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Period of Bach's creativity. Bach's piano music. Bach's organ art

Johann Sebastian Bach (Johann Sebastian bach)
Rocky Life: 1685-1750

Bach buv genієm of such a scale, how to build this year's building as a manifestation that is not overturned, vinyatkovy. His creativity is truly unprecedented: the writing of "insight" of Bahian music in the 19th century is of interest to its unrepentant growth, Bach's work is to win the audience, to find the audience, to hear the middle of the hearers, as you call me not to "come to heart" until the mystery.

Bach's counter-punctuation of textures may be more cumulative, not in Hendel and in the greatest composers of that day, which, as a rule, admitting a bit of a line was thrown because of the two who had arrived. Bach's harmony is characterized by a tendency to short-hourly tonicity - a tendency to hit the key, which is a trivial one, especially the super-toned one, to add color to the structure.

Bach's organ art

Vіkrittya footi in six parts from the "Musical Proposition" in the hands of Bach. At the same hour, Bach, on the vidminu of great composers, surpassed the instruments of the great robots, including the "Art of the Fugue" and "Musical Proposition". All in all, this report is absolutely visible to the visitor and more about the culture of the 17th century, in the course of the discussion between the young people, that the visitor and the composer will embellish

The creativity of Bach, from one side, has become the freewheeling kids of the kids. In his own music, the composer was inspired by all those who have reached the point of being reached and accepted in the musical mystery before new... Bach miraculously knew the Nimetsky organ music, the choir polyphony, the particularity of the Nimetsky and Italian violin style. Win not only knowing, but rewriting the creation of the lucky French harpsichord players (in the Perch of Couperin), Italian violinists (Corellia, Vivaldi), the most representative of the Italian opera. Volodyuchi, divinely receptive to everything new, Bach razroblyav and zagalnuvav accumulations of creative dosage.

Mabut, pious, specialties of Bach's Christian god in the Lutheran tradition, and a great drink on the religious music of that hour inevitably placed sacred music in the center of his repertoire, and, more precisely, the luteran melody of the great choral music ... Included in the choral prelude, also with a standard set of Lutheran forms, with a large, well-integrated architecture, in which, as a rule, there are, as a rule,

At the same time, he is a genial innovator, a vidkriv for the development of light musical culture new perspectives... This can be infused into the works of the great composers of the 19th century (Beethoven, Brahms, Wagner, Glinka, Tanєєva), and in the works of prominent maestros of the 20th century (Shostakovich, Honegger).

The creative work of Bach's fall mayzhe neozora, it includes more than 1000 works of popular genres, with the middle of them being the scale of such vinyatkovs for their hour (MP). Create Bach can be distributed on three main genres of groups:

Bach's theology talked about the compositional structures: Tse Gegryussett, perhaps, with the most beautiful butt, de theme with 11 options, as, if I want to lose one robot, I have two sets of six, to teach people the same principles of repetition. the theological interpretation of the "Maystra" and 11 scholars will not be used for the next auditorium. In addition, the practical appearance of the skin version before the offensive, to be built, to show the new building and propagate the music, the vicious musical forms, available at that hour.

vocal and instrumental music;
organ music,
music for their own instruments (keyboard, violin, flute, etc.) and instrumental ensembles (including orchestra).

Create skin groups of tied, in the main, with the singing period of the creative biography of Bach. The most important organs are created in Weimar, the clavier and orchestral leading rank is carried up to the Keten period, vocal and instrumental in most of the writing in Leipzig.

The Bakh druk, who was victorious, was held out by the stretching of the Leipzig rocky. Bach's knowledge and interest in liturgy have led to a wide range of foldable verses between music and linguistic text. The price can be seen from the lowest to the highest level of composition technology. At the lowest level, there are short motives that can be seen behind the additional periodic associations as the creative symbolism and articulation of the literature.

Bach's keyboard music

Besides the specific musical peculiarities linked to Bach's relevance, the fact that the music for the audience was assigned to a serious, regular worship was Yoogo natural agility could be a kind of evolved form, and not be seen and passed on to a greater dramatic musical innovation. In such a rank, the blameless genius of Bach will be more likely to be recalled to the robot in structures, as it is to the thought of more critics and histories.

The main genres, in some of Bach's works, are traditionally: mesi and pasioni, cantati and oratorio, choral obrobki, preludes and fugues, dance performances and concerts. Having succumbed to the genre from his predecessors, Bach pushed on such a swing that they did not know the stench before. Win onoviv with new ways of variety, enriching with rice, suspected from other genres musical creativity... We can serve you with a buttstock. Designed for the clavier, it includes the power of great organ empires, as well as the dramatic recitation of theatrical prowess.

Bach's internal special drive, how to show his musical achievements, is evident in its decorative aspects. Naybіlsh is an obvious boon to his success in becoming a provincial virtuoso and an organizer of the day on the organ. A lot of claviaturnal preludes are a must for a non-kostevoy impromptu vitality in the old tradition, since the internal organization became more and more overkill, the dosages of the winners.

Virtuosity is a key element in other forms, such as the fugal music from the Brandenburz Concert No. 4, in which Bach himself could sing the violin solo. Yogo is fond of the role in the quality of the teacher of the bullet to the pragmatists of the hunt for the whole genre, which can be used in the collection of rukhivs, as well as in the range of artistic and technical possibilities that power the genres. The chain of predictions to the manifestation of structures is evident by extending the life of the world: the options of Goldberg, include the last canons from the dedalized intervals, and the mystery of the fugue can be seen as a look at the fugal methods.

Bach's creativity, with all its versatility and all-inclusiveness, has "sidetracked" one of the provincial genres of the hour - opera. At the same time, there are not many developments in Bach's Svitski cantati from the Comedy Intermedia; opera-buffa... The composer harshly called them, like the first Italian operas, “dramas on music”. You can say that this is what Bach did, like "Kavova", "Selyanska" haunted life, We have transferred the Nimetsky singspiel.

Bakh buv will find for all his life in the capacity of an organist, a consultant organ and a composer, an organ that is pratsyu like in traditional non-technical genres, such as preludes, fantasies and tokata - and more strict forms, such as those. Winning a reputation as a young man for his great creativity and building of integration of earthy styles in his organ of robots. At about the same hour, Bach copied the robots of numerous French and Italian composers, disclaimed the declarations about his compositional moves, and then organized concerts of the violin Vivaldi and others for organ and harpsichord.

Number of images and іdeyny zmіst

The figurative zmist of Bach's music is immeasurable at its latitude. Youmu is equally accessible and simpler. Bach's mystery of merit and grief, simple-hearted humor, most dramatic drama and philosophical thought. Similar to Handel Bach, he revisited the historical sides of his era - the first half of the 18th century, however, they are not a hero, but a religious and philosophical problem hanging from the Reform. Have your own music wine about the new ones, vіchnі nutrition human life - about the recognition of the people, about their moral obligations, about life and death. Thinking about the most often related to the religious theme, aje Bach may have served all his life at the church, having written a large part of the music for the church, he himself became very familiar with the people, and know the Holy Letter perfectly well. Winning the church is holy, fasting, having received the sacrament for a few days before death. Bibliya on two movah - nimetskoy and Latin - bula yogo on this book.

In addition, as I left Weimar, Bach’s wich fell for the organ, wanting to send a new blast to the end of all the new robots. Pislya ts'go Bach brave to take an active part in consultations on projects of organs, testing new organs and dedicated organs in the afternoon. The title side of the third part of Clavier-Jubnga, one of Bach's non-Bach robots, was published by the stretching of his life.

Share of Bach's music

In addition, Bach wrote a number of cantatas from the Holy See, especially for civilians, such as for the sake of navguratsia. Before them, we can refer to the funky cantati, the fun quodlibet, the village cantata and the cava cantata, as it’s worth the devil’s, but don’t let them go out, for as long as you don’t think of it because of its popularity.

Isus Christ in Bach - head hero and ideal. In a whole image, the composer is bachelor of the smashing human qualities: strength to the spirit, vitality to the chosen path, purity of thought. Naipotaєmnishe in the history of Christ for Bach is the tse of Golgotha and the cross, the sacrificial feat of Jesus, heightened the order of the people. Qia theme, being navazhlivіshoyu in bakhіvskom creativity, we will neglect ethical, moral tlumachennya.

Bach's great choral and orchestral works include the grandiose passion of St. Різні rocky and Rizdvyana oratorio. Magnificat in two versions - Easter Oratoria, and Oratorio of Ascension to compete with the great, folding cantatas, in the minor world, below the Preferences and the Rizdvyana Oratoria.

The title side of the Biblia of Calovs with Bach's signature in the lower right codend. Hegel, who was present on Vistavi, calling Bach "great, in the right way Protestant, overwhelming and, as it is possible to be so visceral, an erudovan geniєm, who only recently knew I knew, good value." In the offensive rock, the propaganda of Badchen Mendelssohn and the growth of the composer were trivial.

musical symbolism

The foldable light of Bach's creations unfolds through the musical symbolism, which was laid in the mainstream of the Baroque aesthetics. Participants of Bach's music, including instrumental, "pure", was thought to be the sound of the sound of melodies in these simple melodic phrases, as well as the singing witness, emotions, ideas. For the analogy with the classic oratorical mystery and sound formulas, I will name musical rhetorical figures... Some rhetorical figurines were imaginative in nature (for example, anabasis - convergence, catabasis - convergence, circulatio - wrapping, fuga - big, tirata - arrow); іnsі inherited the іntonatsіy of human movi (exclamatio - viguk - vyshіdna sexta); the third conveyed an affect (suspiratio - zithannya, passus duriusculus - chromatic hid, which is to get used for turning grief, country person).

Bach's reputation has become imperceptibly high. Another reason for this was the development of an "authentic" or periodic ruch, yak, it is quite worthwhile, to magnetize to the music, as the composer has given it. Apply in yourself the creation of the clavier creatures on the harpsichord, and not on the bitty pianos and victorious choruses or singular voices to replace the great forces, which vvazhayut for the beautiful viconauts of the 19th and the ear of the 20th. Another robot, with Bach directly embedded on the yak, is "Bahianas Brasiliaras" Villa-Lobos.

The masters of the stylized semantics, musical figures have been transformed into "signs", the emblematic of singing sentiments and understanding. For example, falling melodies (catadasis) got used to the symbolism of sadness, vmirannya, put in a trune; Visible scales caught the symbolism of the resurrection and in.

Motive-symbols are present in all works of Bach, and they are not only musical rhetorical figurines. The symbolic meaning often has melodies Protestant chorales,їх відрізки.

Smeet - information about counterpoint robots "Fugue good tempered clavier": interactive assessments, displayed for recordings by Devida Korevaar and analysis of Tim Smeet. Bach manuscripts - video lectures by Christophe Wolf based on the archives of the priestly manuscripts of the family of Bach.

Mendel, Arthur.
Bach's new reader.
Bach yak organist: yogo instruments, music and practice vikonannya.
Robots about Johann Sebastian Bach in libraries.

Johann Sebastian Bach, without a doubt, is one of the great generations, which has passed the stage of history.

With the Protestant chorales, Bach, with a bandage, stretching out all his life - both for the whole life, and for the kind of dyalnost as a church musician. Winning successively pratsyuvav from chorales in the very different genres - organ choral preludes, cantatas, passions. Tsilkom naturally, scho P.Kh. becoming not me warehouse part Musical Movi Bach.

Now I want to become one of the great composers, I am the leading rank for my main character as a virtuoso organist and improvisator. Only in the nineteenth century the music became internationally shanuvaty so, as at once, if the great composers of the eighteenth century, such as Mozart and Beethoven, would like to hear the manuscript. Material on ts_y side to finish the great. I am grateful, you will be honored to know more beautifully. Johann Sebastian Bach is a famous composer and musician of the Baroque era.

Winning the tired nimetsky styles the founders of their own meysternity in counterpoint, harmonious and motivational organization and adaptation of rhythms, forms and textures from behind the cordon, especially from the Italy of France. Bach's compositions include Brandenburg concerts, Goldberg's variations, Masi in Minor, Two Predictions, and more than three hundred sacred cantatas, from which there are as many as two hundred. Yogo music is meant for the technical team, the artist, the beauty and the intellectual glybin.

The chorale was drunk by the whole Protestant community, the stench was part of the spiritual world of people as a natural one, a necessary element of light. Choral melodies and connected with them are a religinny zmist boule in the form of a dermal one, so people of the Bahian hour easily recognized associations with a zmist chorale, with a specific foundation of the Holy Letter. The creativity of Bach, melodies of P.Kh. to remind the music, including instrumental, spiritual program, which clarifies the zmist.

Bach was born in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach, in a beautiful musical family. Yogo Batko, Johann Amvrosiy Bach, being the director of the local musicians, and all of them were professional musicians. Yogo dad, ymovirno, having thrown yogo grati on violin and harpsichord, and yogo brother, Johann Christophe Bach, having hit on yogo clavicord and playing yogo on rich and exciting music. Mabut, for the powerful initiative Bach came to the school of St. Michael in Luneburzi two rocks. Recent histories take into account that the death of a bully was caused by a combination of an insult and pneumonia.

Good luck to Bach as an organist, bully shanovany throughout Europe, stretching out his life, I wish I had not been widely informed by the great composer until the revival of interest and the introduction of this music in the first half of the nineteenth century. In the given hour, win over to get involved with one of the greatest composers in the last hour.

Symbols are also used for sound production, which may be meaningful. One of the symbols that Bach favored - cross symbol, Scho is stored from chotir'h riznorimovannyh notes. I’ll graphically call the first one from the third, and my friend from the fourth, pretend to be a little cross. (Tsikavo, the nickname BACH, when deciphered notoriously, is approved by the same babe.

Vin bouv blue by Johann Ambrose Bach, director of local music, and Mary Elizabeth Lemmerhirt. Win buv the eighth child of Johann Ambrose, who, ymovirno, introducing yo violin and the basics of the theory of music. Yogo uncle bully professional musicians, to the warehouse of which went away church organs, chamber music and composers. One uncle, Johann Kristof Bach, got to know him with the organ, and his older two-year brother, Johann Ludwig Bach, is now seen as a composer and a violinist.

Bach, 10 rock, moved over with his oldest brother Iohann Kristof Bach, organist in the Church of St. Michael in Ohrdruf, Sax-Gotha-Altenburg. There, I won’t see, won and copied the music, including my own bossy brother, who didn’t care about those who were barred from the robots, so the assessments were very valuable, and the specials were empty, such as expensive books. Winning the price of seeing his brother, who instructed him on the keyboard. Also, for a whole hour in the Muscovite Gymnasium, they were victorious on theologians, Latin, walnut, French and Italian language.

Nareshty, є numerical links between cantata-oratorial (tobto textual) works of Bach and yogo instrumental music... At the beginning of all the re-insurance of the sounds and analysis of the rhetorical figures, Bach's system of musical symbols... A. Schweitzer, F. Buzoni, B. Yavorskiy, M. Yudina made great additions to the roster.

"Friend of the People"

The genial creativity of Bach was not correctly judged by his fellow participants. Koristyuchis glory as an organist, guilt for life without having secured proper respect as a composer. About his creativity has not been written by any serious robot, if only a part of the work has been published is insignificant. After Bach's death, the manuscripts fell with a saw in the archives, they were completely ruined, and the composer's name began to swell.

Reference interest to Bach, Vinik Liche in the 19th century. Ear of yomu poklav F. Mendelssohn, vipadkovo know from the bibliotessi note "Passion for Matthew". Go to the management of the tvir bulo viconano in Leipzig. There are a lot of listeners, literally hostile to music, none of the author's name. Tse bulo to other Bach peoples.

Until the end of the day of his death (1850) in Leipzig bulo organized bach suspension Yake put all the composer's saved manuscripts in front of the main collection of works (46 volumes).

Some of Bach's blues became prominent musicians: Philip Emmanuel, Wilhelm Fridemann (Dresden), Johann Kristof (Buckenburg), Johann Kristian (the youngest, "London" Bach).

Bach's biography

ROCKY	LIFE	CREATIVITY
	Born in m to Eisenach in the family of a hereditary musician. This profession is traditionally for the whole family of Bachs: mayzhe all representatives on the protests of decilkoh become musicians. Johann Sebastian's first musical mentor is Buv Yogo Batko. Besides, a beautiful voice can be heard, singing at the chorus.
In 9 rockiv	We became a round orphan, and we became aware of the vikhovannya in the family of our older brother - Johannes Kristof, who served as an organist in Ohrdrufe.
	In 15 years, he finished the Ordruf Lyceum with familiarity and moved to Luneburg, De joining the chorus of "backstabbers" (in Michaelschule). Up to 17 years of life in volodya with harpsichord, violin, viola, organ.
	With a stretch of decilcoh coming rock_v kіlka razіv zmіnyu mіsce living, serving as a musician (violinist, organist) in small nіmetsky places: Weimar (1703), Arnstadt (1704), Mühlhausen(1707). The reason for moving the skin is one and the same - the lack of satisfaction with the minds of the robot, a fallow camp.	The first to create appears - for the organ, the clavier ("Caprichchio for the departure of the kokhany brother"), First spiritual cantati.
	Veimarska PERIOD Having entered the service to the Duke of Weimar, he was a court organist and chamber musician in the chapel.	The rock of Bach's first composer's maturity, is even more fertile in his creative relationship. The culmination in organ creativity has been reached - it has declared everything more beautifully, which was created by Bach for the whole instrument: Tokata and Fugue in D Minor, Prelude and Fugue in A Minor, Prelude and Fugue in C Minor, Tokata in C Major, Passacalia in C Minor, And also famous "Organa booklet". In parallel with organ works, he worked over the cantati genre, over the transcription for the clavier of violin Italian concerts (most of Vivaldi). Weimar rock is also characteristic of the first beasts to the genre of solo violin sonatis and suites.
	Ketensky PERIOD He became a "director of chamber music", tobto the chief of all court musical life at the court of the Ketensky prince. Pragnuchi give sin to the university education, try to move to the great place.	Oskilki in Keteni, a good organ and a choir chapel, overlooking the main respect on the clavier (I volume "DTK", Chromatic fantasy and fugue, French and English scenes) and ensemble of violin
	Leipcizka PERIOD Stak cantor (kerivnik choir) in Tomashul - schools at the church of St. Fomi. Besides the magnificent creative work and service in the church school, taking an active part in the activity of the "Musical College" of the place. There was a lot of music lovers' suspension, which also organized concerts of light music for the inhabitants of the place.	The hour of finding the bakhivskoy genija. Bully svoreni beautiful create for choir with orchestra: Mesa sі-minor, Passion for John and Passion for Matthew, Rizdvyana oratorio, a large number of cantatas (about 300 - in the first three rocks). In the last ten years, Bach, in the greatest world, is engaged in music, whether it be applied in any way. Such II volume "DTK" (1744), as well as parties, "Italian concert. Organ of the Mesa, Ariya with Riznim Variatsii ”(after the death of Bach, they were named Goldberg's ones).
	Remain rocky with sick eyes. Pislya not far from the opera blinded, ale prodovzhuvav pisati.	Two polyphonic cycle - "Mystery of the fugue" and "Musical offering".

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Saint Petersburg Humanitarian University of Professionals

KIROVSKY PHILIA

CONTROL ROBOT

discipline« Theory and Methods of Music "

Topic: "Life and Work of Johann Sebastian Bach"

Savinikh S.V.

June 15, 2013

Entry

1. Life Shlyakh Johann Sebastian Bach

2. Characteristics of the creativity of Johann Bach

2.1 Organ creativity

2.2 Orchestral and chamber music

2.3 Vocal create

3. Share of Bach music

visnovok

Entry

Johann Sebastian Bach is a German composer, representative of the Baroque era, organist-virtuos, music teacher. More than two hundred rocky days have passed since the day of Bach's death, but I think that all the growth is growing up to this music. For life, the composer did not take away the well-deserved recognition. For his life, Bach wrote 1000 creations for his life. His creativity presents all the significant genres of that hour, except for the opera; win the book about the achievement of musical art from the period of the Baroque. I vvazhayu, bach - the tse of non-transformations the master of polyphony. Contrary to the broadening of the myth, Bach went to death without forgetting.

True, there was a great deal of creation for the clavier: you did it, you saw it, you saw it, you did it for didactic purposes. In the church, Bach's works were played for the organ, in a post-life experience there was a boule of harmonization of chorales. Bach's cantata-oratorical works sounded rather odd (I want it to be widely propagated in the Church of St. bakhivskoy sleeping decline.

Great suspilny resonance was raised by Zelter, twenty Felix Mendelssohn-Barthold on the 11th birch of 1829 at Berlina "Passion for Matthew". They began to find rehearsals, as they performed Mendelssohn - they showed the helpless music lovers. The tribute is not enough of such success, but a concert of repeated repetitions on the day of Bach's People's Day. "Passion for Matthew" sounded also in the other places - in Frankfurt, Dresden, Kenigsberz. The meta of my robots is taka: z'yasuvati yak Johann Sebastian Bach infiltrating the music of the coming composers. Here is the following:

1. Life path by Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach was born on the 31st birch 1685 in Eisenach, a small provincial town of Türіngіya, in one of the most beautiful Nimetsian regions, near mіtsyah, tied with music long ago. Johann is always writing, scho lying down to the famous musical family. Muzykanti bouly yogo dіd, pradіd, daddy, daddy brothers, їхні children, as well as the birth brothers of Johann Sebastian. The most prominent musicians became the year of the strongest blue. Stretching 17 - 18 tables from Türlingia, the same lackluster organisms, composers, violinists, flutists, cappelemasters, trumpets from the Bach family have settled, but the word “Bach” itself is not synonymous with the word “musician. Professional musician, also traditional for the Bach family line, Johann Sebastian was prepared for early rock... The first lecturer of the boy, the buv yogo dad, is the Skripal, the Musikant from Eisenakhe. At the school, Johann Sebastian has slept at the school, and will be attracted to the most popular young people; for a small fee, the stench was smelled at the holy saints, and at the funeral and at the funeral they sang spiritual songs. Nine Rocks Johann Sebastian lost his life as a round orphan and was taken over by his older brother Iohann Kristof.

The music of Johann Sebastian passed farther away from his brother's performance. Ale genially gifted nature, it is unlikely that she could be satisfied with the pedantic, schooly - workmanship lessons of Johann Kristof. Vin appeared as a dry, insensitive musician. For an addictive, musical lad, the price is great. To that still tenfold child, pragnuv to self-enlightenment. Having learned that his brother in the school has been making a copy of the glorified composers' creations, the boy at that very night left the book and rewrote the notes at the monthly light. A lot of months of triviality is a tedious robot, won’t strongly deceive the star of the Maybut composer. It’s like a tortured child, if a brother found him once for a busy time and saw the same rewritten notes. Here - and the strengths of Johann Sebastian's character appeared for the first time: easeliness, straightforwardness, easeliness in pratsi. Early pragnennya to a special freedom sponded the fifteen-year-old Yunak to dim his brother and shukati koshti for an independent iznuvannya. At 1700 years old Johann Sebastian moved to Luneburg.

A beautiful voice, loudly playing the violin, organ, harpsichord, helped him to enter the choir of the "back-to-back", de vin having cut off a small fee. Right there, in Luneburg, in 1703 Bach finished school; he is a great student and having finished his diploma, giving him the right to enter the university. Ale, speed up the right youmu without going into it. Bach is guilty of giving all his respect to the thoroughly composer's and Vicon's majesty - one for a new real dzherel sensation. In general, Luneburg, like Arnstadt and Weimar, are significant stages of the great creative nobility of the composer. With Luneburg, the rock of science and early youth were sketched; a new darkness appeared in the important life of the composer. At a quarter of 1703 Bach yak skripal come to serve in a small princely chapel near Weimar. Ale there is a taste of wine. Not satisfied with the work and the fallow camp, I was willing to accept the request for the post of the organist of the New Church in the city of Arnstadt, and in 1704 I went there.

The life of yogo in the whole place was at once accelerated by a dull, wicked, enthralled martyrdom against the dull genius, he was worried by his sleepy calm. The dissatisfaction grew up again, and with it Bach cooled down to his official robot. In 1705, the rock, having quickened on a vidpustkoyu, Bach, through the marriage of cats on a carriage, went to Lubeck pishki. Arnstadt's turn of Bach was far from amiable. The coarse man has finished his drink, the meticulous involvement in the special life of Bach's encampment in Arnstadt was unbearable. In 1707, Bach moved to Mühlhausen and sent a church musician to the same place. I know Weimar. Bach at the service. Zaluchennya to the light musical art. Weimar's Bach tried about ten rock times. Here, for the first time, there was a possibility of criticism in the funniest Vicon's music of his rich-early talent, viprobuvati in the best effort: as an organist, a musician of an orchestral drop, in a way of bringing the music to the violin and the harpsichord Otzhe, in Weimar's plan for Bach - a highly important stage. In the central, main area of Bakhiv music, organ music, the Weimar period is characterized by the development and development of creativity.

A few of the foregoing wraps were realizing and there was a residual form of piznish, if, having left Weimar, Bach moved to Kyoten. The Ketensky period is certainly the last in the life of the composer. In 1720, Bach rozi try to vlashtuvatisya in Gamburzi, the vacancy of the organist at the church of st. Jacob. In 1721, the composer became friends with the daughter of a trumpeter from Weissenfels Hanna Magdalene Wikeln. At the trawn 1723 Bach, the cantor of the school of St. Fomi moved from his homeland to Leipzig. Years later, Bach became more and more girder. Tim is not the man, he prodovzhuvav fold the music, dictating to his son-in-law Altnikkol. Taylor doubled over Bach's opera, ale of offended operas appeared close by, Bach became lonely. 18 years old, unsupported, unsuccessful insights, and even in the evening there was a blow with him. Bach died 28 linden; Possibly, the cause of death was the accelerated operation.

The hour, when the list of estimates was lost in more than 1000 talers, and included 5 harpsichords, 2 lute harpsichords, 3 violins, 3 violas, 2 cellos, viola da gamba, lute and sacred books, as well as 52 books. With a hand of life, Bach wrote about 1000 creations. The composer was praised near the church of St. John, one of the two churches, after serving for 27 years. However, the grave was ruined for good, and in 1894 the remains of Bach were known for an hour of awakening robots from the enlargement of the church, de and boules were overwhelmed in 1900. Pislya ruinuvannia of the church of the church before the hour of the Other holy wines the ashes of the transfer on 28 April 1949 to the church of St. Thomas. In 1950 rotsi, which is the name of rock I. S. Bach, a bronze tombstone was erected over the month of the building.

2. Characteristics of creativityJohann Bach

The creativity of Bach, which may be unattainable for life, will surely be forgotten after his death. An hour has passed, and the first time has come to be able to assess the decline, which the greatest composer lacked. The process of developing a masterpiece in the 18th century was foldable and superfine. The old feudal-aristocratic ideology was heavily infused, and even more new ones were born and matured, in which the spiritual needs of the young, historically advanced class of the bourgeoisie were brought up.

In such minds, the revaluation in Bach's works of the past forms and the way they were twisted gave a glimpse of his creativity to the old, bulky. During the period of the ubiquitous overwhelming of gallant mysticism with its sophisticated forms and awkward wickedness, Bach's music looked backwardly foldable and immodest. The composer didn’t bash the blue in his creative work, except for anything. Bahu opened his mind to the will of musicians, whose name was saved by history; but the stench did not "wield only vchenistyu", mali "relish, blisk and nizhne podchuttya". Before Bach were put more or more orthodox church music minions.

In such a rank, the creativity of Bach, having surpassed its era, has become overwhelmed by the buffoons of the gallant art, so that in the music of Bach it is reasonable to introduce the destruction of the church and consecration of the history of the canons. In the 19th century, the revival of Bach's creative work is being repaired. In 1802, the first biography of the composer appeared, written by the German historian Forkel; With her bagatim and tsikavim material, won her respect for the life and specialty of the composer. The directors of the great propaganda of Mendelssohn, Schumann, List, and Bach's music began to gradually penetrate into the wider middle. In 1850, the Bakhov's suspension was established, as he put his own for the meeting and take all the manuscript material, as well as lying to the great musician, and seeing it at the sight of the new creation. In the 30s of the 19th century, Bach's art of giblets can be found in musical life, to sound in the music, to be part of the original repertoire. Deyakі historians characterized Bach, as an abstract misler, operas with abstract musical and mathematical formulas, they used to bach into the new life of a mystic, or a right-wing, well-disposed church musician.

Especially negative for the intelligence of the action of Bach's music is that it was put down to it, as it was to the extent of polyphonic "wisdom". In Russia, the positive attitude to the work of Bach continued in the end of the 18th century. A review of Bach's works, which was seen in St. Petersburg, "Little Book for Music Lovers", was a review of Bach's works, which meant the richness of his talent and vinyatkov's skill. Nicholas winn’t getting tired of rewriting and "correcting" the writing, it’s not worthy of discussion, nor the scale of the creation. So, the manuscript of the first to that "Good Tempered Clavier" was rewritten by the Chotiri Razi. To the numerical serpents "Passion according to Ioann" has fallen; The first version of "Passion for John" is dated until 1724 to fate, and the rest - to the rest of life. The greatest innovator and the founder of a number of new genres, Bach did not write operas and didn’t start trying. The protest of dramatic operatic style of Bach is wide and rich.

The prototype of Bach's childish, pathetic and mournful or heroic themes can be found in dramatic opera monologues. In Bach's vocal works, it is natural to cite all forms of solo singing, vibrated operatic practice, different types of arii, recitative. It’s not unique to vocal ensembles, to introduce the tsikaviy priyom of concentration, so that it is enchanted with a solo voice and instrument. ) Included more lastly, not in the recent Bahu Italian opera. More than once I brought Bach to witness the cult creations in theatricality.

Throughout Bach's "zinuvachen" they did not rip up any traditional evangelical subjects, no spiritual texts, or submission to music. At the same time, the bright supernaturalness of the orthodox church rules overwhelmed the interpretation of animal images, and the wicked character of the music ruined the manifestation of the meta and the significance of music in the church. Seriousness of thought, zeal to the great phylosovian uzagalny of living things, instead of concentrating folding material in stislich musical images with the invisible power of enlightenment in Bach's music. The power of power zoomed in the need for a trivial development of the musical idea, they wicked their praise to the last and repeated development of the richly significant musical image. Bach was the first to emerge and the vicorist to see the power of polyphonic music: dynamics and logic to the process of developing melodic lines.

Bach's creation with a kind of symphonic symphony. The internal symphonic development is united in line with the number of ends of the number of the minor meshes, due to the fact that the ruff is straightened in small fugues "Good tempered clavier". Bach Buv is not only the greatest polyphonist, but the most famous harmonicist. It is not for nothing that Beethoven respected Bach for his father's harmony. The number of bakhyvskih creations, de-perevazhaє homophonically warehouse, is seen in a divine variety of chord-harmony endings, that particular variability of harmonies, as the distant transfer of the harmonic representation of the music of the music. Feel the dynamism of tonalities, tonal sounds, so we will be new for the hour of Bach. The palatal development, the palatal roc are one of the most important factors and the basis for the formation of the bagatech of the bach's creations. The polyphony of Bach is a tse Persh for all the melody, її rukh, the whole self-life of the skin melodious voice and gossip of bagatio voices into a crumbling sound fabric, until one voice is supposed to sound like a sound. Bach wrote about 1000 musical works. The annual skin of all creatures has been assigned a BWV number (shortly from Bach Werke Verzeichnis - Bach's robotic catalog). Bach wrote music for young instruments, both spiritually and svitsku. The deyaky create by Bach є with the remnants of the works of the other composers, and the deyaky - with the remix of the versions of their creations. bach operniy music composer

2.1 Organ creativity

The organ of music in Nimechchin until the hour of Bach was already volodying by old traditions, as the leaders of Bach's successors - Pachelbel, Bem, Buxtehude, and the other composers, who in their own way infused into the new - were blended with them. Bach is familiar with each other in a personal way. Win pratsyuvav yak in traditional for that hour "vilny" genres, such as preludes, fantasy, tokata, pasakalia, and in more strict forms - choral preludes and fugues. In his creations for the organ, Bach was able to draw on the rice of the young musical styles, with the wines known by the stretching of life. The composer was infused with both the music of North German composers (Georg Boehm, with Yakim Bach was created in Luneburz, and Dіtrih Buxtehude in Lubeck), so the music of the new composers: pіznіshe win navіt reclaiming of the violin concertіv Vіvaldі for organ. Johann Sebastian didn’t just write a lot of pairs of preludes and fugues and tokata and fugues, but he didn’t finish the Organ book - a collection of 46 short technical demonstrators. the origin of creations at the choral ones. Writing from Weimar Bach becoming less writing for the organ; protest, written by Weimar bouly, written by bagato create(6 three-sonatas, collection of "Clavier-bbung" and 18 Leipzyska chorales). All of Bach's life was not only putting music for the organ, but taking up consultations on the development of instruments, revising and adjusting new organs.

Bach also wrote a number of works for the harpsichord, many of which can be played on Klavikord. Bagato z tsikh creativity є encyclopedic books, showing the development of priyomy and methods of creating polyphonic creatures... Most of Bach's clavier creations, seen for his life, were martyred in the bookshops under the name "Clavirni to the Right." "Good Tempering Claviers" in two volumes, written in 1722 and one thousand seven hundred and forty chotiri rock, is a collection of 24 preludes and fugues in the skin volume, one tonality for the skin. The whole cycle of music is even more important in connection with the transition to systems and tuning of instruments, but it is equally easy to allow music to be played in any tonality - the first for everything, up to the bitterly simple tempering of the tunes. in order to increase the number of signs in tonality. It was intended (and vikoristoyutsya dosi) for playing the game on the keyboard instruments. Three zbirki syuity: English syuity, French syuity and Partita for clavier. The skin cycle of revenge of 6 suites, motivated by the standard scheme (Alemanda, kuranti, sarabanda, Zhiga, and a necessary part between the remains of the house). In the English suites the allemand is preceded by the prelude, and between the Sarabande and the lively presence there is only one part; French suites have a number of unnecessary parts to grow, and preludes to come. The syuïta has a standard scheme of expanding: the smallest opening parts, the presence of additional parts, and not only the Sarabande and the zhіga. The cycle can be completed in a foldable and unviable way. Variations await better on the tonal plane by those who are not on the melodies itself. Variety of p'usi on the chstalt "Overture in French style", BWV 831, "chromatic fantasy and fugue", BWV 903, or BW 97

2.2 Orchestrova and chamber music

Bach wrote music for both instruments and ensembles. Create Yogo for Solo Instruments - 6 sonatas and parts for solo violin, BWV 1001--1006, 6 suites for cello, BWV 1007-1012, and partita for solo flute, BWV 1013, - a lot of things that are very important to some of the composer's best works. Besides, Bach wrote a piece of works for lute solo. Writing vin also trio sonatis, sonatis for flute solo and violi da gamba, supervised by the bass general, and also a great number of canons and richercar, mostly without the need for tools for the performance. Naybіlsh significant butt of such creations - the cycle "Mystery of the Fugue" and "Musical Bringing." One of the most popular - "Brandenburzki Concerts". The stench is so named, so Bach, who saw the Margrave of Christianity Ludwig of Brandenburg-Sweden in 1721, thinking to reject the robot at his court; The test was unsuccessful. A large number of concerts written in the genre of concert groso. Bach's orchestral masterpieces include two violin concerts (BWV 1041 and 1042), a concert for 2 violins in D minor BWV 1043, so the title of "third" la-minor concert (for flute, violin, ) bass) BWV 1,044 і concerts for clavier and chamber orchestra: one for one keyboard (BWV 1052-1058), three for two (BWV 1060-1062), two for three (BWV 1063 and 1064) and one - for minor BWV 1065 - for chotiroh harpsichords. At our hour of the concert with the orchestra, we often see the piano, which can be called Bach's piano concertos, but it’s not just forgotten, but for Bach’s hours there’s no piano. Krim concerts, Bach sklav 4 orchestral suites (BWV 1066-1069), acts of some parts of which are especially widely popular and may be popular in our hour, and the same: this is the name of "Bach's heat" - the rest of the chateau, badinerie of the other a part of the third syuity is aria.

2.3 vocal create

· Cantati. By extending the entire period of his life, a generous Bach in the Church of St. Thomas Keruv in the cantati vikonannya, the theme of which was chosen by the Lutheran church calendar. I want Bach viconuvav and cantati of the first composers, in Leipzigu it is sklav yak minimum three new cycle of cantatas, one for the skin not for rock and for the skin of the church sacred. In addition, there are wine sklav kilka cantatas in Weimar and Mühlhausen. On the whole, Bach wrote about 300 cantatas on spiritual themes, from which only 200 went to our days (the rest is at the viglyadi of one fragment). Bach's cantati is strongly developed for form and instrument. The acts of them were written for one voice, the acts - for the chorus; deyakі vimagayut for the performance of the great orchestra, and deyakі - all the number of instruments. However, the most often victorious model is the following: the cantata is seen as a choral opening, instead of reading recitative and arii for soloists or duets, and all the chorales end. As a recitative, you are encouraged to take the same words from the Bible, which can be read in the same language according to the Lutheran canons. The final chorale is often transferred to the chorale prelude in one of the middle parts, and also sometimes to enter the opening part at the cantus firmus. Nybilsh vidomimi from Bach's spiritual cantatas є “Christ lag in Todesbanden” (no. 4), “Ein“ feste Burg ”(no. 80),“ Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ”(no. 140) and“ Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben "(number 147). In addition, Bach sklav and deyaku a number of light cantatas, timed to any occasion, for example, before the week.

· Pasioni, or addictions. Addictions for John (one thousand seven hundred and twenty chotiri) and Passions for Matthew (bl. 1727) - create for the choir and orchestra on the Evangelical theme the citizens of Christ, designated for the celebration of the Holy Father in St. Thomas Church ... Pasioni is one of the largest-scale vocal works of Bach. Seemingly, Bach wrote 4 or 5 Passions, ale only and two more went to our days.

· Oratorios and magnifics. Nybilsh vіdoma Rizdvyana oratorіya (1734) - a cycle of 6 cantatas for a visit to the hour of the development of the period of literary rock. Easter Oratorio (1734-1736) and magnifikat are sooner great and efficiently used cantati and may be smaller range, below the Rizdvyana oratoria or pasioni.

· Mesi. Naybіlsh vіdoma and significant mesa of Bach - mesa sі minor (finished in 1749), which is a new cycle of ordinary. At tsyu mesu, like in the richness of the composer's creations, early create... Mesa nikoli did not go back to the life of Bach - for the first time it became only in the 19th century. In addition, the music did not vikonuvala for recognition through the inconsistency of the Lutheran canon (the new one included only Kirin and Gloria), and also because of the triviality of sounding (close to 2 years). Aside from this minor, 4 short two-part Bach meshes (Kirin and Gloria) have gone to us, as well as some parts like Sanctus and Kyrie. rashta vocal create Bach includes about 180 chorales, songs and ariyas.

3. Share of Bach music

V the rest of the rock The life and death of Bach's popularity as a composer began to change: his style was respected as an old-fashioned one in a casual classics. They knew who better and were remembered as a viconavts, teacher and father of the young Bachs, in the first place of Karl Philip Emmanuil, the music of which was the biggest in the house. However, many great composers, such as Mozart and Beethoven, knew and loved the work of Johann Sebastian. In Russia cob XIX The capital of Bach's famous and victorious music is especially seen by Fild's student Maria Shimanovskaya and Oleksandr Griboedov. For example, when the school of St. Thomas Mozart was opened, I felt one of the motets (BWV 225) and viguknuv: "Here, who will you?" - for whom, having asked for notes, vivchav was buried. Beethoven duly appreciated the music of Bach. The children of wine have gravure preludes and fugues from "Good tempered clavier", and later they called Bach "the true father of harmony" and said, "Strumok, but Sea yomu im'ya."

Johann Sebastian's work was infused with many composers. Acts of those with Bach's creations, for example, the theme of tokachi and fugues in rem minor, boule bagatorazovo vikoristani in 20th century music. The biography, written in 1802 by Iohann Nikolaus Forkel, attracted the interest of a wide public before the yogh music. All more people saw the music for themselves. For example, Goethe, to finish off the goodness of his life by learning from his creators (in 1814 and 1815 rock in the place of Bad Berk there were boules of viconies of deyaki and chorus of creation), in the leaves of 1827 in harmony from the time of by itself. " Aleksandr Bach's music revival was celebrated with the Victory of the Passion for Matthew in 1829 in Berlin, organized by Felix Mendelssohn.

Hegel, who introduced the concert, calling Bach "a great, empowered Protestant, strong and so bimiti, erudovanim genієm, which only recently have known cinuvati in the new world". At the beginning of rock, Mendelssohn's robot continued to popularize Bach's music and grow in popularity of the composer. In 1850, the Bulo was based on the Bakhov's suspension, marked by the Boule of Zbir, the vivchennya and the extended works of Bach. At the beginning of the century, the staff of the Bull carried out a symbolic work on the folding and publication of the body of the composer's creations. Interest in the music of Bach gave birth to a new ruh of the middle viconians: a wider expansion of the idea of an authentic viconance.

Such vicarians, for example, play the harpsichord to replace the bitter piano and good size, now it was taken in the XIX and the ear of the XX century, but in the accuracy of making the music of the Bakhi era. The deyak composers took advantage of their povaga Bach, including in those of their creations the motive BACH (si-flat - la - do - si in Latin notation).

For example, Liszt wrote a prelude and fugue on the BACH theme, and Schumann wrote 6 fugues on the same topic. Among the works of contemporary composers on the theme can be called "Variation on the theme of BACH" by Roman Ledenov. The theme was victorious and Bach himself, for example, in the XIV counterpoint from "The Mystery of the Fugue". The composers took a bagato butt from their works or vikoristovuvali those from them.

Attachments є variations on the theme of Beethoven's Diabella, the prototype of which є "Goldberg variations", 24 preludes and fugues of Shostakovich, written for the enemies like "Good Tempered Clavier," fugue ". Choral prelude "Ich ruf" zu Dir, Herr Jesu Christ "(BWV 177) by Viconanne Garri Grodberg to sound in the film" Solaris "(1972). ten of the greatest composers in all hours and nations (New York Times).

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The creativity of Bach celebrated a strong inflow into the music of the coming composers, including in the XXI century. Without overshooting, Bach opened the foundations of all the music of the New and New Hour - the history of music is grounded to last on pre-Bach and post-Bach. Johann Sebastian Bach chastised a dozen of the greatest composers in recent times and nations. About Bach, his life and creativity on rіznykh movakh svitu written without any books. Yogo music was not properly assessed by the participants. For life, I am famous for my head rank, I play on the organs. About the Bach organist, they spoke about a miracle, and they dedicated them to:

It seems that if Orpheus chipped the strings of his lute

On the sounds of її zbіgalisya from the forest of zvіrі.

Ale the mystery of Bach rightfully vvazhayut vishche,

That is why the whole world marveled at you.

The visitor would like to be sure that the meta and the work of my robot viconany. I vivchil in detail the work of the wonderful composer Johann Sebastian Bach, recognized yogo creative way It became his creators after his death. I am even more satisfied with the result of my robot.

List of Victory Literature

1. Bach, Johann Sebastian. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron.

2. Answers about Johann Sebastian Bach. G. Skudina.

3. Music literature foreign lands... V. Galatsky.

4.M.S. Druskin. Iogan Sebastian Bach. M .: Muzyka, 1982.

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