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Yaki vidi є folk creativity. Folk creativity

music, theater, dance, architecture, imaginative and decorative Applied mystery... In collective artistic creativity, the people revive their work with strength, a suspenseful and casual way of life, knowledge of life and nature, cults and corruption. V Folk creativity Formed in the course of a suspicious labor practice, in the eyes of the people, ideals and praise to the people, their poetic imagination, a rich light of thoughts, feelings, experiences, protest against exploitation and oppression, the world about justice and justice. It took in itself the bagatovy admonitions of the folk masses, Folk creativity to see the glimpse of artistic mastery of action, truthfulness of images, by the power of creative communication.

Naybagatshi images, those, motives, form Folk creativity to be recognized in a folding dialectical unity of individual (as a rule, anonymous) creativity and collective artistic evidence. The folk collective of the capital of vidbirak, udoskonalu and zbagachuє znaydenі okremami rіshennya majstras. The onset, style of artistic traditions (within the framework of which, in its own way, special creativity is manifested) to admit the versatility, versatile reincarnation of these traditions in the surrounding creations.

collectiveness Folk creativity, Warehouse yogo permanent basis and non-peaceable tradition, appear in the course of the whole process of the formation of creatures of any type. The whole process, which includes the empowerment, the consolidation of the tradition, the further elaboration, the refining and the hour of updating the tradition, will appear superstitiously long in the hours. Typical for all species Folk creativity Do the creators create є one hour by the viconauts, and the viconannya, in his own circle, can be the roots of the options, so that the tradition can be changed; It is also an important contact of visitors with a mystery of people who themselves can be seen as participants in the creative process. Until basic rice Folk creativity to build up and most likely to become indivisible, high artistic unity of these types: poetry, music, dance, theater were angry in folk ritual activities, decorative art; in folk life, architecture, construction, design, ceramics, vishivka were used to create an insignificant value; folk poetry is closely tied to music and its own rhythm, musicality, and the character of the show of great creatures, such as the musical genre, wake up to the poetry, laborious rucks, dances. Create and tips Folk creativity bezposeredno transmitted from generation to generation.

Folk creativity became the historical basis of all light artistic culture. Yogo principals, the most traditional forms, vid and partial images originated long ago in the minds of the pre-class suspension, if all the mystery was given to the creation and to the people (Div. first-rate mystery ). With the social development of the people, the form of the class suspension, the development of the practical steps to see the professionalism "visoka", "vchene" mystery. Folk creativity I also set up a special layer of light artistic culture. The newcomer sees the development of the social wickedness of the ball, the tie from the class differentiation of the suspension, and even to the ear of the capitalist period Folk creativity everywhere there is a collective tradition of mystery of the working masses of the village, and then of the place. Organizational communication with the fundamental principles to the people, the poetry of the presentation to the light, the uninterrupted process of enriching the high artistic flow folk art... Until then Folk creativity virobilo special forms of specialization, decline in the number of majors and newcomers.

Folk creativity young, often far away one from one people Volodya bezlichchy rice and motives, as well as in the minds of others, as well as sedated from the zalny dzherel. At the same time Folk creativity capitals absorbed the peculiarities of the national life, the culture of the skin people. Vono has preserved its life-style labor basis, having been deprived of the dzherel of the national culture, the viraznik of national self-awareness. The price has given the strength and pliability in the pour Folk creativity on all the mystery of the world, about the creation of F. Rabelais and V. Shakespeare, A. Pushkin, M. A. Nekrasov, P. Bruegel and F. Goya, M. I. Glinki and M.P. Mussorgsky. Into his own house Folk creativity It was richly taken from the "high" mystery, but it was known to be versatile - from the classic pediments on the village huts to folk songs to the words of great poets. Folk creativity saved the value of revolutionary attitudes to the people, who fight for their happiness.

In the minds of capitalism, having spent in the sphere of bourgeois suspension-economical changes, Folk creativity to develop in the region is uneven. Bagato yogo gіlki degrade, grow up to know or perebuvayut under the threat of vitisnennya; They are consuming their valuable rice by industrializing themselves or getting close to the market. At the 19 st. the development of national self-awareness, democratic and national-visibility, the development of romanticism awaken interest to Folk creativity In the 19th - 20th century to take advantage of the infusion of folklore into the culture of light Folk creativity, Organize museums and establishments of yogo protection. At the same time, state and private patronage is often subordinate Folk creativity for commercial purposes, for the interests of "Industry Tourism", for whom I cultivate in the new most archaic rice and religious-patriarchal survivals.

In the socialist support of the establishment, think for saving and development Folk creativity; inherited and maintained national folk traditions, taken over by the ideas of socialism, the pathos of imagining new things, changing action; Folk creativity to be systematically accustomed to the state and large-scale organizations, and the majisters will be awarded prizes and honors. Created by the edge of scientific and pre-ancient institutions - institutes and museums, yak vivchayut dosvid Folk creativity p take yo rokvit. Bagato traditional genres Folk creativity vidmiyut (for example, ceremonial folklore, Serpent, folk drama), ale іnshі know a new place in life. Population and new forms of art culture of folk masses. develop intensively self-made art (Hori, choreographic collectives, folk theaters, etc.) Folk creativity, Ale chastkovo vikoristovu yogo decline. Buildings for a rich table of high education Folk creativity save the value of the vital cultural decline, Skarbnitsi of artistic advice of the folk mas.

people poetical creativity- masov verse artistic creativity that chi іnshy people; the supremacy of yogo types and forms, which are known in modern science cim term, maє i in. name - folk literature, sleepy literature, folk poetry, folklore. Verbal art creativity is in the process of forming human movi. Even at the early stages, the development of the suspension is tightly knitted from it. By the types of humanity, the imaginative cobs of their knowledge and religious-mythological manifestations. In the process of social differentiation of the suspension of the winery, the development of the form and form of verbal creativity, as the representation of the interest of the growing suspension groups and prosharkiv. Nayvazhliv_shu role in the development of the creative work of the laboring folk masses. With the appearance of writing, the literature is historically tied to sleep Folk creativity

collectiveness of sleep Folk creativity(This does not mean only the turning of thoughts and feeling in the collective, but rather for everything - the process of collective development and expansion) the enrichment of the variability, i.e. With a lot of snakes, they could be even more dynamic - from insignificant stylistic options until I think about it. In the memory, as well as in the version of the texts, the role of playing the original stereotypical formulas is significant - so called the out-of-the-box story, connected with the singing plot situations, to move from the text to the text (for example, the form in the saddle-lines - ).

The process of playing the genre of verbal Folk creativity experience the "productive" and "unproductive" period ("wiki") of their history (the winery, the expansion, the part of the mass repertoire, the old, the extinguishing), and is tied in the cultural hustle and bustle with social and cultural The style of popping up folklore texts from the folk can be explained not only by the artistic value, but by the power of change in the way of living, the glances, the tastes of the main creators and keepers - the villagers. Texts of folklore works of ethnic genres in minli (however, in the stage of development). However, in general, the tradition of the Folk creativity more power than a professional literary creativity.

collective verbal Folk creativity does not mean zneo-isolation: talented maestri actively poured not only on the stem, but on the extension, thoroughly or attached to the texts to the needs of the collective. In the minds of the priesthood of vicarious professors Folk creativity(old Greek rhapsody і Aedi , Russian buffoons , Ukrainian kobzar , Kazakh and Kyrgyz akini etc.). At the doyaky provinces of the Near Descent and Middle Asia, in the Caucasus, there were transitional forms of verbal Folk creativity: Create, with singing persons, widened asleep, but the text changed very little at all, because of the author’s name, I’m often introduced into the text (for example, Toktogul Satilganov in Kyrgyzstan, Sayat-News in Virgo).

The wealth of genres, themes, images, poetics of the verbal Folk creativity informed by the versatility of both social and by-beat functions, as well as by the ways of vikonannya (solo, chorus, chorus and soloist), according to the text with melody, antonics, ruhami (spіv, spіdovanja). In the course of history, the genre's deyaky became aware of the sutta wines, they knew, they were new. V found period among the majority of peoples, childbirth, labor and rituals, serpents, were carried away. Piznіshe win charіvnі, pobutovі kazki, kazki about tvarin, pre-state (archaic) form epos ... In the period of the formation of statehood, the classic heroic epos was formed, because of the victorious history пісні , baladi ... An out-of-the-ordinary lyric song has also been formulated, romance , ditty і ін. small lyrical genres і, nareshty, working folklore (revolutionary songs, usnі razpovіdі, etc.).

Unimportant on yaskrava nationally Folk creativity native peoples, Bagato motives, images and plot in them are similar. For example, close two-thirds of the plots of the Kazakhs of the European peoples may be paralleled in the Kazakhs. People, scho viclikano or development from one dzherel, or cultural interaction, or the events of similar appearances on the ground of the outward laws of social development.

Right up to the late feudal era and the period of capitalism in words Folk creativity Evolving quite squarely in writing literature. Become active in literature, less earlier, penetrate the folk middle (for example, "V'yazen" and "Chorna Shal" by A. Pushkin, "peddlers" by N. A. Nekrasov; div. Vilna Russian Poetry , Lubkova Literature ). Z in. Boku, the creativity of the folk cossacks nabuva deyakі rice literary (indivіalіzatsіya characterіv, psychologism, etc.). The socialist support has accessibility to education without giving the opportunity to open the door to the bestowal and creative professionalism of the most gifted people. Riznomanitni forms of mass verbal and artistic culture (creativity of artists, parts, tvir intermedia and satirical scenes, etc.) are developed in close contact with professional socialist mystics; Among them, the singular role is to promote the visual and traditional forms of the verbal Folk creativity Bagatov's bustle took care of the inevitable artist's value and triviality of such pictures, cossacks, perekaziv, etc., as the best way to depict the peculiarities of the spiritual mentality of the people, their ideals, hopes, artists. Tsim poured over and a glib infusion of verbal Folk creativity for the development of literature. M. Gorky said: "... An ear of masterful words - in folklore" ("About Literature", 1961, p. 452). About records Folk creativity, Yogo vivchenny and methodological principles of vivchennya div. folklore .

Folk music (musical folklore) - vocal (more importantly), instrumental and vocal-instrumental collective creativity of the people; Bytuє, as a rule, in non-written forms and passed on to the Vikonavskiy traditions. Being bunny all the people, Folk creativityіsnu the chief rank of the head of the Vikonavsky mystery of talented nuggets. Such among the ethnic peoples kobzar , Guslyar (div. gusli ), buffoon , ashug , akin , Kyushi (div. kui ), bakhshi , Gusan , hafiz , Olonkhosut (div. olonkho ), aed , juggler , minstrel , shilman і ін. Coils folk music, Yak і ін. Mysteries, come from the prehistoric past. The musical traditions of the rural suspension formations are viciously stylish, tenacious. In the dermal historical era, create more and more ancient and transformed creations, as well as re-created on the basis of this. In the sukupnostі stench, they establish so the titles of traditional musical folklore. This is the basis of the storehouse of the music of the peasantry, like a trivial hour of taking the rice of a unique independence and in general being derived from the music, tied to the greater youth, writing traditions. Main types of music Folk creativity - пісні , Epic messages (for example, Russian bilini , Yakutsk olonkho), dance melodies, dance adjustments (for example, Russian parts ), Іnstrumentalnі p'єsi і naspіvi (signals, dances). Kozhen tvir of musical folklore is represented by a whole system of stylistic and semantically native variants, which characterize the changes of folk music in the process of vikonannya.

The richness of the genre of folk music is the result of versatility and life functions. Muzyka supervodzhuvala all the work and family life of the peasant: the calendar of the holy richeskoe zemlerobsky stake ( carols , freckles , Maslyans, kupalski pisnі), polovі robots (mowing, stubbling pictures), people, wesіllya (koliskovі and wіllnі pictures), death (funeral crying voices). Among the cattle people, the bulls were tied to the tamed horses, the corral of thinness, etc. Pіznіshe naybіlshy rozvitok in folklorі vsіh narodіv otrimali lіrichnі genre, de on zmіnu simple, short naspіvam labor, ceremonial, tantsyuvalnih i epіchnih pіsen abo іnstrumentalnі nagravannya coming rozgornutі i hour skladnі for Form muzichnі іmprovіzatsії - vokalnі (napriklad, rosіyska broaching pіsnya, rumunska i moldavska doina ) І instrumental (for example, software programs of Transcarpathian violinists, Bulgarian cavalry players, Kazakh dombra players, Kyrgyz komuzists, Turkmen dutarists, Uzbek, Tajik, Indonesian musical instruments).

V different genres folk music melos - as a recitative (Karelian, Rooney , Russian bilini, pivdeno-slov'yanskiy epos) to richly ornamental (lyrical songs to the near and middle-middle musical cultures), big-voiced (Polyrhythmic singing of voles in ensembles of African peoples, nimetska chorus chord, Georgian quarto-second and middle Russian under-voice polyphony, Lithuanian canonical sutartine ), rhythmics (Zokrema, rhythmic formulas, which enlightened the rhythm of typical labor and dancing rukhiv), scale-scale systems (from primitive vuzko-general scales to the rosy diatonics of "vil melodic harmony"). Riznomanitni also form stanzas, couplets (guys, symmetrical, asymmetric and in.), Creation in general. musical Folk creativityіsnu in monophonic (solo), antiphony (div. antiphon ), Ensemble, choral and orchestral forms. Types of choral and instrumental rich voice rіznomomanіtnі - from heterophony and Bourdon (the bass background sound uninterruptedly) to folding polyphonic and chord-like devices. Kozhna national folk music culture, which includes a system of musical and folklore dialects, set up with a whole musical style goal and one hour to get together with ін. Cultures in a large folklore and ethnographic spirituality (for example, in Europe - Scandinavian, Baltska, Karpatska, Balkanska, Srednomomorska, etc.).

The recording of folk music (in the 20th century. For additional sound recording technology), a special science discipline is involved - musical ethnography, and the preliminaries - ethnomusic studies (musical folklore).

On the basis of folk music, the winners are practically all national professional schools, which are legal for the culture of the folklore show of folklore decline - from the simplest images of folk melodies to the traditional folk music, folk music Have a modern musical practice Folk creativityє zaplіdnyuchoї power yak for the professional, so і for the new forms of self-made art.

In Russia, the largest expansion in the village, soldier, and factory middle was rejected by the dramas "Tsar Maximilian and the unconquerable sin Adolf", "Choven" rozіgruvali also dramas "Tsar Irod", "Yak French brave Moscow." For their type of stench, they are introduced to the houses of the tyrannical peoples of the tyrannical peoples, to heroic or so-called rozbiynitsky dramas. "Tsar Maximilian" is a small literary pershoderelo - the school drama "Vinets Dimitriya" (1704), which is based on "The Life of St. Dimitri"; Residual formations of tsikh p'єs are linked to the included in the text of fragments from the works of poets of the 18th century - 1st half of the 19th century - G.R.Derzhavin, K.N.Batyushkova, A.S. Pushkina, M. Yu. Lermontov, motives and images of popular novels. In Russia, there were also satirical paintings "Pan", "Goliy Pan", "Petrushka".

best characteristic feature folk theater (like the glamor of folklore art) є a sense of the cleverness of costumes and requisites, rucks and gestures; In the course of the manifestation, the actor without a mediocre splitting from the public, as she could give remarks, get involved in the show, direct him, and once and take in a new fate (play together with the chorus of viconauts, images in other scenes. The folk theater, as a rule, is not a stage or a decoration. The main interest in the new development of nema on the glybin of the characterization diyovykh osіb, And on the tragic or comic situations, the situation. Great significance may be the great monologues of the heroes, the victorious characters of the pisen (folk or specially folded for the present), ariy from the operas. In folk drama, there are two types of characters - dramatic (heroic or romantic) and comic. The first is a high-class style of beasts, monologues and dialogues, others - comic, parody priyomi, grasses. The tradition of performance in the folk theater has given birth to a special kind of theatrical performances, as they have renounced the style of the form. The event in Bagatyokh lands is called a traditional theater. Near the lands of Asia, since the founding hours, there have been broadening of folk-dancing pantomime vistavi. On this basis, the traditional theater of the peoples of Asia was formed: the theaters of wayang-topeng in Indonesia, Kolam on the island. Shri-Lanka (Ceylon), Kathakali in India and in.

The peculiarity of the artistic and victorious priyoms in the folk theater took in the performances of the professional theater and victorious by them (U. Shakespir, Mol'ar, K. Goldoni, A. N. Ostrovsky, E. De Filipo).

Folk dance - one of the found species Folk creativity Dance bov with a part of folk whistles at saints and fairs. The appearance of round dances and іn. Ritual dances are tied with folk rituals (Ceylon dance in the fire, Norwegian dance with resinos, words in a round dance, tied with rituals of curling birch, wicker winkling, burning bagat). Proceedingly from the ritual events, the round dance was reminiscent of a new zmist, which turned around in a new specialty. The people, who took care of the love, the creation, were imbedded in the dance with a guard over the creature's light. Figuratively and vividly conveyed the character and little animals, birds, domestic animals: the dance of the bizon among the Pivne American Indians, the Indonesian penchak (tiger), the Yakut dance of the weddy, the Pamirian, the Chinese pіvnyachiy bіy і ін. There are dances on those silskoy pratsi: the Latin dance of women, the Hutsul dance of the woodcutter, the Estonian dance of the shevts, the Bilorussian lianok, the Moldavian poame (grapes), the Uzbek shovkopryad, buttermilk (bavovna). With the appearance of a creative and factory practice, new folk dances are revealed: Ukrainian cooper, Nimetsky dance of skloduvs, Karelian "Yak tchut cloth" and ін. Folk dance is often brought up with the spirit of veneration, valor, heroism, performed in a stage battle ("ancient" dances of ancient Greeks, dance mystery dance with fencing prizes, Georgian horums, Georgian horums, Great place in the dance Folk creativity loan theme of love; a collection of tsі dancesі boules out of erotic; more dancers have appeared, as they twist the nobility of the sentient, the shanobly staged to the woman (Georgian kartuli , Rossiyska Baynovskaya quadrille , Polish Mazur).

The skin people had their own dance traditions, plastic movement, especially the coordination of rukhiv, priyomy and development of music with music; Some of the dance phrases are synchronous with musical phrases, while the others (Bulgarians) are not synchronous. dance people Western Europe Runt in Rusі nіg (hands and body yak bi їm companion), in the dances of the peoples of Middle Asia and ін. land The main thing is respect for the collapse of the hands and the body. At a folk dance, a panun is rhythmically cob, like a dancer (prevention, claps, dzvin kilets, dzvinochkiv). Bagato dances vikonuyutsya on the accompaniment of folk instruments, like dancers often trim in their hands (castanuti, tambourine, drum, doira, accordion, balalaika). Deyaki dances will be able to visit with the whimsical accessories (khustku, droplets, dish, bowl, bowl). A great infusion on the character of the vison of the costume: so, the smoothness of the movement of the Russian and Georgian dancers, dovga dovga cloth, so that the feet are curled up; a characteristic ruh in the Russian and Ugorsky cholovichy dance - see through the freebies of the hard chobits.

The development and popularity of folk dance in the SRSR were given the recognition of the new stage form - folk dance ensembles. In 1937, buv opening Folk dance ensemble SRSR , Yakiy having consolidated scenic folk dance in professional choreography. Elementy folk dance vikoristoyutsya in classical ballet. In all republics of the Radiansky Union, there are professional ensembles of folk dancing ensembles of music and dance ... Professional and amateur collectives of folk scenic dance expanded in the lands of the Usiy svit (div. dance ).

People's architecture, figuratively and decorative and applied arts, include the arts and crafts, buds (div. tree architecture
Constructive and formalizing the subject middle and giving the subject-aesthetic rotation of labor processes, by-side way of life, calendar and native rituals, Folk creativity From time to time, there was not much part of it to change the mode of folk life. In some rice Folk creativity quilting the norms of pratsi and pobutu, stumps and viruvannya, hanging up to the Neolithic and Bronze Age. best galery element Folk creativity to serve since long ago ornament , Yaky additional help to reach the organic unity of composition and highly interrelationship with the technique of vikonannya, the feeling of the subject, plastic form, natural beauty to the material. In some ornamental motifs, most of the few collection of mythological sensations ("svytovye tree", "great goddess" with maybutny, solar symbols), rice of the primordial evidence, mythological and magic abilities. Both ancient roots appear, for example, and in the folk arts, in which the rice of the primordial cult plastics is quilted. creators Folk creativity Often, a specific connection is drawn to those chi іnshim sounds, to be taken care of, if the memory of the cult nature is lost, or the mythological enlightenment of the person I call. We will explain and the German, the ephemerality of the objects Folk creativity(Malunki piskom, farbovany eggs), rooted on a periodical basis, rituals are regularly repeated.

On the vidminu from the "high" mystery of the suspicious tops, Folk creativity I don’t know the contrast artistic styles... In the course of this evolution, there are new motives, and the steps of stylization and the character of comprehension of the old motives are changing; The image, tied with the root manifestations about the light, acted in a narrow-minded sense (for example, in the new signs-amulets and signs by-item items) For the grati was repaired for a purely decorative role, so the shape of the object often became unimportant from the insignificant constructive and functional changes. Declaration of speeches in Folk creativity don’t get caught up in the preparatory model or a little one, but live in the witness and ruts of the master; with the whole result of this individual wines, how to produce the most rational robots, guilty of being accepted by the national team. By virtue of this, the tradition is conceived post-mortem, but if only a few of the specific changes are made. Found objects (for example, wood buckets at a pitching view) can be superbly close to nature; development of comprehension of these forms in Folk creativity, Sbering the first typology and figurative basis, combining them with the decisive elements of the advertising, decorative stylization, rational victors technical assistance and materials.

In the world of class differentiation of the suspension, there are changes of minds for the winners Folk creativity The service provider needs the lower spheres of the suspension and the collection is brought up to the home misty robot for yourself and before the Silsky craft. The appearance of a special folk dance appears in the same ancient mystery (for example, in votive subjects ital-etrusky cola, scho nagaduyu neoliticheskogo plastic). The cob monuments of the palace and the nave of the cult architecture are knitted with the simplest ancient images of the folk tree and stone architecture (Yegeysky megaron , Nimetskiy Halle)

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17 most beautiful views of the Russian folk art.

People's promises are the very ones that show our culture rich and unrepeatable. Designed objects, grasses and textiles take away from themselves foreign tourists in memory of our land.

As far as the skin of Russia is concerned, there is a vigorous kind of handicraft, and in all the materials they took most of them.

dimkovska igrashka

Dimkovskaya igrashka is a symbol of the Kirov region, which has grown up and has a long history. Get stuck out of the clay, dry and scorch in the oven. I will write it out by hand, it is a unique copy of the skin once it is flashed. Two identical games cannot be found.

Zhostovskaya Rozpis

On the tip of the 19th century in one of the Moscow villages of the city of the Troitsk Volost, the port of the Mitischinsky District, Vishnyakov's brothers lived, and took the stench to write lacquered metal pies, tsukornits, dads, During the last few years, artistic designs in the Zhostovo style began to gain popularity and respect at numerous exhibitions in our country and beyond the cordon.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma is one of the most beautiful Russian industries, which originated in the 17th century near Nizhny Novgorod. The price of decorative design of furniture and wooden utensils, as a love not only of the clerks of the Russian old times, ale and residents foreign lands.

Chimerically intertwined grassy grasses with yaskravo-chervonykh berries and golden leaves on black aphids can endlessly. That is to find the traditional wooden spoons, presented by the most insignificant drive, to forget the memory of the gift-giver after taking away the goodness itself.

Gorodotska Rozpis

Gorodotska rozpis іsnu from the middle of the 19th century. Yaskravі, laconic vіzerunki represent genres of stage, figurines of horses, birds, quilt ornaments. Rozpis vikonutsya vilnuyu brushstroke from the white and black graphical outlines, embellish strands, furniture, windows, doors.

filigran

Filigran is one of the found types of artistic metalwork. The elements of the filigree wedge are very popular: at the viglyadі motosechki, lace, wicker, yalinka, dorіzhki, smooth. Plenty of vikonuyuyutsya from even thinner gold or middle darts, to that look with light and screaming.

Ural malachite

From the genus of malachite - in the Urals, in Africa, in the Northern Australia and the USA, however, for the color and beauty of the malachite of foreign countries, it is impossible to grow up with the Urals. Tom malachite from the Urals gets involved in the newest market.

Gusevskoy kryshtal

Virobi, vigotovlenі at the kryshtalevіy zavodі of the town Gus-Khrustalny can be seen in the museums of usy svіtu. Tradition Russian souvenirs, objects for a pobut, services for a Christmas table, vitonished embellishments, boxes, statues manual robots visualize beauty native nature, Її. Especially popular is virobi from kolorovy kryshtal.

matrioshka

The round-headed and povnenka cheerful little girl in Khustin and Russian folk dress has grown up with the hearts of lovers of folk art and beautiful souvenirs all over the world.

The infection of a matrioshka is not just a folk girl, the keeper of the Russian culture: there is a memorial souvenir for tourists, on an apron, which are subtly decorated with games, scenes of cossacks and landscapes with significant memorials. Matryoshka has become an expensive object of collection, which can cost more than one hundred dollars.

financial

Vantazhny brooches, bracelets, pendants, smartly "vіyishli" in the current fashion - not just, like embellishment, prepared from the technology of finance. This is a view of the applied art in the 17th century in the Vologda region.

The Maystri were imagining on the bіlіy emalі kvіtkovі ornamentation, birds, animals for the additional bezlіchі farbs. Because of the mystery of barvy emale, it began to be absorbed, its step was monotonous in color: white, blue and green. Infected successfully to admit offense to the style.

Tula samovar

It is a great hour, the foreman of the Tula Zbroy Factory Fedir Lisitsin, who loves maystruvate well, never mind, and once he smashed a samovar. Then they made a samovar pawn, de sold midnie virobes, which were criminally successful.

Samovars Lisitsin were famous for their versatile forms and chilling: baril, vases with carbides and gravings, egg-shaped samovars, with cranes at the dolphin's viewer, with loop-like handles, writing.

Palekhsky miniature

Palekhskaia miniatura is a special, subtle, poetical bachelor of light, as it is in power of Russian folk traditions and songs. At the rose, brown-orange and bluish-green tones appear.

Palekhskaja rospis has no analogies in all the world. Wonder on the pap'є-mache and only then be transferred to the surface of the boxes of all kinds of shapes and sizes.

Gzhel

Gzhel kushch, an area of 27 silos, raztasovaniya pіd Moscow, famous for its clays, vidobutki which are conducted here from the middle of the 17th century. At 19 stolіttі Gzhel majstras became vipuskati semi-faience, faience and porcelain. Of particular interest to the tsikh pir are virobi, painted in one color - blue overglaze headlight, which is applied with penzel, with graphical prodding of details.

Pavlovo Posadski Shals

Yaskravі and lungs, zhіnіchnі Pavloposadskіe khustki are always fashionable. Tsei people's promises appeared in the end of the 18th century at the village of Pavlovo, where a scarf manufactory developed. On them, there were held shawls with a stuffed baby, which was even popular at that hour.

Introduced by the People's Artists creativity

The National Art Theater is the center of the people and the people in the folk masses of poetry, music, theater, dance, architecture, artistic and decorative arts. The collective artistic creativity is visually intrigued by labor activity, by-handed way of life, knowledge of life and nature, cult and corruption, as well as popular glances, ideals and pragmatism, poetry fantasy, thoughts, feelings People's artistic creativity is derived from the glimpse of artistic mastery of action, truthfulness of images, by the power of creative communication.

One of the forms of folk art. Including in itself, including the establishment and presentation of artistic creations by the forces of viconauts - lovers individually (spivaks, chitts, musicians, dancers, acrobats) or collectively (gurts, studios, folk theaters). In pre-Revolutionary Russia, amateur viconavtsy were accommodated in gurts and suspensions at clubs and gatherings. They were running out of work gurts, folk theaters, which were overwhelmed by suvorim control of the government.

Self-made art-nonprofessional artistic creativity of folk artists in imaginative and decorative - applied, musical, theatrical, choreographic and circus arts, cinema art, photography and inn. Artistic self-identity includes in itself the creation and presentation of artistic creations by the forces of amateurs, who are presented collectively or one at a time.

Collective of artistic self-help- the creativity of the union of lovers of one of the types of mystery, scho practice on voluntary huge ambushes at clubs or other cultural-mass institutions. Collective self-identity has a number of features. The price of a single device, cores, organs of self-production, as well as the addition of large and special women and interests of the participants of the self-made collective.

Daily signs of self-motivated creativity: voluntary participation in self-motivated collectives, innovation and activity of self-motivated participants, spiritual motivation of participants in self-motivated collectives, functional self-motivation Specific signs of self-motivated creativity: organization, visibility among participants in self-motivated special training to efficiency, lower, but not among professional teams.

amateur creativity- a unique social and cultural phenomenon, with a multi-type and multifunctional structure, as there is a power of power and artistic culture. Yak vіdomo, dozvіllja - a part of the vіlny hour, tied to the development of specialties, as vіkorystіvuyutsya for the cultivation, living up the values of spiritual culture, rozvag, other types of unregulated specialties

The art of self-reliance plays a great role in the right of aesthetic vikhovannya. Going to the mystery, the people develop their building and develop their beauty more beautifully, develop their cultural roots, develop spiritually. "Choreographic self-motivated collectives, vkonuyuchi zavdanya esthetic formuvannya osostosti, to serve as a master of ceremonies and educate. Tsi zavdanya virіsuyut by means of mystery dance", "Formation actively, spiritually rich" specialties - the metar of the very specialty of the theater itself. Fairly speaking, it is possible to bring it to any kind of amateur creativity. Whether it be spіv, tvіr or vikonannya music, participation in circus performances, the establishment of objects in imaginative and decorative and applied art, all the process of development of intellectual and extravagant cultural level of specialness.

"Artistic self-indulgence ... є not only by a school of art majesty, ale, - well, maybe, even more important, - by a school of life, a school of immenseness. In other words, we are good at being actively creative in its development. to myself in mystery, and the first for everything, I am a member of the staff, whose strength and talent are absolutely necessary and essential. "

Self-made art can be seen as a social-pedagogical value, as a system of functions: information-educational; Communicative; social, as a revenge in the artistic product ethical values, norms, ideals, characteristic of the development of the culture of the ages, so that the decline in the mind, the generation of the translucency of the future aesthetically, I do not remember anything about the beautiful in the life of the society, in the outside, in the movement, plasticity, forms; vikhovna, for the development and development of spiritual values and the need for specialness.

Through the forms of artistic self-identity, there is a lot to be seen in what the interaction of folklore and professional art, їх viconauts, aesthetic norms, technical prizes, etc.

folklore- folk creativity, most often you fall asleep; the artist is collective, the creativeness of the people, which depicts their life, look, ideals; stems from the people and from the folk in the folk masses of poetry (perekazi, songs, parts, anecdotes, kazki, epos), folk music (music, instrumental naspi and p'usi), theater (drama, satirical, theater, dance) architecture, imaginative and decorative and applied art.

value

Folk art, which originated in the distant past, is the historical basis of all light artistic culture, dzherelo national artistic traditions, a defiance of national self-awareness. Deyak presenters bring to folk art also all kinds of non-professional art (self-made art, including folk theaters).

More precisely, the term “folklore” is important, since the form of folk art is not invisible and ossified. Folklore is constantly in the process of developing and evolving: Chastooshkas can be seen by the museum itself, and the music of folk music can be played on the accompaniment of modern musical instruments by those who are new That application can be used to input computer graphics, etc.

typology of folklore

Folklore is shared by two groups- ritual and non-ritual. Before ceremonial folklore, the following is referred to: calendar folklore (carols, oil songs, vesnyanki), family folklore (native perekazi, koliskovs, wedding songs, voices), vypadkovy (snakes, calls, chants) Non-ritual folklore continues into chotiri groups: folklore drama, poetry, prose and folklore of modern situations. Before the folklore drama are: Petrushka Theater, Nativity Drama, Religin Drama.

Before the folklore trip: Bilina, historical song, Spiritual virsh, lyrical song, balada, violent romance, part, childish verses (virsovani parody), sadistic verses. Folklore prose is known to last in two groups: Kazkov and non-fabulous. Before the Kazakh prose, it should be introduced: Kazakh (yaka, in his own devil, buvaє chotiroh types: Charivna Kazka, Kazka about tvarin, pobutova kazka, cumulative kazka) and anecdote. To the non-fabulous prose, one can relate to: a rejection, a legend, a bile, a mythological statement, a statement about a dream. Before the folklore of the modern situations, it is possible to refer to: admitting, ordering, good fortune, proklyoni, prisiska, dredgers, dialogue graphs, riddles, squashers and deyaki inshi. Learn and write letters to form folklore, such as sheets of happiness, graphics, albums (for example, pictures).

Folk creativity artistic, folk art, folklore, artistic creativity, the spirit of the working people; It was established by the people and in the folk masses of poetry, music, theater, dance, architecture, figurative and decorative and applied art. In collective artistic creativity, the people revive their work with strength, a suspenseful and casual way of life, knowledge of life and nature, cults and corruption. At N. t., Who was taught in the course of a suspicious labor practice, in looking at, ideals and praying to the people, his poetical imagination, a rich light of thought, feeling, experiencing, protest against exploitation and oppression, the world about the world. It took in the richness of the knowledge of the folk masses, N. t.

Naybagatshi images, those, motives, forms of N. t. Vinikayut in a folding dialectical unity of individual (hocha, as a rule, anonymous) creativity and collective artistic character. The folk collective of the capital of vidbirak, udoskonalu and zbagachuє znaydenі okremami rіshennya majstras. The onset, style of artistic traditions (within the framework of which, in its own way, special creativity is manifested) to admit the versatility, versatile reincarnation of these traditions in the surrounding creations.

Collectiveness of N. t., Warehouse and its permanent basis and non-human tradition, appear in the course of the whole process of forming creation of any type. The whole process, which includes the empowerment, the consolidation of the tradition, the further elaboration, the refining and the hour of updating the tradition, will appear superstitiously long in the hours. It is typical for all types of N. t., That the creators create є at once by the viconauts, and the viconny, in his own house, can be found in the options, so that the tradition can be taken over; It is also an important contact of visitors with a mystery of people who themselves can be seen as participants in the creative process. To the main rice N. t. To lay over and overtake inseparability, high artistic unity of these types: poetry, music, dance, theater, decorative art were angry in folk ritual activities; in folk life, architecture, construction, design, ceramics, vishivka were used to create an insignificant value; folk poetry is closely tied to music and its own rhythm, musicality, and the character of the show of great creatures, such as the musical genre, wake up to the poetry, laborious rucks, dances. Create and navichki N. t. Bezposeredno pass from generation to generation.

N. t. Became the historical basis of all light artistic culture. Yogo principals, the most traditional forms, vid and partial images originated long ago in the minds of the pre-class suspension, if all the mystery was given to the creation and to the people (Div. first-rate mystery ). With the social development of the people, the form of the class suspension, the development of the practical steps to see the professionalism "visoka", "vchene" mystery. N. t. Takozh set up a special layer of light artistic culture. In the new one sees the development of the social wickedness of the ball, tied with the class differentiation of the suspension, and even to the ear of the capitalist period of N. t. Organizational connection with the fundamental principles to the people, the poetical purpose of being brought up to the light, without interruption to the process of enriching the high artistic level of the folk art. Prior to that, N. t. Virobilo was a special form of specialization, the decline in the number of majors and newcomers.

N. t. Riznykh, often far away from one people of the same people, without wine rice and motives, which were found in other minds, or even seduced from the zalous dzherel. At the same time, M. t. Stolittyi absorbed the peculiarities of the national life, the culture of the skin people. Vono has preserved its life-style labor basis, having been deprived of the dzherel of the national culture, the viraznik of national self-awareness. It brought the strength and strength to N. t.For all the light mystery, forgive me the works of F. Rabelais and V. Shakespeare, A. Pushkin, M. A. Nekrasov, P. Bruegel and F. Goya, M. I ... Glinki and M.P. Mussorgsky. At his hand, N. t. Bagato took the form of a "lofty" mystery, as well as a versatile twist - from the classic pediments on the village huts to folk songs to the words of great poets. N. t. Preserved the value of the revolutionary attitudes of the people to fight for their freedom.

In the minds of capitalism, having consumed in the sphere of bourgeois suspension-economical wines, N. t. Growing up in the land is unsettled. Bagato yogo gіlki degrade, grow up to know or perebuvayut under the threat of vitisnennya; They are consuming their valuable rice by industrializing themselves or getting close to the market. At the 19 st. Growth of national self-confidence, democratic and national-visibility, the development of romanticism awaken interest to N. t. In the end of the 19th - 20th century. to take advantage of the infusion of folklore into the culture of the people, to introduce deyakis into the galuzy of N. t., to organize museums and support for their protection. At the same time, the state and private patronage is often ordered by N. t. Commerce targets, the interests of the "Tourism Industry", for whom I cultivate in the new most archaic rice and religious survivors.

In the socialist support of the branch, give it a thought for the protection and development of N. t.; inherited and maintained national folk traditions, taken over by the ideas of socialism, the pathos of imagining new things, changing action; N. t. To be corroded by a systematic pedagogical state and huge organizations, and the majisters are awarded prizes and honors. It has been created by the fringes of scientific-pre-ancient institutions - institutes and museums, which can be used to promote N. t. Bagato traditional genre N. t. Vidmiyut (for example, ceremonial folklore, serpents, folk drama), ala інші know a new place in life. Population and new forms of art culture of folk masses. develop intensively self-made art (Hori, choreographic collectives, folk theaters, etc.), which is my nature, not N. t. Creations for the rich capital of the high-mindedness of N. t. Saving the significance of the ever-living cultural decline, the treasury of artistic news of the folk masses.

Narodna poetic creativity - the mass of verbal artistic creativity of that chi other people; the supremacy of yogo types and forms, which is known in the current scientific term, maє i іn. name - folk literature, sleepy literature, folk poetry, folklore. Verbal art creativity is in the process of forming human movi. Even at the early stages, the development of the suspension is tightly knitted from it. By the types of humanity, the imaginative cobs of their knowledge and religious-mythological manifestations. In the process of social differentiation of the suspension of the winery, the development of the form and form of verbal creativity, as the representation of the interest of the growing suspension groups and prosharkiv. Nayvazhliv_shu role in the development of the creative work of the laboring folk masses. With the appearance of writing, the literature is historically tied with N. to sleep.

Collectiveness of usnoi N. t. (This does not mean only the rotation of thoughts and the feeling of the collective, but more for everything - the process of collective establishment and expansion) the intelligence of the variability, that is, the ministry of texts in the process of mixing them up. With a lot of snakes, they could be even more dynamic - from insignificant stylistic options until I think about it. In the memory, as well as in the version of the texts, the role of playing the original stereotypical formulas is significant - so called the out-of-the-box story, connected with the singing plot situations, to move from the text to the text (for example, the form in the saddle-lines - ).

In the process of running the genre of verbal N. t. Experiencing the "productive" and "unproductive" period ("wiki") of their history (recognition, expansion, part of the mass repertoire, old, extinguishing), that culturally-pobutova zinami in the suspension. The style of popping up folklore texts from the folk can be explained not only by the artistic value, but by the power of change in the way of living, the glances, the tastes of the main creators and keepers - the villagers. Texts of folklore works of ethnic genres in minli (however, in the stage of development). However, in general, tradition is in N. t. Nabagato is more powerful than in professional literary creativity.

Collectiveness of verbal N. t. Does not mean zezno-isolation: talented mainstream actively poured not only on the stem, but on the widening, thoroughly or attached texts to the needs of the collective. In the minds of the priesthood of vicarious professors N. t. (Dawnyogretskі rhapsody і Aedi , Russian buffoons , Ukrainian kobzar , Kazakh and Kyrgyz akini etc.). In the lands of the Near Descent and Middle Asia, in the Caucasus, there were transitional forms of verbal N. t. for example, Toktogul Satilganov in Kyrgyzstan, Sayat-Nova in Virmenia).

The wealth of genres, themes, images, poetics of verbal N. t. Is ampled with the versatility of his social and by-beat functions, rozpovіdannya, rozіgruvannya, dialogue, etc.). In the course of history, the genre's deyaky became aware of the sutta wines, they knew, they were new. In the found period, the majority of peoples have experienced childbirth, labor and rituals, serpents. Piznіshe win charіvnі, pobutovі kazki, kazki about tvarin, pre-state (archaic) form epos ... In the period of the formation of statehood, the classic heroic epos was formed, because of the victorious history пісні , baladi ... An out-of-the-ordinary lyric song has also been formulated, romance , ditty і ін. small lyrical genres і, nareshty, working folklore (revolutionary songs, usnі razpovіdі, etc.).

Unimportant on the national level, the creation of verbal N. t. The native peoples, rich in motives, images and themes are similar in them. For example, close two-thirds of the plots of the Kazakhs of the European peoples may be paralleled in the Kazakhs. People, scho viclikano or development from one dzherel, or cultural interaction, or the events of similar appearances on the ground of the outward laws of social development.

Right up to the late feudal era and the period of capitalism in the language of N. t. Become active in literature, less earlier, penetrate the folk middle (for example, "V'yazen" and "Chorna Shal" by A. Pushkin, "peddlers" by N. A. Nekrasov; div. Vilna Russian Poetry , Lubkova Literature ). Z in. Boku, the creativity of the folk cossacks nabuva deyakі rice literary (indivіalіzatsіya characterіv, psychologism, etc.). The socialist support has accessibility to education without giving the opportunity to open the door to the bestowal and creative professionalism of the most gifted people. Riznomanitni forms of mass verbal and artistic culture (creativity of artists, parts, tvir intermedia and satirical scenes, etc.) are developed in close contact with professional socialist mystics; In the middle of them, the singing role is to continue the development of the traditional form of the verbal N. T. Bagatov's thought has given the inevitable artist the value and the triviality of the idea of such pictures, cuts, etc. relish, beaten. Tsim is poured over and a glib inflow of verbal N. t. On the development of literature. M. Gorky said: "... An ear of masterful words - in folklore" ("About Literature", 1961, p. 452). About the records of N. t., Yogo vivchenny and methodological principles of vivchennya divas. folklore .

Folk music (musical folklore) - vocal (more importantly), instrumental and vocal-instrumental collective creativity of the people; Bytuє, as a rule, in non-written forms and passed on to the Vikonavskiy traditions. Being nadbannyam all the people, musical N. t. Isnu the chief rank of the head of the viconavsky mystery of talented nuggets. Such among the ethnic peoples kobzar , Guslyar (div. gusli ), buffoon , ashug , akin , Kyushi (div. kui ), bakhshi , Gusan , hafiz , Olonkhosut (div. olonkho ), aed , juggler , minstrel , shilman і ін. Rounds of folk music, yak and ін. mystics, come from the prehistoric past. The musical traditions of the rural suspension formations are viciously stylish, tenacious. In the dermal historical era, create more and more ancient and transformed creations, as well as re-created on the basis of this. In the sukupnostі stench, they establish so the titles of traditional musical folklore. This is the basis of the storehouse of the music of the peasantry, like a trivial hour of taking the rice of a unique independence and in general being derived from the music, tied to the greater youth, writing traditions. The main types of musical N. t. - пісні , Epic messages (for example, Russian bilini , Yakutsk olonkho), dance melodies, dance adjustments (for example, Russian parts ), Іnstrumentalnі p'єsi і naspіvi (signals, dances). Kozhen tvir of musical folklore is represented by a whole system of stylistic and semantically native variants, which characterize the changes of folk music in the process of vikonannya.

The richness of the genre of folk music is the result of versatility and life functions. Muzyka supervodzhuvala all the work and family life of the peasant: the calendar of the holy richeskoe zemlerobsky stake ( carols , freckles , Maslyans, kupalski pisnі), polovі robots (mowing, stubbling pictures), people, wesіllya (koliskovі and wіllnі pictures), death (funeral crying voices). Among the cattle people, the bulls were tied to the tamed horses, the corral of thinness, etc. Pіznіshe naybіlshy rozvitok in folklorі vsіh narodіv otrimali lіrichnі genre, de on zmіnu simple, short naspіvam labor, ceremonial, tantsyuvalnih i epіchnih pіsen abo іnstrumentalnі nagravannya coming rozgornutі i hour skladnі for Form muzichnі іmprovіzatsії - vokalnі (napriklad, rosіyska broaching pіsnya, rumunska i moldavska doina ) І instrumental (for example, software programs of Transcarpathian violinists, Bulgarian cavalry players, Kazakh dombra players, Kyrgyz komuzists, Turkmen dutarists, Uzbek, Tajik, Indonesian musical instruments).

Rіznomanіtni tipi were common among the genres of folk music melos - as a recitative (Karelian, Rooney , Russian bilini, pivdeno-slov'yanskiy epos) to richly ornamental (lyrical songs to the near and middle-middle musical cultures), big-voiced (Polyrhythmic singing of voles in ensembles of African peoples, nimetska chorus chord, Georgian quarto-second and middle Russian under-voice polyphony, Lithuanian canonical sutartine ), rhythmics (Zokrema, rhythmic formulas, which enlightened the rhythm of typical labor and dancing rukhiv), scale-scale systems (from primitive vuzko-general scales to the rosy diatonics of "vil melodic harmony"). Riznomanitni also form stanzas, couplets (guys, symmetrical, asymmetric and in.), Creation in general. Musical N. t. Isnu in monophonic (solo), antiphony (div. antiphon ), Ensemble, choral and orchestral forms. Types of choral and instrumental rich voice rіznomomanіtnі - from heterophony and Bourdon (the bass background sound uninterruptedly) to folding polyphonic and chord-like devices. Kozhna national folk music culture, which includes a system of musical and folklore dialects, set up with a whole musical style goal and one hour to get together with ін. Cultures in a large folklore and ethnographic spirituality (for example, in Europe - Scandinavian, Baltska, Karpatska, Balkanska, Srednomomorska, etc.).

On the basis of folk music, the winners are practically all national professional schools, which are legal for the culture of the folklore show of folklore decline - from the simplest images of folk melodies to the traditional folk music, folk music In the modern musical practice of N. t. Є with late force, both for the professional, and for the new forms of self-made art.

people musical instruments , Created by the people and broadened in their musical practice, there can be either one nation (for example, Ukrainian bandura, Georgian chonguri), or living with different peoples, tied between themselves by ethnically tricky cultural extensions for Russians and Bilorus; in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, however, the same is more common for all instruments). In the popular prototypes, with their turns, go all the professional musical instruments.

The folk theater, which is in the forms organically linked with the sleepy folk art, originated in the distant past: in the games, as the super-juvenile and earthly saints, the elements of the re-translation were conceived. Theatrical performance of the festival is present in the calendar and family rites (Christmas ryadzhen, wedding, etc.). In the process of historical development in dramatic actions, creativity is feigned, the ear is played: win the game, the parody of the fun rite (for example, the Russian gra-comedy "Pakhomushka"), funeral rite (funeral rite) Some actions served as a basis for all peoples for the development of a folk theater and drama. The Svitovu folk theater has developed a theater of living actors and Lyalok theater , Often named after the name of the hero of the vistavi ( parsley in Russia, Punch in England, Pulcinela in Italy, Kashparek in Czech and ін.). Russian theater Petrushka bully close Ukrainian nativity scene , biloruska batleyka ... The development of forms of folk lyalki to the theater began in the form of views of lyaloks, systems of management (reeds, marionettes - lyalki on strings - і ін.). People's theaters of lyalok played p'usi, replayed tales and legends, and sketched “wandering plots” - p'usi about Don Juan, Doctor Faust. Before the folk theater, the same kind of goodness is given to the name of the district (showing of ruddy pictures in the superconduct of drama to the text).

People's theater in a wide sense of non-professional, protest, all peoples have their own fahivtsi theatrical right: my , Western European shilmani , juggle , Russian buffoons , And also actor-lalkari rіznih lands... They were united in groups (in Russia they were called "mobs"), the stench was puffing through the towns and villages. The repertoire was composed of folklore promenade, as well as the rework of professional p'es and іn. literary works... Appearing to the folk theater, Mali invoke the social and political directness of the state, which was followed by the church and the state. People's actors often contributed light realist elements to the manifestation of religious dramas (middle mystery ). Critically placed on the people before the representatives of the feudal nobility and the mixed bourgeoisie manifested itself in farce ... Traditions of farce and carnival were prepared to appear comedy del arte .

Naybіlsh characteristic peculiarity of the folk theater (like the glamor of folklore art) є the intelligence of costumes and requisites, rucks and gestures; In the course of the manifestation, the actor without a mediocre splitting from the public, as she could give remarks, get involved in the show, direct him, and once and take in a new fate (play together with the chorus of viconauts, images in other scenes. The folk theater, as a rule, is not a stage or a decoration. The main interest in the new development is not on the level of the openness of the characters of the various individuals, and on the tragedy or comic situations, the situation. Great significance may be the great monologues of the heroes, the victorious characters of the pisen (folk or specially folded for the present), ariy from the operas. In folk drama, there are two types of characters - dramatic (heroic or romantic) and comic. The first is a high-class style of beasts, monologues and dialogues, others - comic, parody priyomi, grasses. The tradition of performance in the folk theater has given birth to a special kind of theatrical performances, as they have renounced the style of the form. The event in Bagatyokh lands is called a traditional theater. Near the lands of Asia, since the founding hours, there have been broadening of folk-dancing pantomime vistavi. On this basis, the traditional theater of the peoples of Asia was formed: the theaters of wayang-topeng in Indonesia, Kolam on the island. Shri-Lanka (Ceylon), Kathakali in India and in.

Folk dance is one of the found species of N. t. The dance will be partly folk dance at saints and fairs. The appearance of round dances and іn. Ritual dances are tied with folk rituals (Ceylon dance in the fire, Norwegian dance with resinos, words in a round dance, tied with rituals of curling birch, wicker winkling, burning bagat). Proceedingly from the ritual events, the round dance was reminiscent of a new zmist, which turned around in a new specialty. The people, who took care of the love, the creation, were imbedded in the dance with a guard over the creature's light. Figuratively and vividly conveyed the character and little animals, birds, domestic animals: the dance of the bizon among the Pivne American Indians, the Indonesian penchak (tiger), the Yakut dance of the weddy, the Pamirian, the Chinese pіvnyachiy bіy і ін. There are dances on those silskoy pratsi: the Latin dance of women, the Hutsul dance of the woodcutter, the Estonian dance of the shevts, the Bilorussian lianok, the Moldavian poame (grapes), the Uzbek shovkopryad, buttermilk (bavovna). With the appearance of a creative and factory practice, new folk dances are revealed: Ukrainian cooper, Nimetsky dance of skloduvs, Karelian "Yak tchut cloth" and ін. Folk dance is often brought up with the spirit of veneration, valor, heroism, performed in a stage battle ("ancient" dances of ancient Greeks, dance mystery dance with fencing prizes, Georgian horums, Georgian horums, Great place in dancing N. t. Loans the theme of love; a collection of tsі dancesі boules out of erotic; more dancers have appeared, as they twist the nobility of the sentient, the shanobly staged to the woman (Georgian kartuli , Rossiyska Baynovskaya quadrille , Polish Mazur).

The skin people had their own dance traditions, plastic movement, especially the coordination of rukhiv, priyomy and development of music with music; Some of the dance phrases are synchronous with musical phrases, while the others (Bulgarians) are not synchronous. The dances of the people of Western Europe are grounded in Rusi nig (hands and body yak bi їm companions), in the dances of the people of Middle Asia and ін. Land For descent, the main respect is to come to the hands and the body. At a folk dance, a panun is rhythmically cob, like a dancer (prevention, claps, dzvin kilets, dzvinochkiv). Bagato dances vikonuyutsya on the accompaniment of folk instruments, like dancers often trim in their hands (castanuti, tambourine, drum, doira, accordion, balalaika). Deyaki dances will be able to visit with the whimsical accessories (khustku, droplets, dish, bowl, bowl). A great infusion on the character of the vison of the costume: so, the smoothness of the movement of the Russian and Georgian dancers, dovga dovga cloth, so that the feet are curled up; a characteristic ruh in the Russian and Ugorsky cholovichy dance - see through the freebies of the hard chobits.

The development and popularity of folk dance in the SRSR were given the recognition of the new stage form - folk dance ensembles. In 1937, buv opening Folk dance ensemble SRSR , Yakiy having consolidated scenic folk dance in professional choreography. Elementy folk dance vikoristoyutsya in classical ballet. In all republics of the Radiansky Union, there are professional ensembles of folk dancing ensembles of music and dance ... Professional and amateur collectives of folk scenic dance expanded in the lands of the Usiy svit (div. dance ).

People's architecture, figuratively and decorative and applied arts, include the arts and crafts, buds (div. tree architecture , git ), Home stuffing and casual setting (div. wood in mystic, Zalizo , ceramics , painter's varnishes , furniture , mid , sudini artist, Sklo ), Odyag і fabrics (div. embroidery , Kilim , kilim , deadly , stuff , Odyag , textile artists ), igrashki , splint etc. Until the number of the most important artistic and technical processes, expanded in N. t., pottery , weaving , development of the artist , rospis decorative , kuvannya , littya artist , engraving , karbuvannya etc. People's architecture and decorative and applied art should lie down to the material virobnity, be absolutely creative in nature; There is a sense of anger in them, aesthetic and utilitarian functions, figurative misleading and technical wines.

Constructive and formalizing the subject of the middle and giving the subject-aesthetic twist of labor processes, the by-pass way of life, calendar and native rituals, N. t. In okremikh rice N. t. Follow the norms of pratsi and pobutu, stumps and viruvannya, vyshіdnі to neolіtu and bronze vіku. Nybilsh as a backbone element of N. t. Serve as a long time ago ornament , Yaky additional help to reach the organic unity of composition and highly interrelationship with the technique of vikonannya, the feeling of the subject, plastic form, natural beauty to the material. In some ornamental motifs, most of the few collection of mythological sensations ("svytovye tree", "great goddess" with maybutny, solar symbols), rice of the primordial evidence, mythological and magic abilities. Both ancient roots appear, for example, and in the folk arts, in which the rice of the primordial cult plastics is quilted. To the creators of N. t. Often the specific link with those chi іnshim calls is in power. We will explain and explain the Germanity, the ephemerality of the items of N. t.

On the vidminu of the "high" mystery of the suspicious tops, N. t. I do not know the contrasting changes of artistic styles. In the course of this evolution, there are new motives, and the steps of stylization and the character of comprehension of the old motives are changing; the image, tied with the roots of evidence about light, acted as a narrow-minded sense (for example, in the new signs-amulets and signs-spells, they adorned some objects) or repaired the grati for a purely decorative role, and so I often designed the object form -functional changes. Revealed about speeches in N. t. Zazvychay does not get locked into the preparation model, but rather a little one, but lives in the witness and ruts of the maister; with the whole result of this individual wines, how to produce the most rational robots, guilty of being accepted by the national team. By virtue of this, the tradition is conceived post-mortem, but if only a few of the specific changes are made. Found objects (for example, wood buckets at a pitching view) can be superbly close to nature; the development of the understanding of these forms in N. t.

In the world of class differentiation of the suspension, there are changes in the minds for the winery of N. t., Who will serve as servicemen to consume the lower spheres of the suspension and from a collection of homemade artistic robots for themselves and to the industrial craft. The appearance of a special folk dance appears in the same ancient mystery (for example, in votive subjects ital-etrusky cola, scho nagaduyu neoliticheskogo plastic). The cob monuments of the palace and the nave of the cult architecture are knitted with the simplest ancient images of the folk tree and stone architecture (Yegeysky megaron , Nimetskiy hall), with portable veins of kochoviks, etc., ale then quickly go to the way of the city and garden life of the folk architecture, as a service in the main village by the village (living room, sarayk, komora) ...

In the middle Europe, the feudal-ecclesiastical culture defended the preservation of the cultural tradition of the clan harmony, the state and political isolation, the cult of the mythical gods; virazom tsiogo old folk strumin in the middle mystery animal style ... Narodny svitoglyad, with special purity, vyrazilsya in yazychnitsky embellishments, amulets, in the monuments, like with butts of folk culture injected into the court and church (such relєfi Volodymyr-Suzdal school , Grotesque plastic of Roman and Gothic churches, ornamentation of manuscripts). However nerozvinenіst inventory penny vіdnosin, Slabko diferentsіatsіya forms pobutu and takozh printsipova anonіmnіst serednovіchnogo Mistetstvo i blizkіst Yogo maystrіv to national seredovischі not spriyali tsіlkovitogo vіdokremlennya N. t. We kraїnah, pіznіshe entered into Rann stadіyu rozvitku, zokrema in serednovіchnіy Rusі, podіbna situatsіya zberіgaєtsya right up to the end of 17 - the cob of 18 tbsp. At the edges of the descent, especially in the early (up to the 19th and 20th centuries), they kept a middle-aged way of life, all decorative and applied arts were very much perfected by folk handicrafts and high-rise N. t. in the imaginative and artistic series of the countries, the popular strumin (Chinese, Japanese, Indian popular print) is strong. Nareshty, in the lands, which survived the colonization, the basis for N. t. Zazvichay served as the ancient tubular culture, which would have absorbed rich rice of the brought cultures.

For the distribution of feudalism and the guild system, work is done on the market of folk art craft; the managers of the N. of t., still retaining a tight connection with the people's beggar, will master new types of products, new forms and those. From the side of the art, the emergence of artistic individuality and the cult of ancient mystery, which were laid down in the era of Renaissance, to produce until N. t. Narodna art culture- create a religious painting (votive paintings, ikoni, writing on the slope, the sculpture is rosefarbovana), which grows wildly from the 16-17 century. (Especially in the lands of the Catholic cult), decorated with saintly, popular prints, with the new archaism of forms, - I can already use the system, below the Vishukan, for an innovative, independent vitvory of the "high" mystery; analogous distribution of wine and in the style of items by the way. Tsei opening the mensh is visible there, de folklore elements deeply penetrate the culture of the privileged faiths and the church. In Russia, it manifested itself, for example, in the architecture of the palace in the village. Kolomenskoy (17th century), Three great number of forms of folk wooden architecture, and in the regions Latin America- in the decor of the Baroque church, picking rice paintings of pre-Columbian civilizations. In the 17th and 18th centuries. in N. t. there is a weak ideographic ear. In Russian motives, now everywhere there is symbolic-geometric vіzerunki, decorative mode of old vіlnіshe, rіznomanіtnіshoyu. N. t. Pronikau has more and more new warnings, bit-by-word plots, growing up to the Kazakh-folklore comprehension of the life of the other spheres of the suspension, to the suspicion of the forms of pan-style styles, the mathematics of labor of the texture of expensive However, new motives and forms (renaissance, baroque, empire) penetrate into N. t. In total for 17 - ear of 19 tbsp. to bring the era of the development of N. t., which gave a superb distribution of their types and forms. Tsomu was equipped with N. t. Earlier inaccessible to them materials and tools, new technical possibilities, broadening the horizons of folk artists, development of folk lyricism and satire.

At the 19 st. to develop intensively artistic handicraft all are more drawn into the system of capitalistic economy; Commodity handicraft in large regions is left behind as a conservative domestic one. At Russia Pislya 1861 folk artists promisli nabuvaut the character of private meysterns, as they move to the All-Russian market. The university of specialization of industries, efficient distribution of processes and standardization of motives for people to use different types of forms, borderingly angry with the virtual receptions of technical performance (within an hour's reach of the machine); With a whole workmanship, mechanically, there is no mainstreamness, all part of the creative work. They enjoy the imagery of masculine and anti-artistic products, unmistakably technical and natural principles for folklore. Compositions, previously strictly organized, filled with meaningful associations, become more vivid, a little less logical. The tempera painting of the Farbi is characterized by being ol_ine, and from one by one; folk icon and splint wither oleography ; in plasticity, the volume-subject form is incorporated into architecture. The image and the ornament, which used to be angry with the picture, now look like a picture pasted on the surface. Okremi galusies, which do not stand out in competition with cheap factory virobs, do not fall asleep, but they do not grow and expand, they do not show the good technology, the style of the industrial commerce and the ideas of the professional machine tool In a number of countries, such as mali, before the naybagatshim N. t. (England, Dania, Niderlandi), it is more likely to grow in in the districts But they have saved the strained layers of the middle culture (the provinces in Russia, Brittany in France, Tyrol in Austria, Slovakia, Balkan lands, Spain, Sicily in Italy).

From the middle of the 19th century, Slid for the knowledge of the value of verbal folklore, in the ranks of the regions of interest and to the folk decorative art. For every hour, the aesthetics of N. t. (Yak national, and exotic), its barvism and rhythm are more and more infused into the professional architecture, figuratively and decorative art. To fix the collection of collections of N. t., Gromadic organizations and patrons of the arts, to develop a number of new industries and to organize new ones. A special range of activities was carried out at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. in extended style "Modern" and associated with him national romantic trends. However, imposing the idea of easel-type on the people's masters, the artists and theorists of "modern" most often revealed the unreasonable specifics of N. t. in the ranks of the capitalist lands, navpaks, they were afraid to try to bring the folk sculpture and ornament to an abstract painting.

Create a funky N. t. Wear in the main character of decorative virobes and souvenirs, figuratively inform about the freedom of folk culture of this kind; zavdyaky their obviously handicraft respect the stink of rice national traditions and without a middle population, I am mainly standardized by industrial means. Folk arts and crafts play an important role in the economy of the country, as it develops. In the Bagatio regions (the first for everything in the USSR and the Socialist Powers) there is a need to protect the people's industries and іх artistic freedom, The dіyalnіstіnіy mіstіrіv want to hunt for additional competitions and shows, professional and technical schools and colleges prepare artists and viconavtsіv. For the participation of pre-scientific institutes and museums, the tradition and education of N. t., Zokrem, from Tim, to see virobi and decorative priyomi, to sound happy life, can be learned. N. t. Nadaє unremittingly pouring in on the artist's prominence, in addition to helping to know the most varied forms and decor of by-word speech; okremi risi N. t. live in the creations of self-made maestros, as well as professional artists, such as vikoristovuyu to see the folk art. In the SRCR, a number of quieted folk industries have evolved, a lot of new developments have been taken out and linked to the national life of the organization (for example, the number of centers of the iconography have become universally visible centers of varnish). In the versatile types and genres of Radiansky N. t. Dbaylive, the preservation of folk traditions will share the breadth of interests and active spirits of radiant action.

For N. t. Riznyh peoples see Rozdili Literature, Architecture and creative arts, Music, Ballet, Drama Theater, Circus in articles about the surrounding lands and about republics of the USSR.

Lit.: Chicherov V. I., K. Marx and F. Engels about folklore. Bibliographic materials, in books: Radianskiy folklore, No. 4-5, M. - L., 1934; Bonch-Bruєvich V.D., V.I. Lenin about Usniy People's Creativity, "Radianska Ethnography", 1954, No. 4; Lenin's spadschina and vivchennya folklore, L., 1970. Propp V. Ya., Specificity of folklore, in book: Pratsi juvileynoi naukovoi sesiya LDU. Section of Philological Sciences, L., 1946; yogo zh, Folklore and action, "Russian Literature", 1963, No. 3; Chicherov V.I., Nutrition of the theory and history of folk creativity, M., 1959; Gusєv V. Є., Aesthetics of folklore, L., 1967; Bogatirov P.G., Nutrition of the theory of folk art, M., 1971; Kravtsov N.I., Problems of Slov'yan folklore, M., 1972; Chistov KV Specifics of folklore in light theory and information, "Nutrition of Philosophy", 1972, No. 6; Schulze F. W., Folklore ..., Halle / Saale, 1949; Cocchiara G., Storia del folklore in Europa, Torino, 1952 (Russian translation - M., 1960); Corso R., Folklore, 4th ed., Napoli, 1953; Thompson S., Motifindex of folk-literature, v. 1-6, Bloomington 1955-58; Aarne A. The types of the folktale. A classification and bibliography, 2 ed., Hels., 1964; Krappe A. H., The science of folklore, N. Y., 1964; Bausinger H., Formen der "Volkspoesie", B., 1968; Vrabile G., Folclorul. Obiect. Principii. Metodă. Categorii, Buc., 1970.

Meltsi M. Ya., Russian folklore. Bіblіografіchny pokazchik, 1945-1959, L., 1961; the same 1917-1944, L., 1966; the same 1960-1965, L., 1967; Z. I. Kushnereva, Folklore of the peoples of the SRSR. Bibliographic dzherela Russian language (1945-1963), M., 1964; Volkskundliche BibliogrgIphie B, -Lpz., 1919-957; [Continued], in: Internationale volkskundliche BibliogrgIphie Bonn, 1954-70.

B. Bartok, Navishcho and Iak to pick folk music [trans. z ugor.], M., 1959; Kvitka K.V., Fav. pratsi ..., t. 1, M., 1971-1973; Narisi musical culture peoples of Tropical Africa, Sat. Art., comp. i ter. L. Golden, M., 1973; Bose F., Musika Ilische Vö lkerkunde, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1953; Nettl B., Theory and method in ethnomusicology L. 1964; Bră iloiu S. Folklore musical, in yogo book .: CEuvres, v. 2, Buc., 1969, p. 19-130.

Alfiorov A.D., Petrushka і th ancestors, M., 1895: Onchukov N.E., Pivnіchnі narodnі drami, St. Petersburg, 1911; Russian folk drama XVII-XX century. Texts p'єs і describe uyavlen, ed., Vstup. Art. і comments by P.N. Berkova, M., 1953: History of the Western European Theater, pіd zagalny ed. S. S. Mokulsky, t. 1, M., 1956; Avdov A.D., Pokhodzhennya theater, M. - L., 1959; Vsevolodskiy-Gerngross V.N., Russian Usna Narodna Drama, M., 1959; Dzhivelegov A.K., Italian folk comedy ..., 2 vidavnitstva., M., 1962; Cohen C. Le thé â tre en France au moyen-â ge, v. 1-2, nouv. é d., P., 1948.

Tkachenko T. S. Folk dance M., 1954; Goleizovsky K. Ya. Images of Russian folk choreography, M., 1964; The encyclopedia of social dance, N. Y., 1972.

Malitskiy G.L., Pobutovі motives and plot of folk art (in the design and development), Kazan, 1923; History of the Russian Mistress Vol. 4, 7, 8, (book 2), 9 (book 2), 10 (book 2), 11-3, M., 1959-9; Razina T. M., Russian folk creativity M., 1970; Vasilenko V.M., About the wizard in the Russian peasant mystery of the 18-19th century, in the period: Russian mystery of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century, M., 1971; Voronov V.S., About Selyanske Mistress. Vibrani pratsi, M.,; Riegl A., Volkskunst, Hausfliess und Hausindustrie B., 1894; Art populaire. Travaux artistiques et scientifiques du 1st Congrè s International des arts populaires, ed. H. Focillon, v. 1-2, R., 1931; Spiess K. von, Bauernkunst, ihre Art und Sinn, W., 1942; Toschi T., Saggi sull'arte popolare, Roma, 1945; Harmon M. Cocchiara G., Marabottini Marabotti A. Folk art in: Encyclopedia of world art, v. 5, L. - N. Y. - Toronto, 1958, p. 451-506 (є lit.); Bossert T. H., Peasant art of Europe and Asia, N. Y., 1959. Div, also lit. with articles folklore , People's Artists Promisli .

K. V. Chistov(Literature),

І. І. Zemtsovsky(Muzyka),

N. I. Savushkina(Theatre),

A. K. Chekalov, M. N. Sokolov(Architecture, creative and decorative art).

Folk creativity. Keramika. Z. V. Punkina. "Goduvalnitsya". Pottery "Dimkovskaya" igrashka. 1970. Direction of exhibitions of the Union of Artists of the USSR. Moscow.

Folk creativity

2. Genri of folk art

2.1. The value of folk art

2.2. National poetry creativity (folklore)

2.2.1. kazka

2.2.2. heroic epos

2.2.4. mystery

2.4. folk theater

2.5. Folk dance

2.6. People's promises

visnovok

literature

Still in the middle of the last century I. V. Kireevsky (1806 - 1856) wrote: "To know the peculiarity of the rosy life of the people is so ill-humored, as it is ill-humored to know the history of its history. It is so easy to substitute literary understandings for the people, it is so easy for the people to be abstract, as abstract thoughts are drawn to the world. could be admitted to the wickedness, but the proposition could be true, then only one result of this field would not be in the wickedness of the sanctuary, but in the enslavement of the people themselves. vdachi, in yogo zvichyah, in yogo movi, in yogo minds of heart and rosum, in yo religious community and special ones, - in a word, in all povnoti yogo life. "

Tsi words appear like it is not possible to be more relevant in the hour, the hour of the "massed attack" on the culture, history, and all without the blame of the great and small peoples of Russia. The head of the pedagogues will stimulate the initial process, marking the formation of national self-awareness, development of the child's system geological values, Reasonable role of their nation, ethnos in the historical process.

The need for the establishment of such an education is based on social and pedagogical factors.

Up to the number of the first, it is possible to bring the development of national self-awareness, to try to respect for the preservation and development of national cultures and movs, until the revival of folk traditions, religious revolutions of the country, and in this way often bring Russian Federation, Before small and international conflicts. Accelerate the development of positive tendencies and decrease according to the possibility of growing post-positive officials in the process of renewing nations, ethnic groups, regions - a new social function of the school and all systems of the development of children and young people.

1. Russian folk creativity yak for folk pedagogy

The beginning and the vikhovannya of children are historically victorious with the development of people. To save yourself as a view of the Earth, even the first people will be blinded in order to convey to the young generation of accumulations a view of the world, to capture the villains, to see the love, to equip the life of the family, such as D. , in the minds and tips in the process of social activity with grown-ups, inherited. A new generation, having taken off their ancestors, was victorious, and finished with a new one, more thoroughly. This is how folk culture was formed from generation to generation.

Immediately, the first ideas of the new and the vikhovannya of children grew up as a prodovuvachiv family. At the same time with admission labor activity Directly to the satisfaction of the daily necessities of life for the people, clothes, life and in. From generation to generation they began to sprout, evolve and fit into the movement, painting, symbols.

The development of the Russian folk culture is based on the rules for the creation and development of children, for the joy of that, the commandments of the fence and the commandments of permission. Improvement of vіkіv, transmitted from generation to generation, stench opratsovuvali, concretized and went to us, confirmed by our ancestors of the great significance of vykhovaniya and new children to save the people.

Additional recommendations, nastanovi, povchannya, crypt of moral norms and rules for all peoples who inhabit Russia. With all the rules, recommendations, etc. even closer to the wickedness, from the formulation, to bring the manifestation of the outward laws in the development of folk cultures, and the growth of quiet regions, which are carried out to the new and the development of the growing generations: in the process of developing the rules for the development of folk cultures

This is how it is done, from the capital to the capital of the growing formation of folk pedagogy, traditional culture of vikhovannya. Vaughn includes:

1) the sukupn_st system and knowledge about the ideal of people yak meti vikhovannya;

2) the supremacy of ideas, which allows children to come and go;

3) the most important factors in the development and development, which include the efforts of the elements of folk cultures (in detail about the structure of folk cultures, the specific possibilities of these other components in the offensive distribution).

People's pedagogy, having become an independent galuzzi of folk culture, has established a complete system of education and development of specific features of nations, ethnic groups, nationalities, regions. To that among the skin people, the nation, the region, the culture of vikhovannya has developed itself;

Academician G. N. Volkov characterized the people's pedagogy as follows: "Without memory there is no tradition, without spirituality, no spirituality, without spirituality, no specialness, without specialness, no people like historical spirituality."

Lyudina is happy, well, three times a day. In that century, didus and grandmothers lived with their fathers, they were remembered, in the whole capital lived with their fathers and children, and the axis in the offensive will be the lives of our grandchildren with their fathers and children. Stink us to be pam'yatati. Well, one should adhere to pedagogical traditions, by virtue of some of them, then saving them in the family by stretching out three centuries is the price of folk pedagogy in children.

2.2.1. kazka

The folk art has a Kazka, ymovirno, the greatest wonder. Reading the Kazakhs, mi, do not even need to, referring to Vladi Vimislu. For the Kazakhs, it’s obvious that it’s impossible to say forgiveness, it’s unbelievable, but at the same time, the idea is unmistakable; The Kazka is crying to fight against evil, against the enemies of Batkivshchyna, stand for goodness, justice. They are firmly committed to the moral law of life, with borderline clear twists and turns of moral principles, norms, and aesthetic ideals. The Cossack helps to win by virtue of goodness, as it is not rewarded by itself, but by way of overcoming difficult and struggling with evil.

In satirical kaztsi people are vismiyu disagreement, bazhanya is easy to reject living blessings, greed and people wadi. I know how to test success, wines, and friendship.

Going, kazka - true and vygadka one hour. "The Kazka is nonsense, the one in niy is an effort: a good fellow - a lesson."

Kazka has a specific modern style, which is characteristic of sense, repeat the new words (lived-boules; in the deyakom kingdom, in the distant state and in.). Mova kazok duzhe garniy: echo and poetic, revenge rich metaphors, porters, as well as occasional and general servants and orders. All of the specialties are to cheat the kazka indispensably by the way of bringing the children of the healthy age to life.

2.2.2. heroic epos

The heroic epic duzhe nagaduє kazku, ala at the sight of her in the presence of not a vigadan, but a reference hero (Ilya-Muromets, Sadko et al.). In the past, the people will challenge courage, husbandhood, love to Batkivshchyna. It is not great to rise in the heroic epic of learning children with historical podіy long gone rockyv, with heroes of tsikh podіy. Children know how our ancestors put them before them, and even the tvir depicts the author's soul.

2.2.3. Aphorisms, prisliv'ya, orders

Aphorisms, listening, orders - dzherelo folk wisdom. The stench is vidobrazhayut pobut, zvichay, even often overextend with kazkami. The form of preservation in the people of povchans, morals, povchans, commandments has been posed by thousands of years.

Prisliv'ya NOT the old days, not gone, but a living voice to the people. The people took over from their memory only those who need to live tomorrow. As long as, in consideration of the past, it is to assess from the point of view of the present and the future - to condemn or to grapple in the wilderness because of the fact that the world passed by the view of the ideals of the people.

At the side of the glory, the people's assessment of life, guarded by the people's rosum, solidifies the values of the people:

De robot, there is good.

Do not spit in the well - stay nourished in the water.

Send those orders to embellish and recruit people, expand vocabulary, develop uya. Even if you just pick up some simple orders, the child is guilty of making a quick assessment of the situation, as it was before the order, I know the reason and only to see her thoughts.

The accuracy of the thought and the laconicism of the Wiklade allow you to quickly take over the messages and orders from the early days, take them not as a favor, but as a living norm.

2.2.4. mystery

The mystery is the genre of folk art, which, like attaching those orders, can also be introduced to the smallest folklore forms. The value of the riddles of the Pole is in its imagery, artistry and poetry. Yaskravі, concrete, barvy artistic images of riddles add a new look at navkolishn_y light, Developing a poetic look at the action, the building of the analysis, and, of course, it is logical to mislead. Heads of such poetic ways, how to play in riddles, like a metaphor, metonymy, detachment, hyperbole, with the simplest objects to be re-enchanted: the corncock grows thicker, the carrot grows old. Given the peculiarity of riddles, M.A.Ribnikova wrote: "A riddle is a key to a verbal image, a grain of poetry, a metaphor."

Metaphor and practicality in riddles is used as metaphors and equivalents in other literature and literature folklore genres Tim, here the stench is given in the form of a cicavian game, and respect for the listener, or the reader is specifically aimed at the need for a clue, installation and explanation. Also, the very artistic specifics of the riddle є tієyu іtііnkoyu, like іdnіmaє to lyudin at gatherings, which leads to the development of a poetic image, the development of artistic imagination and creativity.

Riddles behind their wizard represent the history of the formation and development of folk cultures. In general and in the field, there is a special value. The stench to mold the first statement about the unity of light and its regularity. On the basis of appearances and orders, the stench is straightforward to the knowledge of the same, for the similarity of different objects and manifestations.

Riddles take in the development of the memory of a child, her imaginative and logical misinterpretation, rosy reactions. The riddle of grasping the child with some signs of small objects, knows both the spirit in them and the very form they have in mind of the classifikuvati objects, which seem to have no signs. In other words, the foundations of a theoretical creative mission are formed behind the aid of the riddle.

V wicked robots for children it is possible to vikoristovuvati and іnshі small forms of folklore, as may be specific developing and basic functions: squash, clean-talk, vikorisovvani for the correct, phonetically clean translation; lichilki (element of gris); zazivalki (type of pisenok).

2.3. Folk music (musical folklore)

Folk music (musical folklore) - vocal (pisenne), instrumental and vocal-instrumental collective creativity to the people. Being over the heads of all the people, the musical folklore is known to the viconious mystery of talented nuggets (kobzar, guslyar, buffoon and in.). The winds of folk music go far in the past. Musical traditions of business partnerships, formations of vicious styles, tenacious. In the dermal and historical era, to relate to the older create music, And also re-structured on the basis of this. In the sukupnost stink, traditional musical folklore is created.

The main type of musical folklore is songs, epic narration (Russian bilini), dance melodies, dance adaptations (Russian parts), instrumental songs and naspi (signals, dance). Kozhen tvir of musical folklore is represented by a whole system of stylistic and semantically native variants, which characterize the changes of folk music in the process of vikonannya.

The richness of the genre of folk music is the result of versatility and life functions. Muzyka supervodzhuvala all the work and life of a peasant:

Calendar saint of the rural agricultural stake (carols, spring flowers, oil, bathing pictures);

Polovi robots (mowing, stubble farming);

People, Vesіllya (Koliskov and Vesіlnі Pіsnі);

Death (funeral crying voice).

Pіznіshe naybіlshy rozvitok in folklorі po¬luchіlі lіrichnі genres de zmіnu on simple, short naspіvam labor, ceremonial, tantsyuvalnih i epіchnih pіsen abo іnstrumentalnі nagravannya coming rozgornutі i hour skladnі for Form muzichnі іmprovіzatsії - vokalnі (rosіyska broaching pіsnya) i іnstrumentalnі.

Pisnya has a number of perevag in front of the other artists of folk art. I’m hanging around in a pure viglyad, the ruff of my soul is not in the back. One more change of pisnі is the price of gallantry. Be it a folk song, it is permissible for the visitor to bring in any kind of change, in spite of all situations.

A lot of pisen was created by the people: postushki and quiet, koliskov, calls, attachments, non-blitz. First and foremost functions and development. Ale zagalne is a natural infusion of music and slav, a moral infusion to wickedness, a passion for collectiveism and spiritual sentiment.

2.4. folk theater

In the folk theater, there is a theater of living actors and a theater of lyalok, often named after the name of the hero of the Vistavi (Petrushka in Russia, Panch in England, Pulcinela in Italy, Kashparek in Czech and in.). The Russian theater Petrushka will be close to the Ukrainian nativity scene, the Biloruskiy battle. The diversity of forms of folk lyalki began in the theater with the types of lialoks, systems of management (reed lilies, marionettes - lyalki on strings - і ін.). People's theaters of lyalok played p'usi, replayed tales and legends, and sketched "wandering plots."

Before the folk theater, the same kind of goodness is given to the name of the district (showing of ruddy pictures in the superconduct of drama to the text).

People's theater to know little gazes with verbal folklore, developing memory, imaginatively misinterpreting. Comic characters are the vices of people, dramatic spirits. Beruchas fate in his awkward productions, the child learns correctly and speaks beautifully, vigoloshuvati promises before the public, to get rid of the rubbish.

2.5. Folk dance

Folk dance is one of the found types of folk art. Dance bov with a part of folk whistles at saints and fairs. The emergence of round dances and ritual dances is tied with folk rituals (the words of the round dance, tied with the rituals of the birch dances, the wicker wickerings, the zapalyuvannya bagat). Proceedingly from the ritual events, the round dance was reminiscent of a new zmist, which turned around in a new specialty. The people, who took care of the love, the creation, were imbedded in the dance with a guard over the creature's light. Figuratively and vividly conveyed the character and sounds of animals, birds, domestic animals: the Yakut dance of the weddy, the Russian crane, Gusachok and іn. There are dances on those silskoy pratsi: the Latin dance of women, the Hutsul dance of the woodcutter, the Estonian dance of the shevts, the Bilorusky lianok, the Moldavian poame (grapes). Folk dance often has a spirit of vision, valor, heroism, and is shown in a stage battle (Georgian horums, berikaoba, kozachi psnii іn.). A great place in dancing folk creativity is occupied by the theme of love: dancing, which twists the nobility of the sentient, chanterelle to the woman (Georgian kartuli, Russian Baynovskaya square dance).

A folk dancer has a rhythmic ear, like a dancer (prevention, claps, dzvin dzvinochkiv). Bagato dances to vikonuyutsya to the accompaniment of folk instruments, as dancers often trim in their hands (accordion, balalaika). Deyaki dances to vikonuyutsya with pobutovym accessories (hustku). A great infusion on the character of the vikonannya put on a costume: so, the smoothness of the movement of the Russian dancers dopomagaє dovga cloth, scho krivaє feet nig; a characteristic ruh in the Russian cholovichy dance - the result of freebies of hard chobits.

The dance allows the virobity of plasticity, especially the coordination of the dancers, and the reception of the music with the music. Children to vchatsya collapse rhythmically, splitting one by one in Russia (round dance, struma).

2.6. People's promises

Until the number of the most popular folk industries of Russia, pottery, weaving, artwork, decorative design (gzhel, khokhloma), kuvannya, literary art, engraving, karbuvannya etc.

In the surrounding rice of folk creativity, the norms of pratsi and pobutu, culture and viruvannya are quilted. Naybilsh as a backbone element to serve as an ornament, which was born in ancient times, which additionally helps to achieve organic unity of composition and highly interrelationship with the technique of visibility, for objects, plastic form, natural beauty of material. Evidence about speeches in the folk industry, you don’t get stuck in the preparation model, but rather a little one, but live in the witness and ruts of the maister; with the whole result of this individual wines, how to produce the most rational robots, guilty of being accepted by the national team. By virtue of this, the tradition is conceived post-mortem, but if only a few of the specific changes are made. Found objects (for example, wood buckets at a heaving view) can be superbly close to nature; For the most part, I will take a backward form and a figurative basis, use them in different tables with the use of decorative techniques, decorative stylization, with rational victories of technical problems and materials.

People's minds have been appreciated for a long time. The secrets of their majesty were passed from generation to generation, from father to son, by the same token the wisdom and admission of the past and justice. Children from the early age got to the robot, help the daddy.

The spirit of the robot helps children to master the craft more beautifully, to take the advice of the mentor (batkiv), and to learn how to do it.

3. Principles of folk pedagogy

3.1. Laws of national pedagogical systems

Up to the number of foreign laws and characteristics of folk pedagogical systems, which give the ability to "transfer" knowledge from one ethnical pedagogy into one, it is possible to refer to:

Recognition of the ideal of specialness, fixed in folklore, ethnology, mythology and other dzherels of folk spiritual culture, and represents a system of zalnoludskih values;

Unity of the natural mechanism of development of folk pedagogues, how to turn around among the interaction of social (community) vimogs and nationalities;

The dignity of the bureaucrats is vikhovannya, which allows children to actively participate in the real human activity and spirituality (nature, pratsya, gratis);

Hromadsko-group and humanistic straightening the character of the new and the vicious.

These laws and characteristics form the core of folk pedagogics, a place for all peoples. Yak variativny characteristics of folk pedagogues of іnіnіal ethnosіv play the natural-geographic mind and historical features of the development of peoples, so that we start the character of pratsi, іgor, saints, traditions and rituals, wickedness of usnoy, folk creativity imaginative mysteryі folk industries, the specifics of every kind of people one to one і new nature.

In the basis of the motivation of the methodology of the initial-wicked process, it is based on the national pedagogy, followed by the ideal of specialty as a meta-vykhovannya and navchannya. Tsei ideally organically included in the system of modern social goals and viconu on the basis of the initial and evolving systems, the role of programs in the process of introducing and evangelizing and criterion of the effectiveness of the given process.

Mechanism, which allows you to include the people's pedagogy in the current process of initiation, є folk tradition... The very tradition of twisting the day of the folk culture and links with social minds; Won and in Danish hour there is also a social and educational function, which is quite rocky in that; to develop at once from the suspension and from the world, as it draws on its socially significant basis.

3.2. National pedagogy and ethnopedagogy

From the folk pedagogy of the traditional culture of vikhovaniya mi rozumієmo and historically the formation of dosages vykhovannya and new children sleepy form And because of the recordings in the letters in the memory of the folklore, the heroic epic, legends and references, the introduction of the rules of behavior, the rules of behavior, etc. The very same ideal of representations in kazkahs, prikazkah and prikazkah (aphoristic pedagogy), in the tradition. In other words, folk pedagogy is in its foundation an ideal and a way to formulate it. Vona represents the same reality, as the factual side of the historical process, the history of the people as a whole.

And then beyond, which is typical for the traditional cultural vikhovannya of folk pedagogues, it was said historically among the peoples of the world and to represent the core, Strizhnev's idea of yogi wisdom, and it might be the basis for the establishment of ethnopedagogy yak science about the day-to-day Itself here and there are two understanding of folk pedagogy and ethnopedagogy. Otzhe, ethnopedagogy is a science, not only vivchaє to national pedagogy as to reality, but to open the regularity of the formation of traditional cultures in connection with the development of economics, spiritual, social and social, who are capable of showing -whether systems in the quality of the organic system-creating part.

visnovok

At the folk pedagogues, the child must be included in the development of the child (labor, svyatkovo-igrov, etc.) at once with the grown-ups. Sem'ya order with the hulk was the main trick of the child. Vona bore the conviction of being vikhovannya not only in front of the community, but in front of the church. Religious precepts and fences, knowledge of the people's preservation about the thorough specialties, bullying with a wicked goal and the establishment of a vikhovannya, which went to our hour at the sight of wisdom, folk wisdom.

Initially, the development of a child in the first place of the churga is immersed in her beloved fathers, grandmothers and dads, who cannot be replaced by the most successful computer. All the seasons of the year, all the parts of the animal are up to the notice of our ancestors, until the rounds of national education and culture, some of them are known to be on the richly important food of the current day. The grandfathers are obvious to the old fact that only the interaction of generations (and three) allow the proper rank of the child's development and development, especially young vik... The wisdom of the folk wickedness, as historically inverted to suspicion, is guilty of becoming the basis of modern, new-wicked systems.

Dosvid of the national vikhovannya among all ethnic groups, nationalities and peoples even more. Having shown the analysis of the traditional culture of the vikhovannya, it is possible to be characterized by the same vimogs to form the special features and systems of the vikhovannya and navchannya. Wine is a kind (home for all people) folk wisdom, a system of out-of-town values, transformed by the capital. Ale tse does not mean that the whole arsenal needs to be vikoristovuvat people's efforts and clerks vikhovannya without changes and critical assessment. Brothers of them are needed, as they work this year and talk about our declarations about humanism and out-of-town values.

Vchinki and the intellect of people are surrounded by singing fences, which are saving and development human suspensionі yogo vzamin z navkolishnіm middle... Sleepy is practical for all ethnic groups, national and people є such commandments: "do not kill", "do not breach", "do not steal", "do not false witnesses", "do not bother someone else" and іn. Stink is one of the biblian commandments.

Krim zapovіdey-fence folk pedagogy great misce She was the head of the commandments - the goals of the vikhovannya and navchannya. It is a provincial commandment in the whole system of vikhovannya people-patriot, carrying on traditions and favoring his people. Vona turns not only in the descriptions of the heroism of people, but in the poetic descriptions of the native nature, glorified by its Batkivshchyna, condemned zrada, boyguztva and cared for as a result of the immense obedience. On the butts of the bilin's heroes: Ilya Muromets, Dobrinya Mikitich, Alosha Popovich and іnshі zhisniki Vіtchizni.

The commandment of popular pedagogy is approaching - vikhovannya of kindness and love for people. Bagato biblіynі commanded to give tsomu: "Love your neighbor, like yourself, so bless you will be." good lyudin he is generally guilty of being a modest, lazy, peacemaker, to bail out his inadequacies and not to condemn others.

The third commandment is vikhovannya pratsovitosti. The people are hungry for the people of the ledar, the sloth, the nerve. Especially brightly tsa commandment is twisted in the people's attitudes: "The tree is amazing in the fruits, and people - in the right", "The water does not flow from the lying stone."

Aleh one of the most important minds has become involved in the people's pedagogy to get involved in kindness, more important than being placed before a child.

literature:

1. Ribnikova M.A. pratsi. - M., 1958.

2. Basics of modern civilization / Ed. L. N. Bogolyubova. - M., 1992.

3. Anthology of the pedagogical thought of Russia of the first half of the XIX century. - M: Pedagogyka, 1987.

4. Popova A. N. People's Artists Promisli. - M .: Progress, 1993.

5. People's wisdom: Encyclopedia. - M., 1995.

6. Kuzina T.F., Baturina G.I. Tsikava pedagogy of the people of Russia: please, іgri, rituals. - M .: School-Press, 1998 ..

7. Vasiltsova V. N. People's pedagogy / journalist notes /. - M .: School-Press, 1996 ..