Scho is referred to folklore. Folklore is a kind of art. Peculiarities of folklore along with other types of art. Collectively and individually, strength and versatility, variability, syncretism in folklore. Poetics of historical songs

Features of folklore:

The originality of canopies and genres in folklore. Classification of genres, their genetic interconnection and historical ministry.

The folklore genre is the essence of creations, which share the spirit of the poetic system, by-key designation, forms of vikonannya and musical harmony. (V.Ya. Propp) Genre є one of the classifications of folklore

F-r last for canopies, and canopy for genre. If the basis of the classification of worship is the way of creating creations, then the f-r will be divided into ritual and extra-rite.

1) Epos visualization of action in a visual form in the view of objectival pictures. In the epic folklore genres, the hero's encounter with supernatural or real opponents

Pisennі (vіrshovanі)

historical pictures

spiritual issues

prose

Kazkova prose

Kazki about tvarin

charіvnі kazki

Jokes

unspeakable prose

Transferred

Bilichki (demonological rozpovidі)

2) Lyrica- lyric poetically imagining the inner, the mental camp of the people

Parts (rituals, non-ritual)

Voice (only rituals)

3) Dramatic the genre of folklore cannibalize the species-and-game nature

Rituals іgrishcha (grew into vidmezhі potihi)

dramatic іgri

Pizni theatrical genres (folklore theater)

Theater of Living Actors (folk drama)

Lyalkovy Theater (nativity scene, Petrushka)

Raek (theater of pictures with explanations before them)

I will help you to play folklore creations to:

1) Ritual

ritual calendar

ceremonial semeiniy

2) extra-ritual

Created by mali genre folklore:

Send those orders

And also see yak childish folklore. (Koliskov, dragons, horror stories, calls, etc., folklore of working people (songs, parts, prose), folklore BBB (parts, f-r to the front, Tilu, vikradenikh in payback, Peremogi etc.) Kozhen folklore genre has its own number of heroes, its own plot and style, all folklore genres vzamopov'yazani, set up the system. The system has old F.Zh. and on the basis of this new people will be living.

The genetic link of the genres of transmission, but the genre is formed on the foreground general folklore basis, due to the fact that the authorities in the world or even more particularity, for one genre serve as a ground for the judgment of the latter. So, the bilina was not deprived of the basis of early types of heroic pictures, ale, and on the basis of legendary Kazakh genres. Have your own chergu, bilina overflowing historical songs. Qiu dot zoru having learned from his robots Potebnya.

Buslaev the ear of malikh genres having produced proofs, vazhayuchi, scho prisliv'ya, orders, riddles go from the fabulous basis like the insight of the “wisdom of the people”. Evolyutsiy shlyakh pozhazhennya genres pov'yazu їkh mіzh. In the history of folklore, there are modern antiquities - the infusion of new genres into the old and the development of the old, along with the influx of new genres. So, the historical song, having recognized as a continuation of the bilini, itself, in its own devil, in the biline of change: a greater development of social conflicts and the illumination of special heroes, prompting the memory of the poets, In a peculiar form of interconnection of genres in folklore, the incorporation of works of one genre into the creation of others. So, it is possible to sposter admission to bilin and lyricism, de von to serve as a visnovka, an aphoristic visnovka or a moral rule that regulates behavior diyovykh osіb abo hіd dії. And in the kazku enter the letters.

Riddles і іх mісce in the systems of genres of folklore. The designation for the genre. Zmіst and artistic specialties. Choosing and vivchennya of riddles.

The riddle is a short, poetic, cunning description of food, in which it is necessary to give a message, "a metaphor has been well formed."

The mystery is a special place in the middle of the genres of folklore. Zm_st of riddles imagining the life of people, navkolishnє yogo action: roslinny i tvarinny svit, The manifestations of nature, objects of pratsi and pobut. її artist specialty polyagaє in metaphoricality, also vicaristic to be perceived as a result, hyperbole. Riddles will be based on the principle of appropriateness, but also for the visibility of objects. The smell can be simple and foldable. Simple riddles have one image. Folding riddles have a picture whether it is a diya or a pod.

In the 60s of the 19th century, V.V. Mitrofanova started to continue the riddles of riddles, yaka zrobila, mabut, nyvagomishy vyvchennya.

Zbirannya i vivchennya bilin.

The ear of vivchennya bilin is carried up to the first half of the 18th century, if they are cited in the history of V.N. Tatishchev and G.F. Miller. Vony rated bilini as dzherelo vіdomosti about the life of the Russian people before the family period. KF Kalaydovich, editor of another version (1818) of the collection of Kirsha Danilov. Historical pidkhid to bilin buv authorities also to the history of N.I. Kostomarov and publicist and writer KS Aksakov. Ostanniy, protest, in the words of the janophilic dusi of the tlumach bilini, whispering in them the idealization of patriarchy and the representation of religious morality. Kostomarov put the bilines with the literal rekazy, uh, on your dummy, allowing you to play the bells with the historical podіy. Gliboke and progressive tlumachennya bilin given by V.G.Bulinsky. In 1841 r vin having written a number of articles about folk creativity and a review of the book of Kirsha Danilov. Winning in the bilines is not only the image of suspicious witnesses and minds of the life of the people, ala and viraz of their historical svidosti. Bolinsky, meaning the patriotic character of the Bilin, poeticization of physical strength, altogether without defeating in them the fight against social evil. The peculiarities of the bilin vin vvvavvvvshuyu the form, the image of the feats of the rich, the caste of deyakyh situations, not ringing them, however, with mythological motives. The main thoughts of the Bulinsky Boule of N. G. Chernishevsky and N. A. Dobrolyubov. Chernishevsky highly appreciated the Russian bilini, wanting to put on the action the static and the same image of the pictures in them. Pidyruntyam eposu vin respecting the fate of the people in the great podії. Dobrolyubov with the most important world about the idea of ​​meaning bilin. On yogo thought, they were caught up in a lot of people about their life; at the time of the Mongol-Tatar oppression, the world took on a fantastic and hyperbolic character. Look at Bulinsky, Chernishevsky and Dobrolyubov gave the basis for the formation of a historical school. Someone was assisted by the judgments about the bilins of household pickers by P.N. Ribnikov and A.F. At the same time, the process in bilinovedenii buvs of obtrusions into the inflow of the nimetsky mythological school, the founder of which is Jacob Grimm. The 50s of the 19th century in Russian folkloristic studies, they began to form especially directly in the direction of bilin. The first of them is a mythological, or a mythological school, as you call him. Wono bulo is presented by F.I. Buslauva, O. F. Miller and I. Representatives of the mythological school respected that ancient mythological reports lie in the basis of the traditional genres. Fedir Ivanovich Buslaev (1818-1897), professor of the Moscow University, having devoted his science to being an addict to the mythological approach to folklore, until the end of the day. The history of the episode is for three periods: mythological, double and Christian. On yogo thought, epos, having learned yak mythological, heroes like gods, then turn into heroic, in which historical figures have been more and more obeyed. At the heart of the bilin lie the old times of the language hour, which later became history. Look F. І. Buslaivs were meaningfully seen from the glances of Y. Grimm, so they put food about the suspicious meaning and moral ambushes of folklore. Basic robots F.I. Buslaeva selected in the books: "Historical Drawings of Russian Folk Literature and Mistress" (1861); Kireevsky і Ribnikov, і "Pobutovі verstvo rosіyskogo eposu". Glibokim Bilin Buv Orest Fedorovich Miller (1833-1889). Have your book “Ilya Muromets and wealth of Kiev. Porіvnialno-critical caution over the globular warehouse of the Russian Eposu "(1869) Miller pushed open the criticism and found the mythological basis of the images of the rich, like, on your thought, the forces of the united forces were fighting for Criticism of robotics by O. Miller F.I. Buslauva and A. A. Kotli-Revsk showed that the mythological school was going through a big crisis. Dyysno, soon Buslaev will move to the best scientific positions. In Russian folkloristic studies, this is the name of the school of precariousness. The theory of the postponed, or the migration theory, is the winner in Nimechchin. Theodore Benfey was the founder, who in 1859 saw his translation of the Indian book "Pancha Tantra" with a lecture introduction; native peoples ... Tse is a phenomenon in explaining the suspected plots of one people among the others. In 1868, in the journal "Visnik Evropi", the article was published by V.V. Stasov "Walking Russian bilines". They have the author lastly victorious in the theory of suspicion for an explanation of the way of the Russian bilins. Meta of his robots Stasov started how to fight against the words of the `` janophil '' approach to bilin and criticism of the mythological theory. Your own meti win dosyag. Ale will explain the prokhodzhennya bilin not zmіg. Yogo was sharply criticized by A.F. Gilferding, O. F. Miller, P.I. Bessonov, F.I. Buslaev. Stasov was called in for an excess of synchronicities in the bilins. The most significant Russian folklorist O.M. Veselovsky (1838-1906) has taken a significant turn for the development of the theory. In his own preliminaries "Pivdennorosijskiy bilini" (1-2, 1881; 3-4, 1884), there is a new approach to the problem of suspicious plots. Winning and doing two-sided process 139: "The suspicion of the transmission of the musical medium with motives or plots, which were brought from the side," wrote Win in "Poetitsi Plots". Moreover, the main point of view is NOT suspicious, but in flux, I seem to be more wide and more contiguous, less suspicious. Winning the so-called theory of musical leaks and criticizing quietly addicts to the theory of suspicion, as they evoked one motive, forgetting about the artistic whole. Prior to the theory, the suspicion was accepted and the deeds were more young. M.G. Halansky in the monograph "Great Russian Bilini of the Kiev Cycle" (1885) from the beginning of the Bilin until the last hour, but the cycle of the cycle between Kiev and Prince Volodymyr of the XVI century. At the great pratsi "Pivdennoslov'yansky reports about" Kralovich Marke in connection with the Russian Bilevie eposu "(1893-1896) SSMSC zastosovuvalisya mіfologіchnoї school i prihilnikami mіgratsіynoї teorії, viklikala їh GOSTR criticism. їh zvinuvachuvali in vіdrivі rosіyskogo EPOS od rosіyskoї іstorії. at rosіyskіy folkloristitsі was skladatisya Novi NAUKOVO eg yak otrimalo titles іstorichnoї school. not zaperechuyuchi faktіv zapozichennya, Won Perche for all pragnula rozkriti The link between the Russian bilinas and the Russian history, explaining the history of the Russian suspicious life. the folk culture was erased. To that, there was a winnning of the revision of the original text bilin, knowing the upper one, i.e. E. Bilsh pizni, shari and yduchi to great early. The historical school has broken up the methodology of preaching bilin, created by V.F. Miller (1848-1913), beginning as follows: “... a lot of trials, depending on the possibilities, the period of the first formation and the region of the first trip. " VF Miller, the folding of the main part of the bilin, brought it to the pre-Mongolian hour, but at the time of the Ordinian yoke, the optimistic epic was not even flattened. Win vvvav on the same cycle of Kiev and Novgorod, explaining how Kiev and Novgorod bully are irregularly tied, politically, and economically. The epic of Volodymyr Miller, having given great significance at the time of the unification of the Russian lands, the independence and power of the state, the great historical podіy (reform, christening). At that very hour, the bilines were formed. They attributed the addition to the warriors, and the character of their creativity was attributed to the aristocratic. On yogo dumka, from the middle of the court bilini, they went down to the middle of the common people of the city, and then to the village, de eh cob view, meaningfully changed. V.F.Miller did not sound, but the guards also represented people are not a mystery... The main shortcomings of V.F. ... A. P. Skaftimov gave a picture of his scientific glances in the book "Poetics and genesis of bilin" (1924). The main robots of Miller are selected in two projects: "Excursions to the area of ​​the Russian folk epic" (1892) and "Narisi Russian folk literature" (v. 1-3, 1897, 1910, 1924). At the radianskiy science, VF Miller's eyes were appraised in a reasonable way. There were two approaches to the historical side of the bilins: one of them was magical from the historical side of the bilin, to know those parts and the individuals who rendered images in bilins (M. M. B. Plisetsky, L. I. Amelyanov); іnshі quickly saw yogo look, poklavl in the basis of the way to bilin rosumіnnya іkh yak artistic manifestation(V. Ya.Propp, B.N.Putilov). Mіsce і hour folding bilin. It is a lot of folklorists and historians to disperse in thoughts about the place of folding bilin. Deyak vcheni vvazhayut, so raised the bilin on the cycle to indicate not only about those who serve Kiev or Novgorod, but about those who are warehoused in Kiev or Novgorod lands. However, the bilini were not built only in the named two political centers. Old Russia, Ale і in інshih mіstsyah. Tsya dumka Bula was hung up in the XIX century, then MM Speranskiy, Yu.M. Sokolov, with the views-V. J. Propp and ін. The historical classification of the bilin is tied to the z tsim. V. Ya. Propp to divide the bilini into three groups of creatures: during the period of the development of feudal allegations, kudi to introduce bilini about the Volkhe and Svyatogor, bilini about matchmaking and bilini about the fight against monstrosities; epos period from the Mongol-Tatar bulk; Since the era of the establishment of the centralized Russian state, it is very important, but here you can bring the bilini about Mikula and Volga, Sukhman, Danila Lovchanin, Vasil Buslaev, Duke Stepanovich. So it’s impossible to accept it through the back-door motivation. V.P. Anikin to extend bilini to find (dokiyivski), tse bilini about the Volkhe, Danube, Potik; Kiev-about Dobrin, Sukhman, Danila Lovchanin, Churil, Solov'ya Budimiroviche; Volodymyro-Suzdal - about Illy Muromtsya, Alyosha Popovich (Rostovska); galitsko-volinsky - about Duke; pskov-novgorod-ski-about Volga and Mikula, Sadko, Vasil Buslaev; Chernigivske-Pro Ivan Gostiny Sina; bryansk-about Prince Roman and brothers Livik. For some robots it is recognized that in the XIV-XV centuries. during the process of "kievizatsii" bilin; the stench was pristosovuvalis to the Kiev cycle, included in the Zagalnorussian epic. V. Ya. Propp, meaning the pardon of the ideas of those who were in attendance, like, who were thirsty for the theory of the regional proclamation of the Russian epic, were forgotten, but the zalnorussian epic was forgotten. On the right here, not in "kievizatsi", but in that, even before the hour of folding new bilins, or the other options, the stench was directly included in the Zagalnorussian epic, which was widely seen and known. Mi vvazhaєmo, scho food about the Kiev cycle of forgiveness. The range of furnishings and materials allows for the creation of furnishings, which were brought up in the pre-Mongol hour, having fought against the pecheni and the Polovtsy; for an hour of yoke, in the process of evolution, wine, naturally, transforming. It is a great part of the Radianskih pupils to introduce the formulation to the bilin genre up to the X-XI century. The two main cycles of Bilin - Kiev and Novgorod - were drawn up for an hour to the opening of Kiev and Novgorod, which were closely related to each other. From the end of the XI Art. єdine Kiev state start to fall on the outskirts of the principality; the process in the new world developed in the XIII-XV centuries. Tse at once in the hour of the Mongol-Tatar panuvannya. Vidbuvaєtsya new comprehension of the formed earlier, bilin. The main enemies are ordinances. New bilini are being created - "Ilya and Kalin Tsar", "Ilya and Batiga", "Kamskiy Poboische", "Vasil Gnatovich", "Dobrinia and Vasil Kazimiro-vich". It will take an hour to form the Zagalnorussian epic. In the new region there are plots, such as, at the same time, even a little, Ale is especially important є those, who are bilini, who come to the bottom, protest until the hours of Prince Volodymyr. It is very important to take care of Russian science (O. Miller). On the other hand, D.S. Having shown that the hour of the day will be carried through to the last and until the mind of the Russian past, as it is possible to call it "the epic era." In her turn on the epoch of Novgorod liberties. Tsia era - ideal antiquity, the hour of "Russian independence, glory and power", the hour of the "patriarchal interests of the prince and the squad of the rich", in particular, the devil of the people. D. S. Likhachov is of particular importance for the peculiarity of the Russian bilins: “Bilini bagatosharov, who have led the people by stretching out their capital. The bilins saw the plot and the found epic, the "docky" and the "Donovgorod", and the plot of the offensive capitals. However, in that and in the fall of the Bilin, we have been deprived of the play in the “epichnu era”, in the epoch of the historical situation. The basis for the image of the "epic era" was given by the hour of Volodymyr, Bagat important steps... Vono began to turn ideals to the people, especially before the hour of the Mongol-Tatar panuvannya. / It is clear what has been said. it is not possible to see the folding bilini at the hour when it appears in it. Submitted stage of development of the Russian epos -XV-XVII century. At the end of the hour, the new biline may not be widened, the old ones are comprehended at the touch of success. З XVII Art. Zagalnorussky Epos has started zgasati, I want to live the traditions of this year. Ide overcame the old plots, I often sing bilini, yak, for example, including Ermak in the bilina about Illa Muromtsya. Epos is now living mainly in the outskirts of the region, most at Pivnochi. There is a change in the interpretation of these plots: they embrace anti-feudal and anti-church tendencies. Until the XVII century. In particular, there are bilini "Ilya and shinkovy hollows", "Ilya Muromets on Sokol-ships", "Dobrinia and Marinka".

Kiev cycle bilin.

The number of bilines took shape and developed in the period of early Russian statehood in Kiev Rus.

1) go to Kiev or close
2) Prince Volodymyr is in the center of the pod.
3) the main theme is Zahist Rus. lands of kochivniks.
4) historical busyness and typical for Kyiv Rus.
5) the paths and gates of the Russian land before the Mongolian period.

Kiev is the center of Russian lands. From Murom, Rostov, Ryazan, go to the rich for the service to Kiev. I am shaping the Kiev cycle. Historical furnishings in the 9-11th centuries, if Kiev is a great power. The stench was asleep in the service of the rich to the prince and the Russian land. The stench came in for a longer hour, fighting the Russians with the Tatar-Mongol yoke.

A number of rich people form: Ilya Muromets, Alosha Popovich, etc. Forward, the bilini boules were published in the collection "Old Russian st-ya" Danilov.

Heroic - include bilini, scho vinikli to the Tatar-Mongolian bulk, and bilini, tied with bulk.

One of the most important and characteristic features of the special Kiev cycle is to serve the image of three rich people, both and a share of such tightly knitted (Ilya Muromets, Alosha Popovich, Dobrinya Mikitich).

Bilins have kievs. the cycle was introduced by the chief image of the activity of the princely-friendly class of Kiev. Russia at military and peace hour. The main plots: 1) the exploits of the rich: a) in campaigns against the enemies, for clearing roads, for tributes, for fighting the Russian nobles, b) in the fight against the wicked, like killing Kiev, against the rapists) zastavi rich; 2) the matchmaker's names for Volodymyr and the rich, moreover, the matchmaker does not end up violently over his father's name and bring them from Kiev, for the sake of it or against their will; 3) well done by the wealthy at the court of Volodymyr, who are manifested in the rosy genus of zmaghannyas.

Epich. Kiev is a symbol of unity and sovereign independence of the Russian land. Here, at the courtyard of Prince Volodymyr, podії bagatokh bilin are seen. Vіyskovu mіts Rusі іsoblyuyut riches. The middle of the rich bilin on the Persha is the place to hang, in those days Ilya Muromets, Dobrinya Mikitich and Alosha Popovich. The main landowners of the Russian land are victorious from three countries: the village, the prince and the priest. Bilini pragned to represent Russia as one in the fight against the enemies.

Illia - peasant syn, Originally from the village of Karacharova, bilya of the place of Murom. Up to thirty rockivs of wines, buvs of ailments - neither volodya nor hands, nor feet. Zhebraki mandrіvniki vilіkuvali іll і presented with nebula power. The majestic power of Illy is guilty to bring the corny of all Russia, to the one who rushed to Kiev.
Pislya Іllі Muromtsya naybilsh loved by the people of Dobrinya Mikitich. Tse is a rich prince's proclamation, living in Kiev. The head on the right is his life - the service of Russia.

The Novgorod cycle is bilin.

The basis of the plots in the Novgorod cycle of Bilin was not military exploits and political podvig, but videotapes from the life of the bags of the great trading place - Veliky Novgorod. The buffoons were stored and distributed. Merchants, princes, villagers, Guslyar were the heroes of the Tsikh bilin bully.
Tsі bilini vvazhayutsya by-block, novelistic.
Зміст bilin:

1) Bilini about Sadko
2) Bilina about Stavre
3) Bilini about Vasil Buslaev

Poetics of historical songs.

Stretch out a table of the changing world and poetry of historical songs. The early historical paintings are rich in which they preserved the traditions of the poetics of Bilevie Eposu. In a group of children, with poets approaching from bilines, it is possible to develop the beginning and backslash, as well as the co-ordination of the action. In the paintings of the 16th century, there is creation, in which the plot is most often intertwined with one episode. For historical songs, a characteristic lyrical monologue of the hero is also characteristic, which is characteristic of repetition. In pictures, they are often victorious in contrast to, for example, when describing vyskovyh actions. It is also possible, by the way, that in the paintings of the 19th century, the beginning will be present and injected into the literary journey.

Folklore is a kind of art. Peculiarities of folklore along with other types of art. Collectively and individually, strength and versatility, variability, syncretism in folklore.

The term folklore vinik in the middle of the 19th century and in a literal sense means " People's wisdom", Term in English. Teachings of William Toms. Having learned more than a wide number of appearances and including in itself all kinds of mystery and work. folklore-artistic collective creativity to the people, which depicts their life, look, ideals, principle, by the people, wider among the people poezіya (perekaz, pisnі, parts, anecdotes, kazki, epos). folklore from the tradition and oral transmission of information.

Features of folklore:

Orality (as a form of shaking and transferring to sites) will provide a special place in culture.

Syncretism (z'єdnannya). Folklore im. in tysniy adnosti. Syncretism of music, dancing, dії. At rіvnі pobutuvannya: syncretism of the creator, viconavtsya, listener. Syncretism of the aesthetic, ulitar, by-beat, magical in creativity.

Tradition. In folklore tradition, tradition was neglected by a stylistic genre structure (genres: bilini, heroic epic, kazka

And the axis is variability. Folklore is not limited to the text and to the skin, the version, the de stiyke and the minlive. Styles: Functions, Subjects and Trails. Wandering: images.

Folklore is characterized by collective creativity. An ale-skinned storyteller can change images, and individually create.

in the left column, given the definition of the terms in the right column. Viroki, pershі svіdomі ruhu children, often - free charging with viroki. Pisenki and vіrshiki, who supervise the first svіdomі іgry with the fingers, hands, feet of the child. smіshny small difference For a sm_shne viraz, what a humoristic vidtinok. The beast of the transformed form before the new manifestations of nature. Virshovane of the beast to living things. Vimovny spіvuche vіrshik, who will supervise the participants in the greetings. A kind of folklore, which is a food or a food, which will require virishennya, razgadki. Phrase (partly virshovana), in which it is specially selected for the word. Terms A Nursery. B calls. At Koliskov's song. G Pestushki. D Skoromovka. E attachments. Zh Lichilochka. 3 Attachment. І Riddle. Write down the type in the table.