Showthread php as genres of folk art. See and genre of folk art culture
Cultural studies and arts
The main sign of the case is a fantastic cinematographic evidence for signaling and hearing a person in the first world. All kazki are divided into groups of categories of genres: A charming and cumulative in about roslin creatures. charіvnі kazki They are called so cleverly and are seen in a row of compositional structural signs. Cossacks about tvarin roslin objects can form a special group.
See and genre of folk art culture.
People's art culture is cleverly divided into types and genres. Isnu bezlich classification. It is cleverly possible to distribute NHC for
1.Oral folk creativity
3.musical creativity
4.dancing creativity
1. Asleep folk creativity in its own line extends to the Prozov genre of folklore and Virshovani genre of folklore. Prozovі vidi folklore.
In folklore, prosaic poetry is called folk prose. Not a genre at all. The whole area of folk art. Before її the warehouse includes a number of canopies, middle m / about vidіliti, for example. kazku. The main sign of the Kazka is fantastic el-t, which is obvious for the notification and hearing in the rivniy world. The Kazka is based on the navmisny vimisli, which is the sign of all poetics. All kazki are divided into vidi, groups, categories and genres:
A) charіvnі, b) cumulative, c) about tvarin, roslin.
Charіvnі kazki are called so cleverly, and are seen in a row of compositional, structural signs. They have є binding, for example. return of the hero kimos for phantas. the subject of a diva or a divine; the scene of the hero with Baba-Yagoi, Babusa-backyards, Didko, etc.
Cumulative can also be structurally-compositional. Ex. "Ripka", "Kolobok" "Terem flies", "Pivnik choked". The stench is prompted by the bagatoraz repetition of the same Lanka, so, what happens is either a lance, or a pile, or the last row of events, or a change of posilan. Such kazok trocha, the stench smells especially composition, rhythm and style.
Cossacks about tvarin, roslins, objects can form a special group.
Up to three main genres, they concatenate the kazki about people, which are taken to be nazyvati or novelistic. The characters of this genre are not fantastic princes, but men, women, farm laborers, soldiers, villains, rogues, clever answers, etc.
In the area of non-fabulous folk prose you can see:
Rise of ethological character: why the ribs live, black crows, the hare has a short tail, etc.
Rozpovіdі about іstot, overіnnuyu above natural health, how to descend to the linguistic myth: about lisovikіv, mermaids, housewives and іn. Їх they call "boules", "bilichki", "bouvalais".
Legends-rozpovidі, scho winikli in the Christian period. Oh heroes Adam and Eve, Christ and his apostles, saints. One of the legends is called a story about historical characters (a legend about Stepan Razin). The word і legend is ma church-latin prokhodzhennya. In the monastic pobut, the word tse meant the texts of the pious serpent, which were read before the hour of monastic meals or divine services.
Razpovіdі about іyachіv correctly nazivatі (about Razin, about Pugachov).
Informed of the history of the meaning of the story, which are tenacious in the tradition of being overgrown with inconsequential details, details have not yet preserved the accuracy of the fact itself.
Virshovana Epichna Poetry
Riznitsya between the regions of folk art is not only a zvnіshnya; The sense of the visualization is lyrical to the image. If the skin bilina does not have its own melody, the style of bilinous musical vikonannya in the singing boundaries of integrity and unprecedented to the other types of epic creativity.
Genri of epic poetry:
Bilina. Empirically, it is not easy to tell a bilin. Zmіst іkh eznomanitno і straightforward. Ale to the warehouse bilin to enter the crate of genres (behind the plot groups)
Classic bilini for heroic deeds national heroes In the words of the heroic bilini. Plots of heroic bilins:
1) vіyskovі, 2) single combat, 3) snake fighting, 4) rebellious.
The head of the sign of heroic bilins is that the hero is in the interests of the state.
Kazkovi bilini. The main antagonist of the hero here is a woman. At the sight of the Kazka, the woman is desperate and needs the hero's captor, there is no way, idealistic, all the way evil and the hero's mind. Unimportant to the appearance of the Kazakh element, the price is still not the case. Kazkov's character їм natayut the manifestation of Chaklun spells, werewolf and miracles. (Bilin about Sadko).
Novelistic bilines are purposefully logged with notification (about matchmaking with transcripts and far away). Central version of Kazkovy bilines and balads.
The genre of epic spiritual verse.
Tse pisnі about saints and іkh works. Spiritual virsh is a religious manifestation and a historical zmist.
Skomoroshina a song about cheerful natures, or about serious speeches humoristic vitlumachenih
A song about a neural squad, who pretended to be sick, sent a cholovik to the place, ale of vicrit and punished for the help of the buffoon (Guest Terent'ev).
About those who are cheerful rogues robbed bagatiya (Vusa).
Yak zarіzali і dіlіlіrno great biku і scho z tse viyshlo (old about the great biku)
Skomoroshini-nebilitsi.
Skomoroshini-parody.
Balada. The sphere of the world of light of human passions was interpreted tragically. Balada small individual private and family life. The head of the heroine is the woman of the guard. Love and jealousy, internal hatred can lead to tragic conflicts, as it turns into crooked little things. One of the main plots is the driving of an innocent woman. Zazvychay vbivtsya member of your motherland. (Cholovik is an innocent squad). At the baladi, wake up a confrontation, ale buvaє and so, the girl becomes a victim of a deceiver, a conjurer. The victim is the victim of the cholovik, the helm of the squad is to beggar the cholovik for the sake of the other, there is no need for the vyshukany of humiliation (sleeping, rubbing). In such a rank, 1 cycle of the balad of the family of conflict, the 2nd cycle of tragically unrecognized.
Historical pictures.
character historical songs to lay a) from the era and from the hour of the stem, b) from the middle, as it is from the edge.
Lyric song. The region of folk art is majestic. Їх it is possible to distribute according to the form of vikonannya on round dances, іgrovі, dances. For by-end stasis it is possible to distribute to labors, holy days, weddings, but it is possible to follow the zmist: about love, about soldier's life, about rozbiynikiv. You can distribute. by the name of the day before: satirical, majestic, mourning. For the nature of the vikonannya lengthy, part, industrial. Behind the character social center boutuvannya: peasant, soldiers, robots, mishchans. Selyanski pisnі can be podіliti on rituals and non-rituals. Ceremonial calendar, family. Calendar pictures of the great national saints digging character. Stink on the holy. Family rituals of funeral, funeral. There is also working folklore, student folklore and prison folklore.
Decorative and applied creativity last for
1. Artistic textiles (weaving, embroidery)
2. I paint wood trimming (thread, birch bark trimming)
3. Keramiku (clay. Dishes, іgrashki)
4. Stone processing
5. Artistic forging to metal
6. Artistic design
Kozhen from tsikh vidіv dіlіt in his drawing room for imagery for the technique of vygotovlennya, for the regional flavor. If so, they are called promises in the production (Gzhel, Khokhloma, Filimonova, etc.)
Folk dances to dance in a circle (ornamental, line), tank (guys, singles, tank), quadrille.
Musical creativity is presented by music on different musical instruments (pipe, zhaleika, kugikli, tambourines. Sopiltsi ...)
And also іnshі robots, as they can connect you |
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Genri of musical folklore - tse basic vidi musical works Created by unauthorized authors and saved by the people for a lot of generations for additional transmission from one people to the last.
About the types of mi and the behavior of the season, there is a bit of clarity to the understanding of "folklore" and "genre", which is not stray.
What kind of folklore and what kind of genre?
Vzagal, word "Folklore" refer not only to the sphere itself musical creativity... The word is English, and in the change yak means « People's wisdom» ... Before folklore, there is a wealth of manifestations of spiritual culture. Tse and legends, retelling and kazki, orders and invocations, conjurations and snares, prikmeti and sorcery, dance, religious and holy rituals, different and ingrious and nivy tales, and anecdotes!
genre- the vision of the creatures historically formed with the powerful peculiarities of the wickedness and the form, as well as the specific lives of the signs and the peculiarities of their presence and visibility. Apply musical genres - opera, ballet, symphony, song, romance and so far.
How about the genre of musical folklore?
Any folklore musical genres among the ethnic peoples (all sorts of people) are superbly rich, so in the most important sense it can be divided into vocal(Tі, scho singing - the head rank, pіsnі), instrumental(Yakі play - in the main naspіvi) і vocal and instrumental(Zrozumіlo, scho here at once і sleep, і play).
Still a lot of musical genres can be developed for three universal categories of zmistu. tse epos(As soon as it happens, it’s history), lyrica(Yaksho, the main emphasis is to rely on the feeling) і drama(Yaksho vipovnyuєtsya be-yaku diyu).
Genri of Russian poetry folklore
Name all genres of musical folklore - to mean, feel unassailable. Kozhen is a new kind of dancing - a tse okremiy genre. by the way, bilina, round dance, Trіpak, koliskova, і vesnyanka, і kolyadka, і part- name all genres.
We make reports on the genres of Russian folk musical creativity. The main genre here is a song, ale of a song, a development and also a numerical genre of a type of Russian painting. Most of the time, the stench was remembered by the fact that the role of the stench was played in the life of the people, in such a situation and in some circumstances they could have sounded.
And you can furnish it, for example, the axis of yaki - one song is drunk once a day (on the day of the holy), that one is tied to some kind of rite and vikonuyutsya only todi, if the people come to drink, the rite day of fun (or at the funeral). Є tsiliy rik in whatever day it is, in whatever the weather. I don’t get attached until one o'clock, but to rituals and to do it, if it’s just the mood of my spirits - for example, a song about troubles, if it’s all in all, if it’s all about a dream, if it’s okay, if it’s like that. if you hear a lot of people.
Otzhe, the Russian pictures are as follows:
- Pisni, connected with the calendar and calendar saints and rituals (celebrating and celebrating spring, "zhayvoronki", early spring and summer trips of winter, celebrating new harvests and winter season)
- Pisnі, which are connected with childish motives in the specialty of that family life of people (about the people’s children, christening children, children’s christening, christening children, christening children, great prayers, funeral and recruiting, funeral
- Epіchnі pіsennі genres (bilina, notification, buffoonery and unbelief, deyakі spiritual warriors, baladi, historical pictures).
- Lyrical pictures (pictures about kohannya - happy and unrepentant, tragic, lengthy pictures, "countrymen", mischievous pictures and kanti).
- Everyday life and holy (soldier's and student's pictures)
The axis, in such a rank, zvratayuchis to the snake and living meaning, it is possible to intelligently develop the genre of musical folklore in such a group.
In the quality of the living musical butt long-standing Russian folk music Hear the edging “The storm is breaking the sea” about the suvorian part of the sailors at the victorious cholovy cholovych.
Old Russian edging "Bori the sea razdimayet"
Folk creativity has become the historical basis of all light artistic culture. Yogo principals, the most traditional forms, vid and partial images originated in the distant past in the minds of the pre-class suspension, if all the mystery was given to the creations and the bribes of the people (div. First mystery). With the social development of the people, the form of the class suspension, the development of the practical steps to see the professional "high", "high" artistry. Folk creativity also creates a special layer of light artistic culture. At the same time, they see the development of the social wickedness of the ball, tied with the class differentiation of the suspension, and even to the ear of the capitalist period of Folk creativity, it is everywhere that they start as a collective of traditionally hardworking masters of the community. Organizational connection with the fundamental principles to the people, the poetical purpose of being brought up to the light, without interruption to the process of enriching the high artistic level of the folk art. Prior to that, the People's creativity was playing with the special form of specialization, the decline in the number of majors and the development of you.
people poetical creativity- masov verse artistic creativity that chi іnshy people; the supremacy of yogo types and forms, which are known in modern science cim term, maє i in. name - folk literature, sleepy literature, folk poetry, folklore. Verbal art creativity is in the process of forming human movi. Even at the early stages, the development of the suspension is tightly knitted from it. By the types of humanity, the imaginative cobs of their knowledge and religious-mythological manifestations. In the process of social differentiation of the suspension of the winery, the development of the form and form of verbal creativity, as the representation of the interest of the growing suspension groups and prosharkiv. Nayvazhliv_shu role in the development of the creative work of the laboring folk masses. With the appearance of writing, the literature is historically tied to the sleep of the People's Artists
Collectiveness of folk art (which does not mean only the rotation of thoughts and the feeling of the collective, but rather for everything - the process of collective development and expansion), the enrichment of variability, i.e., the diversity of texts in the process of With a lot of snakes, they could be even more dynamic - from insignificant stylistic options until I think about it. In the memory, as well as in the version of the texts, the role of playing the original stereotypical formulas is significant - so called the out-of-the-box story, connected with the singing plot situations, to move from the text to the text (for example, the form in the saddle-lines - ).
In the process of being involved in the genre of verbal Folk creativity, I experience the "productive" and "unproductive" period ("viky") of my history (recognition, expansion, entry into the popular repertoire, old, social), - by shoemaking wines in suspensions. The style of popping up folklore texts from the folk can be explained not only by the artistic value, but by the power of change in the way of living, the glances, the tastes of the main creators and keepers - the villagers. Texts of folklore works of ethnic genres in minli (however, in the stage of development). However, in general, the tradition of folk creativity is greater in strength, less in professional literary creativity.
Collectiveness of verbal folk creativity does not mean that zenosomnosti: talented maestri actively poured not only on the stem, but on the extension, thoroughly or attached texts to the needs of the collective. In the minds of the priesthood of vicarious professors Folk creativity (old Greek Rapsodi and Aedi, Russian Skomorokhs, Ukrainian kobzars (Div. Kobzar), Kazakh and Kyrgyz Akinis, etc.). Near the landmarks of the Near Descent and Middle Asia, in the Caucasus, there were transitional forms of verbal Folk creativity: create, with singing persons, were widened asleep, but the text was widespread in Toktogul Satilganov in Kyrgyzstan, Sayat-Nova in Virmenia).
The wealth of genres, themes, images, poets of verbal folk art is summarized by the versatility of social and by-beat functions, as well as ways of displaying (solo, chorus, chorus and soloist), according to the same rosіgruvannya, dialogue, etc.). In the course of history, the genre's deyaky became aware of the sutta wines, they knew, they were new. V found period among the majority of peoples, childbirth, labor and rituals, serpents, were carried away. Piznіshe win charіvnі, pobutovі kazki, kazki about tvarin, pre-state (archaic) forms of Eposu. In the period of the formulation of statehood, the classic heroic epos became famous, along with the victorious historical pictures (Div. Pisnya), baladi (Div. Balada). More recently, a non-ritual lyrical song, Romance, Chastushka and іn were formulated. Small lyrical genres і, nareshty, working folklore (revolutions, ideas, etc.).
Unimportant on the national level, the creation of verbal Folk art of different peoples, rich motives, images and themes are similar in them. For example, close two-thirds of the plots of the Kazakhs of the European peoples may be paralleled in the Kazakhs. People, scho viclikano or development from one dzherel, or cultural interaction, or the events of similar appearances on the ground of the outward laws of social development.
Right up to the late feudal epoch and the period of capitalism in words, folk art developed all over the place in writing literature. Become active in literature, not earlier, penetrate the folk middle (for example, "V'yazen" and "Chorna Shal" by A. Pushkin, "peddlers" by N. A. Nekrasov; divine poeziya, Lubkov's literature). Z in. Boku, the creativity of the folk cossacks nabuva deyakі rice literary (indivіalіzatsіya characterіv, psychologism, etc.). The socialist support has accessibility to education without giving the opportunity to open the door to the bestowal and creative professionalism of the most gifted people. Riznomanitni forms of mass verbal and artistic culture (creativity of artists, parts, tvir intermedia and satirical scenes, etc.) are developed in close contact with professional socialist mystics; Among them, the singing role is to continue to evolve and traditional forms of verbal Folk creativity. pobut. Tsim is pondered and a great infusion of verbal folk creativity on the development of literature. M. Gorky said: "... An ear of mystery of the word is in folklore" ("About Literature", 1961, p. 452). About the recording of folk art, yogo vivchenni and methodological principles of vivchennya divas. Folklore studies.
Folk music (musical folklore) - vocal (more importantly), instrumental and vocal-instrumental collective creativity of the people; Bytuє, as a rule, in non-written forms and passed on to the Vikonavskiy traditions. Being the bounty of all the people, the music of the Folk Art is the head rank of the head of the Vikonavsky mystery of talented nuggets. Such among the ethnic peoples Kobzar, guslar (div. Gusli), buffoon (Div. Skomorokhi), ashugs, Akin, kuyshi (div. Kui), Bakhshi, Gusan (Div. Gusa), Khafiz, olonkhosut (div. Olonkho), aed (Div. Aedi), Juggler, Menestrels, Shpilman and іn. Rounds of folk music, yak and ін. mystics, come from the prehistoric past. The musical traditions of the rural suspension formations are viciously stylish, tenacious. In the dermal historical era, create more and more ancient and transformed creations, as well as re-created on the basis of this. In the sukupnostі stench, they establish so the titles of traditional musical folklore. This is the basis of the storehouse of the music of the peasantry, like a trivial hour of taking the rice of a unique independence and in general being derived from the music, tied to the greater youth, writing traditions. The main types of musical folk art are songs (Div. Pisnya), epic messages (for example, Russian Bilini, Yakutsk olonkho), dance melodies, dance music adaptations (for example, partly) , dance). Kozhen tvir of musical folklore is represented by a whole system of stylistic and semantically native variants, which characterize the changes of folk music in the process of vikonannya.
The richness of the genre of folk music is the result of versatility and life functions. The music of the super juval is all the work and life of the peasant: the calendar of the holy richer agricultural stake (carols (Div. (funeral crying voice). Among the cattle people, the bulls were tied to the tamed horses, the corral of thinness, etc. Pіznіshe naybіlshy rozvitok in folklorі vsіh narodіv otrimali lіrichnі genre, de on zmіnu simple, short naspіvam labor, ceremonial, tantsyuvalnih i epіchnih pіsen abo іnstrumentalnі nagravannya coming rozgornutі i hour skladnі for Form muzichnі іmprovіzatsії - vokalnі (napriklad, rosіyska broaching pіsnya, rumunska that moldavska Doyna) and instrumental (for example, programs of Transcarpathian violinists, Bulgarian cavalry, Kazakh dombrists, Kyrgyz komuzists, Turkmen dutarists, Uzbek, Tajik Japanese, Indian instrumental.
V different genres folk music went from different types of melodies - from recitative (Karelians, Runi, Russian bilini, new-Slovenian Epos) to richly ornamental (lyrical songs about middle-voiced and middle-voiced music) ensembles of African peoples, nimetska choir chord, Georgian quarto-second and middle-Russian voice polyphony, Lithuanian canonical Sutartine), rhythm (Div. from primitive university-general modes to the rosy diatonic "vilny melodic mode"). Riznomanitni also form stanzas, couplets (guys, symmetrical, asymmetric and in.), Creation in general. Musical Folk creativity in monophonic (solo), antiphony (div. Antiphon), ensemble, choral and orchestral forms. Typical choral and instrumental rich voices, rіznomanіtni - from heterophony (Div. Heterophony) and Bourdon (bass background sound uninterruptedly) to folding polyphonic and chord statements. Kozhna national folk musical culture It includes a system of musical and folklore dialects, which is set up with a whole musical style and one hour to get together from it. Cultures in a large folklore and ethnographic spirituality (for example, in Europe - Scandinavian, Baltska, Karpatska, Balkanska, Srednomomorska, etc.).
The recording of folk music (in the 20th century. For additional sound recording technology), a special science discipline is involved - musical ethnography, and the preliminaries - ethnomusic studies (musical folklore).
On the basis of folk music, the winners are practically all national professional schools, which are legal for the culture of the folklore show of folklore decline - from the simplest images of folk melodies to the traditional folk music, folk music In contemporary musical practice Folk creativity є with late force both for the professional, and for the new forms of self-made art.
Folk Musical Instruments, established by the people and broadening in their musical practice, can be only one nation (for example, Ukrainian bandura, Georgian chongury), or get used to other peoples By linking them with their own ethnic style or trivial historical and cultural contacts (for example, gusli, broadening among Russians and Bylorus; in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, the same may be more important for all instruments). In the popular prototypes, with their turns, go all the professional musical instruments.
The folk theater, which is in the forms organically linked with the sleepy folk art, originated in the distant past: in the games, as the super-juvenile and earthly saints, the elements of the re-translation were conceived. Theatrical performance of the festival is present in the calendar and family rites (Christmas ryadzhen, wedding, etc.). In the process of historical development in dramatic actions, creativity can be embraced, the ear is played: win the game, the parody of the fun rite (for example, the Russian gra-comedy "Pakhomushka"), the funeral rite ("funeral rite") Some actions served as a basis for all peoples for the development of a folk theater and drama. The national theater has a theater of living actors and the Theater of Lyalok, often named after the hero of the Vistavi (Petrushka in Russia, Panch in England, Pulchinela in Italy, Kashparek in the Czech Republic and in.). The Russian theater Petrushka will be close to the Ukrainian Vertep, Biloruska Batleyka. The variety of forms of folk lyalkovy to the theater began in the form of views of lyaloks, systems of management (reeds, marionettes (Div. Marionetka) - lyalki on strings - and in.). People's theaters of lyalok played p'usi, replayed tales and legends, and sketched "wandering plots" - p'usi about Don Juan, Doctor Faust. Before the folk theater, the same kind of goodness is given to the name of the district (showing of ruddy pictures in the superconduct of drama to the text).
People's theater in a wide sense of non-professional, protest, all peoples have their own fahivtsi theatrical right: old-time Mimi, Western European Shpilman, jugglers, Russian Skomorokhs, as well as actors-lyalkari rіznih lands... They were united in the group (in Russia they were called "mobs"), the stench was poured through the towns and villages. The repertoire was composed of folklore promenade, as well as the rework of professional p'es and іn. literary works... Appearing to the folk theater, Mali invoke the social and political directness of the state, which was followed by the church and the state. People's actors often brought light realist elements to the manifestation of religious dramas (middle Misteria). A critical attitude to the people before the representatives of the feudal nobility and the small bourgeoisie manifested itself in Farsi. Traditions of farce and carnival were given the performances of the Comedy del Arte (Div. Comedy del Arte).
In Russia, the largest expansion in the village, soldier, and factory middle was rejected by the dramas "Tsar Maximilian and the unconquerable Sin Adolf", "Choven" rozіgruvalis also dramas "Tsar Irod", "Yak a Frenchman brav Moscow." For their type of stench, they are introduced to the houses of the tyrannical peoples of the tyrannical peoples, to heroic or so-called rozbiynitsky dramas. "Tsar Maximilian" is a little literary pershodelo - the school drama "Vinets Dimitriya" (1704), which is based on "The Life of St. Demetrius"; "Choven" (the end of the 18th century) is a sketch of the folk painting "Down the Matins by the Volza". The residual formulation of the tsikh p'єs is tied to the fragments included in the text from the works of poets of the 18th century - the 1st half of the 19th century. - G. R. Derzhavina, K. N. Batyushkova, A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, motives and images of popular novels. In Russia, there were also satirical paintings "Pan", "Goliy Pan", "Petrushka".
best characteristic feature folk theater (like the glamor of folklore art) є a sense of the cleverness of costumes and requisites, rucks and gestures; In the course of the manifestation, the actor without a mediocre splitting from the public, as she could give remarks, get involved in the show, direct him, and once and take in a new fate (play together with the chorus of viconauts, images in other scenes. The folk theater, as a rule, is not a stage or a decoration. The main interest in the new development is not on the level of the openness of the characters of the various individuals, and on the tragedy or comic situations, the situation. Great significance may vikhidni monologues of heroes, vikonannya dyovyi persons pisen (folk or specially folded for giving), ariy from operas. In folk drama, there are two types of characters - dramatic (heroic or romantic) and comic. The first is a high-class style of beasts, monologues and dialogues, others - comic, parody priyomi, grasses. The tradition of performance in the folk theater has given birth to a special kind of theatrical performances, as they have renounced the style of the form. The event in Bagatyokh lands is called a traditional theater. Near the lands of Asia, since the founding hours, there have been broadening of folk-dancing pantomime vistavi. On this basis, the traditional theater of the peoples of Asia was formed: the theaters of wayang-topeng in Indonesia, Kolam on the island. Shri-Lanka (Ceylon), Kathakali in India and in.
The peculiarity of the artistic and victorious priyoms in the folk theater took in the performances of the professional theater and victorious by them (U. Shakespir, Mol'ar, K. Goldoni, A. N. Ostrovsky, E. De Filipo).
Folk dance is one of the found types of Folk art. The dance is part of the folk dance at holy fairs and fairs. The appearance of round dances and іn. Ritual dances are tied with folk rituals (Ceylon dance in the fire, Norwegian dance with resinos, words in a round dance, tied with rituals of curling birch, wicker winkling, burning bagat). Proceedingly from the ritual events, the round dance was reminiscent of a new zmist, which turned around in a new specialty. The people, who took care of the love, the creation, were imbedded in the dance with a guard over the creature's light. Figuratively and vividly conveyed the character and little animals, birds, domestic animals: the dance of the bizon of the Pivne American Indians, the Indonesian penchak (tiger), the Yakut dance of the weddy, the Pamirian, the Chinese pіvnyachiy bіy і ін. There are dances on those silskoy pratsi: the Latin dance of women, the Hutsul dance of the woodcutter, the Estonian dance of the shevts, the Bilorussian lianok, the Moldavian poame (grapes), the Uzbek shovkopryad, buttermilk (bavovna). With the appearance of a creative and factory practice, new folk dances will be revealed: Ukrainian cooper, Nimetsky dance of skloduv, Karelian "Yak tchut cloth" and іn. Folk dance is often brought up with a vivid spirit, valor, heroism, performed in a stage battle ("old" dances of ancient Greeks, dance mystery with fencing prizes, Georgian horums, Georgian horums, great misce in the dancing folk art, the theme of love is occupied; a collection of tsі dancesі boules out of erotic; more dancers have appeared, as they twist the nobility of the sentiments, the shanobly staged to the woman (Georgian Kartuli, Russian Baynovskaya Kadril, Polish Mazur).
The skin people had their own dance traditions, plastic movement, especially the coordination of rukhiv, priyomy and development of music with music; Some of the dance phrases are synchronous with musical phrases, while the others (Bulgarians) are not synchronous. dance people Western Europe Runt in Rusі nіg (hands and body yak bi їm companion), in the dances of the peoples of Middle Asia and ін. land The main thing is respect for the collapse of the hands and the body. At a folk dance, a panun is rhythmically cob, like a dancer (prevention, claps, dzvin kilets, dzvinochkiv). Bagato dances vikonuyutsya on the accompaniment of folk instruments, like dancers often trim in their hands (castanuti, tambourine, drum, doira, accordion, balalaika). Deyaki dances will be able to visit with the whimsical accessories (khustku, droplets, dish, bowl, bowl). A great infusion on the character of the vison of the costume: so, the smoothness of the movement of the Russian and Georgian dancers, dovga dovga cloth, so that the feet are curled up; a characteristic ruh in the Russian and Ugorsky cholovichy dance - see through the freebies of the hard chobits.
The development and popularity of folk dance in the SRSR were given the recognition of the new stage form - folk dance ensembles. In 1937, the Folk Dance Ensemble SRSR was created, which consolidated the stage folk dance at the professional choreography. Elementy folk dance vikoristoyutsya in classical ballet. All republics Radiansky Union Stems of professional ensembles of folk dance and ensembles of music and dance. Professional and amateur collectives of folk scenic dance expanded in the lands of the Usiy svitu (Div. Dance).
People's architecture, figuratively and decorative and applied arts, include knowledge of pratsi, awakening (div. Derev'yana architecture, Zhitlo), home stuffing and furnishings (div. Tree in mystery, Zalizo, Keramika, Laki, artist , Glass), odyag і fabrics (div. Vishivka, Kilim, Kilim, Merezhivo, Nabijka, Odyag, cloth artists), igrashki (div. Igrashka), Lubok, etc. To the number of the most important artistic and technical processes that have expanded in folk art, Pottery, Weaving, Artistic Development, Decorative Designs, Kuvannya, Literary Artists, Graviruvannya, Karbuvannya, etc. are included. People's architecture and decorative and applied art should lie down to the material virobnity, be absolutely creative in nature; There is a sense of anger in them, aesthetic and utilitarian functions, figurative misleading and technical wines.
Constructive and formalizing the subject middle and giving an object-aesthetic twist to labor processes, by-the-clock way of life, calendar and native rituals, People's creativity from the very beginning did not seem to be able to enjoy the harmony of the folk. In the surrounding rice of Folk Art, the norms of pratsi and pobutu, stumps and viruvannya, from the past to the Neolithic and Bronze Age are stitched. best galery element To serve the folk art, which was born in ancient times, the Ornament, which additionally helps to achieve organic unity of composition and highly interrelationship with the technique of visibility, the feeling of the subject, plastic form, natural beauty of the material. In some ornamental motifs, most of the few collection of mythological sensations ("svytovye tree", "great goddess" with maybutny, solar symbols), rice of primordial evidence, mythological and magic abilities. Both ancient roots appear, for example, and in the folk arts, in which the rice of the primordial cult plastics is quilted. The creators of folk art are often lured into a specific connection with those chi іnshim singers, they take care of them, if they take in the memory of the cult nature, or the mythological intelligence of the person I call. We will explain the Germanity, the ephemerality of folk art objects (little pies, eggs), which are regularly produced and regularly repeated in rituals.
On the vidminu from the "high" mystery of huge tops, the folk art does not know contrasting wines artistic styles... In the course of this evolution, there are new motives, and the steps of stylization and the character of comprehension of the old motives are changing; The image, tied with the root manifestations about the light, acted in a narrow-minded sense (for example, in the new signs-amulets and signs by-item items) For the grati was repaired for a purely decorative role, so the shape of the object often became unimportant from the insignificant constructive and functional changes. The announcement about speeches in the People's Creativity is not an indulgence in the preparation model, but rather a little one, but live in the witness and ruts of the majstr; with the whole result of this individual wines, how to produce the most rational robots, guilty of being accepted by the national team. By virtue of this, the tradition is conceived post-mortem, but if only a few of the specific changes are made. Found objects (for example, wood buckets at a pitching view) can be superbly close to nature; the development of comprehension of these forms in folk art, taking into account the primordial typology and the imaginative basis, taking into account all the capitals of the world by means of decorative patterns, decorative stylization, rational victors technical assistance and materials.
In the world of class differentiation of the suspension, there is a change of mind for the celebration of the People's Creativity, service consumption of the lower spheres of the suspension and a number of misty robot for yourself and before the Silsky craft. The appearance of a special folk gilka still appears in the ancient mystery (for example, in votive objects (Div. Votive objects) of the Italian-Etruscan stake, how to fake neolithic plastic). Pochatkovy monuments of palaces and to find cult architectures are intertwined with the simplest ancient images of folk tree and stone architecture (Yegeyskiy Megaron, Nimetskiy halls), carried by the veins of kocheviks to sweat, etc., etc. gardening life and folk architecture, as a subservient in the main village house (living room, tik, komora, barn, hliv, etc.).
In the middle Europe, the feudal-ecclesiastical culture defended the preservation of the cultural tradition of the clan harmony, the state and political isolation, the cult of the mythical gods; virazom ts'go old folk string in middling mystery, zazvychay full of images of animal style (Div. Sound style). Narodny svitoglyad, with special purity, it was violated in yazychnitsky embellishments-amulets, in the memorials, like with butts I pour folk culture to the court and the church (such a relief of the Volodymyr-Suzdal school (Div. Volodymyr-Suzdal school), grotesque plasticity of Romanesque and Gothic churches, ornamentation of manuscripts). However nerozvinenіst inventory penny vіdnosin, Slabko diferentsіatsіya forms pobutu and takozh printsipova anonіmnіst serednovіchnogo Mistetstvo i blizkіst Yogo maystrіv to national seredovischі not spriyali tsіlkovitogo vіdokremlennya People tvorchostі have kraїnah, pіznіshe entered into Rann stadіyu rozvitku, zokrema in serednovіchnіy Rusі, podіbna situatsіya zberіgaєtsya already until the end of 17 - on the cob 18 st. At the edges of the descent, especially before the 19th and 20th centuries, they took over a middle-aged way of life, all decorative and applied arts were very much perfected by folk handicrafts and highly degraded Folk creativity is not small in the basic ideas of the craft; in the imaginative and artistic series of the countries, the popular strumin (Chinese, Japanese, Indian popular print) is strong. Nareshti, in the lands, which survived the colonization, the ancient tubular culture served as the basis for the folk creativity of the zazvychay, which would have absorbed the rich rice of the brought cultures.
For the distribution of feudalism and the guild system, work is done on the market of folk art craft; zvdyaki tsomu Folk art, still retaining a tight connection with the people's beggar, I will master new types of products, new forms and those. From the side, the emergence of artistic individuality and the cult of the ancient mystery, which was laid down in the era of Renaissance, to produce before the People's creativity is all clearer as it is locally, due to the old days of origin. People's art culture - create a religious painting (votive paintings, ikoni, paintings on the slope, a sculpture was grown), which has developed rapidly from the 16th-17th centuries. (Especially in the lands of the Catholic cult), decorated with saintly, popular prints, with the new archaism of forms, - I can already use the system, below the Vishukans, for an innovative, independent vitvory of the "high" mystery; analogous distribution of wine and in the style of items by the way. Tsei opening the mensh is visible there, de folklore elements deeply penetrate the culture of the privileged faiths and the church. In Russia, it manifested itself, for example, in the architecture of the palace in the village. Kolomenskoy (17th century), Three great number of forms of folk wooden architecture, and in the regions Latin America- in the decor of the Baroque church, picking rice paintings of pre-Columbian civilizations. In the 17th and 18th centuries. in the People's Creativity, there is a weak ideographic ear. In Russian motives, now everywhere there is symbolic-geometric vіzerunki, decorative mode of old vіlnіshe, rіznomanіtnіshoyu. Folk creativity is penetrating more and more new warnings, by-beat plots, growing up to the Kazakh-folklore comprehension of the life of the general spheres of the suspension, to the suspicion of the forms of pan-style styles, and the dearness of the hard work. However, the new motives and forms (Renaissance, Baroque, Empire), penetrating into the People's creativity, make sure that the similarity is not visible at once, appealing and catching in a rhythmically clear decorative scheme. In total for 17 - ear of 19 tbsp. to bring the era of the development of folk art, which gave a superb design of its types and forms. A complete set of equipment for folk art was previously inaccessible to them materials and tools, new technical possibilities, broadening the horizons of folk artists, development of folk lyricism and satire.
At the 19 st. Intensive development of artistic craftsmanship is becoming more and more involved in the system of capitalist economy; Commodity handicraft in large regions is left behind as a conservative domestic one. In Russia, in 1861, the People's Artists were promising to create the character of the private maisterns, which are the way to go to the All-Russian market. The university of specialization of industries, efficient distribution of processes and standardization of motives for people to use different types of forms, borderingly angry with the virtual receptions of technical performance (within an hour's reach of the machine); With a whole workmanship, mechanically, there is no mainstreamness, all part of the creative work. They enjoy the imagery of masculine and anti-artistic products, unmistakably technical and natural principles for folklore. Compositions, previously strictly organized, filled with meaningful associations, become more vivid, a little less logical. The tempera painting of the Farbi is characterized by being ol_ine, and from one by one; folk icon and lubok change oleography; in plasticity, the volume-subject form is incorporated into architecture. The image and the ornament, which used to be angry with the picture, now look like a picture pasted on the surface. Okremi galusies, which do not stand out in competition with cheap factory virobs, do not fall asleep, but they do not grow and expand, they do not show the good technology, the style of the industrial commerce and the ideas of the professional machine tool In a number of countries, such as mali before the most popular folk art (England, Dania, Netherlands), it is more likely to grow in in the districts But they have saved the strained layers of the middle culture (the provinces in Russia, Brittany in France, Tyrol in Austria, Slovakia, Balkan lands, Spain, Sicily in Italy).
From the middle of the 19th century verbal folklore, In the ranks of the regions, the winery is of interest to the folk decorative art. For every hour, the aesthetics of folk art (both national and exotic), its barvism and rhythm are more and more infused into professional architecture, decorative art... To fix the collection of collections of folk art, huge organizations and patron's gurts, to create a number of new industries and organizations. A special range of activities was carried out at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. with the expansion of the "Modern" style and associated with it national and romantic trends. However, imposing the idea of easel-type on the folk majstras, the artists and theorists of "modernity" most often revealed the unreasonableness of the specifics of folk art. in the ranks of the capitalist lands, navpaks, they were afraid to try to bring the folk sculpture and ornament to an abstract painting.
Create fun folk art to be mainly decorative virobes and souvenirs, figuratively to inform about the freedom of folk culture of this kind; zavdyaky their obviously handicraft respect the stink of rice national traditions and without a middle population, I am mainly standardized by industrial means. Folk arts and crafts play an important role in the economy of the country, as it develops. In the Bagatio regions (the first for everything in the USSR and the Socialist Powers) there is a need to protect the people's industries and іх artistic freedom, The dіyalnіstіnіy mіstіrіv want to hunt for additional competitions and shows, professional and technical schools and colleges prepare artists and viconavtsіv. For the participation of pre-ancient scientific institutes and museums, traditions and images of folk art, zokrem, z time, shob see virobi and decorative priyomi, sound to a happy life, can be learned. People's creativity is infused unremittingly into the artist's prominence, in addition to helping to know the most varied forms and decor of the beat-by-word speech; okremі rice of folk art to live in the creations of self-made monsters, as well as professional artists, who are victorious to witness the folk art. In the SRCR, a number of quieted folk industries have evolved, a lot of new developments have been taken out and linked to the national life of the organization (for example, the number of centers of the iconography have become universally visible centers of varnish). In different types and genres of Radyansky Folk creativity dbailive protection folk traditions to enjoy a wide range of interests and active children of radiant action.