Eisenach. Having lain down to the rounded Nimetsky family, there is a large number of representatives of which in a stretch three tables become professional musicians who served in the small towns of Nimechchin. Pochatkova musical illumination of the sound from the old father (gras on violin and harpsichord). In 9 years, Bach fell into a complete orphan and became aware of his older brother Johann Kristof, who served as a church organist. At 1700-03 I went to the school of church pianists in Luneburz. Bach’s first composer’s prelude to the rock is to create for the organ and the keyboard.
In the end of the day, Bach wasted at Weimar’s disfavor, and he was asked by the secretary to court the court, having been given the favor for a month before the unfriendly excitement. Bach knew that after the shukati was more stable to the robot, she took it to musical interests. Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Kyoten, having recruited Bach to serve as Kapellmeister. Prince Leopold, himself a musician, appreciated the talents of Bach, paid well for him and giving him freedom in creation and victory. Prince Bouv Kalvinist and not victorious in folding music in his worship, such a rank, more part of Bach's robot from the whole period of Buv Svitsky, including the orchestral suites, a lot of suites for the part without the help of the violoncello and sonati for the part.
Rocky mandrіvok (1703-08)
The end of the day Bach will be busy with the robotize. From 1703 to 1708 he served in Weimar, Arnstadt, Mühlhausen. In 1707 they become friends with their cousin Mary Barbara Bach. Yogo creative interests boules zoseredzheni todi, head rank, in music for organ and clavier. Nayvidomishe Tvir That Hour - Capricho for the Journey of the Kohan Brother (1704).
Every Brandenburg concert will be performed throughout the entire period. At the same time they had 13 children, six of them were living in maturity: Gotfrid Genrikh, Johann Kristof Friedrich and Johann Kristian, all of them became significant musicians; Elizabeth Juliana Frideryka, who was elected for Bach's scholar Johann Kristof Altnikol, Johann Karolina and Regina Suzanne.
To rehearse and play robots in the church of St. Thomas, Bach, ymovirno, sitting on the harpsichord, or standing in front of the choir in the lower gallery at the western end, back to the choir and the windmill in the back end. Win amazed at the mountain on the organ, which is close to me from the mountain. Right-handed to the organ in the bichniy gallery bully b vitri, brass and timpani; malice bully strings. Organ or harpsichord, ymovirno, grali composer, internal organist or one of Bach's senior blues, Wilhelm Frideman or Karl Filip Emanuel.
Weimarsky period (1708-17)
Having renounced in 1708 the organist and court musician at the Duke of Weimarskiy, Bach got primed in Weimar, de to spend 9 years. The times of rock became an hour of intensive creativity, in which the main place belonged to the creators for the organ, including the numerical choral preludes, organ tokata and fugue d-minor, pasakalia d-minor. The composer wrote music for clavier, spiritual cantati (ponad 20). Vikoristovuchi traditional forms, for example, Protestant chant, bringing them to the finest perfection.
Bach screwing sopranos and alto choristers from schools, as well as tenors and basi from schools and in some music in Leipzig. Victory at the funeral and funeral began to preserve the dodatkovy way for the cich groups; Imovirno, for the whole family and for the new schoolchildren by writing a number of motets, in the main for the subordinate choir. As part of their regular church robots, the winners were holding coins of the Viennese school and nimts, such as Genrikh Schütz, which served as formal models for his powerful motives.
Now I want to expand my TV and start writing for literature. Tse buv one of dozens of private partnerships in great places, as they say nimtskoy language, as they will be musically active students of the university; The celebrities became gratians more and more important role in the suspenseful musical life, and the earliest people were enchanted by the most famous people in the world. Behind the words of Kristof Wolff, admitting, with a keenly penetrating croc, which "took Bach to his grip in the leading musical institutes of Leipzig".
Ketensky period (1717-23)
In 1717 Bach accepted the request for the service of the Duke of Ketensky. Life in Ketenia is the most precious hour in the life of the composer: the prince, illumination for his hour, a lyudin and a musician who does not repentance, praising Bach and not enticing his creativity, asking him for his trip. In Ketenia's love, Bach's instrument is an organ - buv vidsutniy, and Bach writes both clavier and ensemble music. In Keteni bouly, three sonatis and three parts for solo violin were written, a number of suites for solo cello, English and French suites for clavier, a number of Brandenburg concerts for orchestra. A special interest is presented by the collection "Good temperament clavier" - 24 preludes and fugues, written in all keys and in practice to bring the transitions of the tempered musical mode, near the hardened like hot super-springs. The year Bach opened another volume of "Good Tempered Clavier", he also composed 24 preludes and fugues in different tonalities. Ale without a cold period of Bach's life, which ended in 1720 with his dweller's squad, who lost all of his young children. In 1721 Bach became friends with Anna Magdalena Vilka.
At the same time, the vlasnik pushed the great hall and added a sprinkle of musical instruments. Having expanded the robot again, adding the Credo, Sanctus and Agnus Dei, music, for how much better, the bullet was taken from the people who made the cantati. Appointing Bach as a court composer, mabut, partly of his trivial struggle for reaching more power in the negotiations with the Leiptsig Rada. If you want to be masa, ymovirno, nicholas haven’t been seen for the hour of the composer’s life, you won’t get involved in one of the best choirs, create all the hours.
Leipzis period (1723-50)
In 1723, a vikonannya of the Passion for John was issued in the church of St. Fomi in Leiptsig, and not barren Bach, having fixed the cantor's office of the church with one-hour vikonannya ob'yazkiv teacher of the school at the church (Latin and spiv). Bach became the "musical director" of all the churches of the world, stitching behind a special storehouse of musicians and spouses, sparing for those events, indicating the need to create and create something rich before the show. The artist of the dossyag at that hour of the heights of the majestic and introducing the miracles of the images in the different genres. In the first place, spiritual vocal and instrumental music: cantati (saving close to 200), "Magnifikat" (1723), mesi (including the immortal "Visoka Mesa" si-minor, 1733), "Passion for Matthew twenty-nine), dozens of light cantatas (in the middle - the comic "Kavova" and "Selyanska"), create for organ, orchestra, harpsichord (the middle of the last need to see the cycle "Aria with 30 options", so called "Goldberg-variations" , 1742).
Bach's musical style through its superb quality in counterpoint and motivational control, its talent before it is introduced to the claviatur, and it is being poured into the atmosphere of food, wine and music musicians, records and instruments in the childhood and young people in the past due to the new talent of writing, to gossip music of tough sonority, Mabut, put it on the course of development of an eclectic, energetic musical style, in ...
In 1747, Bach opened the cycle of "Musical Offering", the assignments of the Prussian king Fridrikh II. The rest of the robot became a tvir under the name "The Mystery of the Fugue" (1749-50) - 14 fugues and 4 canons on one theme.
Share of creative decline
In the late 1740s, the rock of Bach's health was lost, especially the turbulence was lost. Two not far away operations with a visible cataract have caused to another slap. Ten days before his death, Bach had unsuccessfully recovered his sight, and then the blow that brought him to his grave was trapped by him.
Throughout the past years and the 20s of the year, the show demonstrated the growing majesty of the great organizing of musical ideas, as well as the sophisticated model of impromptu preludes and counterpoint to the storage of modernity. for the whole time, to be built, having adopted in its own style, the Italian dramatic display, clear melodic contours, guest contours of the bass lines, more musical and rhythmic laconism,
It seems that if Orpheus chipped the strings of his lute
More specialties to the style of Bach. Signified melodic lines in the Baroque style, as a rule, allow the composer to write only the basic structure, and embellish the structure by inserting into the non-ornamental notes and, in the same vise, breaking out. boolean of a meaningful variation between schools of European music, Bach at that hour will be playing at one extreme end of the spectrum, apparently there are more or controllable counterpoint textures, such as vovhav for brighter, but allowing less freedom for the spontaneous change of musical lines.
Urochisti burials wikimed in greatness to the people in the winter months. The composer was praised near the church of St. Fomi, in Yakiy Vin having served 27 years. However, the grave was ruined. In 1894, the remains of Bach were known to have passed the hour of awakening robots in 1894, when they were disturbed.
The share of this decline appeared foldable. For life, Bach koristuvavs popularity. However, after the death of the composer, the music and music began to go into oblivion. Sponsored interest before his creativity in 1820-і rocky, the ear of which was paid by the Victory in 1829 in Berlin "Passion for Matthew" (organized by F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdі). In 1850, in Leipzig, “Bahov's Suspension” was opened, as it pushed through and published all the composer's manuscripts (46 volumes have been seen for the last half of the year).
Sered prodovzhuvachіv shukan Bach - yogo blue. In total, the new Bulo has 20 children, only nine of them survived the dad. Four synods became composers:
Wilhelm Frideman (1710-1784) - "Gallic" Bach, composer and organist, organizer
Karl Filip mmanuil (1714-1788) - "Berlinsky" or "Gamburzky" Bach, composer and harpsichord; his creativity, homeland to the literary movement "Storm and Onslaught", infused the composers of the classical school
Johann Kristian (1735-82) - "Milanese" or "London" Bach, composer and harpsichordist, representative of the gallant style, having infused the work of the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Johann Kristof Friedrich (1732-95) - "Bückeburg" Bach, composer, harpsichordist, bandmaster.
3. Organism of Bach.
The organ will be loved by the Bach instrument. Create for the organ Bach writing with a handful of life, ale more thoroughly boules in Weimar. Bach's interests are centered around two main types of organ creation:
choral preludes
Small polyphonic cycles (preludes and fugues, fantasies and fugues, tokata and fugues).
The basis of the choral preludes is the Protestant chant. Bach pragnuv the Persh for all the preservation of the main melody of the chorale and admiration and sensibility. In the male bag, the genre has become an important and well-off Lanka of the organ vocal music composer. Bach's organ choral preludes are characterized by great significance and performance, small scale, chamberiness of sounding, barbiness, timbre of rosy, panuvannya of a melodic cob, and varied sounds. One of the most popular entertainments in the genre is Preludes in f-moll.
The second type of bachy's creations for the organ - preludes, fantasies and tokata with fugues - are viris on a purely instrumental basis. The preludes, fantasies and tokata of the winery on the basis of the modern, intellectual and intellectual cob appeared in the fugue. The two parts of the polyphonic cycle, wanting to see one out of one (the stench of contrast behind the character, tempo, texture, form, principles of development), are not tied together with fine threads (the dramatic and intricate).
4. Bach's piano music
Bach can also write keyboard music with a handful of life. Ale is especially rich in creativity for the clavier who appeared in Keteni. For now, Bach Klavir has played a colossal role in home music for both music professionals and amateurs.
Bach supervised expanding the figuratively viraznu palette clavier music... The sound of the harpsichord will be dazzling, crisp, a bit more frequent and quick to fade. The clavicord sounds like a weak, dull timbre. Vinaydeny same in 1709 r Bartolomeo Kristofori pianoforte still needs to go through the trivial path thoroughly. Bahu wanted to podolati the "percussiveness" of the harpsichord and covet the sound, cantabile gr on the whole instrument. From his scholars, Bach came home in front of a bezel-less legato, bazhayuyu additional help, superbly enhancing the pedagogical repertoire, creating "Little Preludes and Fugues", "Inventions". Navigate French syllables and "Good tempering claviers" were conceived with a handful of ways to create. At the same time, Bach redovno doviv, that the clavier can be victorious not only in a home environment, but in front of a great public, having set up for new creation in the genres of fantasy and fugue (Chromatic fantasy and fugue.), Tokata Especially the first Italian concert is one of the first clavier concerts (without an orchestra).
The encyclopedia of Bahian creativity is justly imbued with "Good tempering claviers" - a cycle of 48 preludes and fugues (two volumes of "DTK" of 24 preludes and fugues in the skin), which are eager to enjoy 24 major and minor chromatic tones. Bach wrote "DTK" with the idea of hardening in musical practice everything is theoretically vidom, ala little alive in that hour of the tonality of the tempered fret. great number key signs. "Tempering" - means virivnyaniy, pivnomirny harmony. On the basis of the natural (Pythagorean) mode widened in the old part, the transmission is transformed into an octave for 12 pivtons. In a natural fret, the keyboard instrument sounded purely only in tonalities with few signs. Tempering the fret, allowing the setting of all major and minor tonalities and modularity in any way from them. The temperament of the bullet vidom and before Bach, the protest of the first, extended the practice of the whole mode into the artist. The composer, having looked at "DTK", is also like a cycle of navchalnyh p'єs for the development of a ringing griot and a spinning of palatsovy ruffles.
Putting in front of you cleanly practical work, Bach became an artist for everything. “DTK” has evolved into a viciously rich and dynamic wake of a two-part polyphonic cycle, based on the contrasts of a vivid, impromptu plan of prelude and suvor, prompted by clear laws, fugues. As organically polyphonic cycles are attuned to written virtuosity, concert scope, monumentalism, the clavier sounds chamber-like sounding.
5. Vocal and instrumental creativity.
Bach's vocal and instrumental creativity is to form cantati, oratorio, mesi, pasioni. Bach took over the vocal and instrumental creations to robots when he proceeded to Leipzig and took over the cantor's office in the Church of St. Thomas.
From the vocal creations for a few of the opened perchets, there is a cantata. The most recent cantatas came to us - "Easter" and "Viborn" (Arnstadt and Mulhausen). Bach wrote about 300 spiritual cantatas, saving - 199. Order of spiritual cantatas Bach wrote 24 holy cantatas, including "Mislivska", "Kavova", "Selyanska". Primitively, it took me an hour to transfer the numbers from the spiritual creatures to the Holy and Navpaks. Cantati includes arії, recitative, ensembles, chorus for the participation of an instrumental ensemble or an orchestra.
In Leipzig, Bach writes vocal and instrumental creation of great forms: they see "Rizdvyana Oratoria", "Magnifikat", Mesa h-moll (Visoka Mesa), "Passion for John", "Passion for Matthew".
At the Passion for Matthew, Bach turned up to the Evangelical of Matthew, moreover, the Vibra from the New Episodi, who received the great artists of the interior, the hospitality of the dramatic children and the ridiculous psychological. We will learn the joy of Jesus - Iudoyu - our teacher, the prayer of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane, the fervor of Jesus Peter and the yogh kayattya, nareshty, going to Golgotha - the place, de bouv of Christ.
For the integration of a folding artistic conception, Bach knew the magnificent warehouse of viconavts - two choir-voice choirs, two orchestras, two organ and solo - vocals and instrumentalists.
"Passion for Matthew" sounded for the first time in 1729 in the church of St. Thomas, de serving Bach, ale potim, like a rich creation, bool nadovgo zabuty. It is noteworthy that the revival of Bach's music has sprung up from the very creation. After 100 years of the premiere - in 1829, the “Passion for Matthew” was born in the name of F. Mendelssohn's clerical work, in response to the hopeful renaissance of the forgotten Bakhiv creativity.
List of Literature
EXAMINATION OF ROBOTA ON MUSIC LITERATURE THEME:
CREATIVITY by Johann Sebastian BACH
Viconal: Akimova Anastasia Yuriyivna
Kerivnik: Khmelenko Inna Dmitrivna
1998 - 1999 academic. pik.
G. Surgut
1. Children and youthful rock. cob period creative form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 -
2. Sem'ya. Dignity. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .2 -
3. Ear of creative way. Luneburg. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3
4. Weimar, Arnstadt, Mühlhausen. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4 -
5. I know Weimar. Bach at the service. Zaluchennya to the light musical art. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6 -
6. Bach Viconavets. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 -
7. Kyoten. The creation of fundamental works of chamber music. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .eight -
8. Visit from Keten. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .eight -
9. Leipzi period. St. Fomi. Bach the Cantor. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .nine -
10. Artistic and creative activity. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .ten -
11. Children of Johann Sebastian. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .eleven -
12. Bach the teacher. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .12 -
13. Stop creating. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .12 -
14. Characteristics of creativity. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .13 -
15. Rosebir musical works... Clavier creativity. ... ... ... ... ... .15 -
16. "Good tempering clavier". ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .16 -
17. Prelude and Fugue in C minor from the first volume "". ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .19 -
18. Basic create. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .twenty -
19. List of victorious literature. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .21 -
Life Shlyakh.
Children and youthful rock. Cocking period of creative formulation.
Johann Sebastian Bach was born on the 31st birch 1685 in Eisenach, a small provincial town of Türіngіya, in one of the most beautiful Nimetsian regions, near mіtsyah, tied with music long ago. The homeland of Luther, the arena of the revolutionary activity of Thomas Münzer, Türlingia was not the center of the most baked battles of the villagers and the plebeians with the feudal lords. The song of Thirty Years of War, wasted and wretched, was transformed into a wilderness and sleepy provinces. And all the people who know and help about the glorious days have long passed, madly, lived among the people. Aleksei knew a lot of time and maybe a genius, like the image of the past, as well as a vision of the distant maybut, knew the artist's involvement in the art of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Family, dignity.
Johann Sebastian was born to be a member of the famous musical family. Muzykanti bouly yogo dіd, pradіd, daddy, daddy brothers, їхні children, as well as the birth brothers of Johann Sebastian. The most prominent musicians became the year of the strongest blue. Throughout the 17th - 18th centuries from the Türlingia, there are also lifeless organisms, composers, violinists, flutists, bandmakers, trumpets from the Bach family, but the very word “Bach” is not synonymous with the word “musician”. Nichto of the whole tribe of musicians did not come to fame, nor to boisterous popularity, I would like to see more than fifty people in the family chronicle of Bachs, who have infiltrated the development of certain music.
From generation to generation, skills, mastery, and creative arts and crafts were passed on, in the great representative of the whole dynasty of musicians, Johann Sebastian, the reach of the most sought-after development.
Before the profession of a musician, which is also traditional for the Bach family line, Johann Sebastian was trained for early rock... The first teacher of the boy is the Skripal, the musician of Eisenakhe. At the school, Johann Sebastian has slept at the school, and will be attracted to the most popular young people; for a small fee, the stench was smelled at the holy saints, and at the funeral and at the funeral they sang spiritual songs.
Nine Rocks Johann Sebastian lost his life as a round orphan and was taken over by his older brother Iohann Kristof. Ostanniy - at the right time, the student of the greatest Nymetsk organist - composer I. Pachelbel - after borrowing the office of the organist and school teacher in Ohrdruf. The music of Johann Sebastian passed farther away from his brother's performance. Ale genially gifted nature, it is unlikely that she could be satisfied with the pedantic, schooly - workmanship lessons of Johann Kristof. Vin appeared as a dry, insensitive musician. For an addictive, musical lad, the price is great. To that still tenfold child, pragnuv to self-enlightenment. Having learned that his brother in the school has been making a copy of the glorified composers' creations, the boy at that very night left the book and rewrote the notes at the monthly light. A lot of months of triviality is a tedious robot, won’t strongly deceive the star of the Maybut composer. It’s like a tortured child, if a brother found him once for a busy time and saw the same rewritten notes. Here - and the strengths of Johann Sebastian's character appeared for the first time: easeliness, straightforwardness, easeliness in pratsi.
Early pragnennya to a special freedom sponded the fifteen-year-old Yunak to dim his brother and shukati koshti for an independent iznuvannya.
Ear of creative way.
Luneburg.
At 1700 years old Johann Sebastian moved to Luneburg.
Right there, in Luneburg, in 1703 Bach finished school; he is a great student and having finished his diploma, giving him the right to enter the university. Ale, speed up the right youmu without going into it. Bach is guilty of giving all his respect to the thoroughly composer's and Vicon's majesty - one for a new real dzherel sensation.
On the artistic development of Bach, the teacher of his dynasty was not embedded. Vin himself knows and sounds the most beautiful and necessary for his musical enlightenment. Life of musical art in the last and last year served as a composer's school. Inspiration of a rich decline, creative thinking of the current music, they listened to and saw Bach's musical thoughts and leaf, helped to criticize oneself, to learn their creativity and individuality. To navigate parts of the service ministry to their positive sides, as they gave the opportunity to learn new artistic manifestations... In general, Luneburg, like Arnstadt or Weimar, are the values of the stage of the great creative direction of the composer.
The great bibliotess of the Luneburz school and the abundance of handwritten works of old-time Nimets and Italian musicians, and Bach got bored and vivchennya. Sounds from the pedantic description of his older brother, he went to Hamburg several times from Luneburg, and listened to the famous organist Reinken. At tі rocky, the Hamburg opera, kerovana by Kaiser, has passed into the razkvіtі. Demand dumati, scho, buvayuchi there, Bach does not go through the new for a new mystery. On the thought of Romain Rolland, the Kaiser injected into the action of Bach's musical move.
Near Luneburg from 1692 at the church of St. Ioanna pratsyuvav one of the houses of Nimetsian composers, a student of Reinken Georg Boehm (1661 - 1733). Social closeness with a great artist is not the least important official of a formulated young musician.
So, in the atmosphere of rich and living traditions, Bach touched the mystery and the majesty.
From Luneburg, the rock of science and early youth was skіnchilis; a new darkness appeared in the important life of the composer.
Weimar, Arnstadt, Mühlhausen.
At a quarter of 1703 Bach yak skripal come to serve in a small princely chapel near Weimar. Ale there is a taste of wine. Not satisfied with the work and the fallow camp, I was willing to accept the request for the post of the organist of the New Church in the city of Arnstadt, and in 1704 I went there.
Organism service The news of the church was awkward: it is necessary to prelude on organs, rozuchuvati with the chorus of cults, create a companuvati chorus before the hour of the divine service. At the same modest obligations, for some time you can fit into a musician - a remixer, Bach bringing in a young zeal, creative fervor and imagination, unavailable for the service norms of the Protestant Church. Smіlivіst musical noises served as the reason for the composer's imprisonment with the authorities.
In Arnstadt Bach, the mother had the right to be right with the revised church officials, with the nimetsy burghers. The life of yogo in the whole place was at once accelerated by a dull, wicked, enthralled martyrdom against the dull genius, he was worried by his sleepy calm. The dissatisfaction grew up again, and with it Bach cooled down to his official robot. Tim is more of a strong need for fresh new artistic feuds. This is how the winikla thought about the rise to the place of Lubeck, giving concerts at the organi of celebrities Nimetsky composerДітріх Buxtehude. Vosni 1705 rock, speeding up on the vidpustkoyu, Bach, through the marriage of cats on a carriage, heading to Lubeck pishki. Concerts Buxtehude, his creativity, the viscousness of the viconavts shocked the young musician. With all the wines, absorbing dramatically yaskrave, virtuoso mystery of the greatest organ music at that hour. Zakhopenny, having forgotten about his office service and replaced the good twenty-eight-day permit, having tried in Lubeck close to the few months.
Arnstadt's turn of Bach was far from amiable. Having quickened with a hand drive, the church authorities have given their humiliating organist to the end, having inflicted a court on him for the prejudice of the most recent change of misdemeanors: Bach introduce into the chorale a lot of wondrous variations, which lead to the chorale of a lot of strangers' sounds; Earlier, the organist Bach went for an hour of service, grabbing the organs and gravels, and now, with the crushed gravitation, falling into the extreme extreme and becoming even more grateful, etc.
The coarse man has finished his drink, the meticulous involvement in the special life of Bach's encampment in Arnstadt was unbearable. In 1707, Bach moved to Mühlhausen and sent a church musician to the same place.
At the authorized church organist in Mühlhausen, there were no more olds, yak, the organ came into unpopularity and the horror was disgustingly prepared. Try to polish the music on the right, they were breaking up about the inertia and the baiduzhism of the authorities, all the Zusill of Bach were seen as Marnimis. Rik of the broken hour, energy - and as a result, we know about the delivery.
In the Arnstadt period, Bach is a viconious on organ and clavir - conquering visoti, accessible only by no means; For the first time, give yourself the nobility, the power of the composer is unquestionable.
The historiographers of Bach refer to rock as the rock of a tense and domesticated technology and a * secret * of an organ and keynote of majesty, in order to reclaim the glory of the virtuosi - the artist who appeared the first creatures.
Composer's virtue here Bach reading Easter cantata * You don't have too much souls in hell*. The cantata, written for the choir, soloists, Bula Viconan, was attached to rock in 1704, and it led them superbly to hear the Arnstad burghers: unassuming for a cult leaf, drama, emotionality, smilivy poems realistically in the orchestral image.
At Arshtadt, one of the earliest clavier creatures came to us - they are widely seen * Capricious on the go of the kokhany brother*. On the basis of the soft lyricism and humor, p'usa is a reflection of Bach's early creativity.
In an hour of a short stay in Mühlhausen in the middle of his speeches, Bach wrote a cantata, viborno cantati*. Tse single tvir, which for the life of the composer has been handled and seen on the municipality. Most of Bach's creations have lost their minds from the death of the author.
I know Weimar. Bach at the service. Zaluchennya to the light musical art.
In 1708 I know Bach in Weimar at the service of the goforganist and court musician of the Duke of Weimar.
Weimar's Bach tried about ten rock times. Here, for the first time, there was a possibility of criticism in the funniest Vicon's music of his rich-early talent, viprobuvati in the best effort: as an organist, a musician of an orchestral drop, in a way of bringing the music to the violin and the harpsichord Bach having folded a lot for the organ, writing a different kind of music for violin and harpsichord, as the assistant of the conductor, he was guilty of acquiring the repertoire for the chapel, including the cantati for the Victory in the court church. It is necessary to write in great style, in the very young genres and forms, stagnant to the new age-old ways and possibilities. For Bach, it’s a tse bula persha svitska service, it’s certainly possible to experiment in the previously inaccessible area of svitsky musical genres.
We are even more important in the art of light music. In the Weimar period, the organ composer has the reach of creative heights. More than that, having opened Bach for the whole instrument, it is written by Weimar: Tokata and Fugue in D Minor, Prelude and Fugue in A Minor, Prelude and Fugue in C Minor and a number of other creations.
In organ creativity, Bach drew back on the long-formed traditions of the national art, which was played by the composer - Buchstehude, Reinken, Boehm, Pachelbel. They have Bach pushing for completeness, clarity and beauty of forms, and numbness of texture.
Evident results were brought by the serious vivification of the violin mystery of the Italian with a blinking concert style, in which the modern technology of the plasticity of the varied cantilever melodies was introduced by Bach's new genres of genius creativity. At the same time, I changed the violin concerts by Antonio Vivaldi for organ and harpsichord; in a number of organ and clavier fugues, themed material by Arcangelo Correli, Giovanna Lehrenzi, Tomaso Albinoni was developed.
Not without a trace passed the vivchennya of French music, the zokrem of the harpsichord. Already in the youth of rock, Bach zoom її її ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї і і і і і і; in the Lüneburg collection of works, rewritten by the composer's hand, there are French harpsichord p'usi; * Caprichchio on the journey of a kokhany brother * vyavlya injected into the program clavier music, created by French musicians.
Weimar has gone farther and more lost in mastering French music. On the works of French harpsichordists, and especially François Couperin, Bach appeared on the keyboard sheet.
Bach was writing a cantati for an hour while working on the genres of organ and clavier music. Krim of spiritual cantatas cantata * Quiet less fun than polyvannya *. Won the Viconan in 1716. Over the course of the year, Bach repeatedly introduced up to it a change (it’s worthwhile to take into account the verbal text); in kіntsі kіntsіv, music cantati pereyshov in the spiritual repertoire.
Otzhe, in Weimar's plan for Bach - a highly important stage. In the central, main region of the Bahian Mistress, in organ music, The Weimar period - the price of development and growth of creativity. A few of the foregoing wraps were realizing and there was a residual form of piznish, if, having left Weimar, Bach moved to Kyoten.
BACH - Vikonavets.
Still unaccompanied Bach having recommended himself a first-class virtuosom - organist and clavier. Mabut, Bach well-known for trips to the town of Nimechchiny. See more about your transfer to Galle and Kassel in 1713. Viconany in Kassel, solo on the pedal, viciously in the presence of the crowd. In the Nastupny, 1714, Bach in Leipzig conducted his cantata in one of the churches * To the ridge of yazychnik_v ryativnik*, Grave on organі. Bach's phenomenal improvisational gift is virtuosa mayzhe viklyuchav the power of supernaturalism. Behind the witnesses of the fellows, Bach Mig on one topic is empowered for two years, developing in the most recent and folding forms of polyphonic music.
A lot of memorial episodes from the artistic life of the composer, cite his biography. Zmagannya z Luї Marchand is especially often puzzled. In 1717, the rock Bach biklikaniy in Dresden - the capital of Saxony, de jue bulo proposes to take part in a concert with a view of the French clavier. Before one of the celebrated days, there was a sound and the first knowledge of two clavists. In one of the palace concerts, an offense was played on the keyboard, and in the same place, Marshan, feared failure, then drowning Dresden.
Kyoten. A set of fundamental works of SVITSKIKH chamber music.
In the end of 1717 Bach with a retinue and children traveled to Kyoten. The Kerensky period is certainly the last in the life of the composer. The obligations of the "Director of the chamber music" at the little jagged yard of Prince Ketensky did not take away a lot of energy. Ketenia has significant changes in her work and creativity. Loves іnstrument - organ - buv vidsutnіy; Ale unpleasantly, the circumstances turned out positively for the keyboard and ensemble and instrumental music, especially in the music for the keyboard.
In 1722, Bach completed his work on the first volume of preludes and fugues * Good tempered clavier*. Before that, in 1720, there was no less vidatny tvir for the same instrument - * Chromatic fantasy and fugue * re minor To transfer the monumental form and dramatic pathetics of organ compositions to the clavier area.
Keteni has written klavier syuity - English and French.
are i beautiful create for other instruments: a number of sonatas for solo violin, a number of famous Brandenburg concerts for an instrumental ensemble. All works of art are referred to the number of outstanding works of the composer, but they are far from being drawn by Bach in the Keten period.
VID'ЇZD Z Kyoten.
The nature of the artist is always pragmatic to fresh, new enemies. And soon Kyoten will repair Bach's fitting. Yak and earlier, he was able to rob his artistic trips, the supervising prince on the roads, and a little more pragmatic for the door to do something with skin rock. The experience and the world came to a special and family order; death of the squad of Marya Barbary, the yak died in 1720 during the visit of Bach; bazhannya to give your sins garnu to be illuminated by the great university. In 1720, the axis of Bach was robbed of trying to vlashtuvatis in Gamburz, the vacancy of the organist at the church of St. Jacob.
Not too badly before that, Bach boo at Gamburzi and gravure on organs in the presence of bagatokh of organ art. Monumental fantasy, as it was, having improvised on the theme of spiritual painting "On the Babylonian Rivers", struck the listeners. Old Reinken, who was the most successful in organizing the Bahian hour, turned to the great artist with the words: "I thought that the art is dead, but now I am alive in you." The protest of Bach's prodigality was neglected without respect, and the misce was given an untalented and insignificant specialness (the food of the virgin was a large sum of pennies, introduced by the applicant to the church treasury).
In 1721, the composer became friends with the daughter of a trumpeter from Weissenfels Hanna Magdalene Wikeln. Musically gifted, like a volodya with a strong strong voice, overpowered with a soft and noble character, Hanna Magdalena became a true friend and patron of the great musician.
Namir virvatisya from Keten did not polish Bach. With the death of Johann Kuhn, there was a meeting in the church of St. Fomi in Leiptsig. Bach, who has repeatedly appeared in the whole world, has become a prominent organist and empiricist, having announced his candidacy. Ale і once for a new price did not appear light and forgive. The staff of the magistrata joked about the musicians of the "famous" and the cantor's miscellany, with a copy of the message proponated to Telemann and Kapellmeister Graupner. Only because of the insult, as the insult appeared to me, the magistrate of perplexities buv "satisfied with the musician of the middle of the day" and zupiniv sv_y vibir on Johann Sebastian. Bach never dare dare to belittle the gidnist and creative freedom of intercourse. Ale did not get a vibor. Having overpowered my kolivannya, I won the vimogi of the Leipzig magistrate.
At the trawn 1723 Bach, the cantor of the school of St. Fomi moved from his homeland to Leipzig.
Leipcizka PERIOD.
SCHOOL OF ST. Fomi. BACH - Cantor.
For the priznacheno ї Bahu rolі vіn buv zanadto honest, ingenuous and ... genial. The breakdowns were inevitable, and the stench didn’t get stuck.
Yak cantor of the sports school at the church of st. Fomi Bach zobov'yazaniy buv service with the forces of the school and the head of the church of the world, to bear the responsibility for the country and the quality of church music. Ale koli Bach, starting to plant, the school was in the camp the main to break and fall.
Bach viishu to bring to the magistrata "a superbly necessary project of a good service of church music at the same time with unbiased peace of mind about the fall of the rest of the world." In a number of documents, we will describe the state of the music and its material.
Bach buv is not capable of completing the avarice and production of the Leipzig fueling. All the bureaucratic bosses took up arms against the "hasty" cantor. "The cantor doesn’t only do nothing, but he doesn’t want to give an explanation once." Virishuyut, "the cantor is wrong", and, in the eyes of the vigilante, it is necessary to lower them for a fee and translate them into a young class.
The atmosphere in the school of St. Fomi changed with the appearance in 1730 of a new rector, the approved philologist Gessner - the great Shanuval musician of Bach. Gessner drew on the Leipzig office and began to introduce all kinds of inconsistencies. Ale tsei, trivially light period trivially. In 1734, Gessner's rotsi changed his rector, Ernest, - an unreasonable pedant, who did not row in any way, so as not to portray a life not in the world of a proud cantor.
At the poses of ways to seize his independence, Bach resigned to the invitation of the court musician, the Elector of Saxony. Encouraged to find patronage by sending two parts from Dresden si - minorny mesi.
Krim mesi, Bach wrote a number of cantatas for Dresden especially for the royal saints and holy days. Ale "noble" Elector Fridrikh August of Saxony, who became famous for his lack of communication and divine marnotry, after being "busy", should go to the prospect of a modest cantor. More than three rockies happened to the royal favor, and only in the end of 1736 Bach was happy; vin otrimav the title of the court musician of the Saxon elector. However, the tied with the hopes did not work out, and the call of the court musician did not bring with it a trace - no visible results.
Artistic І Tvorcha DIYALNІST.
The severity of Bach's position was brightened up with artistic successes. The glory of the unrepentant virtuosus was won long ago on the organ and the claviri delivered new triumphs to them, took over the chanuvalniks and friends, the middle boules, such prominent people, like the composer Gasse and the famous boyfriend, the spokesperson Fystalivka.
In 1729, Bach, who became a part of the suspension, was forced into a robotic state, in the form of persistent involvement and continuous control. Vіn vistupa in the role of conductor and viconavtsya in public concerts, as vlashtovuvali in small large mіstsyah. Nova form musical performance of the visuval and new creative staff... It is necessary to create, in accordance with the tastes and requirements of the international auditorium. For vistupiv Bach wrote a majestic number of versatile music; orchestral, vocal. They have a lot of vigados, fervor and ingenuity.
Posada Bach - cantor of the school of St. Fomi, the goiters were tied up to intensive robots and in the hallucinations of church music. A great part of the writings of the creatures is carried up to the first fifteen years of moving to Leipzig. Great vocal - instrumental tvir, yakim Bach made his debut in Leipzig in 1723 rots, Bula Velichalna oratorio for five-part choir , Solistiv and the orchestra... Mayzhe one hour Bach will end the messages in Keteni * Addictions for Ioannu *... Like the first, there are some great things to do: * Mourning ode *(1727 рік), * Passion for Matthew *(1729 rik). The five riches of spiritual cantatas (as many as 300 creations) were also written in Leipzig. The whole tsei is colossal pratsya gіdno vіnchaє mesa si minor, Completed in 1738 roci.
The robot went over instrumental music... I will remove the residual crumbs the first volume of preludes and fugues * Good tempered clavier*. Yak pidsumok of a bagatorial experiment on the genre of solo clavier concert to appear * Italian concert*. Bach, wanting to cultivate the priority of the Italian in the genre of the concert, follow your story to the Italian instrumentalism.
On the ear of the 14th rock, Bach again rises to the problem of the clavier polyphonic cycle - preludes and fugues - and another volume * Good tempered clavier*, Write along the way * Goldberg options*. Pererakhovani create an hour - the very news - occupy the central position in the work of the composer.
In the last ten years of life, Bach's interest has fallen to a musical performance. In 1740, the number of children was seen from the capital of the Collegium Musicum; without taking part in the scene in the offensive, 1741 new concert music organization. The giblets were torn by weak threads, as earlier they tied him with children of musicians, representatives of science and art. As one stronghold, a stronghold of self-reliance, the family was strong: the virile and inspirational friend is the squad of Hanna Magdalena, the blue and the little bit of loving scholars.
DITI by Johann Sebastian
Bach's children were given a wonderful musical endowment; From the youthful rock, the stench of volodya was playing on a few instruments, and the daughter and the squad were still garnished with voices. For a whole lot of cool drops, Bach has specially put together different vocal and instrumental ensembles.
Sini Bach also became great musicians for the life of the daddy and zumіli occupy a scratch camp. Wilhelm Fridemann, an organist in Dresden; Phillip Emanuel encompassed the estate of the court musician Fridrikh 11 in Berlin, and together with the director of church music in Gamburz; Johann Kristof Friedrich, having spent time at Bückeburg at court services as a chamber musician; Johann Kristian is the organist of the cathedral in Milana, along with the conductor of the court chapel in London. Sini Johann Sebastian, as well as the very best in music, among which there were few serious professionals, to indicate his talent as a teacher.
BACH - TEACHER.
Bagato hour and respect Bach came to the beginning of pedagogical literature. With the teacher’s skill, preludes are tied up for the ears, inventions and bagatories of the claviers. Charming miniatures, masterpieces of the clavier mystery served as an additional material for vivchennya and vikonannya on the harpsichord of rich-voiced music, for setting the hand of those other pedagogical goals. Zbirniki tsikh p'єs, from small preludes to preludes and fugues * Good tempered clavieru *, - school of gris on claviri, which I am looking for all the steps of difficult. It is also impossible to apply the value of Bach's innovations in the applique.
Bach's pedagogical skill, who was a composer himself, did not deny proper marks for life. To navigate after his death in the same magistrate lunar displeased voices: "The school needs a bov cantor, not a bandmaster", "r Bach boo, madly, a great musician, but not a teacher."
THE REST OF THE WORKS
In the last few years of life, Bach is an artist who is more and more in himself, and who are buried in the inaccessibility of musical and philosophical ideas, pragmatically as bi vidgoroditsya because of zhorystokoy activity. Ale and the mystery of the quiet rocky, inaccessible for the majesty, consumes a bit of warmth and people.
* Musical offering * , * Fugue art *- two serii polyphonic p'єs... In them, the problem of polyphonic maysternality is permitted with the boundary for the whole style of mystery. Bach universally demonstrates technical possibilities, such as volodya counterpoint, polyphonic form, fugue. V * fugue* Mysteriousness reached that great boundary, far away, which could not develop, but the great daring was interrupted by the artist's work. Remaining rocky life of the composer was filled with serious ailment of eyes. Pislya not far from the opera Bach oslip. Ale and todi vin prodovzhuvav fold, dictate your creation for the record.
The death of Bach, as a yak, was seen on the 28th of Linden 1750, did not wink at the words - not a good one. In our days there is a tombstone in the church of St. Fomi, kudi bouly carrying the remains of the great composer, - the place of the post-pilgrimage of the majestic number of people, who shylyayutsya in front of the mighty gene of Bach. The share of the squad of that young daughter of Bach was summed up. Anna Magdalena ten years ago died in a booth for children. The youngest daughter Regina is alive and cold. Beethoven in the last days of a difficult life.
CHARACTERISTIC OF CREATIVITY.
The creativity of Bach, which may be unattainable for life, will surely be forgotten after his death. An hour has passed, and the first time has come to be able to assess the decline, which the greatest composer lacked.
The process of developing a masterpiece in the 18th century was folded and defaced. The old feudal-aristocratic ideology was heavily infused, and new sprouts were still conceived and matured, in which the spiritual needs of the young, historically advanced class of bourgeoisie were brought up.
At the naygostrіshіy struggle directly, through the reduction and breaking of the old forms, the new mystery is growing.
In such minds, the revelation in Bach's works of the past forms and means of virazi gave a glimpse of respecting his creativity to the old, bulky. During the period of the ubiquitous overwhelming of gallant mysticism with its sophisticated forms and awkward wickedness, Bach's music looked backwardly foldable and immodest. The composer didn’t bash the blue in his creative work, except for anything.
Bahu opened his mind to the will of musicians, whose name was saved by history; but the stench did not "wield only vchenistyu", mali "relish, blisk and nizhne podchuttya".
Before Bach were put more or more orthodox church music minions. In such a rank, the creativity of Bach, having surpassed its era, has become overwhelmed by the buffoons of the gallant art, so that in the music of Bach it is reasonable to introduce the destruction of the church and consecration of the history of the canons.
In the 19th century, the revival of Bach's creative work is being repaired. In 1802, the first biography of the composer appeared, written by the German historian Forkel; With her bagatim and tsikavim material, won her respect for the life and specialty of the composer. The directors of the great propaganda of Mendelssohn, Schumann, List, and Bach's music began to gradually penetrate into the wider middle. In 1850, the Bakhov's suspension was established, as he put his own for the meeting and take all the manuscript material, as well as lying to the great musician, and seeing it at the sight of the new creation. In the 30s of the 19th century, Bach's art of giblets can be found in musical life, to sound in the music, to be included in the repertoire of the main.
Ale in the smallest and most opinionated music of Bach, there are a lot of contradictory thoughts. Some historians characterized Bach, as an abstract misleader, operas with abstract musical and mathematical formulas, and they used to bach into a new life of mysticism, or a right-wing, well-disposed church musician.
Especially negative for the intelligence of the action of Bach's music is that it was put down to it, as it was to the extent of polyphonic "wisdom".
In Russia, the positive attitude to the work of Bach continued in the end of the 18th century. A review of Bach's works, which was seen in St. Petersburg, "Little Books for Music Lovers", was a review of Bach's works, in which the richness of his talent and vinyatkov was meant.
Bach chi does not equal respect for all musical genres. Nicholas winn’t getting tired of rewriting and "correcting" the writing, it’s not worthy of discussion, nor the scale of the creation. So, the manuscript of the first to that "Good Tempered Clavier" was rewritten by the Chotiri Razi. To the numerical serpents "Passion according to Ioann" has fallen; The first version of "Passion for John" is carried up to 1724, and the remainder - up to the rest of the rock life.
The greatest innovator and pioneer in a number of new genres, Bach did not write operas and didn’t start trying. The protest of dramatic operatic style of Bach is wide and rich. The prototype of Bach's childish, pathic, sorrowful, or heroic themes can be found in dramatic operatic monologues.
In vocal works, Bach can be cited in all forms of solo singing, vibrating operatic practice, different types of arias, recitative. It is not unique to vocal ensembles, to introduce tsikaviy by means of concentrating, so that it can be used as a soloist voice and instrument.
In the creative minds, like, for example, In "Passion for Matthew", the basic principles of opera dramaturgy (sound of music and drama, the continuity of the musical and dramatic development) are included more recently, not in modern times. More than once I brought Bach to witness the cult creations in theatricality.
Throughout Bach's "zinuvachen" they did not rip up any traditional evangelical subjects, no spiritual texts, or submission to music. At the same time, the bright supernaturalness of the orthodox church rules overwhelmed the interpretation of animal images, and the wicked character of the music ruined the manifestation of the meta and the significance of music in the church.
Seriousness of thought, zeal to the great phylosovian uzagalny of living things, instead of concentrating folding material in stislich musical images with the invisible power of enlightenment in Bach's music. The power of power zoomed in the need for a trivial development of the musical idea, they wicked their praise to the last and repeated development of the richly significant musical image.
Bach was the first to emerge and the vicorist to see the power of polyphonic music: dynamics and logic to the process of developing melodic lines.
Bach's creation with a kind of symphonic symphony. The internal symphonic development is united in the string of the number of the end of the number of the minor meshes, due to the fact that the ruff is straightened in small fugues "Good tempered clavier". Bach Buv is not only the greatest polyphonist, but the most famous harmonicist. It is not for nothing that Beethoven respected Bach for his father's harmony. The number of bakhyvskih creations, de-perevazhaє homophonically warehouse, is seen in a divine variety of chord-harmony endings, that particular variability of harmonies, as the distant transfer of the harmonic representation of the music of the music.
Feel the dynamism of tonalities, tonal sounds, so we will be new for the hour of Bach. The palatal development, the palatal roc are one of the most important factors and the basis for the formation of the bagatech of the bach's creations.
The polyphony of Bach is a tse Persh for all the melody, її rukh, the whole self-life of the skin melodious voice and gossip of bagatio voices into a crumbling sound fabric, until one voice is supposed to sound like a sound.
ROZBIR MUSIC CREATIVES
Klavirnym CREATIVITY
The memory of the clavier mystery is made possible from the first half of the 18th century; wines of dressings from the range of prominent maestros; François Couperin, Domeniko Scarlatti (1685-1757), Georg Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach and others. Not applied the historical roles of Couperin, Scarlatti, Handel, followed by the vision of Bach as the greatest innovator in the field of clavier creativity.
Those who have taken the best and more beautiful, lower school and clavier music of Italy, England, France, Bach zekhtuvav Tim, which was blown up by a new one in Batkivshchyna.
Bach was the first to see the universality of the clavier. I have reworked the instrument into a reference for creative laboratory, de, not getting messy with the inviting fences and church control, I can easily experiment and see the best projects and ideas.
Bach poses for the rich arsenal of organ, violin, operatic literature, stylistic priyomy, especially the form and play of the clavier masterpiece. I have introduced a number of genres into creative practice that were not even earlier in clavier music. Win a new interpretation of the clavier plot, widely vikorystyu improvizatsii and imitatsiyni forms, which were previously practiced, importantly, in organ music. Zastosovuchi to the achievement of the violin music, to the adoption of the new genre of the clavier concerto. The richness of the genre of bachy clavier music will be supplemented by the majestic series of all kinds of variations and pedagogical endeavors. Piano music is bound to the labor of an innovator-misler and a skilled artist, a great master, penetrating and copyright, with its own bright maybutnim. Bach bouv її as a master.
GOOD tempering clavier
Bach mav with wide interests, and in his creativity is represented by the best different genres, Ale fugue, і not a clavier fugue, which has passed in the center of yogo uvaga. Winning step by step pragnuv to a thorough understanding of the form; with the strength of the robot over the clavier fugue of the essential meaning of the stage of the composer's creative life.
First of all, the prelude and fugue "Good Tempered Clavier", completed in Keteni in 1722, was a great work.
Twenty chotiri preludes and fugues, stored in the first volume of "Good Tempered Clavier", are the same non-reversals of polyphonic clavier music.
Through rich rock, in Leipzig, Bach again rises to the problem of the cycle of preludes and fugues from the lessons of the major and minor keys. This is how another volume of "Good Tempered Clavier" with twenty chotiroh preludes and fugues appears.
"Good tempering clavir" rightly embraces a kind of encyclopedia of Bakhiv images. Bach opens the great and folding in the pink rose of chamber forms internal light people, rich in the area of human sentiments.
Ethichny zmіst, vіlene in the form of impenetrable thoroughness, brought "Good tempering clavіr" to the encampment of the greatest manifestation of the sacred mystery. It is not for nothing that great musicians have come to mind on the cikh works: Beethoven, Chopin, Schumann, List and a lot of them. Bach didn’t realize that the creation of the creation was the trash of a master of vinyatka value.
Tsei tvir Bach wrote, bazhayuchi to introduce into the artist the practice of changing the tonalities of the tempered scale, about himself having barely voiced in such tones: Mi, so і minornі Re, Mi, Fa. Written for the corny and living up to the music of the young, especially for spending an hour quietly, but also right at the galuzy ".
Tempering, albeit equitable, "virivnyanny" mode, on the basis of the natural one, on the sub-octave on two twelve vernacular pivotones. Adjustments of a natural keyboard instrument, sounding purely between tonalities with a small number of signs; the tonalities of the three-chotiroh signs sounded out of tune and didn’t get used to it. As the role of the clavier grew more, as a companion and as a solo instrument, the need for one correct fret was more urgent, as it would allow the bias to hold all the tonalities of the major and minor frets, rather modularly The temperament of the bullet from the house to Bach, the protector of the genius of Bach, was the systematization and the publicity with such artistic power to consume and praise his capital, to transfer those who have lost their experience in musical practice.
The insult to tomi p'єs "Dobre tnmperіrovnogo klavіru" compiled for the same formal familiarity. Skin prelude and fugue to become an oceme of tvir, but not by a fugue tonal: prelude and fugue in C major, prelude and fugue in C minor, prelude and fugue in C-dієz major, preludes and fugue in C-dіor dіor, preludes and so on. This rank, lastly, in the chromatic order, is hunted for all the great and flat tones of the major and minor frets.
In the "Good Clavier Tempering" there are explicit thematic sounds between the prelude and the footer on the day. Tim is not Menne їхє There is a lesser "see" sound, zooming with internal, ideological and emotional zymism, and manifesting itself in the skin surrounding in a different way. You will be welcomed and taken into account in the same period.
Ale і in the back of mind - in a vivid, in the essence of polyphonic music and in forms - a contrasting display of an impromptu prelude and a strictly constructive fugue. The whole complex is biased, so biased, the callous contrast is lost in the inner, if there is a difference behind the zmisty and character of the musical image. So, the male, energetic, with the motor forward movement, the musical image of the pre-minor prelude is contrasted with the vitonchene grace of the fugue; The mournful lyric poetry of the fugue appears with a "revolting side" of the idyllic salt-minorn prelude; light kovzanniyu D major prelude with violin texture protistoit pisna, theatrical svyatkov fugue (1st volume).
The contrast of the musical images of the prelude and fugue is typical for Bakhiv's cyclical compositions; in "Good tempering claviri" contrast becomes the basic principle. However, it is not a bit of a fallacy, if the anger of the prelude and fugue does not start with a contrasting vision, but a spirit of musical imagery. Yak butt can be given preludes and fugues mi-flat, do-diz minor, si-Sinor (I volume).
P'usi DTK, as and most of Bach's instrumental pieces, refer to the area of non-programmed music, because they have no name, not the author's references to a specific plot, or a poetic idea. Alle wide imagery and genre sound will help to penetrate into the senses of the sense of bach music.
There is no need to develop ideas and musical involvement in the DTK. All the same types of musical images allow for the formation of preludes and fugues by the genre signs that are used in them, by the similarity (unaffected by the lack of vision) of the emotional zmist. So, for example, fugues in C minor (I vol.), C major (II vol.), C-diz major, G major (I vol.) It is possible to bring to the works, in which the theme of the dance store is subtly included (cym fugam inno power and character).
The central scene of the loan is a large group of preludes and fugues of a demented lyrical character. The stench is seen as a special seriousness of thought, the intensity of internal development. They open up a hostile glybin and rich-faceted natchnenna bakhivska lyrica. In the case of the skin group, it is determined by the new visibility of those, the first turn: pathetic or tragedy, enlightened-summarily or visibly-sparingly, philosophically-self-absorbed, or mournfully-lyrical.
Prelude and Fugue to Minor from the First Volume “ Good tempered clavier ”.
Prelude to a clear and energetic rhythm. The fast pace and the same texture (sixteen) give the music a great life and ruggedness. The very same bezperervno current character of the ruch lured by the preludes of the polyphonic warehouse.
In the other half of the prelude, there is a readier collapse, like a wide "swing" arpeggiated passages. Then ruh zupinyaєtsya - next short episode (only one measure), nagaduє recitative solo in vocal creativity... Vin to bring into the foreplay the moment, think, think. Variety іntonatsії, zupinki in rusі zaparvlyuyut music in pathetic tone, nayut vyslov great significance. Tse yak bi mudre "word" from the author - the culmination of the prelude. Then there is a small amount of space. Arpeggiated passages step by step take in their assertiveness, which is why they spry and vitriman bass do.
The rest of the sound of the prelude - the major tertiary - is the main theme in the enlightenment of toni.
Energijna and Zhva Fuga is less similar to the prelude. The word "fugue" in Latin means "big". The musical fugue has a folding crisis polyphone tvir, De one voice hiba scho nzdoganyaє іnshy or іdpovіdaє to іnshomu.
One theme lies at the heart of the great fugues. Subsidiaries and consumer fugues are much more developed - with two or three themes. Fugu get started one voice, like a viclada theme. Yak in the inventions and symphonies, the theme of the fugue is that "grain", from which all tvir is virost. Late in the number of voices, the fugue can be two-part, three-part, chotirokh- or five-part.
Fugue in C minor in three voices. Name the voices of the fugue, so, and name the voices in the chorus: soprano, alto, bass. The fugue is obeyed from the monophonic viklad by those middle (alto) voice in the basic key. Three times the main melodic turn, more peaceful, lower tempo in the prelude, deyak dancer to the rhythm, vitality and gracefulness to shrug, especially relativistic and good to remember.
Another performance was assigned to the upper (Sopranovy) voice in the dominant tonality of G minor. Here I will call the topic "vidpovidi" or "fellow".
The song is a small two-beat intermedia, prompted by the main melodic turn of those who won’t sound the third time - in the bass. By the hand of the viclades, those in the skin of the voices become the first razdil fugue - її exhibition.
Another two-stroke intermedia with a single opening from the middle section of the fugue - rosette... The structure is repaired in M flat major - a key parallel to the C minor. Major for music in light toni. In rozrobtsi the theme is held in different tonalities. Activate the collapse in the intermedia.
In the turn of the main tonality, the third part of the fugue is given - reprise. The theme sounds here only in the basic tonality. When the distance appears in the lowest register, it sounds especially significant and is perceived as the culmination of the fugue. The bass podvoyuєtsya in an octave, so we need the music of the strain of organ sounding. Progressively collapse to calm down. I finish the fugue with a major chord, which sounds especially enlightening for a dramatic culmination.
The enthusiastic character of the prelude and fugue does not make it possible to perceive the two parts of the same cycle. Creation of a single tonality for the whole spriy, the activity of the ruch in both passages, however, the place of growth and the dramatic nature of culmination and, nareshty, sporidness of "fading" enlightenment.
BASIC WORKS.
Vocal and instrumental create
Mesa sі minor
"Passion for Matthew" and "Passion for John"
Holy and Spiritual Cantati
orchestral create
4 overtures (syuity)
6 "Brandenburg Concerts"
Concerts for solo instruments with orchestra
7 concerts for clavier with orchestra
3 concerts for two, 2 - for three claviers and orchestra
3 concertos for violin with orchette
concert for two violins with orchestra
CREATURES FOR SMICHKI instruments
6 sonatas and parts for solo violin
7 sonatas for violin and claviro
6 suites (sonatas) for cello solo
Organization of pratsi
choral preludes
pasakal_ya to minor
preludes and fugues
fantasies and tokata
keyboard create
collection of "Little Preludes and Fugues"
48 Preludes and Fugues (two volumes "Good Tempered Clavier")
6 "French" and 6 "English suites" 6 partitas
"Italian Concert" for solo keyboard, "Chromatic fantasy and fugue".
Chi is not a chill, but a sea of demand, call it!
Ludwig van Beethoven.
Here the words: "Bach" - in nimetski means "strumok". Alle the music of Bach - a whole sea of action or to navigate a whole ocean of feelings and thoughts. It’s more time to pass an hour in silence, as the composer is alive, it’s more space and depth of art for people to see. About Bach, his life and creativity on rіznykh movakh svitu written without any books. And everything is new and new - it’s even uncomfortable to pick up the Ocean!
Ledva does not find the best books about Bach to be found by the German clergyman Albert Schweitzer, one of the miraculous people of the 20th century. A. Schweitzer wrote about Bach: "The wine of a man is two sights: his artistic vision and creativity are opposed, the Nemov do not run away from the commonplace burghers' pictures, just see them".
Yogo music was not properly assessed by the participants. For life, I am famous for my head rank, I play on the organs. About the Bach organist, they spoke about a miracle, and they dedicated them to:
It seems that if Orpheus chipped the strings of his lute
On the sounds of її zbіgalisya from the forest of zvіrі.
Ale the mystery of Bach rightfully vvazhayut vishche,
That is why the whole world marveled at you.
As soon as I heard the music, I thought about it, I woke up to see a man who lived close to three hundred years in that, and see a portrait of the composer in front of his eyes, imagining the mighty folding of a broad-faced man in a peruvian fashion.
List of vikoristanikh dzherel .
1. Music literature foreign lands... V. Galatsky
2. A book about music and great musicians. V. Vasina-Grossman.
3. Answers about Johann Sebastian Bach. G. Skudina.
4. Music and ty. G. Skudina.
5. Music literature of foreign lands. І. Prokhorov.
6. Pionersky music club. Ukladach O. Ochakivska .