Folklore in different types of art. Folklore in the context of folk culture. Folklore genre and genre romance

The term "folklore", which in the cross-section means " People's wisdom", In a bitter sense, for the first time alive in 1846, the English teachings of Vilyam Toms. Chee reason tsei term in a practical way: innocent by him, be-yaky people are not a mystery(Dance, music, woodwork and inshe), inodi - only words. In folklore, the soul of the people is open, their thoughts and feelings. At the same time, folklore in Russia has a non-uniform and organic part of the folk pobut.

Folklore vіdrіznya takі rice:

▪ sleepy form of shaking,

▪ reliance on tradition,

▪ no contact between the visitor and the hearer,

▪ team,

▪ nationality,

▪ combining words with elements of the first types of art.

Folklore - asleep folk creativity. Three words, three characteristics, three qualities.

Sleep is the power of the root of the peculiarity of the folk mystery of the word. The author of the literary text is not obliged to use the reader. Create folklore isnu only todі, if the listener is known to be entrusted.

Folklore is folk creativity, so as the people themselves, they represent their life in singing images.

In folklore, the understanding is "variantu". There is a lack of options, the skin is correct. Authorship in folklore is collective.

Folklore is a mystery, a mystery of svyatkove, which embodies the ideal of beauty.

All peoples were dreamed of by people, tied to the roots and vikonannyh folklore. Central Russian gusliars and buffoons, Ukrainian kobzars, Kazakh and Kyrgyz akinis, French troubadours, Khanty shamans. A good Kazakh kazkar, for example, having known up to ten creatures by heart. Naturally, how to remember and create what kind of TV is, the people play their tales. There are a lot of traditional beginnings and ideas, the repetition of words, episodes. Vikoristannya folklore symbols (zozulya, osika - grief), zagalnye typical mists (the formula of beauty - "not in Kazakh tales, not to describe it with the pen"; the commandment formula - "stand in front of me, like a leaf in front of the grass"), persistent admonitions.

All welcome folk art flashed over a stretch of ten years and a new table.

From distant old times, the main place was occupied by genres, how to explain the stories, how they took over the history of the tribe, how they passed on the rules and norms of behavior (myths, legends, changing, changing and works of painting, people take notice). Much more often, genres began to take shape, as they were no longer a practical sign, but served for satisfaction, amusement and merriment, for pivoting at the same time and experiencing.

KLASIFIKATSIYA GENRIV USNO FOLK CREATIVITY

Behind the character, ritual and non-ritual folklore is connected with the folk pobut. A special distribution of folk poetry is to become іgroviy і non-game folklore. Cossacks, prisliv'ya, orders, riddles, lyrical pictures native peoples, Vіdrіznyayuchsya national self-confidence, at the same time set up on the basis of the out-of-the-box laws for all.

Prisliv'ya is a short hang. Ї zavdannyam є briefly and accurately assess the characteristics of people. For example, "Living life is not a field to cross."

The order doesn’t turn around the finished thought, but if it’s strained on it, the appraisal of the life of human life ("Three ships to the ball") is taken into account.

Lichilochka - tse virsovaniy tvir applied nature. Many parts. Lichilochka is designated for a cheerful role in the group. ("They sat on the golden kriltsi")

Fable - tse rozmova about the heroes, who show the character. Vona vismiyu nasty rice character or show the adequacy of the hero.

I will not be able to develop an uninvited, vigadan, "inverted" picture of life, it is fun to learn the development of the action and fantasy, to develop it.

Ridicule to learn in the process of being vicarious by the little ones at once from the grown-ups, and by ourselves to teach the little one to gestures and tips. ("Ide goat horned")

The riddle is a genre of quiet folklore, in which speech and manifestations are created allegorically, through the context of others and from far away.

There are three types of riddles:

1. Pererahuvannya sign of the conceived.

2. Look at the sign of what is conceived.

3. Prikhovane is a sign of the conceived.

The main enigmas of riddles є Navchannya vidgaduvannya of riddles. For example, "Sinya Shubunkov covered the whole world" - the sky is in conflict with a fur coat: the image of a hostile sign is insane - a fur coat appears "blue" and is so great that it is possible to include "the whole world" with it.

The mystery has given free will to Vimisla. Uyava is substantive and real.

2. RIDDLES OF THE PEOPLE IN PIVNOCHI

2. 1. LIKE RIDDLES

Riddles of riddles are introduced to ancient times. All in all, it’s possible that they’re tied up with a mind, a clerk, before going into a person, they don’t need to give a reference to the creatures, objects and appearances. The setting of objects and appearances, the implementation of unsupported parallels between them, was a natural process of the introduction of a new light. The whole process is partly knowing your image in the riddle.

The riddle is very important. At " literary encyclopedia»The riddle is characterized as« it is wise to describe in a poetic way whether an object or something that can see the power of seeing ». And it’s so self-aware of the identity of all kinds of folklorists, pre-epochs of folk art, philosophies and just ordinary people.

According to V. I. Chicherova, “a riddle-tse alegorically describing objects, appearances, which can be thought of as a brain with other objects and appearances, given a call to the form of nutrition”. The first vidomy folklorist VP Anikin, viznacha a riddle like "folding food, giving in the form of cunning, short, as a rule, rhythmically organized, I will describe any object or appearance." Aristotle also called the riddle "a well-formed metaphor."

Basically, all values ​​are of one and the same signs:

▪ the description of the riddle is loosely framed in the viglyadi nutritional speech, as a rule, the whole description is laconic;

▪ riddles are often lure rhythm.

For example, Russian riddles:

Walk in the blue

But I can't go into the hut. (Doors)

Along the mountains, along the valleys,

To walk a fur coat that captan. (Вівця)

Khanty's riddle:

A man on licks walks in the thick forest. (Vidra)

For a long time, people have been victorious about the riddle of how one accepts the alegorical, the same move, how to take your thoughts and pray, so that you can save your life, your family, your thinness and the good people from the "unclean force". Myslivtsi, cattle, earthworms went to the "tamnitsya mov". The stench was called by the scent of pratsi, tvarin, mice mislivsky ugid NOT well-known names, And p_stavnymi words, enigmatic turns or riddles. For example, mislivets, be afraid of bad luck, having emptied your busyness in the tamnitsa. Chi without speaking, kudi vin yde, implanting "pidstavni" words. A folk riddle is tied with the “double” words and a national riddle is tied;

“Pishov on extinction. Taking with me a tav-tavti, I know a chropinnya-ottoman; yakbi not tav-tavti, z'ila b me chropinnya-takhta "(" I follow a horse, taking a dog with me and being trained as a witch ").

Riddles vikoristovuvalysya in the diplomatic, vіyskovyh, trade right. (For example, having snubbed the move "ofeney."

The zrazok "tamnoy movi" is known in the life of Oleksandr Sergiyovich Pushkin " Capitanska donka»In the dialogue of Pugachov and the ruler of the courtyard. “Leader me, blinking with a sign and giving a command:“ To the city litav, hemp beak; Granny poured a little stone - so past. Well, what about yours? "

So ours! - Gentlemen, prodovuyuchi allegorical rozmova. - They began to ring until the evening, so they didn’t order: pop at a party, chorti on tsvintari.

“Movchi, uncle, - locking my tramp, - there will be a plank, there will be fungi, there will be a body. And now (here blinking again) shut the sokiru behind his back: fox walk. Your honor! For your health! ". With these words, I took a bottle, crossed myself and vipiv in one breath.

At the end of the day, all the signs of "taumnoy movi" are twisted. Victory of the great number of metaphors, parity and isolation of the main signs of "local movi". They were widely cried out with allegorical language, including riddles, with orders, buffoons, jibes and homeless people. The riddle of the bullet was not only "my own love", but wisdom, wine, lust, and knowledge of the people were seen from others. Examining the role of the riddle is depicted in myths, kazkas, songs, bouvalais and other widespread folklore genres. In the old Greek myth, which was seen in the drama of Sophocles "Tsar Edip", the evil miracle Sphinx will make one and the same riddle. Vaughn sound like this:

"Who is it wrong to go to chotiroh, to two, to mutilate on three legs?" Chi did not see death. Having solved the riddle of only Edin: "Vrantsi, tobto in the dynasty, people are pozaє, to mean at chotiroh pictures, in the daytime, in adulthood, people walk on two legs, in the evening, tobto in the elder, people like to walk with the police."

In Scandinavian and Nimetsian transfers, the riddle, solved by the road, gave you the right to nothing.

2. 2. LITERARY I PEOPLE'S RIDDLE

There are two types of riddles: literary (book) and folk (pobutova). Literary riddle is thought to be derived from folk in form. The national mystery is preserved only in the memory of the people, and this is the fault of the short story. The author of a literary riddle can describe the possibility of giving birth to a description of the numerical signs, a vicarist in a wide variety of artistic ideas for a book artistic style move. Neridko such riddles take the form of verse in a number of stanzas. Have a literary mystery poetic movnі zoby. For example: callous sackcloth, balakuchy shpak. By the most recent writers of literary riddles є S. Ya. Marshak and K. I. Chukovsky. Їх riddles have become widely recognized and expanded among the people.

For example: Oh, don't drink me!

I will burn and without burning! (Kropiva)

K. I. Chukovsky.

There are messages at the doors,

To spend pivgodini at once,

The news is not a guest -

Fly on all sides. (Post screen)

S. Marshak

There is a riddle, it’s like the rule is literary, bookish, often robbed by the object of moving such a witness, like Batkivshchyna, pratsya, technical progress, Suspіlné life and іnshі aspects of everyday life.

For example: Hanging pear, chilly, chilly

It is impossible to have (lamp). In thin birch trees (vіkonne sklo)

The first kind of riddles is the price of folk or pobutov riddles. Folk riddles are always laconic. Smells are taken in the memory of the people, so the riddles are short, easy to forget. The very nature of the folk riddles of the vimagas mnih, wicked, rude for an hour people's efforts, Yak, as a rule, rosmous style, vivid and characteristic of usny movlennya. In such riddles, a subtle sparing of people is imagined over the natural manifestations of nature, the tall and creature light, the things that I’ll wipe out, as well as the people themselves and their processes.

For example: One watering, another qiu water n'є, third growth

(Board, earth, grass).

At kramnitsa p'yatak,

Chi is not viymesh niyak. (Bitch)

In literary riddles, the subject is less likely to describe the subject, and in folk riddles, the subject is described more briefly and concisely.

Literary riddle:

Varto terem,

We have a box,

Torment in the box

Muchka has a bug (pich).

People's riddle:

The water is swimming, ale dry (gander).

Narodna: Evil hungry connecting rod in the jokes of їzhі obіyde sem tundri. (Vovk)

Literary: Without windows, without doors,

Povna hut of people. (Ogirok)

Book riddles are most often written in the form of a small verse, and by-buzz riddles you will be asked to guess in the form of nutrition.

Literary: Sitting the devil in a dungeon,

And the scythe on the street. (Carrot).

Narodna: Nichto їkh not lyakє, ale the stench tremble.

What is it? (Osiki leaf)

2. 3. THEME I FORM OF RIDDLES

So the very literary and folk riddles are developed by topic. In literary riddles, the main themes are: Batkivshchyna, suspicious life, technical progress, aspects of modern life,

In folk riddles - natural phenomena, Creatures, people, navkolishnє middle-class.

When the folk riddles are established, there is a great respect for engaging in behavior, the little clicks of an object, and in literary riddles, I have great respect for the signs and power of an object. As literary riddles are written down in books and books, then folk riddles will be transmitted by the sleepy way, from generation to generation. Our hour of literary riddles prodovzhuyut develops, it’s a pity, folk riddles step by step go into the living room, often get involved.

Rik after rock Sibir attracted more and more respect. The ethnoculture of the Khanty and the Mansi was a trivial hour overwhelmed by the flow of the Russian culture. A fair blow to the traditions of ethnic culture of the Khanty Bulo was given by the parish of the Radiansk power and struggle with religious cults.

On the battlefield of decilkoh rocky boulevards, the most popular shamans and popular sanctuaries, sprinkled and irrigated Labazovs, were deservedly offered to the gods, cult attributes. I, nareshty, are the most pernicious for Siberia, and they inhabit the nations of the world that have witnessed the appearance of naphtha and gas genera. Tse zruynuval nature and called to the degradation of the indigenous population. Unimportant for the whole bit of modern civilization, the ethnic culture of Hanti and Mans has preserved the basis of its glance. There is a great number of myths, perekazov, cult dogs, cossacks, riddles, which in their greatness have preserved their primevalness.

Among the people of khanti and mans, there are no-less riddles. The stench doesn’t seem to be seasonal, like Kazakhs, like vlіtku not razpovіdaut. cringe in riddles tsiliy rik: First hour for a change, and for another hour of the robot (only in the same way, since the nature of the robot is not even quiet), like, for example, when ribolovlichi love.

For example: The top of the tree shine, shine. (Cherry berries)

The booth is short, but blue. (Magpie)

Mythology and Usna The folk art of the people of Pivnochi have gained respect for themselves even with the first knowledge of Russia from the wondrous regions. I don't know about the riddles of the ancient peoples, because there were no people who were ready to sacrifice their goodwill, in order to bring the people's creativity of innumerable peoples to the wide audience. Tse prelіdniki. Preceding to the folklore of the pivnichnyh peoples, the buv M.O. Plotnikov. In 1930, he transferred the manuscript of a revised version of Vogul's tales to the Academia. There was a great deal of knowledge of a wide reading audience of the works of one of the innumerable peoples of the Ob-Irtish, the development of a firm understanding of the presence of the indigenous peoples of their folklore decline. M. O. Plotnikov rosum, as it is important for the sites to preserve the beautiful unique image of folklore. The presenters say that "a light of riddles is a price for everything important material subject matter."

“In the skin folk genre, in its own way, the historical action and the folk pobut are transformed and imagined,” - means V. Ya. Propp, a presenter of folklore.

Significant interest is for us and the found genre of folk poetry is a mystery. It is possible to let it go, and the first riddles were posed in parallel with the first myths. The metaphorical representation of the fact is the recognition of the intriguing and myths and riddles. A riddle that can be formed from one thing - three words, a viconan for a life and food, brutalized before nature:

“Without number” (zirki), “without root growth” (stone) - she could show the text component of the rite as a whole, which was shortly. Don't talk about those people who have been faithful to the power of the word. Contributing to the new one all the power of the hope and hope for the vision, the stinks themselves brought their word to the word into its special magical power and strength.

riddle characteristic signs the subject, the day, the details, the hour of little-to-no rice. Riddles represent the material culture of the people. A riddle, for ethnographers, pre-eminent and historians, the knowledge is valuable.

Among the creations of usny folk creativity, they relive ethological reports about the proclamation of all things, the earth, people, the "gentlemen" of the elements. The main thing in the eyes of the khanti and the mans of the loan is the assistant to Vsesvita.

The structure of Vsesvit is built from the bird's top, the bright middle and the rib'yachy bottom.

Any "top" is represented by different species of creature light, apparently - an eagle, ermine and sturgeon, representations roslinniy light- a birch tree, and in the middle of a color with a symbol є biliy color.

for example:

In the middle of the forest there is a man standing in a biliy nyupluy malitsa with an ore beard. (Birch)

Chotirino-legged man in a white gander stribaє, a gallop. (Zaєts)

It’s just the middle and the bottom. The “middle” of the middle tvarinny light-tse grouse, elk, nelma, the middle-tall one is pine, in the number of terms - red color.

for example:

In a dense fox, in the dark part, there is a little man with nigtik in a red drop. (Mushroom)

A thin zvir with a puffy soft tail and a fur coat. (Fox)

"Bottom", in its own heart, is a loon, a snake, a pike and a cedar - a black colir. By this rank, the category dan is to represent and mean heaven (Torum), earth (mov) and earthly kingdom (calitorum).

The cult of twins in the folklore of Mansi and Khanti has a great role to play. The sky and the earth are reminiscent of animals and birds: elk, deer, witch bears, loons, swans and owls, who knew the image and in riddles.

For example: Snigovy tricky com. (Biliy deer)

Lord Lisu, Lord God. (Vedmid)

There are evenings of riddles, as if people from some of the weekends climb at once and wander in the minds of riddles. Such a gracefulness to the mind for the quickness of the target, for the kminess, for the good memory, for the sparing for the new light. Before the riddle of a lyudin, like її I’ll guess, like: "Am amshum iv!", Scho means: "Uvaga mystery!" Take the repetition of the call to uvagi.

For the people of Mansi, so called paid riddles. If I’ll ask you a riddle, then you’ll be obliged to pay it, you’ll be a gift. There are no such riddles in Mansi. For the theme, the stink of sacred objects or the image of the patron spirits.

for example:

In a drowsy fox, in a drowsy fox, a man is sitting with a penny table. (Vedmid)

In Danish hour of children, so that the generation is younger, I do not know the paid riddles, but the memory of them grows older. Zokrema Marya Sergiyivna Merav (native of the Sack Yugri, for the nationality of the Mansi) is familiar with such mysteries. Gras in riddles, mabut, duzhe ancient folklore genre. In the heroic perekaz about the ancestor spirits, the theme of making riddles for the prominent hero of the Kazka is developed. Thematic groups The riddles of the Mans are uneven, one of them is represented by one. There are more riddles in sight for the people, for example, about the postage, books, but then there is a great number of riddles about the people.

Forward: Stand two stakes,

There is a barrel on the kegs,

On the bochtsi bush,

And on the bush, there is a dormant forest. (Ludina)

In the riddles of the perevag, it is seen in the parts of the people, the heads and the head details (vuham, eyes, nose, company). For example: eyes - the tse of the cholovik and the squad, nіgtі - the tse of the golden lilies and so far.

for example:

Two people, called Bachiti, a beautiful land, covered in gold odyag, live on the sides of the road, and do not grow up. (Ochі)

Bagato of riddles about heavenly bodies... Їх turn through accessible earthly objects. In one way, you can be absolutely immune to describe the zagaduvati of the object in the riddle.

For example: Zhenka shiє with a golden ring - a tse of golden promin.

Zirki - the skin of a bik-deer with the nests of pawuk larvae lies on the dakha.

A divine tree with thousands of giloks. (Sonce)

Є riddles about objects, meaningful, that will be figuratively, according to the type of need, analogy, portent.

For example: Do not enter the window, do not enter the door, and it is easy to slip into the crack. (Golka)

The enigmatic has a metaphor for dominu, perevazhaє, є і і ​​і.

For example: Hundreds of thousands of people are galaslivy, but not balakuchi themselves.

(Water and ribi)

Aristotle said: "Construct good metaphors, to mean, remember the podbnist". Epithets in riddles vkazuyut on size, form, material.

For example: lie on the dakha povna roll (chain month).

Riddles have numbers.

For example: A beater with a few darts or some women.

The object is located at the same time from the other objects, and you can see it in the interconnection with the other objects in the hour and space.

For example: It is now summer, to set up birch bark booths, and now it is winter, from winter reindeer skins to set up booths.

Pivnichny riddles may be chotiri akti:

1) zaklik to uvagi;

2) making riddles;

3) passing of vidgadati;

for example:

Am amshum iv!

You will come near you, but you will not use your hands.

What is it? (Dim)

1) a call to uvagi: Am amshum iv!

2) making riddles: “You’ll come close to it, but you don’t use your hands. "

3) prokhannya vidgadati: "Scho tse?"

4) view: "Dim".

In the past, among the pivnich people, there was no opportunity for their children in schools, but they would like to develop their minds, misdirection and memory, the fathers learned to see riddles. The main specialty riddles, like a vidіlyaє її in the surrounding folklore genre, tse those, scho won’t be a logical zavdannya, like a vimagaє postdovnogo mislennya. By means of riddles to mold love to folk creativity, rіdnoї movi, A lively, figurative and exact word, to be introduced into the light of the folk poetry. In riddles about the objects of the household vzhytka, about the sorcerers, they should be able to point to the characteristic signs of the old viglyad of the object, to those of the fragmentation of the object, to the object in the diy.

For example: Two rings, two knots, and in the middle there are flowers and those naskriz (knives).

It’s quite possible to solve riddles about creatures and birds. Three riddles can be found about the little ones, the size of i callous viglyad creature.

For example: A spritny little animal, on trees a strip and a skok (bilka).

Abo riddle about a hare:

Oblique-eyed, small, at bіlіy shubtsі, in felts.

Riddles of the knowledgeable zmistu, stupefying sparing, pushing interest to in the midst of the midst and action, to form a realistic statement about nature. Vidgaduvannya riddles with the active development of the movement. Riddles to learn the vocabulary, add to the secondary meaning of words. A riddle that is unimportant to the miniature of its genre, Volodya Bagatma with valuable qualities.

Riddles, cossacks and warnings among the indigenous peoples are majestic in number, and there are few advices and orders. On this day, there is not a lot of saving. I should know in the distance that there is no more than a few clues and orders, alas, it's a pity, I didn’t save an explanation for them, and without them it would be even more important to explain the meaning of these cues, to which the ancient people wondered riddles of such metaphors and porovennyakh, as at the hour it is not so easy to see, explain.

Put the axis on the lines and orders:

"A number of dancers were dancing at one stage, and one was danced to one".

"People are bilingual, but all chervonia are fond of it."

"Ten cholovik and all with small arms."

Mozhlvo, the reloading of riddles and kazoks can be explained by the fact that they describe the manifestations of nature more accurately, knowing good things and navkolishny objects.

Riddles of the power of richness and versatile sound writing.

For example: Z m_stsya zrushish - to follow you, turn back - to see you. (Tin)

They often have an aliteration (the repetition of inaudible sounds).

For example: Live a charmer is stronger than a dream, but you can't cope with the wind. (Khmara)

A lot of butts get used to a lot of hissing sounds. Sounds are often repeated: ш and с.

This is how the part of the asonance itself is created (the repetition of voices).

For example: Krylatiy, pond-legged zvir shvidshe rocket fly (dumka).

In tsіy riddles, voices and, a, і, e are often repeated.

The singularities of the sound (euphonia) are widely used to form the image of the intended subject. Good heartedness, clearing the sound of little words, phrases - all the same additional help to see the riddle by the sound of the sound. At the exhibition it is possible to say that a riddle, a logical task, is proponated in an artistic form.

Folklore of the people of Pivnoch is a system of genres, which includes heroic epic and kazka, non-fabulous prose and picturesque genres, prizes, orders and riddles. The peculiarity of the yogo pole is in the fact that the leather genre here evolves into meaningful freedom. The price is surrounded by the peculiarities of the historical life of the people of Pivnochia, the specificity of their mythology.

3. INTERACTION OF FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE

Folklore tvir is alive, it is not only to collapse in the open space, it is not only to change in development social center, Ale i in the hour.

Until the last ten years of the XX century, the villagers became the majority of the population of Russia. To that, if they said "folk mystery", then Mali in uvazi village is mystery, which will bring forth the manifestation, admission and relish of the peasant. In the last ten years near the Bagatio lands, including in Russia, there was life in the towns more people... The order of the peasant, appearing worky, and then of the shirshe - the folklore of the world.

For its form, new creation is derived from the traditional mystery of the word: they contain many old epithets, beginnings, ideas, out-of-the-way scenes. Alle live and the stink grows wider, like traditional folklore.

Together with literature, vikoristovuvati and folklore began in the 18th century: rome appeared, podil on strophes.

During the period of the inception of the literary - mystery of the people of Pivnoch and the beginning of the first creations of letters of literature, the writers of the people of Pivnoch refused to take all the best and creative development of the rich singularities. The mythology of the ancient peoples is depicted in the works of the traditional folk art, which are of their own specialness, which is reflected in every day of everyday life. For the folklore movement, the characteristic formulas are tired: there is a great number of parallelisms, rhythm, aliteration, etiquette, repeat, metaphor. Artists are able to convey the idea of ​​nature to the people, to be poetical to beauty, to serve as a national character.

Literature, in its own power, has long been absorbed in literature, in the creativity of the writers of the Victorian folk, the master of the word - yo idea, yo wise guarding over nature and people, unreasonably and yo artist specialties (created by A.S. Pushkova, A.S. Pushkova N.A. Nekrasova, N. Koltsova).

For the rakhunok folklore, the literary and rozmovna mova are constantly being sacked. Even among the creators of usnyi folk creativity, richly old-fashioned and religious (dialectical) words. Proceedingly like the words to enter the povsyakdennuyu language, embellish її, shy away viraznіshe.

Legends, perekazi, songs, riddles - a living genre, the stench will savor us for the rest of the day. National culture is alive and well.

VISNOVOK

Pogliblen vivchennya іstorії native land the beginning of the free-form literature of the people's life. Perekazanі folklore writers say great literary meaning, so as to add intelligence to the national character of the people of Khanti and Mansі. The specifics of the folklore of the peoples of Pivnoch are stronger penetration into the new language mythology, those themes and images that have been preserved in sleepy-poetical creativity to our days.

In the last 2-3 ten years, neither the grown-ups, nor the children do not spend evenings of riddles. Tsya gra step-by-step go out from pobutu pivnichnyh peoples. New, literary book riddles, do not take root. Obviously, with the development of the suspension there are new riddles, the ale stench is not so imaginative and non-compact, as it is spontaneously folk riddles of the ancient peoples. By the way, it is necessary to say that it is not necessary to try to avoid the problem of opposition, but to confirm that it’s possible to develop culture, to educate, to learn how to solve the problem of solving the problem. For a bit of a generation, riddles have lost their main character and meaning. The life of the year is old and happy. Hanti and Mansi took the opportunity to live, to move to places a lot. The order of our land has set up programs for the capture of innumerable peoples of Pivnochia, which is a great infusion for the way of life for young people. They have become less relevant and have practically become familiar with the traditional rituals and are holy, and the younger generation is not guilty of forgetting their names. The current threat to the culture of innumerable peoples of Pivnoch, who is to blame for the protection of folklore is not only the Russian people, but folklore to the people, on whose land we live. We are guilty of remembering only one simple truth: "Without the past, there is no way!"

supplement

Folklore - folk creativity, tvir, led by the people and in the new (bilini, kazki, prisliv'ya, prikazki, pisnі, dance).

Ethnography is folklore, science, what is it about cultural peculiarities of peoples of the world, problems of walking (ethnogenesis), development (Ethnogeography) and cultural and historical relations of peoples. Science took shape in the 19th century with the victory of the Evolutionary School, with the appearance of L. G. Morgan and pratsi S. Engels "The Way of the Family, Private Power and Power" 1884 rik.

Folklore is the science of folk art. It is necessary to have a mind and one of the most important workshops of folklore studies - the selection of folklore works.

Riddle - the genre of folk poetry; an alegorically poetic description of any object, for a manifestation of vision.

Prisliv'ya is a genre of folklore, aphoristic style, figuratively, grammatically and logically ending with the general wizard in rhythmically organized forms.

The order is a figurative hanging, a moving bell, which is clearly visible as a manifestation of life; on the vidminu from the invitations, the ugly povchalny sensu has been added.

Sound writing - repeat sound, a lot of the same or similar sounds with the meta of figurative sound enjoyment.

Aliteration - repetition of inaudible sounds.

Asonance - repetition of voices.

Euphonia - (from the Greek. Acceptance of the word) sweetness.

Parallelism - supporters parallel appearances, Diy.

Views of literary and folk riddles.

Literary (book) riddles Folk (pobutov) riddles

1) Raise the description of the subject 1) Even short, laconic

3) Vikoristannya rіznykh artistic contributions book style. 3) Most often it is possible to imagine yourself in the rosy style of movi, without implanting artistic features.

4) Written in the form of a small verse 4) Guess in the form of nutrition

5) Themes of riddles: Batkivshchyna, Hromadske life, aspects of modern life 5) Themes of riddles: natural phenomena, creatures, people, life. Wednesday.

6) When the riddles are set, they spiral to the signs of the object.

7) Enroll in books, zbіrniki. 7) Transmitted to sleep by way, from generation to generation.

8) Proceed to develop 8) Progressively get involved

Zavdannya malikh genres.

Genre Zavdannya genre

1. Prisliv'ya - short hang. Briefly and accurately assess the characteristics of people.

2. The order does not turn around the finished thought, but if it’s out of tension on Natyak, it’s taken into account the development of human life.

3. Lichilochka - changes to applied character. MAY Help cheerfully develop roles in the group.

two parts. "Formula" - to name it.

4. Fable - rozmova about the heroes, how to show the rice Vismyati the rotten rice to the character or to show the hero's completeness.

character.

5. Nebilitia - I will be able to create an unwitting, vigadan, “upside down”. Cheerfully read the development of the action and fantasy, develop the picture of life. uyavu baby.

6. Ridiculous vipovnyuєtsya in the process, viconuvanih babies Cheerfully read the child's gestures and tips.

grow up at once.

7. The riddle will describe the subject in an alegorical manner. Buvaє three kinds of riddles:

1) pererahuvannya signs conceived

2) bring up the sign of what was conceived. The development of the children is clever in gaduvati conceived.

3) prikhovanie is a sign of the conceived.

Folklore - traditsіyna for etnosu pobutova hudozhno-utilіtarna dіyalnіst i її result scho vіdobrazhayut fіlosofsko-estetichne samosvіdomіst etnosu scho sklalosya in rezultatі bagatovіkovoї kolektivnoї komunіkatsії i scho viyavlyaєtsya mainly in usnіy formі i in neskіnchennіy mnozhinnostі іndivіdualno-osobistіsnih varіantіv tvorіv (49).

Folklore is a folding complex of spiritual and material, artistic and aesthetic and non-artistic manifestations, texts, virobes, which is important to perceive in the folk middle, and to visualize the mentality of the middle middle.

Folklore is a valuable element to become the history of culture, її diyova person From one side, it seems to be the most popular life in the life of the people and the state, from the first - the cycle of human life; feast for rock, to occupy them... Overnight folklore is a whole independent form of spiritual practice, which can develop according to its laws and add its own possibilities and add to history, people, and ideas and ideas.

dermal social group in the process of formation and development of viroblyaє their own folklore culture. Folding socially popping up folklore, being included in new developmental appearances, which is the essence of mystery, beating, objects of socially-practical or spiritual spheres, winking superheroes about those who are also folklore, which are supposed to appear before

The sound of folklore with the same verses and appearances folk culture: imaginative mystery, Folklore studies, let's play with amateur creativity, artistic self-improvement. In one kind of stench, it can be attributed to the smallest forms of creativity; in іnshomu - interconnection within the framework of іnh cultural systems аbo pіdsystems; in the third - їх interaction is mediated by low minds.

Discussions about boundaries, subject, day of folklore are conducted by a great number of pre-epochs.

It’s very important that the folklore text itself doesn’t live in folklore practice, but in reality I want to have one kind of mystery - music, singing, dance - folk culture.

sleepy poetical creativity(For example, kazki, riddles) none of the elements of dramatic diy, gri. In other words, there is little in respect in the great world of the world, such is the power of folklore, as syncreticism, deep interconnection in the new development of the arts.

However, the recognition of the obvious fact did not mean the inclusion of other types of artistic creativity in the subject of folklore.

Preslidnik K.V. Chistov stverdzhuvav, who "folklore is the center of traditional usy verbal texts, how to function in the folk pobut". Developing a concept, take a look at "the boundaries of folklore as the form of spiritual culture, tied with my own, twisted with my own means".

Deyakі vchenі brought the call sleepy-poetical creativity, For example, with music, drama.

V.Ya. Propp writing: "From" folklore "to be stashed only to spiritual creativity and, to see only verbally, poetical creativity.

Uninvolved in the qiu sutta, shyness, beyond the bounds of folklore, a magnificent layer of traditional dancing, dramatic, instrumental, musical creativity to the people has been abandoned.

V.P. Piznishe Anikin broadened the mindset of folklore, only to replace the wine by including drama. "See usnіy prose, poezії and dramas, if some people have lived and wandered among the people, і think in the same way, as in bout, іn folklore".

Academik D.S. Likhachov replaces the dance music by including the verbal order in folklore, musical creativity materials virobi of folk crafts.

The practice of playing folklore is real, as well as the descriptions of the main rice, which actively fostered the interconnection of the ringing of the cordon with one genre or the kind of art.

Folklore is a whole range of artistic and non-artistic manifestations, united in their function in order with folding internal links between them. warehouse parts... Traditions of dramatic art, folk drama, music have given rise to the complex nature of the new types of creativity in folklore.

That was a promising idea, which was introduced in the early 60s by V.Y. Gusavim. The scope of folklore includes that area of ​​folk art, "de artistically depicting action." Author viznaє, scho isnu usno-poetic folklore creativity artistic folklore It is a synthesis of music, spіv, gru, dance, which is often tied with a word, but it can be tied and not tied. If you come to folklore as a synthetic manifestation, then it is necessary to talk about its connection with applied and creative types of creativity. People's viconauts dressed in national costumes, wear embellishments, seemingly bloated, etc. All the whole complex of the single whole world of folklore and traditional culture.

It is clear-poetic, musical-lyric-dramatic and imaginatively creatively creating a complex of manifestations, integration and diffusion of which set the whole structure of folklore.

In the case of folklore adopted by UNESCO, it should be stated: "Before the forms of folklore, the order of the mova, literature, music, dance, іgri, mythology, rituals, games, crafts, architecture and" see mystics. "Folklore (in the wide sense - the traditional folk culture) is collectively, and is based on the traditions of the creativity of the group, as well as individuals, as it is based on the ideas and the support of the suspension, which is adequate to those of the community, culturally."

In the current social and cultural situation, a new ethnofollore middle is being formed, in which the most popular sides and rice, folklore are developing. Ale yak bi vin is not developing and not molded, wine is part of the national art culture suspensions.

The steps in the process of joking one's own mind in spiritual practice are the historical laws of the development of folklore. Without this, it is impossible to have its normal function, as it will take care of the last changes, species, preoccupations, etc. Renewal to embrace both aesthetic and pragmatic day-to-day folklore, and functions that are fundamental, typical rice and authorities. There is a panoramic view of folklore, its social and cultural context, its view, figures and characteristics of the mechanisms of inclusion and visualization of life, even on all stages of its own presentation of the art (49)