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Folk creativity. Russian folk creativity yak for folk pedagogy

plan

1. Usna folk creativity

1.2 Folk music

2. Characteristics of calendar saints

literature

1. Usna folk creativity

Artistic, folk art, folklore, artistic creativity, the spirit of the working people; the origins of the people and in the folk masses of poetry, music, theater, dance, architecture, figurative and decorative Applied mystery... In collective mystery, creativity, the people create their own labor activity, Partnerships, і bystry way of life, knowledge of life and nature, stump and vіruvannya. People's creativity, which developed in the course of comradeships, labor practice, in the eyes of the people, ideals and praise to the people, their poetic imagination, a rich light of thought, feeling, experiencing, protesting against exploitation and oppression, Has absorbed in itself the richness of awareness of the masses, the people's creativity is perceived by the glimpse of mystery, mastery of action, truthfulness of images, by the power of creative communication.

Naybagatshi images, those, motives, forms of folk art, are found in the foldable dialectical one of the individual (hocha, as a rule, anonymous) creativity and collective mystery, witness. The folk collective of the capital of the vidbirak, udoskonalu and zbagachu znaydeni dep. the maystras of the solution. The onset, the style of artistic traditions (within the framework of which, in its own way, special creativity is manifested) to admit the variability, versatile reincarnation of these traditions in the department. creatures.

The collective of folk art, the warehouse and its permanent basis and non-peaceable tradition, appears in the course of the whole process of the formation of creatures of any type. The whole process, which includes empowerment, consolidation of tradition, further elaboration, improvement of tradition and hour, will appear superstitiously long in hours. It is characteristic of all kinds of folk art, that the creators create є at once by the viconauts, and the viconnia, in their own devil, can be found in the options, so that they can use the tradition; It is also an important contact of the viconavts with a mystery of people, as they themselves can be seen as participants in the creative process. Before the main rice of folk art, there is a lot of indivisibility, high artistic unity of these types: in folk - ritual activities, poetry, music, dance, theater, decorative art were angry; in folk life, architecture, construction, design, ceramics, vishivka were used to create an insignificant value; folk poetry is closely tied to music and its own rhythm, musicality, and the character of the show of great creatures, such as the musical genre, wake up to the poetry, laborious rucks, dances. Create and tips folk creativity is transmitted from generation to generation without interruption.

Folk creativity became the historical basis of all art culture... Yogo principals, the most traditional forms, vid and partial images originated in the distant past in the minds of the pre-class suspension, since all the mystery is to the creations of the people. »Mystery. Folk creativity also creates a special layer of light artistic culture. At the same time, they see the development of the social wickedness of the ball, tied with the class differentiation of the suspension, and even to the ear of the capitalist period, the folk creativity is everywhere, as a collective tradition of hardworking masters of the village. It is surrounded by links with fundamental principles to the eyes of the people, the poetry of giving to the light is poetic, the uninterrupted process of enhancing the high art, the rven of the folk art. Before that, the folk creativity was rocking the special form of specialization, the decline in the number of majesty and the new one.

Folk creativity of the children, often far from the distant one from the same people Volodya bezlichchyu rice and motives, as well as in the minds of others, as well as sedated from the zalny dzherel. At the same time, the folk art of the capital absorbed in itself the peculiarities of the national life, the culture of the skin people. Vono has preserved its life of labor, surplus with the dzherel of the national culture, the defiance of the people's self-awareness. This has brought the strength and strength of folk creativity to all the light works of art, about the works of F. Rabelais and V. Shakespeare, A. S. Pushkin, M. A. Nekrasov, P. Bruegel and F. Goya, M. I. Glinki and M. P. Mussorgsky. People's creativity has saved the value of the revolutionary attitudes of the people to fight for their happiness.

In the minds of capitalism, having consumed the sphere of bourgeois suspension-economical wins, the people's creativity grows in the land nervously. Bagato yogo gіlki degrade, grow up to know or perebuvayut under the threat of vitisnennya; They are consuming their valuable rice by industrializing themselves or getting close to the market. At the 19 st. Growth of national self-awareness, democratic and national - vis-à-vis, the development of romanticism, awaken interest to folk creativity. In the 19th and 20th centuries. to take advantage of the infusion of folklore into the culture of the world, to innovate in the introduction of folk art, to organize museums and support for its protection. At the same time, the state and private patronage often subordinate the People's creativity to the commercial goals, the interests of the "Tourism Industry", for whom I cultivate in some of the most archaic rice and religious survivors.

For the socialist support, think for the protection and development of folk creativity; national folk traditions, Vono be taken over by the ideas of socialism, the pathos of the vision of new things, changes in action; People's creativity is citing Static power and partnerships, organization, which may be awarded prizes and honors. Created by the border of the folk art, established - institutes and museums, which provide information about people's creativity and develop its development. Bagato of the traditional genre of folk creativity is brought up, but also known as a new place in life. Population and new forms of the arts, the culture of the folk masses. develop intensively self-made art (Hori, choreographic collectives, folk theaters, etc.), I know nature, lower folk art, and a little bit of vicorist decline. Works for many the capital of the high culture of folk creativity, the value of the vital cultural decline, Skarbnytsi mists, to the advice of the folk masses.

1.1 Folk poetical creativity

People's poetry creativity- masov verse artistic creativity that chi іnshy people; the supremacy of both types and forms, modern science cim term, name it - folk literature, sleepy language, folk poetry, folklore. Verbal art creativity in the process of forming human movi. Even at the early stages, the development of the wine suspension is closely related to the other types of human activity, the imagining cobs of their knowledge and religious - mythological manifestations. In the process of social differentiation of the suspension of the winery, the development of the form and form of verbal creativity, as the image of the interest of the growing suspension groups and prosharkiv. Nayvazhliv_shu role in the development of the creative work of the laboring folk masses. With the appearance of writing, the literature is historically tied to the sleepy folk art

Collectiveness of usny folk creativity (which does not mean only the rotation of thoughts and the feeling of the collective, ale, the first for everything - the process of collective development and expansion) is the reason for the variability, i.e., the variety of texts in the process of. With a lot of snakes, they could be even more dynamic - from insignificant stylistic variations until I think about it. In the memory, as well as in the variation of the texts, the role of playing the original stereotypical formulas is significant - so. Sound. backward miscellaneous, connected with singing plot situations, to move from text to text (for example, in bilins - the formula of the saddle of a horse, etc.).

In the process of being involved in the genre of verbal folk creativity, I experience the “productive” and “unproductive” period (“viky”) of my history (recognition, expansion, part of the popular repertoire, old, social), culturally bummed up in suspensions. The style of popping up folklore texts from the folk can be explained not only by the artistic value, but by the power of change in the way of living, the glimpses, the tastes of the main creators and keepers - the villagers. Texts of folklore works of ethnic genres in minli (however, in the stage of development). However, in general, tradition is in folk creativity more power than in professional literary creativity.

Collectiveness of verbal folk creativity does not mean zneo-segregation: talented maestri actively poured not only on the stem, but on the extension, in order to elaborate or attach texts to the needs of the collective. In the minds of the priesthood of vicarious professions of vicarious workers of folk art. Near the landmarks of the Near Descent and Middle Asia, in the Caucasus, there were transitional forms of verbal folk creativity: create, with singing persons, widened asleep, ale the text, with all the Toktogul Satilganov in Kyrgyzstan, Sayat-Nova in Virmenia).

The wealth of genres, themes, images, poetics of verbal N. t. Is ampled with the versatility of his social and by-beat functions, rozpovіdannya, rozіgruvannya, dialogue, etc.). In the course of history, the genre's deyak became aware of the istot, the snakes, they knew, they were new. V found period among the majority of peoples, childbirth, labor and rituals, serpents, were carried away. Piznіshe win charіvnі, pobutovі kazki, kazki about tvarin, pre-state (archaic) form eposu . In the period of the formation of statehood, the classic heroic epos was formed, because of the victorious history пісні, baladi . More recently, an extra-ritual lyrical song has been formulated, romance, part і ін. small lyrical genres і, nareshty, working folklore (revolutionary songs, usnі razpovіdі etc.).

Unimportant on yaskrava national book-keeping of verbal folk art native peoples, Bagato motives, images and plot in them are similar. For example, two-thirds of the plots of the Cossacks of the European nations are close to being parallel in the Cossacks of the other nations, which is viciously, either by the development of one dzherel, or by cultural intercourse, or by the reason of certain socialities by the laws of obscurity.

Right up to the late feudal epoch and the period of capitalism and verse, folk creativity was developing all over the place in writing literature. пізніше literature create active, not earlier, penetrate the folk middle (for example, "V'yazen" and "Chorna Shal" by A. Pushkin, "peddlers" by N. A. Nekrasov; divine also about in Art. Vilna Russian Poeziya, Lubkov Literature). From the side, the creativity of the folk cossacks nabuva deyaki rice literary (individualization of characters, psychologism, etc.). The socialist support has accessibility to education without giving the opportunity to open the door to the bestowal and creative professionalism of the most gifted people. Riznomanitni forms of mass verbal and artistic culture (creativity of artists, parts, tvir of intermedia and satirical scenes, etc.) Develop in close contact with professional socialist; Among them, the singing role of continuing to see the traditional forms of the verbal folk creativity of Bagatov's ideas, the idea of the inevitable mystery, the value and the triviality of the idea of such pictures, casts, retelling, etc. relish, beaten. Tsim was pondered and a great infusion of verbal folk creativity on the development of literature. M. Gorky saying: "... An ear of mystical word is in folklore." About recordings of folk art, yogo vivchenna and methodological principles of vivchennya

1.2 Folk music

Musical folklore - vocal (perevazhno. Pisenne), isnu, as a rule, in non-written forms and passed on to Vikonavsky traditions. Being the bounty of all the people, the musical folk art is the chief rank of the head of the priest to the viconious mystery of talented nuggets. Such among the ethnic peoples kobzar , guslar , buffoon, ashug, akin, kyushi , Bakhshi, Gusan, Hafiz, olonkhosut , Juggler, minstrel, shilman and the ancient rounds of folk music, like the first mystics, go in the prehistoric past. Musical traditions of business partnerships, formations of vicious styles, tenacious. In the skin and historical era, there are great or small ancient and transformed creations, as well as re-created on their basis. At the end of the stench, Comrade Sound is created. traditional musical folklore. This is the basis of the storehouse of the music of the peasantry, as it is a trivial hour to take the rice of a unique independence and, in general, to be derived from the music, tied with more young, writing traditions. The main types of musical folk art - пісні , epichni saying , dance melodies , dances , instrumental p'usi і naspivi (Signals, dance). Kozhen tvir of musical folklore is represented by a whole system of stylistic and semantically native variants, which characterize the changes of folk music in the process of vikonannya.

The richness of the genre of folk music is the result of versatility and life functions. Muzyka supervodzhuvala all the work and family life of the peasant: the calendar of the holy richeskiy zemlerobsky stake (Christmas carols, spring flowers, oil, bathing pictures), polovi robots (mowing, harvesting pictures), people, wedding (koliskov and weighty pictures), death (buried crying voices). Among the skotar peoples, the bullies were tied with the tamed horses, the pen of thinness, etc. and for an hour folding for the form of musical impromptu - vocal and instrumental

V different genres folk music melos - from recitative to richly ornamental (lyrical songs of the near - and middle - of the ancient musical cultures), rhythmics , scaled systems (from primitive narrow-volume frets to the developed diatonic "vilny melodic scale"). Riznomanitni also form stanzas, couplets (guys, symmetrical, asymmetric and in.), Create in whole. Musical folk creativity in monophonic (solo), antiphony ensemble, choral and orchestral forms. Types of choral and instrumental rich voice rіznomomanіtnі - from heterophony and Bourdon (the bass background sound uninterruptedly) to the folding polyphonic and chordal instruments. skin national Folk music flax culture, which includes a system of musical and folklore dialects, established with a whole musical-style goal and one hour to get together from it. cultures in a large folklore and ethnographic spirituality.

Fiksatsiyu folk music (in the 20th century. For additional sound recording technology), a special science discipline is involved - Ethnomusicology , And to the doslіdzhennyam її - ethnomusic studies (musical folklore).

On the basis of folk music, the winners are practically all nationally professional schools, for those who want to revenge the images of the folk music of folklore decline - from the simplest images of folk melodies to individual traditional music, folk music In contemporary musical practice, folk art is late in power for both professional and new forms of self-made art.

2. Characteristics of calendar saints

At the moment people appear on the earth, they will steadily wander with the new light and master it. Numerous works are developing and developing, which are especially important in the era of farming. The very same “the rhythm of life has emerged in greater fallowness from the winter season and wild cycle, the harvest - in direct fallowness from the primh of nature, in the inflow of natural elements”.

Because of the good weather, it’s not just that life, but the life of the whole family is not lying around. To that, the glimpses vvazhayut, so the rychny cycle will be take a wait ... A great number of prizes have been saved from the vigilia of the heirs, the orders and the heirs, as well as direct orders for the term of the agricultural workers to borrow. Deyaki prikmeti є zagalnye for all regions of Russia. It’s, but it’s more, it’s less of a climatic feature.

Another less efficient way of knowing the weather and species for the harvest - vorozhinnya ... I would like, for the sake of it, the fortune-telling, the fortune-telling is based on the psyche - and in them “a kind of psychological effect: an easy-going fortune-telling ... ; You can vvazhati to that, as a friendly vorozinnya dopomagaє bazhanogo "zbutisya".

Aleh lyudin not obmezhuvavshis deprived of overlooking the light of nature and transferring to the new singing processes, spontaneously positive or negative infusion of life on earth. Vіn zdavna pragnuv actively pouring into nature, in addition to the number of magical rituals.

And rituals of guilt will be repeated from fate to rik without any changes in words, melodies and rukhs. Tilki for tsієї mind navkolishn_y light zalishavsya b unimportant, but, again, and harvest - not worse than the current one.

in thousands of years People's earthwork calendar , In which they knew their practical information about the nature of the weather, the weather and the astronomical reasons, as well as the most important events, as well as the reasons for the in the house, the days of obov'yazkovy cult rituals were seen.

« Ja and і offspring, - writing the celebrations of the English ethnographer J. Fraser, - the axis of what people pushed to take care of themselves, zd_ysnyuchi magic rituals, Poklikanі regulate pori rock and manage them". The head is me hliboroba - blow away the seven - it's simpler to reach it with a great number of households. The axis of what in the Russian village on the outskirts of the next hour was crossed by a great family, in yak, in the world of its forces, everything was praised, from small to great. The main weight of the rural robotics was kicked on the shoulders of the ruler and the senior synopsis. From the prosperous surroundings of the family, the life of the whole village community lay in the Kintsev rakhunka. To that, in the earthworks sounds and sacred by stretching out the richest cycle of important family-and-love motives.

A special place in the life of hliboroba loan sun . « sun, - having ordered A. V. Lunacharsky, tse God, which is given and warm, і light, і іzhu, which is good to fight in the night and, moreover, to fight in winter. Winter lightens up the changes, lightens the late strength. It became a bootie, stretching out the winter, the god of crossings, the god of sufferingє. In winter, there is a convergence of the dream to the earth, in the underground kingdom, the death of a dream, and in the spring, a revival is seen. Shoroku is resurrected in the spring sun, God will turn in the exchanged syayvi. However, God is not possible. Misliti yak of the almighty god. Hi, win is not omnipotent, win is to fight the dark and cold, and it is win, then the gate of reversal. You can have posters, if you change, if you change, if you change". Tom in folk calendar the great role of grali chotiri astronomy dates, Tied with the phases of the fall of the earth around the sun: winter and summer season, spring and main day. Winter songstations(25 breast) meant yak "turn" of the dream to summer, yak day, when the daytime hour begins, step by step, more inevitably come, but not change. The 25th breast is a sacred birth of a dream, an ear of fighting heat and cold, light and temryavi. Lіtnє soncestoyannya (22 worms) sonce reachє best point in heaven. Who found the day and herself nichorsha nich- the hour of the most boisterous color of all roslinnost. The song of the summer dream is beginning to heal to the ground, day after day, the forces of temperament are being acted upon. The dates of the spring and autumn rivnodennya (birch 21 and spring 23) marked the arrival of spring and autumn.

All the main cycles of rural wives are holy, timed until the moments of sleepy rock, taken during the winter, spring, summer and winter. Svychayno, the tsya classification is clever by the singing world. For example, call out the uncomfortable transition of spring to summer. In addition, the hour is the arrival of spring in rіznі climatic zones not the same. The beginning of spring is extended in the national calendar from the very ear of birch trees (in private) and to the end of birch trees - the ear of birch trees (in winter and in Siberia). And this is how the terms of the main village robots - oranka poliv, the first vigon of thinness, sivbi, kosovitsi, pick up crops are so self-stretched. Nareshtі, in the number of vipadkіv, the saint is referred to as bi in the mіzsezonnya. So, the masnitsa for the hour is holy winter, and behind the zm_st - spring.

Calendar rituals could be timed to the ear of any agricultural robots, or as self-styled saints, were held in a row of vipads for a few days. winter Christmastide Christmas time was held by stretching out two tizhnіv (from 25 breasts to 6 sichnya), the tier was meant by masnitsa (call a friend half of the fierce one - half of the birch tree) and seven "green Christmastide" (most often in chervnya).

Until now, the pre-Christian basis of the national calendar has been looked at. Ale in new, I knew my own vision and struggle between Christianity and language. The Orthodox Church did not act only with austere fences and punitive adherents to the old wives. Vona made a mistake to re-create the pesky day of saints, introducing the church calendar or saints (in which, in the calendar order, the days of commemoration of Christian saints and the days of the history of the church) It was not the church that survived in ts_i struggle, but the traditional pre-Christian svitoglyad. Having seen the abstractness of Christianity, the peasantry opened up their own "bastardism of Orthodoxy." The first biblian saints and biblian podias were rendered in a new, characteristic for rural perception of concreteness. The images of the Christian saints took on the functions of the deities of righteousness, the helpers of the pratsi Khliborob. Navit іхні names were given to the people of by-line reappraisal. Prior to them, a little bit of a note was attached, so that they can visualize the bagatories of the camp, just wait in the middle of the day, especially the seasonal time. So, the 1st birch is the day of the martyr vdokіya mav kіlka prizisk: Avdotya Vesnіvka, Avdotya (Єvdokіya) Plyushchikha (snig "flatten"), vdokіya Zamochi Podil abo Avdotya pіdmochiv pochina 8 herb - the day of the Apostle John the Theologian, I will call it Ivan Wheat (the day they sowed wheat).

In such a rite in the traditional tradition, the winnicky-pobutov “saints” (reincarnations of the national calendar), in which language and Christian elements were chimerically changed. The church calendar has a significant increase in the number of Christmastide dates, with two types of holy ones: stable, or “non-transition” and non-stable, or “transition”. First suvoro fastened to the singing days of the month, others from the rock in the rik change their month in the calendar. All "transitions" are sacred in the head rank for the spring - a cob of letters and tied with a flock, the day of sainthood which is reckoned with the decreasing monthly calendar.

As a result of the imposition of the church calendar on the cycle of pre-Christian saints, the acts of them have lost their name, having acquired their own spontaneous sense. For example, there are a number of zvichayv, dated to Lent, - “ middle cross " , « Verbna nedіlya », « clean four », great day ritual ... Інші is a saint, unaffected, but they have saved their kolishnya to name them (masnytsya, semik). Orthodoxy also changed the national memory of the entire language mythology, replacing the names of the languages of the gods with the names of the Christian saints. The churches have gone into the distance to introduce Christian symbolism into the folk calendar rites. Prior to the “ancient traditions of the magical infusion and objects, which were attributed to a special power, were attributed to the church cult (prayer formulas, chrest, proskuri,“ holy ”water and іnshe)." on Khreschennya.

The share of calendar saints and ceremonies was bula-like. holy day , oil rituals Already in the middle of the 19th century, they took on the character of a free folk festivities with songs, games, dances, in which all the citizens of the world took part, mine will become Ale's main role is to shape the young. Ceremonies that supervise specific labor processes (sivba, zbirannya vrozhayu), right up to the 20s of the XX century saved their religious and magical sense. Reasonable importance of labor ceremonies in the life of the peasantry, the clergy have a lot to do with it. So, before the meeting itself, the priests sprinkled holy water on the fields, nasinnya, women rolled across the field of the ogryadny priest, or a diakon, vvazhayuchi, as soon as we see the ogryadnim and super-spike.

For help conjure - one of those found folklore genres people pragnuli enlist the help of the supernatural forces of nature (spring, frost), carols, or masnits, and in the great hour of God. Pissen has infused the essence of purely practicality with poetics. The stench is small for the general (10 15 lines), awkward in the way and for the simple in the ways of the poetical variety. The main compositional form is an incantation - a monologue, in some springtime there is a form of dialogue: a chorus yak bi exchanged replicas in the spring. From the rich arsenal of poetic arsenal of poetry to folklore, in the spells of vikorism, there is no more metaphor for the viglyadi detachment and hyperbole in the description of the bourgeois ("from the ear - osmіna, from the half-grain - pie"). It is often performed in the cycle of songs of the change-over-festive Sufiks when they are brutalized before natural diseases, Khliba, creatures, who once I am fond of living people with nature, their love to her.

"Purely" spellbound songs in Russian calendar folklore trochas (sub-observations of pisnі, vesnyanka, deyakі maslyanі and stubble pisnі). Most often the elements of the spell are in the songs in the same poetic motives.

The spells are genetically tied great songs , Vikonuvani when going around the courtyards for a charge (carols, Oat and grapes) or for canopies - vlіtku (vyunishnye, Egoryevskie pisnі). The stench also called out to the booths a rich harvest, happiness, health and prosperity, albeit in them, a spell came to mind, and the beauty of the word and the melody caught the eye. The main character of the majestic pisen is a lyudin, like to glorify and whomever loves to be fond of: be-like, the most common villager, becoming a "prince", "a little worm son," family. The two main parts of the majestic pisen are magnificence and awe-inspiring - vikoristy are the most lascivious and barvistic, in all Russian folklore, artist: Rizni symbols of wealth and happiness, how to embellish the nepheti, not all kinds of metaphors and hyperboles.

The nature of the descriptions is great to the pictures of the authorities, but in the folk calendar it has a special type of descriptions, like “ boules timed to the singing moments of the rite, as they commented on them and at the same hour they organized the whole ritual activity, snapped around the last part, applied the last". Vvazhayatsya, scho writing-to describe - the best type of ceremonial travel. There is a great similarity between poetry and poetics of non-ritual lyric songs.

literature

1. Great Radianska encyclopedia... T. 17. - M. +1974

2. Great Russian encyclopedia. Vol. 1. - M. 2004.

3. Tsiliy rik... M. "Pravda", 1991

4. Ritual travel. M. "Suchasnik", 1989.

5. Russian folk poetry creativity. M., 1978.

plan

1. Usna folk creativity

1.1 Folk poetry creativity

1.2 Folk music

2. Characteristics of calendar saints

literature

1. Usna folk creativity

Artistic, folk art, folklore, artistic creativity, the spirit of the working people; It was established by the people and in the folk masses of poetry, music, theater, dance, architecture, figurative and decorative and applied art. The collective mystery, creativity, the people revive their work, the activity, partnerships, and everyday life, knowledge of life and nature, cults and corruption. People's creativity, which developed in the course of comradeships, labor practice, in the eyes of the people, ideals and praise to the people, their poetic imagination, a rich light of thought, feeling, experiencing, protesting against exploitation and oppression, Has absorbed in itself the richness of awareness of the masses, the people's creativity is perceived by the glimpse of mystery, mastery of action, truthfulness of images, by the power of creative communication.

Folk creativity has become the historical basis of all light artistic culture. Yogo principals, the most traditional forms, vid and partial images originated in the distant past in the minds of the pre-class suspension, since all the mystery is to the creations of the people. »Mystery. Folk creativity also creates a special layer of light artistic culture. At the same time, they see the development of the social wickedness of the ball, tied with the class differentiation of the suspension, and even to the ear of the capitalist period, the folk creativity is everywhere, as a collective tradition of hardworking masters of the village. It is surrounded by links with fundamental principles to the eyes of the people, the poetry of giving to the light is poetic, the uninterrupted process of enhancing the high art, the rven of the folk art. Before that, the folk creativity was rocking the special form of specialization, the decline in the number of majesty and the new one.

Folk creativity of the children, often far away from one people of one people, without alcoholic rice and motives, which were found in other minds or sedated from the zeal dzherel. At the same time, the folk art of the capital absorbed in itself the peculiarities of the national life, the culture of the skin people. Vono has preserved its life of labor, surplus with the dzherel of the national culture, the defiance of the people's self-awareness. This has brought the strength and strength of folk creativity to all the light works of art, about the works of F. Rabelais and V. Shakespeare, A. S. Pushkin, M. A. Nekrasov, P. Bruegel and F. Goya, M. I. Glinki and M. P. Mussorgsky. People's creativity has saved the value of the revolutionary attitudes of the people to fight for their happiness.

For the socialist support, think for the protection and development of folk creativity; inherited and maintained national folk traditions, taken over by the ideas of socialism, the pathos of imagining new things, changing action; People's creativity is citing Static power and partnerships, organization, which may be awarded prizes and honors. Created by the border of the folk art, established - institutes and museums, which provide information about people's creativity and develop its development. Bagato of the traditional genre of folk creativity is brought up, but also known as a new place in life. Population and new forms of the arts, the culture of the folk masses. develop intensively self-made art (Hori, choreographic collectives, folk theaters, etc.), I know nature, lower folk art, and a little bit of vicorist decline. Works for many the capital of the great culture of folk creativity is taking into account the significance of the ever-living cultural decline, the belongings of the arts, to the notice of the masses of the people.

1.1 Folk poetical creativity

People's poetry creativity- Massive verbal artistic creativity of that chi іnshy people; the supremacy of both types and forms, which is known in the current scientific term, can be called folk literature, sleepy language, folk poetry, folklore. Verbal art creativity in the process of forming human movi. Even at the early stages, the development of the wine suspension is closely related to the other types of human activity, the imagining cobs of their knowledge and religious - mythological manifestations. In the process of social differentiation of the suspension of the winery, the development of the form and form of verbal creativity, as the image of the interest of the growing suspension groups and prosharkiv. Nayvazhliv_shu role in the development of the creative work of the laboring folk masses. With the appearance of writing, the literature is historically tied to the sleepy folk art

The wealth of genres, themes, images, poetics of verbal N. t. Is ampled with the versatility of his social and by-beat functions, rozpovіdannya, rozіgruvannya, dialogue, etc.). In the course of history, the genre's deyak became aware of the istot, the snakes, they knew, they were new. In the found period, the majority of peoples have experienced childbirth, labor and rituals, serpents. Piznіshe win charіvnі, pobutovі kazki, kazki about tvarin, pre-state (archaic) form eposu . In the period of the formation of statehood, the classic heroic epos was formed, because of the victorious history пісні, baladi . More recently, an extra-ritual lyrical song has been formulated, romance, part і ін. small lyrical genres і, nareshty, working folklore (revolutionary songs, usnі razpovіdі etc.).

Unimportant on the national level, the creation of verbal folk creativity of the young peoples, rich motives, images and themes are similar in them. For example, two-thirds of the plots of the Cossacks of the European nations are close to being parallel in the Cossacks of the other nations, which is viciously, either by the development of one dzherel, or by cultural intercourse, or by the reason of certain socialities by the laws of obscurity.

Right up to the late feudal epoch and the period of capitalism and verse, folk creativity was developing all over the place in writing literature. Beginning with literature, be more active, less earlier, penetrate into the folk middle (for example, "V'yazen" and "Chorna Shal" by A. Pushkin, "peddlers" by N. A. Nekrasov; div. Vilna Russian Poeziya, Lubkov Literature). From the side, the creativity of the folk cossacks nabuva deyaki rice literary (individualization of characters, psychologism, etc.). The socialist support has accessibility to education without giving the opportunity to open the door to the bestowal and creative professionalism of the most gifted people. Riznomanitni forms of mass verbal and artistic culture (creativity of artists, parts, tvir of intermedia and satirical scenes, etc.) Develop in close contact with professional socialist; Among them, the singing role of continuing to see the traditional forms of the verbal folk creativity of Bagatov's ideas, the idea of the inevitable mystery, the value and the triviality of the idea of such pictures, casts, retelling, etc. relish, beaten. Tsim was pondered and a great infusion of verbal folk creativity on the development of literature. M. Gorky saying: "... An ear of mystical word is in folklore." About recordings of folk art, yogo vivchenna and methodological principles of vivchennya

1.2 Folk music

Rіznomanіtni tipi were common among the genres of folk music melos - from recitative to richly ornamental (lyrical songs of the near - and middle - of the ancient musical cultures), rhythmics , scaled systems (from primitive narrow-volume frets to the developed diatonic "vilny melodic scale"). Riznomanitni also form stanzas, couplets (guys, symmetrical, asymmetric and in.), Create in whole. Musical folk creativity in monophonic (solo), antiphony ensemble, choral and orchestral forms. Types of choral and instrumental rich voice rіznomomanіtnі - from heterophony and Bourdon (the bass background sound uninterruptedly) to the folding polyphonic and chordal instruments. Skin national folk musical culture It includes a system of musical and folklore dialects, which is set up with a whole musical style and one hour get together with it. Cultures in a large folklore and ethnographic spirituality.

2. Characteristics of calendar saints

And rituals of guilt will be repeated from fate to rik without any changes in words, melodies and rukhs. Just for the price, mind the newest light that you become indifferent, but, again, the crop is not worse than the current one.

« Ja and і offspring, - writing the celebrations of the English ethnographer J. Fraser, - The axis of what people pushed to take care of themselves, here are the magic rituals, poklikani regulate the time of fate and control them". The head is me hliboroba - blow away the seven - it's simpler to reach it with a great number of households. The axis of what in the Russian village on the outskirts of the next hour was crossed by a great family, in yak, in the world of its forces, everything was praised, from small to great. The main weight of the rural robotics was kicked on the shoulders of the ruler and the senior synopsis. From the prosperous surroundings of the family, the life of the whole village community lay in the Kintsev rakhunka. To that, in the earthworks sounds and sacred by stretching out the richest cycle of important family-and-love motives.

A special place in the life of hliboroba loan sun . « sun, - having ordered A. V. Lunacharsky, tse God, which is given and warm, і light, і іzhu, which is good to fight in the night and, moreover, to fight in winter. Winter lightens up the changes, lightens the late strength. It became a bootie, stretching out the winter, the god of crossings, the god of sufferingє. In winter, there is a convergence of the dream to the earth, in the underground kingdom, the death of a dream, and in the spring, a revival is seen. Shoroku is resurrected in the spring sun, God will turn in the exchanged syayvi. However, God is not possible. Misliti yak of the almighty god. Hi, win is not omnipotent, win is to fight the dark and cold, and it is win, then the gate of reversal. You can have posters, if you change, if you change, if you change". Therefore, in the national calendar, the role of chotiri astronomical dates is great, tied with the phases of the fall of the earth around the sun: winter and summer season, spring and autumn day. In winter, Soncestoyannya (25th breast) meant a “turn” of Sontsya in summer, like a day, when it’s the day’s hour, it’s starting in a step, but it’s inevitable that it’s coming, but it’s not changing. The 25th breast is a sacred birth of a dream, an ear of fighting heat and cold, light and temryavi. At the literary point (22 worms) the sun can reach the most convenient point in the sky. The one who found the day and the nicholas' nich is the hour of the most boisterous color of all the greatness. The song of the summer dream is beginning to heal to the ground, day after day, the forces of temperament are being acted upon. The dates of the spring and autumn rivnodennya (birch 21 and spring 23) marked the arrival of spring and autumn.

All the main cycles of rural wives are holy, timed until the moments of sleepy rock, taken during the winter, spring, summer and winter. Svychayno, the tsya classification is clever by the singing world. For example, call out the uncomfortable transition of spring to summer. In addition, the hour of the arrival of spring in the development of the climatic zone is not the same. The beginning of spring is extended in the national calendar from the very ear of birch trees (in private) and to the end of birch trees - the ear of birch trees (in winter and in Siberia). And this is how the terms of the main village robots - oranka poliv, the first vigon of thinness, sivbi, kosovitsi, pick up crops are so self-stretched. Nareshtі, in the number of vipadkіv, the saint is referred to as bi in the mіzsezonnya. So, the masnitsa for the hour is holy winter, and behind the zm_st - spring.

The share of calendar saints and ceremonies was bula-like. holy day , oil rituals Already in the middle of the 19th century, they take on the character of a free folk festivities with songs, games, dances, in which all the citizens of the world will take part, right from the start, but the main role is to look after the young. Ceremonies that supervise specific labor processes (sivba, zbirannya vrozhayu), right up to the 20s of the XX century saved their religious and magical sense. Reasonable importance of labor ceremonies in the life of the peasantry, the clergy have a lot to do with it. So, before the meeting itself, the priests sprinkled holy water on the fields, nasinnya, women rolled across the field of the ogryadny priest, or a diakon, vvazhayuchi, as soon as we see the ogryadnim and super-spike.

For help conjure - of one of the found folklore genres, people pledged to secure the supernatural forces of nature (spring, frost), carols, or masnits, and in the great great hour of God. Pissen has infused the essence of purely practicality with poetics. The stench is small for the general (10 15 lines), awkward in the way and for the simple in the way of poetical variation 2. The incantation of the beast (often in the imperative form, is older in the form of the goodness) to the weight of the carriage. The main compositional form is an incantation - a monologue; From the rich arsenal of poetic arsenal of poetry to folklore, in the spells of vikory, there is no more metaphor for the viglyadi detachment and hyperbole in the description of a bastard ("from an ear - osmіna, from a half-grain - a pie"). It is often performed in the cycle of songs of change-and-fest Sufiks, when they are beastly to natural manifestations, bread, creatures, who once endeavored to add people to nature, and love to her.

"Purely" incantatory songs in the Russian calendar folklore Trocha (sub-observations of songs, vesnyanka, deyaki maslyans and stubble paintings). Most often the elements of the spell are in the songs in the same poetic motives.

The spells are genetically tied great songs , Vikonuvani when going around the courtyards for a charge (carols, Oat and grapes) or for canopies - vlіtku (vyunishnye, Egoryevskie pisnі). The stench also called out to the booths a rich harvest, happiness, health and prosperity, albeit in them, a spell came to mind, and the beauty of the word and the melody caught the eye. The main character of the majestic pisen is a lyudin, who glorifies and who loves dearness: be it, the most common villager, becoming a "prince", "a little worm son," family. The two main parts of the majestic pisens - majesty and fancy - vikoristoyt the most lascivious and barvy, in all Russian folklore, artistic interests: the small symbols of wealth and happiness, I look at all, I do not like

literature

1. Great Radianska encyclopedia. T. 17. - M. 1974

2. Great Russian encyclopedia. Vol. 1. - M. 2004.

3. Round rik. M. "Pravda", 1991

4. Ritual travel. M. "Suchasnik", 1989.

5. Russian folk poetry creativity. M., 1978.

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17 most beautiful views of the Russian folk art.

People's promises are the very ones that show our culture rich and unique. Designed objects, grasses and textiles take away from themselves foreign tourists in memory of our land.

As far as the skin of Russia is concerned, there is a vigorous kind of handicraft, and in all the materials they took most of them.

dimkovska igrashka

Dimkovskaya igrashka - a symbol of the Kirov region, old history... Get stuck out of the clay, dry and scorch in the oven. I will write it out by hand, it is a unique copy of the skin once it is flashed. Two identical games cannot be found.

Zhostovskaya Rozpis

On the ear of 19 th century in one of the Moscow villages of the colish Troitsk volost, the port of the city of the Troitsk volost (nini - Mitischinsky district), Vishnyakov's brothers lived, and took the stench to write lacquered metal pies, tsukornitsy, papa For the last three years, artistic designs in the Zhostovo style began to gain popularity and respect at numerous exhibitions in our country and beyond the cordon.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma is one of the most beautiful Russian industries, which originated in the 17th century near Nizhny Novgorod. The price of decorative design of furniture and wooden utensils, as a love not only of the clerks of the Russian old-fashioned world, ale and residents foreign lands.

Chimerically intertwined grassy grasses with yaskravo-chervonykh berries and golden leaves on black aphids can endlessly. To this, to find the traditional wooden spoons, presented by the most insignificant drive, to forget the memory of the gift-giver, having taken away the goodness itself.

Gorodotska Rozpis

Gorodotska rozpis іsnu from the middle of the 19th century. Yaskravі, laconic vіzerunki represent genres of stage, figurines of horses, birds, kvіtkovі ornaments. Rozpis vikonutsya vilnuyu brushstroke from the white and black graphical outlines, embellish strands, furniture, windows, doors.

filigran

Filigran is one of the found types of artistic metalwork. The elements of the filigree wedge are very popular: at the viglyadі motosechki, lace, wicker, yalinka, dorіzhki, smooth. Plenty of vikonuyuyutsya from even thinner gold or middle darts, to that look with light and screaming.

Ural malachite

From the genus of malachite - in the Urals, in Africa, in the Northern Australia and the USA, however, for the color and beauty of the malachite of foreign countries, it is impossible to grow up with the Urals. Tom malachite from the Urals gets involved in the newest market.

Gusevskoy kryshtal

Virobi, seen at the Kryshtal plant of the town of Gus-Khrustalny, can be seen in the museums of the Usiy Svit. Traditional Russian suveniri, objects for the pobut, services for the Christmas table, vitonished embellishments, boxes, statues manual robots to visualize beauty native nature, Її. Especially popular is virobi from kolorovy kryshtal.

matrioshka

The round-eyed and povnenka cheerful little girl in Khustin and Russian folk dress has grown up with the hearts of lovers of the folk art and beautiful souvenirs in all the world.

The infection of a matrioshka is not just a folk girl, the keeper of the Russian culture: there is a memorial souvenir for tourists, on an apron, which are subtly decorated with games, scenes of cossacks and landscapes with significant memorials. Matryoshka has become an expensive object of collection, which can cost more than one hundred dollars.

financial

Vantage brooches, bracelets, pendants, "vіyshli" in modern fashion - not just, like embellishment, prepared from the technology of finance. This is a view of the applied art in the 17th century in the Vologda region.

The Maystri were imagining on a bіlіy emalі kvіtkovі ornaments, birds, animals for the additional bezlіchі farbs. Because of the mystery of the barvy of emails, it began to be absorbed, its actions are monotonous in color: white, blue and green. Infected successfully to admit offense to the style.

Tula samovar

At a great hour, the foreman of the Tula Zbroy Factory Fedir Lisitsin, loving maystruvate well, never mind, and once breaking a samovar. Then they made a samovar pledge, they sold midi virobes, which were criminally successful.

Samovars Lisitsin were famous for their versatile forms and chilling: baril, vases with carbides and gravings, egg-shaped samovars, with cranes at the dolphin's viewer, with loop-like handles, writing.

Palekhsky miniature

Palekhskaia miniatura is a special, subtle, poetical bachelor of light, as it is in power of Russian folk traditions and songs. At the rose, brown-orange and bluish-green tones appear.

Palekhskaja rospis has no analogies in the whole world. Wonder on the pap'є-mache and only then be transferred to the surface of the boxes of all kinds of shapes and sizes.

Gzhel

Gzhel kushch, an area of 27 silos, raztasovaniya pіd Moscow, famous for its clays, vidobutki which are conducted here from the middle of the 17th century. At 19 stolіttі Gzhel majstras became vipuskati semi-faience, faience and porcelain. Of particular interest to the tsikh pir are virobi, painted in one color - blue overglaze headlight, which is applied with penzel, with graphic details.

Pavlovo Posadski Shals

Yaskravі and lungs, zhіnіchnі pavlopossadskіe khustki are always fashionable current. Tsei people's promises appeared in the end of the 18th century in the village of Pavlovo, where a scarf manufactory developed. On them, there were held shawls with a stuffed baby, which was even popular at that hour.

Introduced by the People's Artists creativity

The National Art Theater is the center of the people and the people in the folk masses of poetry, music, theater, dance, architecture, artistic and decorative arts. The collective artistic creativity is visually intrigued by the work of art, by-handed way of life, knowledge of life and nature, cult and corruption, as well as popular glances, ideals and pragmatism, poetry fantasy, thoughts, feelings People's artistic creativity is derived from the glimpse of artistic mastery of action, truthfulness of images, by the power of creative communication.

One of the forms of folk creativity. Including in itself, including the establishment and presentation of artistic creations by the forces of viconauts - lovers individually (spivaks, chitts, musicians, dancers, acrobats) or collectively (gurts, studios, folk theaters). In pre-Revolutionary Russia, the amateur viconavtsi got into gurts and suspensions at clubs and zborats. They were running out of work gurts, folk theaters, as they passed under the suvorim control of the government.

Self-made art-nonprofessional artistic creativity of folk artists in imaginative and decorative - applied, musical, theatrical, choreographic and circus arts, cinema art, photography and inn. Artistic self-realization includes in itself the creation and presentation of artistic creations by the forces of amateurs, who are presented collectively or one at a time.

Collective of artistic self-help- the creativity of the union of lovers of one of the types of mystery, scho practice on voluntary huge ambushes at clubs or other cultural-mass institutions. Collective self-identity has a number of features. The price of a single device, cores, organs of self-production, as well as the addition of large and special women and interests of the participants of the self-made collective.

Daily signs of self-made creativity: voluntary participation in self-made collective, initiative and activity of self-made participants, spiritual motivation of participants in self-made collectives, functional self-motivation Specific signs of self-motivated creativity: organization, visibility among participants in self-motivated special training to efficiency, lower, but not among professional teams.

amateur creativity- a unique social and cultural phenomenon, with a multi-type and multifunctional structure, as a power of power and artistic culture. Yak vіdomo, dozvіllja - a part of the vіlny hour, tied to the development of specialties, as vіkorystіvuyutsya for the cultivation, living up the values of spiritual culture, rozvag, other types of unregulated performance

The art of self-reliance plays a great role in the right of aesthetic vikhovannya. Going to the mystery, the people develop their building and develop their beauty more beautifully, develop their cultural rhyvn, develop spiritually. "Choreographic self-motivated collectives, vkonuyuchi zavdanya esthetic formuvannya osostosti, to serve as a master of ceremonies and educate. Tsi zavdanya virіsuyut by means of mystery dance", "Formation actively, spiritually rich" specialties - the metar of the very specialty of the theater itself. Fairly speaking, it is possible to bring it to any kind of amateur creativity. Whether it be spіv, tvіr or vikonannya music, participation in circus performances, the establishment of objects in imaginative and decorative and applied art, all the process of development of intellectual and extravagant cultural level of specialness.

"Artistic self-indulgence ... є not only by a school of art majesty, ale, - well, maybe, even more important, - by a school of life, a school of immenseness. In other words, we are good at being actively creative and simple. to myself in the mystery, and the first for everything, I am a member of the staff, whose strength and talent are absolutely necessary and essential. "

Self-made art can be seen as a social-pedagogical value, as a system of functions: information-educational; Communicative; social, as a revenge in the artistic product ethical values, norms, ideals, characteristic of the development of the culture of the ages, so that the decline of the mind, the generation of translucency, aesthetically, I do not remember anything about the beauty in the life of the society, in the outside, in the movement, plasticity, forms; vikhovna, for the development and development of spiritual values and the need for specialness.

Through the forms of artistic self-identity, there is a lot to be seen in what the interaction of folklore and professional art, їх viconauts, aesthetic norms, technical prizes, etc.

folklore- folk creativity, most often you fall asleep; the artist is collective, the creative person is the people, who depicts their life, look, ideals; stemming from the people and from the folk in the folk masses of poetry (perekazi, songs, parts, anecdotes, kazki, epos), folk music (music, instrumental naspi and p'usi), theater (drama, satirical, theater, dance) architecture, imaginative and decorative and applied art.

value

Folk art, which originated in the distant past, is the historical basis of all light artistic culture, dzherelo national artistic traditions, a defiance of national self-awareness. Deyak prelude to admit to folk art also all kinds of non-professional art (self-made art, including folk theaters).

More precisely, the term "folklore" is important, since the form of folk art is not invisible and ossified. Folklore is constantly in the process of development and evolution: Chastooshkas can be watched by the museum itself, the music of the folk music can be played on the part of the contemporary musical instruments on the occasional ones, the new ones can be assigned to the present-day events, folk music of the music can be fed to the museum. That application can be used to input computer graphics, etc.

typology of folklore

Folklore is shared by two groups- ritual and non-ritual. Before ceremonial folklore, the following is referred to: calendar folklore (carols, oil songs, vesnyanki), family folklore (native perekazi, koliskovs, wedding songs, voices), vypadkovy (snakes, calls, chants) Non-ritual folklore continues into the chotiri group: folklore drama, poetry, prose and folklore of modern situations. Prior to folklore drama, the following applies: Petrushka's theater, nativity scene drama, religious drama.

Before the folklore trip: Bilina, historical song, Spiritual virsh, lyrical song, balada, zhorstokiy romance, part, childish verses (virsovani parody), sadistic verses. Folklore prose is known to last in two groups: Kazkov and non-fabulous. Before the Kazakh prose, please be introduced: Kazakh (yaka, in your own devil, buvaє chotiryokh types: Charivna Kazka, Kazka about tvarin, pobutova Kazka, cumulative Kazka) and anecdote. To non-fabulous prose, one can relate to: a refusal, a legend, a bile, a mythological statement, a statement about a dream. Before the folklore of the modern situations, it is possible to refer to: admitting, ordering, good fortune, proklyoni, prisiska, dredgers, dialogue graphs, riddles, squashers and deyaki inshi. Learn and write letters to form folklore, such as sheets of happiness, graphics, albums (for example, pictures).