Specific genres of folklore. Artistic features of childish folklore. Folklore of motherhood and plekannya

Literature and library

broad folk masses = collective creativity asleep artistic creativity You can see: from the point of view of ethnography, all manifest verbal creativity from the point of view of ethnology, all at once. Arguments: Historical, before the writing of social peasants, illiterate communes on the situational inner side of usnost: orality can ...

1. specifics of folklore

folklore asleep artistic creativity of wide folk masses.

broad popular masses = collective creativity

Asleep artist creativity can be seen:

From the point of view of ethnography (all show okremo)

verbal creativity

From the point of view of ethnology (show everything at once)

Folklore of power, yokes, which are more than nowhere, which in sukupnost givespecifics of folklore:

1) Orality. Sleepy creativity, you can see it from:

The great side of usnost. arguments:

• historical, also earlier than writing
• social (illiterate villagers)
• community (situational)

Inner side of usnost:

• orality can be seen yak poetical characterization text
• Azbela: "folklore mystestvo memory"

Orality is a sign of poetry, a harmony with the creation, and do not think about it.

2) A axis variability There are different options for one and the same text, for example, a Kazakh about Snigurontsi. => Folklore Tvir sukupnist, the interchange of all options (the invariance is that which does not change).

Classification of options:

Behind the form.

For example: dovga kazka (in Karelia and at Pivnochi).

Kazka nagaduє accordion.

Behind the zm_stom.

see Snіguronka: one is a charming text, іnsha pobutova kazka.

Behind the step of saving(Inodi lose a small fragment)

"Plank, plank of the forest,

Let the grass grow thick "- surplus from the ancient rite

- An hour later.

copies the artist's senses himself ruinuvatisya. A variant of the picture about Avdotya Ryazanochka.

3) Collectivenessthe people are the author of any folklore text => not bully, who first came up with a whole plot.

V. Ya. Propp "Specificity of folklore" - "Folklore koshtu nabagato closer not to literary, but to mov"

Folklore is a collective dream of the people.

The sign of the collective is the manifestation of folklore.

4 ) Tradition (conservatism)folklore of atrocities in the past, in vidminu from literature.

In the struggle for tradition and variability to live the life of folklore.

5) Unprofessional nature of creativity.

folklore chastina haunted life peasant => peasant power (no censorship)

Professionalism of a sign of a shvidkoy death of a given kind of folklore.

6) syncretism interaction (interaction) to sound, sense, gesture; unrepentant anger.

Half of the senses are in the weakened movement of the paraverbal elements.

In professional mystery, syncretism is required.

And also іnshі robots, as they can connect you
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FOLKLORE, LETTERS OF THE FOLK LOVE AND CHILD LITERATURE
The word "folklore", which is often used to mean " sleep folk creativity ", to be like a dvoh English words: Foik - "people" and iorе - "wisdom". History of folklore of the past. The ear is tied to the needs of people to learn the new light of nature and its own place in the new. The appreciation of the price was revolving in unreasonably angry words, dance and music, as well as in the works of the imaginative, persh for everything applied, art (ornaments on dishes, symbols of pratsi and in.), In embellishments, objects of a religious cult.

Understanding "folklore" and " art literature". Specificity of folklore.

"Wandering plot" in folklore.

Folklore - asleep folk creativity, People's wisdom, Knowledge about light, rotation in specific forms of mystery. The types and forms of folk art are rich in: pisenne, dance, words, etc. Folklore - tse people are not a mystery not only for the fact that in the big world it was created and taken over by the wide masses, but the first for all that, in the new one knew the images of folk culture and moral traditions, the image of thought and the appearance of life, folk way of life.

Folklore is a specific mystery. A little bit of it was deprived of sleepy form... The picking up and the type of it became fine. Before folklore, the word is not right written: Nicoli was not written, passed by word of mouth, in the process of transmission of the species, there were different options of one and the same thing. Apart from specific rice, folklore є variance. Folklore Tvir was announced as anonymous, the problem of establishing the authorship of Nikolai was not raised. Folklore is found in the mature as well as in the childish middle-class.

Some texts grow up to grow up - lyrical pictures, those in the grown up with a child - koliskovy pictures, little pets, little pies, third signs for children - dredgers, graters.

Folklore text published as literary way of stemming, pobutuvannya, poetics. The presenters vvazhayut, scho actively using folklore to repair children from six rocks. But for that, it’s been brought up, їх need gotuvati from early dynasty to sprynatty and ovolodinnya folklore forms. B

Significance of artistic literature The mystery of the word depicts action through artistic images, showing the best type, comprehensible and sensible real life facts. Tse additional help for the child to learn life, the form of his position to the point of navkolishny. Artistic create, open up internal light heroes, zmushuyut children hvilyuvatisya, survive, like your own, joy and add heroes. Artistic Tvir will bring to the child not only with its bright, similar form, but with a meaningful serpent. Senior preschool children, sprymayuchi tvir, can give a date to a friend, motivated to assess the characters. Artistic literature is a mastery of the written word.

Folklore is characterized by natural folk mova, hostile with wealth in different ways, Sound. For folklore types of kindness the laws of composition in simple forms the beginning, the development of the storyline, the kintzivka. stylistics yogo severity to hyperbole, parallelism, persistent adolescents. The internal organization of the yogi has a clear, straightforward character, so you can navigate through a long stretch of the table, it’s a long time ago.

Be-like tvir folklore functionally- there is a lot of tied together with this number of rituals, vypovnuvalya in a strictly singing situation. Asleep folk creativity Vіdbivavsya all the stars of the rules of the people's life.
A lot of genre of folk art is available to the mind of little children. Ditin's folklore tales are easier to enter navkolishn_y light, Increase the beauty native nature... For a long time, there is a senseless folklore creation, specially designated for children.

2.In systems of genres childish folklore especially a loan "Train of plekannya", or "mother's train". There are koliskovy pictures, pestushki, pisnі, primovki, kazki and pіsnі, wings for the little ones. A collection of acts from these genres is discernible, and then also from the inspiration of childish folklore.

Koliskov_. There is a child at the center of the whole "mother's journey".

Nіzhni, monotonous songs are necessary for the transition of a child from sleep to sleep. From such a message, Koliskov's song was born. It was here that a kind of motherly and organically enticed national pedagogy chuinist to the peculiarities of vik began. In koliskovyh, everything that you live to invoke the mother, - the joy and the turbot, the thought about the child, the mind about the maybut, into the memory of the game form. Words are given and pershi navychki rіdnoї movi. The rhythm and melody of the song boule, obviously, is the folk rhythm of the goydannya koliski.

Pestushko, nursery rhymes, adornments. Yak and koliskovy pictures, try to take revenge on your first elements folk pedagogy, Simple lessons of behavior and everyday life with new knowledge. little dogs (From the word "plekati" - vihovuvati) tied from the earliest period of development of the child. Mothers, who have opened them, or have pressed them from the clothes, stroked the tilts, handles and ribbons, applied, for example:

Slippers-puffs, Across-fatties, And in nіzhki - walkers, And in handles - katunushki, And in a mouth - talk. And in the head - a mind.

In such a rank, Pestushko supervises physical procedures, necessary children. Їх Зміст і tied with specific physical actions. The set of poetry in Pestushko is also designated for its functionality.

quiet - more broken down іgrovy form, lower Pestushko (I want to add elements in them). Potishki rozvazhayut baby, set in a new fun mood. Yak і Pestushko, їm power is rhythm:

Tra-ta-ta, tra-ta-ta. Kishka went for the cat! Kra-ka-ka, kra-ka-ka, Asking wine for milk! Dla-la-la. dla-la-la, Kishka gave milk!

Innocent little ones just rozvazhayut (yak pointed out), and hourly I instruct, give the simplest knowledge about light. At that hour, if the child is able to sprymati sense, and not just the rhythm and musical mood, the stench will bring you the first vidosti about the multitude of objects, about the rakhunok. The little listener is acting like a knight himself, such knowledge of the game's pisenka.

Magpie, magpie, Pershom - porridge,

Beloboka, to the Other - brews,

I cooked porridge, and beer for the Third.

The guests were namanila. The fourth - vintsya,

Kashka is on the stile, And the last thing did not reach anything.

And the guests - to the yard. Shu, shu! Flew, sat on the head.

Sprymayuchi through such fun a cob rakhunok, a child spantelitsya shy tim, who didn’t get anything.

The commander of the quiet is greedy to beep in tone, gestures. They have a child. Children of that vіku, which are acknowledged to be quiet, themselves can’t be seen by all those who smell and smell, to that stench to the sound of sound, to the repetition of the older, to the gesture. The bosses of the whole vikhovny and educational potential of the nursery rhymes appear to be significant.
on the basis of nazyayut a small kumedny vitvir, vislovlyuvannya or just a roundabout, most often rimovanі. Razvazhalny vіrshiki and pіsenki-beauties іnnuyut і pose in the groin (on vidminu from the nursery rhymes). The priming is dynamic, reminiscent of the energetic twists of the characters: "Knock, drive along the street, Foma on the road, Timoshka on the road, go along the road." The wisdom of folk pedagogy is manifested in the sentiment to the stage of the growth of the people. To pass an hour of watching, mayzhe passive hearing. For a change of day, an hour of active behavior, the grasp of getting involved in life - here and there to fix psychological training children until navchannya and pratsi. The first jolly friend will be the pride. Vaughn sponk the child to her, and the deyak, the disaffection, the disaffection of the viclik, the child is stronger than the domination of the child, to fantasize, to wake up the thought and wake up.
Unbilitated-inverted, unstable . The price is very interesting for the genre. The breeders are inverted in children develop a bit comic. The pedagogical value of a polyagu is that, in the fact that they are confused over the absurdity of nonbilitia, the child is aware of the fact that the child has already been rejected by him to the correct revealed about the light.

Through the fox, through the mountains Їde uncle Ugor: Himself on the horse, In the chervoniy cap, Druzhina on the ram. Have a red sarafan, Children on calves. Servants to pump ..
Lichilki. There is one Malian genre of childish folklore. Lichki call fun and rhythmic verses, before you vibrate the leader, fix roughly the same stage. The little ones were born in a group and were unattractively tied with her. The modern pedagogy is to introduce a superstitiously great role in the form of the people, vazha її a free school of life. It’s not just about developing spirits and smiles, but I’m accustomed to adhering to the accepted rules: even if we’re grateful, we’ll be smart enough. In the group there is a new set of performances and voluntary ordering from playing roles.
Skoromovki. The stench bears down to the quiet, rozvazhalny genre. The root of the tsikh creation sleepy creativity also lie in the glyboku long ago. Tse verbal gra, yaka entered warehouse part in the fun of svyatkovy rozvagi to the people.

Chumarts, dredgers, attachments, attachments, calls. All the tsere create small genres, organics for the childish folklore. Smell to serve the development of the movement, km_tlivosti, uvagi. Zavdyaki vіrshovanіy formі of high aesthetic rіvnya stink is easy to remember for children.

• 
  Say two.
• 
  Dvіstі.
• 
  Head in the test! (Chumartsi.)

Russian folk paintings play a great role in the formulation of musical hearing, relish before the journey, love for nature, before old earth... The childish middle-class has a song for a long time. The childish folklore has gone away and the songs have gone from the grown-up folk art - call the children up to their own age.

Bilini. Tse heroic epos to the people. Vіn maє is a great value in vikhovanna love before the old history. In the Bilinas, they start to talk about the struggle of two beginnings - good and evil - and about the lawful overcoming of good. Nayvidomishy bilinin heroes - Ilya Muromets. Dobrsha Mikitich and Alosha Popovich - є in zbіrny images

Kazki.

1. 
   Narodnaya kazka - sleepy awake artistic tvir enchanting, adventurous chi by-beat character with an installation on a vygadka, to develop in vikhovnyh abo razvazhalnyh goals. "Kazka-vigadka, that in nіy natyak, good good lesson."
2. 
   The stench was in the early hours. About the age of the Kazoks, for example, the following fact: in the non-chipped versions of the home "Teremka" in the role of Terem, a kobilyach's head appeared, as the Slovyansk folklore tradition gave Bagatma miraculous powers. In other words, the root of the Kazakh language is in the words of the language.
3. 
   The Kazka was brought before the new auditorium, and only in the XX century became the main choice for children. The name itself did not appear immediately, N.V. Novikov transfer Old Russia Riznomanitnі usnі rozpovіdі were called "bikes" ("bayat" - say)
4. 
   Folklorist Pomerantseva to tell: the first clues about the Russian folk kazts are presented before Kyiv Rus... History folklore bagata podіami. The shielding of people before her was twofold. On one side of the chain of love, the rozvazhalny genre, on the other side - the fence of the Kazkians was removed, the drive to the Kazakhs, repaired from the 12th century, when the visitor of Turovsky's religious play was played, which in vzvvuvvuvvuvuyu with the Kazka. Not only folklore, but th Literary Kazakhs they stopped seeing at that hour, when they needed a special decree about the need for a wide view of kazoks for children. From the end of the 18th century, the kazku began to be recorded, on the basis of folk literary plots... The genre has ceased іsnuvati yak tvіr weary verbal mystery.
5. 
   The Cossacks call out not about the primitiveness of the people’s evidence (they couldn’t have smelled a lot of hundreds of rockivs), but about the genial health of the people to establish a single harmonious image of light, calling into this earth, all people are living in the sky and living death. By the best rank, they bring the stench to the power of the children, organically reflect the child's psychology. Craving for goodness and justice, faith in miracles, vitality to fantasies, to enchanting re-enactment of a modern light - all the child is radically developed and in kazts.
6. 
   Architectonics or an aesthetic plan to inspire great ideas for all types of elements:

order- prepare the listeners before taking the kazka “Ai, keep you quiet with the kazochka? .. " Reason- a cob of a Kazakh girl kazkovy light"In the kingdom of the deyakom ...". win viznachaє: 1. Place of the day, 2. Hour of the day, 3. Heroes of the Kazka. The main part of the kazka-tristupeneva is the plot: the preparation lanceyug, the central stage and the connection.

Result abo kint- the part of the Kazka is concluded. "They began to live and gain goodness ...".
The Kazka will follow the principle of lantsyug composition, which includes, as a rule, three times repeat.

1. 
   artistic hour The order not to go beyond the inter-progressive development of the diyu diyu nikoli not the exact meaning and real reasoning of the chogos. The artistic space of the Kazka has no real outline. Wono is unassigned, you can easily overcome it.
2. 
   At Kaztsi, truth and goodness triumphantly. The Cossack was on the side of the screams and the fit, just wouldn't tell. I’ll show you on purpose, de pass correctly life people, in which both happiness and unhappiness, such as payment for pardons. At the same time, there is a lot of rice to the people - a firm belief in justice, in those who are good people will inevitably overcome everything, they protist.

1. 
   The current demand in Kazts is especially great. The baby is literally overwhelmed by the information. I want the mental receptivity of the little ones to be great, they still have their boundaries. Ditina is overwhelmed, hesitant to be nervous, and the very insight of everything that is unrespectful, unnecessary.

1. 
   Naybilshe privablyuє children kazkovy hero ... Name the price of a person as ideal: kind, fair, garny, strong; it is obligatory to achieve success, if you do not just follow the help of wonderful friends, but only for all the special qualities - the spirit, the strength of the spirit, self-confidence, the wine-dignity, the km. So, as a matter of fact, a skinny child, and an ideal hero of the Kazok, is an old eye for the experience. Most often, the character has one taste: the fox is cunning, the witness is strong, Ivan is the foolish happy, and in the role of the tsarevich he is fearless.

There are three great groups of kazoks: kazki about tvarin, charming kazki and pobutov (satirical).
Kazki about tvarin

Cossacks about tvarin Old people animating nature, transferring their power to creatures, not backing the views between them and themselves. Kaztsi attracted takі form vimislu yak: animizm-spiritualization of creatures, etc .; totemizm-obzhnyuvannya creatures. Little children, as a rule, are tucked into twigs, which should be more appropriate for the Cossacks, in which the birds of the animal live. At the Kaztsi creatures they make people rice - think, speak, play vchinki. By the way, such an image is the essence of the child's knowledge about the world of people, not creatures.
In all kinds of kazoks, evoke a dumb subtlety of characters on positive and negative. Skinny of them hopes as a single rice, enticed by its particular character, as it is played in the plot. So, traditionally, foxes' head of rice is a trick, so please call me about those who fool those animals. Vovk is greedy and unreasonable, among the prisoners with the fox, he is not unmistakably eating in the halepa. The image is not unambiguous in the witch, the witch is angry, but the witch and the good, even if you do not want to become a fool.

charіvnі kazki ... The most popular and most loved by children genre. Everything that you see in the charming casts is fantastic and meaningful according to the factory: not without a situation, Ryatuє friends, znishchuє vorogiv - to fight not for life, but for death. Nebezpeka є especially strong, terrible for the fact that his opponents are not wicked people, but representatives of the supernatural dark forces: Serpent Gorinich, Baba Yaga, Koschiy Bezsmertny and іn. Beruchi overcame the evil spirits, the hero yak bi pidtverdzhu his high human beginning, closeness to the light forces of nature. Fighting wines are getting stronger and wiser, we’ll get new friends and deny more the right to happiness - to great satisfaction of little hearing people.
The plot charming kazka The head epizod is the ear of the mandarin of the hero for the sake of that important person. On his own way, he must meet with foes and charming priests. At the one who is ordered, it appears to finish off the two: kilim-litak, a miraculous ball or a mirror, or else to say a zombie abo ptah, a tough one abo vovk. All the stench, with the minds, or call without them, like the wink of the eye, the blink of the glory, and the order of the hero. They do not have a fault in their moral right to punish them, and even more importantly, the hero is impertinent to him.

Mriya about the sound of charming friends in the lives of people
іsnu in the found hours - in the hours of loving
nature, vіri in the God-Son, in the power of the magic word, chakluny to call light forces and bring in darker evil.

Precedents of the Cossacks: V.P. Anikin (the main familiarity of the charming cossack is called the manifestation of a wonderful work and miracles), V.Ya. Propp (robots about the poet of the charming cossack)

Pobutova (satirical) Kazka The best is close to the haunted life and to see not necessarily includes miracles. A mischief, or a condemnation, should be submitted to a new criterion, an assessment should be readily twisted: it is immoral, it is worthless to think of it, etc.
... At the center of the plot, grasp one episode, the process of developing quickly, a dumb repetition of episodes, the meaning of them can be meaningless, smith, wonderful. Among the cich kazkahs, comicism is widely expressed. They have a lot of zhakhiv, a stench of fun, a bit more modern, everything is sorted out on the basis of the special features of the messages, which open up the images of heroes. They see people, their family life, their moral understanding and the crafty Russian mind, the abductions to the irony, the innocent in their own craftiness. ...
The heroes of beating kazoks є bari, officials, clergymen, judges, overwhelmed with all kinds of vices: foolishness, greedy, lack of knowledge, etc. I am opposed to wisdom, cunning, cunning, wine-long villagers, soldiers, vicious from the bottom. Here, as a rule, it’s a winner who stands on the bottom of social gatherings. On the day of the heroes of the charming Cossacks, here the people reach the triumph of justice without the help of wonderful men - if they are out of the minds of the mind, cleanliness, guilt and disdain, and away from the surroundings. bar and pomіshchіv, false churchmen.

CNT and literature
Not only Kazkas, but legends, songs, bilini became characters for writers. We have merged into the literature about folklore by those, plots. For example, the people's announcement of the 18th century about Eruslanov Lazarovich knew its image in the form of the protagonist and acts of the epizodes of "Ruslan and Lyudmila" Pushkin.
wandering plot
The skin people have their own cossacks, and for a long time they have mentioned the stories of the galleries for native peoples... In folkloristic subplots, which go from one nation to another, they called it wandering plots. "A wandering plot" is a set of motifs that form the basis of an ordinary or writing creation, how to move from one country to another and change one's artistic image in the presence of a new medium of one's own.

pidbags

• 
  All the stars of the rules of folk life, including the rules of vikhovannya, are recognized in the usn_y of folk creativity. The structure of a childish folklore is analogous to the structure of a childish literature. Effortless genres of childish literature have been tested and seen on their own, injected into folklore