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Bach's life path is short. A short biography of Bach naygolovnishe

Bach Johann Sebastian (31 (21) birch 1685, Eisenach - 28 linden 1750, Leipzig), German composer, organist, harpsichordist. Philosophical Glybin to the Wisdom and the High Ethical Sense of Bach's creations put his creativity in a row of masterpieces of the light culture. Johann Bach enlightened the achievement of the musical mystery of the transition from the period from Baroque to Classicism. Bach is a non-inversion master of polyphony. Create the composer: "Good tempering klavir" (1722-44), Mesa sі-minor (bl. 1747-49), "Passion for John" (1724), "Passion for Matthew" (one thousand seven hundred twenty seven about 1729), St. 200 spiritual and Holy cantatas, instrumental concerts, numerical performances for organ and in.

Johann Sebastian Bach will be a child in the birthplace of the violin of Johann Ambrose Bach, and maybut this word is designated. All Bahi, who lived in the Girskiy Turing, from the ear of the XVI century. boules with flutists, trumpeters, organists, violinists, bandmasters. Їх musical gifts were passed from generation to generation. If Yogan Sebastian was able to do five, Father presented him with a violin. Vіn shvidko nіy grati, і music has memorized the whole life. The nature, which had lost its native place, Eisenach, slept on all voices, and the little creaky began to maggle into sounds. Yogo happy dignity skіnchilosya early, if the maybut composer has copied 9 rockіv. Yogo mother died, and father died through pik. Hlopchik was recognized by his older brother, who served as an organist in the midst of the city. Johann Sebastian, having joined the school, is the brother of the first class on the organ and claviri. A little less than one vikonannya lads Bulo is not enough - win stretching to creativity. Once upon a time, you went into the distance to make a note of the zavzhd closed shafi zoshit notnu, de brother Buli wrote down the famous composers at that hour. At night, I rewrote її. If the start of the robot was already approaching completion, my brother found him for a lot of busyness and saw his mustache, it was already crumbled ... It was imperative that the sleepless year, with the light of the month, begin to be greeted in the dawn of J.S.Bach.

At 15 Bach moved to Luneberg, de in 1700-1703 rr. navchavsya in the school of church musicians. Let's go to Hamburg, Celle and Lubeck for the knowledge of creativity famous musicians in good time, new French music. Bach's first composers' memories are up to the times of rock - create for the organ and clavier.

The end of the day Bach will be busy hooking up the robot, which will take care of the daily bread and will take an hour for creativity. From 1703 to 1708 he served in Weimar, Arnstadt, Mühlhausen. In 1707 they become friends with their cousin Mary Barbara Bach. Yogo creative interests boules zoseredzheni todi, head rank, on music for organ and clavier. Nayvidomishe tvir that hour - "Capricho on the go of a kokhany brother."

Having gotten off in 1708 at the court musician with the Duke of Weimar, Bach was primed in Weimar, de to spend 9 years. Tsi roki in Bach's biography became an hour of intensive creativity, in which the main place belonged to creators for the organ, in the number of numerical choral preludes, organ tokata and fugue d-minor, pasakalia d-minor. The composer wrote music for long clavier, spiritual cantati (ponad 20). Vikoristovuchi traditional form, Johann Bach brought it to the finest perfection.

Weimar and Bach had blue, the maybutny of the composer Wilhelm Frideman and Karl Filpp Emanuel.

In 1717, Bach accepted the request for the service of the Duke of Anhalt-Ketensky Leopold. Life in Ketenia is the most precious hour in the life of the composer: the prince, illumination for his hour, Lyudin and the unbelievable musician, praising Bach and not enticing his creativity, asking him for his trip. In Keteni bouly, three sonatis and three parts for solo violin were written, a number of suites for solo cello, English and French suites for clavier, a number of Brandenburg concerts for orchestra. Particular interest is presented by the collection "Good Temperament Clavir" - 24 preludes and fugues, written in all keys and in practice, to bring the transitions of the tempered musical mode, near the hardening of the hot super-tunes. In the same year, Bach opened another volume of "Good Tempered Clavier", so it was also composed of 24 preludes and fugues in different tonalities.

Ale without a cold period of Bach's life, which broke off in 1720, the dweller's squad was lost, and the few young children were lost.

In 1721 Bach became friends with Anna Magdalena Vilka. In 1723, a vikonannya of the Passion for John was issued in the church of St. Fomi in Leiptsigu, and Bach didn’t forget to place the cantor of the church with a one-hour visit to the school teacher at the church (Latin and spiv).

In Leipzig (1723-50), Bach became the "musical director" of all churches of the world, stitching behind a special storehouse of musicians and spivaks, sponsoring those newcomers, indicating the necessary things to do and to create some great things. Not being cunning і mankіruvati і not being in the snake of vikonuvati everything summarily, the composer, having repeatedly spent time in conflicting situations, wandered his life and saw himself in the form of creativity. The composer of dosyag at that hour of the heights of the majesty and opening the miracles of the images in the different genres. In the first place, spiritual music: cantati (close to two hundred), "Magnifikat" (1723), mesi (including immortal "Visoka Mesa" Sі-minor, 1733), "Passion for Matthew" (1 729), dozens svitsky cantatas (in the middle - comic "Kavova" and "Selyanska"), create for organ, orchestra, harpsichord (in the middle of the rest it is necessary to see the cycle "Aria with 30 options", so called "Goldberg-variations", 1742). In 1747, Bach opened the cycle of "Musical Offering", the assignments of the Prussian king Fridrikh II. The rest of the robot became a tvir under the name "The Mystery of the Fugue" (1749-50) - 14 fugues and 4 canons on one theme.

In the late 1740s, the rock of Bach's health was lost, especially the turbulence was lost. Two not far away operations with a visible cataract have caused to another slap. Ten days before his death, Bach had unsuccessfully recovered his sight, and then the blow that brought him to his grave was trapped by him.

Urochisti burials wikimed in greatness to the people in the winter months. The composer was praised near the church of St. Fomi, in Yakiy Vin having served 27 years. However, in the course of the territory of the storehouse, a road was laid, the grave was ruined. In 1894, the remains of Bach were known to be woken up for an hour of awakening robots in 1894.

The share of this decline appeared foldable. For life, Bach koristuvavav popular. However, after the death of the composer, the musician Bach began to go into oblivion. Sponsored interest before his creativity in 1820-і rocky, the ear of which was paid by the Victory in 1829 in Berlin "Passion for Matvієm" (organized by F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdі). In 1850, the "Bakhovsky Suspension" was published, as well as the publication of all the composer's manuscripts (46 volumes have been seen for the last half of the year).

Bach - the best figure of the light musical culture... Yogo creativity is one of the heights of philosophical thought in music. Vіlnually grasping rice is not only the genres of genres, alley and national schools, Bakh has created immortal masterpieces, like standing over an hour. Being a great composer of the Baroque era, Bach pioneered the music of the new hour at once. Sered prodovzhuvachіv shukan Bach - yogo blue. In total, the new Bulo has 20 children, only nine of them survived the dad. Four synods became composers. Krim zgadanih vishche - Johann Kristian (1735-82), Johann Kristof (1732-95).

Composer Bach - biography.
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Johann Sebastian Bach is one of the most remarkable members of the famous musical family of Bachs and one of the greatest composers of all times and nations. Vin was born on 31 birch trees in 1685 in Eisenach, and died on 28 birch trees in 1750 in Leipzig.

Portrait of Johann Sebastian Bach. Artist E.G. Haussmann, thousand seven hundred and forty times

Having spent 10 years of his own father, Johann Ambrose Bach (1645 - 1695), Johann Sebastian Bouv wrote about his older brother, Johann Kristof, organist in the place of Ordruf (Tyurkіngіlava) After the death of his brother, 14-year-old Johann Sebastian went to Luneburg, de joining the role of a discant in the choir of the school and health school education... He often traveled to Hamburg to get to know Reinken's organist, as well as Celle, and hear the chapel in the court. In 1703 Bach became a violinist at the court chapel in Weimar. In 1704 he became an organist in Arnstadt, and in 1705 he went to Lubeck to hear from the famous organist Buchstegude and attend to him. In 1707, Johann Sebastian became organist in Mühlhausen, in 1708 - court organist and chamber musician in Weimar.

Bach. Beautiful create

At the end of the day, Bach was deployed in Dresden with the famous French pianist Marchand, for whom he honored the same enemy as the rapist, escaping from the proponent of the musical deception. At the same time, Bach became the court bandmaster of the prince of Anhalt-Ketensky, and in 1723, having cut off the place, he became the cantor at the school of St. Thomas in Leiptsig, which he borrowed until his death. Krym of great trips to Dresden for the recognition of the Saxon-Weissenfelian chapel master and of Berlin (1747). Yogo the most significant work was done here, too, because of the great (especially spiritual cantati) staff of service observances. In the summertime, they didn’t often get blind.

Iogan Sebastian Bach. Life and creativity

Johann Sebastian Bach is not only a genial composer, but one of the most famous victors on the piano and organ. The fellows were the most enthusiastic about him, because, outside of the knowledge of his outstanding composer's performance, it fell on the lot of the younger generations.

Bach buv two friendships: for the first time on her two-year-old sister Marya Barbara Bach, daughter of Johann Michael Bach, she died in 1720, and later (from 1721) on Hanna Magdalene, daughters of the chamber musician Wülken in Weissenfil. Bach having lost 6 blue and 4 daughters to himself; 5 more blue and 5 daughters died before their death.

Mar 29, 2012 Published by Mar 29, 2012 v

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) - the great German composer, organist. 21 birch trees were born in 1685 in the town of Leipzig. The biography of Johann Sebastian Bach has a passion for music, and his ancestors were professional musicians. After the death of the fathers, Johann Bach was recognized by his brother Iohann Kristof. Winnav the maybutny composer gri na klavіrі, organі. Poten Bach Sebastian Johann enrolled in reading school in the city of Luneburg. There it is possible to know the creativity of contemporary musicians, to develop all the time. Between 1700-1703 the rock was written by the first organ of Bach's music.

Having finished the night, Johann Sebastian buv directions to the Duke Ernst to the musician's posad at the court. Then they asked to be seen at the organ hall of the church of the city of Arnstadt, for whom he became an organist. For a whole hour the bulo was written by Bach's helpless creatures. After becoming an organist in the Mühlhausen town. In 1797 Roci Bach became friends with Mary Barbara, his cousin. In the biography of Bach, there were quiet hours of positive devastation. Vlada Bula is satisfied with her work, the composer is happy to create a wine city.

However, Bach knew how to change the robot, becoming for the first time the court organist in Weimar. There are three children in the homeland of the musician. The music of Bach will be reminiscent of the brightest victories of that hour of the singing of the first composers. Let's start hiring Bach, highly valuing his talent, having become the Duke of Anhalt-Ketensky. During the period from 1717 to 1723 Bach's miracles appeared (for orchestra, cello, claviri).

In 1920, Bach's squad died, even though the composer had become friends once again, now in spіvachtsі. Happy family is small 13 children. Bach's Brandenburger Concert was written in Keteni Bouli for an hour.

In 1923 he became a musician as a teacher at the church, and then as a musical director in Leipzig. A wide repertoire of Iohann Sebastian Bach, including svitska, spirit music. For his biography, Johann Sebastian Bach has become a member of the musical collegium. Some of the cycles of the composer Bach were victorious in all the instruments ("Musical Bringing", "The Art of the Fugue").

V the rest of the rock Life of Bach Shvidko Into the Zir. Music yogo todі was respected unfashionable, old. However, at a time in all light of the message music schools Name of Bach, and on the works of the great composer, more than one generation was taught.

ru.wikipedia.org

For his life, Bach wrote 1000 creations for his life. His creativity presents all the significant genres of that hour, except for the opera; win the book about the achievement of musical art from the period of the Baroque. Bach is the master of polyphony. Contrary to the expansions of the myth, Bach went to death without being forgotten. True, in the first place, there was a lot of creativity for the clavier: they were victorious and seen, vicorisovalis for didactic purposes. In the church, Bach's works were played for the organ, in a post-life experience there was a boule of harmonization of chorales. Bach's cantata-oratorial opuses sounded ridko (I would like the singing to be found in the Church of St. sp_vochy decline. Great suspilny resonance was raised by Zelter, twenty Felix Mendelssohn-Barthold on the 11th birch of 1829 at Berlina "Passion for Matthew". They began to find rehearsals, as they performed Mendelssohn - they showed the helpless music lovers. The tribute is not enough of such success, but a concert of repeated repetitions on the day of Bach's People's Day. "Passion for Matthew" was sounded in the same places - in Frankfurt, Dresden, Kenigsberz. The creativity of Bach celebrated a strong inflow into the music of the coming composers, including in the XXI century. Without overshooting, Bach has set the foundations of all music for the new and new hour - the history of music is grounded in pre-Bach and post-Bach. Bach's pedagogical creations are victorious for the signs of dos.

biography

dignity

Johann Sebastian Bach was the youngest, the eighth child in the family of musician Johann Ambrosius Bach and Elisabeth Lemmerhirt. Rid Bakhov vidomy his musicality from the ear of the 16th century: the rich ancestors of Johann Sebastian Buli were professional musicians. At the end of the period of the Church, the Mistsev Vlada and the aristocracy have been used to musicians, especially in Turkey and Saxony. Father Bach is alive and well in Eisenach. In an hour, there were about 6,000 inhabitants in the place. The work of Johann Ambrosius included the organization of light concerts and a show of church music.

Bach came to know in Ohrdruf with the help of his brother, Bach became acquainted with the creative work of the contemporary composers Pachelbel, Froberger and others. You can also, as a result of learning with the robots of composers of Pivnichniy Nimechchin and France. Johann Sebastian spastigav, as if zd_ysnyuvavsya look at the organ and, perhaps, he took his fate [dzherelo not specified 316 days].

At 15 rock Bach moved to Luneburg, in 1700-1703 rock moved to the vocal school of St. Michael. From the hour to the beginning of the visit to Hamburg - the best place in Nimechchin, as well as Celle (de french music) and Lubeck, de vin mav the opportunity to learn from the creativity of famous musicians in this hour. Bach's first works for organ and clavier should be up to the point of fate. I am spinning in choir acapella, bach, jimovirno, gravure on the three-manual organ of the school and on the harpsichord. Here I have taken the first knowledge of theology, Latin, history, geography and physics, as well as, perhaps, after reading French and Italian language. At the Bach Mav school, there is a possibility of meeting with the synchians of the North German aristocrats and the organists, the first for everything, with Georg Biom in Luneburz and Reinken in Gamburz. With help from Johann Sebastian, you can easily, having trimmed access to the most powerful tools from the mustache, on some wines if there is no gravel. At the same time, Bach expanded his knowledge about the composers of this era, first for everything, about Dіtrikh Buxtehude, who has already poured over him.

Arnstadt i Mühlhausen (1703-1708)

At the end of the year 1703, when the end of the day was over, I got the posad of the court musician at the Duke of Weimar Johann Ernst. Unbeknownst to me, exactly what was included in the yogo binding, ale, shvidshe for everything; For seven months of service in Weimar, the fame of a new yak and a viconautsa has expanded. Bach requests for the settlement to see the organ to the Church of St. Boniface in Arnstadt, which is located 180 km from Weimar. It’s the oldest nimetsy place among the family of Bachs. At Serpna Bach took over the post of organist of the church. Pratsyuvati yomu was brought all 3 days a week, and the fee was very high. In addition, the tool is trained in a good standard and new system, Expanding the possibilities of the composer and viconavts. At the same time, Bach opened up a lot of organ creations.

Homeland sounds and bursts of music, the robot teacher couldn’t be able to get in touch with John Sebastian and Vladyka, as it was through the rock of rock. Bach not satisfied with the preparation of the spivaks in the choir. In addition, in 1705-1706 rock, Bach came to Lubeck on his own for a few months, devin learned from Buxtehude, scho the dissatisfaction of the power wicked. The first biographer of Bach Forkel writes, that Johann Sebastian proves more than 40 km away, that of an eminent composer, even the most famous composer, even those who are old-timers put on the basis of summing up the fact.

Prior to that, the authorities had presented Bach with a call to the "wondrous choral superconductor", to drain the community, and in unimportant cheruvati in chorus; ostn zvinuvachennya, mabut, little for yourself.

In 1706 rotsi Bach virіshu zmіniti mіsce robots. Yoma was promoted to a greater and higher place of the organist in the church of St. Blasia in Mühlhausen, the great place in the winter of the land. V offensive rotsi Bach took over the proposition and occupied the music of organist Johann Georg Ale. Yogo pay in proportion from the earlier bulo is increased, and the cost of sleeping is more beautiful. Chotiri misyatsi by that, 17 October 1707 Johann Sebastian became friends with his cousin Marya Barbara from Arnstadt. In the last year, they had seven children, three of whom died in the family. Three quietly, they saw - Wilhelm Frideman, Johann Kristian and Karl Filpp Emanuel - became composers of the year.

Weimar (1708-1717)

Having projected close to fate in Mühlhausen, Bach knew the change of the robot, at the end of the day he saw the place of the court organ and the organizer of the concerts - more and more high position, less than the last one - in Weimar. However, the factors that motivated the robots were a high fee and a good store of professional musicians. The family of Bach settled in a small booth in five chilines walking towards the duke's palace. On the offensive fate, the Persha of the child was born in the family. At the same hour before Baham, the elder sister, Maria Barbary, passed away, as she helped him to lead the domination until her very death in 1729. Wilhelm Frideman and Karl Philip Emanuel were born to Weimar and Bach. In 1704, Bach was known by the Skripal von Westhof, who celebrated a great influx into Bach's work. Create von Westhoff puffed Bach on the stem of his sonatas and parts for solo violin.

Weimar has a trivial period of time to create clavier and orchestral works, in which Bach's talent reaches the stage. At the same time, Bach has selected musical performances from the countries of the world. Create Italian Vivaldi and Corellas, Bach wrote to write dramatic steps, from which Bach learned the masterpiece of dynamic rhythms and flashy harmonic schemes. Bach kindly vivivivy robots of Italian composers, flipping Vivaldi's concerts for organ or harpsichord. The idea of writing a transcript of wines is posed by his robot teacher, Duke Johann Ernst, composer and musician. In 1713, the duke turned from a foreign trip and brought with him a great number of notes, which showed Johann Sebastian. In the Italian music of the Duke (and, as it is possible to bachiti from the acts of the creatures, Bach himself), the cherguvannya solo (one instrument) and tutti (the whole orchestra) were used.

In Weimar, Bach Bula has the ability to grate and fold the organ to create, as well as to use the services of the duke's orchestra. Weimar Bach wrote a lot of his fugues (the most great and we see Bach's fugues є "Good tempering claviers"). For an hour of service in Weimar Bach, I spent my time working on the "organ book" - a selection of organ choral preludes, perhaps for the newcomer of Wilhelm Frideman. Tsya zbirka is stored from obroboks of Lutheran chorales.

Kyoten (1717-1723)

A dozen hour later, Bach returned to the buzz of a larger robot. The old gentleman didn’t want to be released, but on 6 leaves in 1717, he didn’t want to wait for the post-sale about the delivery - even after the second time, letting go “out of mercy”. Leopold, prince of Anhalt-Ketensky, reciting Bach to the bandmaster's landing. The prince, being a musician himself, appreciated the talent of Bach, paid good money and gave great freedom. However, the prince buv kalvinist and did not visit the victorious music of the vitonite at the divine services, so the greater the Ketenian robin Bach bully svitsky. In the middle of the Bach, in Keteni Bach, he sklav suites for orchestra, six suites for solo cello, English and French suites for clavier, as well as three sonatas and three parts for solo violin. In the same period, the famous Brandenburg concerts were written.

On the 7th of 1720, before the hour of that Yak Bach, having crossed over the cordon with the prince, his squad Marya Barbara died in a rape, having overshadowed the few children. At the upcoming rotsi, Bach got to know Anna Magdalena Vilka, a young, highly gifted spivachkoy (soprano), who slept at the duke's court. Stinks became friends with 3 breasts 1721 rock. Unimportant for the profit of the visitor - won the youngster for Johann Sebastian for 17 years, - for all appearances, he is happy [dzherelo not specified 316 days]. They have 13 children.

Leipzig (1723-1750)

In 1723, the vikonannya yogo "Passion for John" in the church of St. Thomas in Leipzigu was issued, and the 1st Bach took the office of the cantor of the church with a one-hour visit to the school teacher at the church, who replaced it. Bach's obligations included the performance of victories and concerts in the two main churches of Leipzig, St. Thomas and St. Nicholas. Posada Johann Sebastian passed the same vicliancy to Latin, protesting was allowed to hire a friend, as if he could rob a robot for a new one, that vicliancy of latin was engaged in PETSOLD for 50 talers per pik. Bach took the posad of the "musical director" of all the churches of the world: he entered into the arrangement of the priest of the viconious, being careful for the new and vibrating of the music for the vison. The composer repeatedly entered into a confrontation with the Moscow administration in Leipzig.

The first sheer of rocky life in Leipzig turned out to be even more productive: Bach of up to 5 cycles of cantatas (two of them, all the time, blushed). Most of these works were written in the Evangelical texts, which were read in the Lutheran church generously and at the saint's hand; Bagato (like "Wachet auf! Ruft uns die Stimme" or "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland") to be grounded on the traditional church spirit - Lutheran chorales.

Stocking a cantati for a larger part of the 1720s, Bach selected a great repertoire for the Victory in the head churches of Leipzig. Years later, I wanted to store and display more light music. At the birch tree in 1729, Johann Sebastian became a member of the Collegium Musicum, a svitsky ensemble, which had been dying since 1701, since Bach's old friend Georg Philip Telemann fell asleep. At that hour, at the great Nimetsian places of the Bagatyon, the gifted and active students of the universities set up some ensembles. Such ob'єdnannya played an ever greater role in the suspenseful musical life; They were often mischievous with professional musicians. Stretching to all the rock, the Musical Collegiate of Dvichi was held two years of concerts in Zimmerman's Cavalry, which was staged not far from the Rink Square. Vlasnik kav'yarnі gave the great hall to the musicians and added a little bit of instruments. Bagato of Bach's works of light, dating back to the 1730s, 1740s and 1750s in rock, boules were stored for a visit to Zimmermann's cavalry. Up to the number of such creatures there is, for example, "Kavova cantata" and, perhaps, claviernі p'єsi zіbіrok "Clavier-Ubung", as well as a lot of concerts for cello and harpsichord.

In 1747, Bach visited the courtyard of the Prussian king Fridrikh II, the king proponed his musical theme and asked right there for something else on her side. Bach Buv Maystrom of Improvision and Immediately Vicon into a three-part fugue. Piznishe Johann Sebastian sklav tsiliy cycle of options on a tsyu theme and sending him as a gift to the king. The cycle was formed with a sketch, canons and three, based on themes dictated by Fridrikh. Tsey a cycle of titles "Musical offerings".

The first great cycle, "The Mystery of the Fugue", without Bach's completions, unimpressed on those written by Bach, shvidshe for everything, back to his death (for the most recent days - until 1741). I have never seen one for life. The cycle consists of 18 folding fugues and canons, based on one simple theme. In ts'mu cycle Bach vicoristav all his rich writing polyphonic creatures... Bach's Death of Bach "The Mystery of the Fugue" published by the Blues, along with the choral prelude BWV 668, which is often graciously called Bach's last robot - in the sense of this, the melodic version is one of two ...

Years later, Bach became more and more girder. Tim is not the man, he prodovzhuvav fold the music, dictating to his son-in-law Altnikkol. In 1750, an English ophthalmologist John Taylor arrived in Leipzig, who is a charlatan who is a lot of the lucky ones. Taylor doubled over Bach's opera, ale of offense to the operas appeared close by, Bach became luscious. 18 years old, unsuccessfully unsupported insight, and even in the evening there was a blow with him. Bach died 28 linden; Possibly, the cause of death was the accelerated operation. The hour, when the list of estimates was lost in more than 1000 talers, and included 5 harpsichords, 2 lute harpsichords, 3 violins, 3 violas, 2 cellos, viola da gamba, lute and sacred books, as well as 52 books.

With a hand of life, Bach wrote about 1000 creations. At Leipzig, Bach taught friendships with university professors. Especially fruitful was the conversation with the poet Kristian Fridrikh Henritsi, who wrote under the pseudonym of Pikander. Johann Sebastian and Anna Magdalena never met with friends, members of the family and musicians from the efforts of Nimechchin. Frequent guests are the boules of the court musicians from Dresden, Berlin and other places, including Telemann, christenings of Batko Karl Philip Emmanuil. Tsikavo, scho Georg Friedrich Handel, one-line of Bach from Halle, just 50 kilometers away from Leipzig, although Bach didn’t work with Bach, I want Bach two in the life of Bach. A lot of two composers, however, boolean by John Taylor, who sang both of them not good before his death.

The composer was praised near the church of St. John (nim. Johanniskirche), one of two churches, after serving 27 years. However, the grave was ruined for good, and in 1894 the remains of Bach were known for an hour of awakening robots from the expansion of the church, de and boules were messed up in 1900. Pislya ruinuvannia of the Church of the Church before the hour of Another Holy War, the ashes of the transfer on 28 April 1949 to the Church of St. Thomas. In 1950, rotsi, which is the name of rock I. S. Bach, a bronze tombstone was erected over the month of the building.

bachology

The first description of the life and creativity of Bach was a robot, launched in 1802 by Iohann Forkel. Folded by Forkel, Bach's biography is based on the necrolosis and discourses of Bach's blues and friends. In the middle of the 19th century, the interest of the wider public before the music of Bach zris, composers and pre-ages began to work on picking up, learning and seeing all of his creations. Merit promoter of Bach's works - Robert Franz, published a number of books about the composer's work. Philip Shpitti's book, seen in 1880, became the upcoming capital story about Bach. On the ear of the 20th century, published a book by the German organist and presenter Albert Schweitzer. I will describe the analysis of this creation, I will come to describe the epochs, in my life, as well as theological food, tied with my music. These books were very authoritative until the middle of the 20th century, if, behind the addition of new technical contributions and retreats, new facts about the life and work of Bach were established, and they entered into a conflict with the traditional manifestations. So, for example, the bulo was established, when Bach wrote deyaki cantati in 1724-1725 rock (he used to be respected, but it became in the 1740s), the bule did not create And the actions attributed earlier to Bach were not written by him. Bully established the facts of the biography. In the other half of the 20th century, there is a lot of robotic writing on the subject - for example, the books of Kristof Wolff. This is also the sense of a robot, as it is called a mistification of the 20th century, "The Chronicle of the Life of Johann Sebastian Bach, Folded by His Widow Ganna Magdalena Bach", written in English writing Ester Meinel as a composer.

creativity

Bach writing ponad 1000 musical works... The annual skin of all creatures is assigned a BWV number (fast from Bach Werke Verzeichnis - Bach's catalog). Bach wrote music for young instruments, both spiritually and svitsku. The deyaky create Bach є with the remnants of the creations of their own composers, and the deyakis - the remix of the versions of their creations.

Best clavier creativity

Bach also wrote a number of works for the harpsichord, many of which can be played on Klavikord. Bagato z cich works є encyclopedic books, which demonstrate the development and methods of creating polyphonic works. Most of Bach's clavier creations, seen for his life, were martyred in the bookshops under the name "Clavier-Ubung" ("clavier right").
* "Good tempering claviers" in two volumes, written in 1722 and 1744 rock, - a collection, in the volume of the skin, which can accommodate 24 preludes and fugues, one for the skin implanted tonality. The whole cycle of music is even more important in connection with the transition to the system of tuning the instruments, so it is equally easy to play the music in any tonality - the first for everything, to the bitter equal tempering of the pitch.
* 15 two-part and 15 three-part inventions - small create, roztasovani in order to increase the number of signs in tonality. It was intended (and vikoristoyutsya dosi) for playing the game on the keyboard instruments.
* Three zbirki syuyt: English syuity, French syuity and Partita for clavier. Leather cycle of revenge of 6 suites, motivated by the standard scheme (Alemanda, kuranti, sarabanda, Zhiga and a necessary part between the two remains). In the English suites the allemand is preceded by the prelude, and between the Sarabande and the lively presence there is only one part; French suites have a number of unnecessary parts to grow, and preludes to come. The syuite has a standard scheme of expanding: the smallest entrance parts, the presence of additional parts, and not only between the saraband and zhygoy.
* Goldberg variations (close to one thousand seven hundred forty one) - a melody with 30 variations. The cycle can be completed in a foldable and unviable manner. Variation will be better on the tonal plane by those who are not on the melody itself.
* Riznomanitnі p'єsi on kshtalt "Overture in French style", BWV 831, "chromatic fantasy and fugue", BWV 903, or "Italian concert", BWV 971.

Orchestrova and chamber music

Bach wrote music for both instruments and ensembles. Create Yogo for Solo Instruments - 6 sonatas and parts for solo violin, BWV 1001-1006, 6 suites for cello, BWV 1007-1012, and partita for solo flute, BWV 1013, - a lot of things that are important to some of the composer's greatest works. Besides, Bach wrote a piece of works for lute solo. Writing vin also trio sonatis, sonatis for flute solo and violi da gamba, supervised by the bass general, and also a great number of canons and richercar, mostly without the need for tools for the performance. Naybilsh significant butt of such creations - the cycle "Mystery of the fugue" and "Musical offering".

Naybilsh vidomi works by Bach for the orchestra - "Brandenburg Concerts". The stench is so named, so Bach, who saw the Margrave of Christianity Ludwig of Brandenburg-Sweden in 1721, thinking to reject the robot at his court; The test was unsuccessful. A number of concerts were written in the genre of concert groso. Bach's works for the orchestra include two violin concerts, a concert for 2 violins in D minor, BWV 1043, and concerts for one, two, three and a chotiroh harpsichord. The presenters vvazhayut, as well as concerts for the harpsichords will only be transferred to the older works of Johann Sebastian, nina ruined [dzherelo not specified 649 days]. Krim Concerts, Bach Sclavs 4 Orchestral Suits.

In the midst of the chamber creations, I especially saw a partita for the violin to my friend, while the rest of the rest - Chaconne. [Dzherelo not specified 316 days]

vocal create

* Cantati. By extending the entire period of his life, a generous Bach in the Church of St. Thomas Keruvav in the cantati vikonannya, the theme of which was chosen by the Lutheran church calendar. I want Bach to be victorious and cantatis of the first composers, in Leiptsigu, to sklav yak minimum, three new cycles of cantatas, one per dermal non-rock and dearly sacred. In addition, there is a sklav kilka cantatas in Weimar and Mühlhausen. On the whole, Bach wrote about 300 cantatas on spiritual themes, from which only 200 went to our days (the rest is at the viglyadi of a single fragment). Bach's cantati is strongly developed for form and instrument. The acts of them were written for one voice, the acts - for the chorus; deyakі vimagayut for the performance of the great orchestra, and deyakі - all the number of instruments. However, the most often victorious model is the following: the cantata is seen as a choral opening, instead of reading recitative and arii for soloists or duets, and all the chorales end. As a recitative, you are encouraged to take the same words from the Bible, which can be read in the same language according to the Lutheran canons. The final chorale is often transferred to the choral prelude in one of the middle parts, as well as one time to enter the opening part at the cantus firmus. Nybilsh vidomimi from Bach's spiritual cantatas є “Christ lag in Todesbanden” (no. 4), “Ein 'feste Burg” (no. 80), “Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme” (no. 140) and “Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben "(number 147). In addition, Bach began to glorify and deyaku a number of svitskiy cantatas, which were timed to the occasion, for example, to the wedding. Among the most famous cantatas of Bach - two Vesilnye cantatis and hotties Kavova cantata.
* Pasioni, or addictions. Passion for John (1724) and Passion for Matthew (Bl. 1727) - create for the choir and orchestra on the Evangelical theme the citizens of Christ, designated for the Victory at the evening at the Strass in the churches of St. Thomas and St. Nicholas. Pasioni is one of the largest-scale vocal works of Bach. Seemingly, Bach wrote 4 or 5 Passions, ale only two times, went to our days.
* Oratorios and magnifics. Naybіlsh vіdoma Rіzdvyana oratorіya (one thousand seven hundred and thirty chotiri) - a cycle of 6 cantatas for a week of development for the period of literary rock. Easter oratorio (1734-1736) and magnifikat are sooner great and efficiently used cantati and may be smaller range, less Rizdvyana oratoria or pasioni. Magnificat іsnu in two versions: a cob (M flat major, 1723) and a big one and a video (D major, 1730).
* Mesi. Naybilsh vіdoma and significant mesa of Bach - mesa sі minor (finished in 1749), which is a new cycle of ordinary. At tsyu mesa, as in the richness of the composer's creations, early create... Mesa nikoli did not go back to the life of Bach - for the first time it became only in the 19th century. In addition, the music did not vikonuvala for recognition through the inconsistency of the Lutheran canon (the new one included only Kirin and Gloria), and also because of the triviality of sounding (close to 2 years). Aside from this minor, four short two-part Bach meshes (Kirin and Gloria) have gone to us, as well as some parts like Sanctus and Kyrie.

rashta vocal create Bach includes a few motets, about 180 chorales, songs and arii.

viconannya

Bach's Christmas music was divided into two tabori: to see the peer-to-peer authentic Victory In Bach's hours, there have not been such great choirs and orchestras, like, for example, in Brahms's hours, and to see the greatest scale of your creation, such as a month with a minor and a pasion, the stench is conveyed by the performance of great collectives. Moreover, in some of Bach's chamber works, there is no instrumentation, this year's version is even worse than the recent version of the performance of some and quiet creatures. In organ works Bach mayzhe nikoli without introducing the registration and change of the minliv. Three stringed keyboard instruments Bach vvazvav for a beautiful clavicord. Winning with Zilberman and discussing with him the attachment of this new instrument, making additions at the stem of the modern piano. Bach's music for some instruments was often rearranged for their own, for example, Buson's re-crossing the organ tokatu and fugue re minor and deyaki іnshі create for the piano.

In the popularization of Bach's music in the XX century, the number of "laggings" and "disappointment" versions of this creation made their contribution. Among them are widely seen Christmas melodies, created by Swingle Singers, and Vendi Carlos's 1968 rock "Switched-On Bach" recording, which has recently become a popular synthesizer. The music of Bach and jazz music, such as Jacques Lussier, were revived. Editing of the Goldberg variation in the style of New Age Vicon by Joel Spiegelman. In the midst of Russian fortunate viconauts, the beloved great composer has tried Fedir Chistyakov on his 1997 solo album "If Bach Prokynetsya".

Share of Bach's music

In the last rock of life and after the death of Bach, the popularity of the composer began to change: his style was respected as an old-fashioned one in a casual classics. They knew who better and were remembered as a viconavts, teacher and father of the young Bachs, in the first place of Karl Philip Emmanuil, the music of which was big in the house. However, many great composers, such as Mozart and Beethoven, knew and loved the work of Johann Sebastian. In Russia cob XIX The capital of Bach's famous and victorious music is especially seen by Fild's student Maria Shimanovskaya and Oleksandr Griboedov. For example, during the introduction of the school of St. Thomas, Mozart felt one of the motets (BWV 225) and viguknuv: "Here, why should you think!" - for whom, having asked for notes, vivchav was buried. Beethoven did the same for Bach's music. The children of wine have gravure preludes and fugues from "Good tempered clavier", and when they called Bach "the true father of harmony" and said, "Strumok, but the Sea yomu im'ya" (the word "Bach" means "little streaks" Johann Sebastian's creation was infused with composers. The deyak in those of Bach's creations, for example, the theme of tokachi and fugue in rem minor, boule bagatorazovo vikoristani in the music of the XX century.

The biography, written in 1802 by Iohann Nikolaus Forkel, has attracted the interest of a wider publicity before this music. All more people saw the music for themselves. For example, Goethe, to finish off the goodness of his life by learning from his creators (in 1814 and 1815 rock in the place of Bad Berk there were boules of viconies of deyaki and choirs of creation), in the leaves of 1827 in harmony from the times of music by itself. " Allegedly, the revival of Bach's music began with the Victory of the Passion for Matthew in 1829 in Berlin, organized by Felix Mendelssohn. Hegel, who introduced the concert, calling Bach "a great, eager Protestant, strong, so bimiti, erudovanny genієm, which only recently have known cinuvati in the new world". At the beginning of rock, Mendelssohn's robot continued to popularize Bach's music and grow in popularity of the composer. In 1850, the Bulo was based on the Bakhov's suspension, marked by the Boule of Zbir, the vivchennya and the extended works of Bach. At the onset of the beginning of the century, the support of the bull carried out a symbolic work on the folding and publication of the corpus of the composer's works.

The XX century has continued to master the musical and pedagogical values of his work. Interest in the music of Bach gave birth to a new ruh of the middle viconians: a wider expansion of the idea of an authentic viconance. Such vicarians, for example, play the harpsichord to replace the bitter piano and good size, now it was taken in the XIX and the ear of the XX century, but in the accuracy of creating the music of the bakery.

The deyak composers caught their heads to Bach, including in their creations the motive BACH (si-flat - la - do - si in Latin notation). For example, Liszt wrote a prelude and fugue on the BACH theme, and Schumann wrote 6 fugues on the same topic. The theme was victorious and Bach himself, for example, in the XIV counterpoint from "The Mystery of the Fugue". The composers took a bagato butt from their works or vikoristovuvali those from them. Attachments є variations on the theme of Beethoven's Diabella, the prototype of such є "Goldberg variations", 24 preludes and fugues of Shostakovich, written for the enemies like "Good Tempered Clavier," fugue ". Choral prelude "Ich ruf 'zu Dir, Herr Jesu Christ" by Vicon Garri Grodberg to sound in the film "Solaris" (1972). Bach's music, among the smallest creations of the people, is recorded on Voyager's golden disc.

Monument to Bahu in Nimechchin

* Monument in Leipzig, built on 23 April 1843 by Hermann Knaur from Mendelssohn's initiative and behind the armchairs of Edward Bendemann, Ernst Ritschel and Julius Hübner.
* Bronze statue at Frauenplan in Eisenach, designed by Adolf von Donndorf, delivered on 28 May 1884. The chapel stood on the Rinkov_y square of the b_lya of the Church of St. George, on April 4, 1938, the bule was moved to Frauenplan with a shortened p'єdestal.
* Monument to Genrikh Polman on Bach Square in Keteni, built on 21 birch trees in 1885.
* Bronze statue of Karl Seffner from the side of St. Thomas Church in Leiptsigu - 17 May 1908.
* Bust of a robot by Fritz Ben in the "Walhalla" monument in Regensburg, 1916 rіk.
* Statue of Paul Birren at the entrance to the Church of St. George in Eisenach, erected on April 6, 1939.
* Monument to Bruno Eierman in Weimar, the first time of the establishment in 1950, but two times of tidying up and of the new discourse in 1995 on the Democracy Square.
* Relief by Robert Propf in Keteni, 1952 rіk.
* Monument to Bernd Gebel Bilya Rink of Arnstadt, built on 21 birch 1985 rock.
* Wood stele Food of Garison on Johann Sebastian Bach Square in front of St. Blaise Church in Mühlhausen - September 17, 2001 rock.
* Monument in Ansbach, projects by Jürgen Goertz, installations in 2003 rock.

literature

* Documents of the life and activities of Johann Sebastian Bach (Zbirnik, translation from nimetskoy, orders of Hans Joachim Schulze). Moscow: Muzyka, 1980. (Book on www.geocities.com (web archives))
* I. N. Forkel. About life, mystery and works of Johann Sebastian Bach. M .: Muzyka, 1987. (Book at early-music.narod.ru, Book in djvu format at www.libclassicmusic.ru)
* F. Wolfrum. Iogan Sebastian Bach. Moscow: 1912.
* A. Schweitzer. Iogan Sebastian Bach. M .: Muzyka, 1965 (with cuts; book on ldn-knigi.lib.ru, Book in djvu format); M .: Klasika-XXI, 2002.
* M. S. Druskin. Iogan Sebastian Bach. M .: Muzyka, 1982. (Book in djvu format)
* M. S. Druskin. Pasioni and mesi by Johann Sebastian Bach. M .: Muzyka, 1976.
* A. Milka, G. Shabalina. Tsikava Bahіana. Vipuski 1, 2.St. Petersburg: Composer, 2001 ..
* S. A. Morozov. Bach. (Biography of I. S. Bach in the series of ZhZL), M .: Young Guard, 1975. (djvu book, Book on www.lib.ru)
* M. A. Saponov. Bach's masterpieces in Russian. M .: Klasika-XXI, 2005. ISBN 5-89817-091-X
* Ph. Spitta. Johann Sebastian bach(Two volumes). Leipzig: 1880. (nim.)
* K. Wolff. Johann Sebastian Bach: the learned musician (New York: Norton, 2000) ISBN 0-393-04825-X (hbk.); (New York: Norton, 2001) ISBN 0-393-32256-4 (pbk.) (English)

Notes

* 1. A. Schweitzer. Johann Sebastian Bach - Chapter 1. Vitoki of the Bach Mistress
* 2.S.A. Morozov. Bach. (Biography of I. S. Bach in the series of ZhZL), Moscow: Young Guard, 1975. (Book on www.lib.ru)
* 3. Eisenach 1685-1695, J. S. Bach Archive and Bibliography
* 4. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - genealogy of the Bach family (web archives)
* 5. Nimechchina has known Bach's manuscripts, which is confirmed by Bem - RIA Novini, 31.08.2006
* 6. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - Protocol to finish Bach (web archive)
* 7. 1 2 І. N. Forkel. About life, mystery and creatures І. S. Bach, chapter II
* 8.M.S. Druskin. Johann Sebastian Bach - side. 27
* 9. A. Schweitzer. Johann Sebastian Bach - Chapter 7
* 10. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - Record in the right, Arnstadt 29 chervnya 1707 rocky (web archive)
* 11. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - written at church books, Dornheim (web archives)
* 12. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - Project for the reconstruction of the organ (web archive)
* 13. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - Record in spra, Mühlhausen, 26 chervnya 1708 rocky (web archive)
* 14. Yu. V. Keldish. Musical encyclopedia. Volume 1. - Moscow: Radianska encyclopedia, 1973 .-- S. 761 .-- 1070 p.
* 15. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - Record in spravi, Weimar, 2 breast 1717 rock (web archives)
* 16.M.S. Druskin. Johann Sebastian Bach - side. 51
* 17. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - written at the church books, Kyoten (web archives)
* 18. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - Protocols sent to the magistrate and other documents connected with the move to Leipzig (web archive)
* 19. Documents of life and business І. S. Bach - Liszt I. S. Bach Erdman (web archive)
* 20. A. Schweitzer. Johann Sebastian Bach - Chapter 8
* 21. Documents of life and activity І. S. Bach - See L. Mitsler about the concerts of the Collegium Musicum (web archive)
* 22. Peter Williams. The Organ Music of J. S. Bach, p. 382-386.
* 23. Russell Stinson. J. S. Bach's Great Eighteen Organ Chorales, p. 34-38.
* 24. Documents of life and activity І. S. Bach - Quellmaltz about Bach's opera (web archives)
* 25. Documents of life and activity І. S. Bach - Description of the fall of Bach (web archives)
* 26. A. Schweitzer. Johann Sebastian Bach - Chapter 9
* 27. City of music - Johann Sebastian Bach, Leipzig Tourist Office
* 28. Leipcizka Church of St. Tommy (Tomaskirche)
* 29.M.S. Druskin. Johann Sebastian Bach - side. eight
* 30. A. Schweitzer. І. S. Bach - chapter 14
* 31. Documents of life and activity І. S. Bach - Rokhlitsa pro tsyu podiyu, 21 leaf fall 1798 rocky (web archive)
* 32. Pressemitteilungen (nim.)
* 33. Matthaus-Passion BWV 244 - conducted by Christoph Spering
* 34. "Solaris", dir. Andriy Tarkovsky. Mosfilm, 1972
* 35. Voyager - Music From Earth (eng.)

biography

Dignity and youth.

Weimar (1685-1717).

Johann Sebastian Bach was born on the 21st birch 1685 in Eisenach, a small Turkic town in Nimechchin, de yogo batko Johann Ambrosius served as a minor musician, and uncle Johann Kristof was an organist. Cotton starts playing music early. Mabut, daddy started playing the violin, uncle - on the organ, and the head of the soprano was accepted into the church choir, which was a moteti and cantati. In 8 years, the boy was sent to a church school, destroying great success.

A happy dignity for the new one in the nine-point age, since he has turned into the mother, and through the rik and the old man. Taking an orphan on a humble housewife, an older brother, an organist in the nearby Ohrdruf; There, the boy knows how to go to school and after continuing to engage in music with his brother. Ohrdrufe's Johann Sebastian has 5 rockets.

If you have accepted fifteen, for the recommendation of the school teacher, he recognized the possibility of continuing education in schools at the church of St. Michael in Lyuneburzi in the pivnichniy Nimechchin. To get there, you had a chance to walk three hundred kilometers. There he is alive at the general boarding school, having gotten a small scholarship, staying at a good school, having a high reputation (so-called rank choir, Mettenchor). Tse buv douzhe important stage in the sanctification of Johann Sebastian. Here, wines have learned through the short steps of the choral literature, tying up a hundred see the maystrom organ music by Georg Biom (this infusion is evident in the early organ compositions of Bach), taking into account the manifestation of French music, as there is the possibility of a little bit at the courtyard of a celestial Celle, and in the posession of Bula there is French culture; In addition, he often traveled to Hamburg to hear from Johann Adam Reinken, the best representative of the Russian organ school.

In 1702, in 17th century Bach turned into Türlingia and served as a "lackey and squeak" at the Weimarsky court, having cut off the organ of the New Church in Arnstadt, in the city, de Bach served until and until the 17th zaddyaki bliskuche proyshov viprobovalny vistupu, you immediately recognized a fee, nabagato overturn those, yak paid your relatives. Winning in Arnstadt before 1707, leaving the place in 1705, they were present at the famous "evening concerts", as having spent in Lubeck, at the party of the country, the brightest organist and composer Ditrih Buxtehude. Obviously, in Lubeck, there was a lot of tsikavo, so Bach provided there for a few months to replace those who were asked, as a result of the supply. The onset of disagreement in the service, as well as dissatisfaction with the weak and hated Arnstadt church choir, like the wine of the keruvati's crocheting, snorted Bach to shukati again.

In 1707, he received the organist's request for the settlement in the church of St. Vlasia in the Tyurinzky Mühlhausen. Also in Arnstadt, the 23rd Bach became friends with his two-year-old sister Marya Barbara, an orphan, daughter of organist Johann Michael Bach from Guerin. At Mühlhausen, Bach quickly gained popularity as the author of cantatas (one of them was nudged for the construction of the place) and was involved in the repair and reconstruction of organs. Already through the river, he left Mühlhausen and moved to a larger place at the ducal court near Weimar: he served there as an organist, and from 1714 - as a bandmaster. Here, on the thirteenth artistic development, the knowledge of the creators of the prominent Italian maestros, especially Antonio Vivaldi, shifted the orchestral concerts of Bach for the keyboard instruments, the robot would help the harmonious melodies of the masterly melodies.

Weimar's Bach has reached the heights of the majesty as an organist-virtuos and a composer, and the leaders of the numerical trips around Nimechchina, the popularity has expanded far beyond the boundaries of the Duchy of Weimarsky. Yoho reputation with the result of the organization organized in Dresden by the French organist Louis Marchand. Participants rasspovidayut, so Marchand did not riziknuv in the appearance before the publication, with impatience checked out, and hastily left the place, making a supernick. In 1717 Bach became Kapellmeister at the Duke of Anhalt-Ketensky, who proponuvav more and more scratches and wiggles. Kolishny Gentlemen, who didn’t want to be admitted to the house, but sat down for “too easy to talk about fun,” but after all, he allowed Bach to see it from Weimar.

Kyoten, 1717-1723.

Throughout 6 years, held at the Calvinist Ketensky court, Bach, like a zealous Lutheran, does not go out of his way to write church music: he is guilty of storing for the court music. To this, the composer has grown into instrumental genres: in the Ketensky period there appeared such masterpieces, such as Dobre tempering claviers (1st volume), sonatas and suites for violin and cello solo, and also a number of Brandenburg concerts (near Brandenburg). The prince of Keten, himself a leading musician, highly appreciated his bandmaster, and for an hour, spent in the whole place, is referred to the number of the most significant periods in the life of Bach. Ale in chervna 1720, if the composer was supervised by the prince's visit, Marya Barbara died like a raptor. At the chest of offensive rock, the 36-year-old woman became friends with the 21-year-old Hanna Magdalena Vilke, a spy, yak, like Bach himself, resembled a kind of musical dynasty. Anna Magdalena became the wonderful mother of the cholovikov; її rewritten by hand without sounding scores. Vona gave birth to Bach 13 children, from which six survived to adulthood (all of Johann Sebastian had 20 children in two children, ten of them died in a child). In 1722, the vacancy of a cantor in the famous school of St. Fomi in Leiptsig. Bach, as if knowingly wanted to turn to church genres, having submitted an example of prokhannya. For the competition, in which two candidates took part, becoming the Leipzig cantor. The price began in April 1723. Leipzig, 1723-1750. Bach's garments yak cantor bouly two families. Win buv "music director", so that he gave for the musical part of the services at all Leipzig Protestant churches, including St. Thomas (Tomaskirche) and St. Mikoli, de vikonuvalis to finish the folding creations. Having become a teacher of the important school under Tomaskirch (founded in 1212), he was guilty of the basics of musical art and gotuvati before participating in church services. Bach diligently vikonuvav strapping "music director"; Well, it’s because of the Vikladannya, it’s very much bothering the composer, who was deeply buried in the light of his creativity. A large part of spiritual music, which sounded at that time in Leipzig, belonged to its pen: there were such masterpieces, like Passion for John, Mesa Minor, Rizdvyana oratoria. Bach's shrine to the services on the right wicked dissatisfaction at the fathers of the place; in his own heart, the composer zvinuvachuvav "wondrous and inadequate in the music bosses" in the current atmosphere of perezlivan and insolence. Gostriy conflict with the school director instrumental music, Nіzh vocal, having tried a number of creations. The triumph of the last ten years of the composer's life was a trip to the Prussian king Friedrich II in Berlin, as Bach was killed in 1747: at the court of the king, a keen music lover, serving one of the blue of Johann Sebastian, Philip Emanuel. The Leipzia cantor gravitated on the miraculous king's harpsichords and, having demonstrated to the overwhelming hearsay his unconverted mastery of the impromptu: tsei tvir under the name Musikalisches Opfer, appropriated to Fridrikh II of Prussia. Bach's non-barren star, on the yak of wine, has already been skirting for a long time, it has become very fast. Mayzhe dumbfounded, I was eager to get an operation from an English doctor-ophthalmologist who was at that time. Two operations, carried out by a charlatan, did not bring Bach relief, and the leaks, which he was able to accept, ruined his health. On the 18th of 1750 BC, it turned into a rapt, and only through a few years there was a blow. 28 linden 1750 Bach died.

CREATIVE

Bach's works represent all the main genres of the era of the low baroque, behind a vignette of opera. Yogo decline includes creating for soloists and chorus with instruments, organ compositions, clavier and orchestral music. Yogo, the creative imagination wicked to life a superb richness of forms: for example, in the numerical Bach cantatas it is hard to know two fugues of the same Budovi. Protest is a structural principle that is even more characteristic of Bach: symmetric concentric form. Carrying on a bagatov tradition, Bach vikorist polyphony yak basic virazny zіb But at the same time, the counterpoint will induce the new one to spiral on a clear harmonious basis - the whole, madly, due to the new era. In Bach's mind “horizontal” (polyphonic) and “vertical” (harmonious), I felt a period of importance and created a miracle of unity.

Cantati.

A large part of Bach's vocal and instrumental music is to become spiritual cantatis: having completed five cycles of such cantatas on a generous and on a saint basis church rock... Before us came close two hundred cich creations. Early cantati (until 1712) was written in the style of Bach's predecessors, such as Johann Pachelbel and Diet Buxtehude. The texts are taken from the Bible or from the Lutheran church hymns - chorales; the composition is stored from decilkoh of albeit short distributions, evoke contrasts in melody, tonality, tempo, viconavskiy warehouse. We can use the butt of the early cantata style of Bach to serve the beautiful Tragic cantata (Actus Tragicus) No. 106 (Hour of the Lord - finest hour, Gottes Zeit ist die allerbeste Zeit). Pislya 1712 Bach to be turned to the last form of the spiritual cantati, as pastor E. Neumeister into the Lutheran household: in this book there is no quotation from the Writing and Protestant hymns, but paraphrases of biblical antiquity fragments In a whole type of cantati, one part is clearly seen, and between them a solo recitative is introduced with accompaniment to the organ and the general bass. One cantati in two parts: for an hour of service, a sermon sounded in parts. Before this type, there are a large number of Bahіv cantatas, including No. 65. 80 The firmament of our God (Ein "feste Burg), No. 140 Rise to sleep (Wachet auf). A special vipadok - cantata No. 4 Christ lying at the kaidans of death (Christ lag in Todesbanden): in these vicoristano 7 stanzas of the same chant by Martin Luther moreover, in the leather stanza the choral theme grows in its own way, and in the final it sounds in simple harmony. No. 82 to replace (Ich habe genug) a rather boring cantata for soprano and orchestra No. 51 Anything you want to praise the Lord (Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen).

The stench of the Holy Bakhiv cantatas was also preserved: the stench was accumulated in the drive of the days of the people, the men of the day, of the ceremonies of the high-ranking individuals and of the very clean-cut vapors. Vіdoma komіchna Kavova cantata (Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht) No. 211, in the text of which bozhevillya nіmtsіv is written in overseas drinks. In many works, like in Selyansk cantata № 217, Bach's style is close to the style of comic opera of this era.

Moteti.

6 Bach motets on nimetsky texts have gone to us. The stench was creepy with special popularity and stretching out to the entire period of the death of the composer, Bully, one of his vocal and instrumental compositions, as they were vikonuvali. Yak і in cantati, in motety vikoristoyuyutsya biblіynі and choral texts, ale in new German arіy і duetіv; orchestral suprovid not obov'yazkovo (yaksho, then just a dub of choir parties). Among the creative genre, you can guess the motet Isus - my joy (Jesu meine Freude) and singet dem Herrn. Magnificat and Rizdvyana orator. Among the great vocal and instrumental works of Bach, I especially respect two developments in the cycle. Magnifikat for a five-part choir, soloists and orchestra, written in 1723, another editorial - in 1730. The entire text, except for the financial Gloria, is the Song of the Great Mother of God my Lord's soul (Luke 1: 46-55) in Latin translation) (Vulgat). Magnifikat is one of the most integral Bach compositions: the laconic parts are clearly grouped into three sections, the leather parts must be repaired and finished with an ensemble; framed to serve as a choir part - Magnificat and Gloria. Unimportant to the stiffness of the parts, the skin can give you an emotional image. The development of the oratorium (Weihnachtsoratorium), which appeared in 1734, will be stored for 6 cantatas, designated for the visit to the Holy Week, two days. The texts are taken from the Evangeli (Luke, Matviy) and Protestant hymns. Opovidach - Evangelist (tenor) - in the recitative of Viklad diyovykh osіb Developed history for the soloists or for the choir groups. The notification will be digested by lyrical epizodes - arias and chants, which are guilty of serving the generals for the flock. 11 out of 64 numbers of orators from Bach's collection of cantatas, altogether miraculously attached to spiritual texts.

Pasioni.

From 5 cycles of Passion, about how to see the biography of Bach, only two have gone to us: Passions for John (Johannespassion), over which the composer started pratsuvati in 1723, and Passions for Matthew (Matthuspassion), in the General selection of creations, mabut, to belong to the author.) The skin of the Passion is composed of two parts: one to sound before the prophecy, and іnsha - to the message of her. In the skin cycle є notifications - Evangelist; parties of specific participants in drama, including Christ, to be victorious as soloists; The chorus of the image is a reaction to those who see it, and the insertion of the recitative, the arii and the chorus - the whole community is sent to the drama. Protest, Passion for John, and Passion for Matthew, it seems like one kind of one is seen. In the first cycle, the image of the mischief of NATO is painted, the prototype of the Savior, from which there is a great deal of time and from the side of the world. Passion for Matthew vipromyuyut love and tenacity. There is no easy way to see between the divine and the human: the Lord through his fellow citizens draw near to the people, and the people are suffering at the same time with him. As in Passion for John, the part of Christ is formed from recitative with accompaniment to the organ, then in Passion for Matthew, it is refined, like a nimbus, to the penetrating sounds of a string quartet. Passion for Matthew is a find of an achievement in Bahian music, written for the Protestant Church. There is a victoriously great Vikonavsky warehouse, which includes two orchestras, two small choirs with soloists and a choir of lads, which is a vicon with a melody to the choral in the rooms, the Passion is shown. The opening choir is the most flexible in the compositional performances of creation: two choirs stand up one against one - the sound of food is sounding and the vague sounds are heard on a few orchestral figurations, like the streams of tears. Above the whole verse of boundless human sorrow, the melody of the chorale is crystal clear and spoky, and thoughts about human weakness and divine strength are widening. Carrying out choral melodies of crumbling here with a vignette main: one of Bach's most beloved tim - O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden - is not less than five times with a vivid text, and a skinny time harmony of the data of brokenness in epizod.

Mesa sі minor.

For 4 short months, it is stored in two parts - Kyrie and Gloria, Bach has opened the same cycle of the Catholic mess (the ordinary is like the last, immutable parts of the divine service), in the middle of the day. It was stored, mabut, in the period between 1724 and 1733 and was stored in 4 portions: first, which includes parts of Kyrie and Gloria, meaning Bach yak vasne "mesa"; the other, Credo, is called "Nikeysky symbol of viri"; the third is Sanctus; in the quarters, some parts disappeared - Osanna, Benedictus, Agnus Dei and Dona nobis pacem. Mesa sі minor - tvіr pіdnesene і magnitude; to take revenge on such masterpieces of the composer's majesty, like the piercingly mournful Crucifixus - thirteen variations on the long-term bass (like passacals) and Credo - a grand fugue on the theme of the Gregorian spirit. In the last part of the cycle, Dona nobis, which is a lightning about light, Bach will play the same music, but in good Gratias agimus tibi (You are dyakuєmo), and there can be a symbolic meaning: I don’t need to ask the Lord for light;

The colossal scale of this minor does not allow victoriousness for church services. Tsei tvir can sound in the concert hall, as if in full blast into the awe of the greatness of the music, it is transformed into a temple, an indication for a listener who is good enough to have a religious experience.

Create for the organ.

Bach wrote all his life for organ music. By becoming an organ chant to the melody I will remain the creator of the organ. і fugue in D minor is stored in Arnstadt (the number of orchestras is also very popular with the number of orchestras); C Minor, C Major, Minor and C Minor - create the Leipzig period (mid 1730 and 1740). : it appeared in the Weimarsky period (it is possible, before the hour is spent at the Vyaznitsa) sakh, at that hour the choral theme is to be heard at the top, Sopranov's voice. In 1739 winners have handled 21 choral obrobka in the library, which is called the Third part of the clavier right (the cycle of views is also given to the Nimetsky organ meshes). Here spiritual hymns follow in order, similar to Luther's catechism, moreover, the leather chorale of performances in two versions - foldable for famous people and simple for lovers. Mіzh 1 747 і 1750 Bach prepared before publication 18 "great" organ choral remnants (so-called Schüblerian chorales), for which the characteristic little bit is a folding counterpoint and the vividness of melodic ornamentation. Among them, the cycle of choral variats is especially seen. Make up for yourself, blessed soul (Schmcke dich, o liebe Seele), in which the composer from the cob motif is a hymn to vibudovuє miraculous sarabanda.

Klavirni create.

A great part of Bach's clavier works was created in the adult life and crops, due to its appearance and interest to musical education. Tsi p'usi was written in the main for navchannya vlast blue and the most gifted scholars, albeit by the hand of Bach right to be re-created in musical perlin. We have a sensible masterpiece of wine and livability є 15 two-part inventions and styles and three-part inventions - Synphonia, which demonstrate різні tipi counterpoint sheets and types of melodies, which show singing images. Bach's New Clavier Tvir - Good Tempering Clavier (Das Wohltemperierte Clavier), a cycle that reveals 48 preludes and fugues, two for the skin minor and major key. Viraz "good tempering" refers to the new principle of tuning keyboard instruments, with each octave lasting 12 pounds in the acoustic sense of the part - pivton. The success of the first book (24 preludes and fugues in all keys) spun the composer to the root of another such book. Bach also wrote cycles of clavier p'єs, written after models of extended dances of this era - 6 English and 6 French suites; more 6 partitas boules published between one thousand seven hundred twenty six and one thousand seven hundred thirty-one under the name Clavierbung. To another part of the Right has gone one more theme and a brilliant Italian concert, in which one can enjoy the stylistic figures of the classical genres and the genre of a concert for clavier with an orchestra. With a series of claviers, the Goldberg variations appeared in 1742, and thirty variations, written for the scholar of Bach I.G. Goldberg, appeared in 1742. More precisely, a cycle of writing for one of Bach's chanuwalks - Count Keyserling, the Russian ambassador to Dresden: Keyserling is seriously ill, suffering from sleeplessness and often asking Goldberg in the night for a new bakhivski p'usi.

Create for violin and cello solo. Has its own 3 suites and 3 sonatas for solo violin great meister polyphonies to set before oneself mayzhe nezdijsnenne zavdannya - to write a chotiri-voiced fugue for a solo string instrument, unhitched by all technical intercourse, which is imposed by the very nature of the instrument. The pinnacle of bach's greatness, the beautiful fruit of yogi natchnennya - the famous chaconne (from part number 2), a cycle of variations for violin, a biographer of Bach F. Shpitt characterizes how "the triumph of spirit over mother." Nastilki f splendid 6 suites for solo cello.

Orchestras create.

In the middle of Bach's orchestral music, there are video concerts for violin with a string orchestra and a concert for two violins with an orchestra. In addition, Bach opens a new form - a clavier concert, a vikorist solo violin part, written before violin concertos: you will vikonuyu on the clavier with your right hand;

The number of Brandenburg concerts can be classified as of the other type. The other, third and fourth quarters follow the Italian form of concerto grosso, in which there is a small group of solo ("concert") instruments "wrap around" with a separate orchestra. At the fifth concert, there is a great cadence for the keyboard solo, and the whole TV is, by the way, the first concert in the history of the keyboard. At the first, third and second concerts, the orchestra will be divided into a number of well-balanced groups, as one is opposed, and the thematic material will go from a group to a group and a vicious solo to the instrument, without the need to interrupt. If I want in Brandenburg concerts fewer polyphonic cunning, the stench is easy to catch by an unprepared listener. Create a great joy, and build yourself up, and the stench imagines the fun and love of the prince's court, at any time in Bach. Natchnenna melody, bright flavor, technical blisk of concerts to spoil the unique achievements of Bach.

Nastilka and blisky and virtual 4 orchestral suites; the skin of them includes an overture in the French style (mostly intro - shvidka fugue - more laid) and low charming dancing parts. Syuita No. 2 with a minor for flute and string orchestra to revenge on the walls of the virtual solo part, which may also be called a flute concert.

In the remains of the life of Bach, the most sought-after peaks of contrapuntal mysticism. A piece written for the Prussian king a Musical offering, in which all possible types of canonical variations are presented, the composer began to work on the cycle of the Mystery of the Fugue (Die Kunst der Fuge), which has become unfinished. Here Bach is victorious and versatile fugue, right up to the grandiose quadruples (you won’t be shaved at 239 bars). It is unprecedented in the accuracy that a cycle is assigned to any instrument; In the early days, the music is addressed to the clavier, organ, string quartet and orchestra: at the first time, the master of the fugue sounds wonderful,

Vivchennya spadshchina Bach.

Bach's work has become overwhelmed by a stretch of pivot. Only the number of scholars of the great cantor at the university had a memory of him, that hour every hour, the butts of his counterpoint messages were in handcuffs. For a whole hour, no one has seen Bach's favorite work, except for the choral chorales published by the composer Philip Emanuel in blue. Duzhe show in the whole sense of history, revealed by F. Rokhlitz: if Mozart went to Leipzig in 1789, in Tomaszul there will be a vison for a new bach motet Singet dem Herrn: “Mozart knows Bach, but he is shy ... the chorus has slept through a few steps, as a result; still a little bit of tact - and wіn shouting: well tse? At the first moment, the whole thing was out loud. If it’s finished, it’s viguknuv in the flooded: you can count on the whole truth! Youmu was told that in school ... take a look outside of reading Bach's motets. The score of the tsikh creatures wasn’t buoyed, so he was pinched to bring the part written. In the quiet presence, from the happy ones they sped, from the drowned places, Mozart opened up around himself a number of voices - on the knees, on the closest stiles. Having forgotten about everything in the world, without getting up at the time, without looking at everything in a pathetic manner, it’s all about Bach’s creations. Winning his copy of the motet and cherishing it even more. The position changed until 1800 to the rock, as soon as romanticism began to grow rapidly, I will respect the history of the Nimetsky art. In 1802, the first biography of Bach appeared, and the author I. N. Forckel was able to rectify the central information about Bach from the beginning. The directors of tsіy knizі rich music lovers rejected the statement about the scale and significance of Bach's creativity. Nice and Swiss musicians welcomed the music of Bach; In England, a pioneer in tsiy galuzi became organist S. Wesley (1766-1837), nephew of the religious actor John Wesley. The first bullets are evaluated according to the merit of instrumental creation. Vyslovlyuvannya of the great Goethe about organ music by Bach velma red and red to tell about the mood of that hour: "The music of Bach is the whole mess of all harmony with itself, it is similar to the Divine thought before the leaves of the world." The song of the historical Victory of the Passion for Matthew under the cherubs of F. Mendelssohn (which began in Berlin in 1829, as if in the hundredth anniversary of the first Victory of the Passion) began to sound and the vocal creations of the composer. In 1850, the Bakhovsky suspension was opened, and it was put in place of the appearance of the works of Bach. The meeting has come to the meeting. New Bakhovskoy suspension was launched immediately after the release of the great: the widening of Bach's decline for an additional view for a wide range of musicians and lovers, as well as organizing the most recent special festivals, The popularization of Bach's creativity was, obviously, not only in Nimechchin. In 1900, the Bach Bulley Festivals were organized in the United States (in Vifleum, Pennsylvania), and the master I.F. Some festivals were also held in California (Carmel), Florida (Rollins College), moreover, to reach a high level.

Important role in scientific understanding the fall of Bach was played by the monumental robot of F. Shpitty's guess; won before tsikh pyr zberigє own meaning. The upcoming stage, having signified the turn of the lights in 1905 of the book by A. Schweitzer: the author proposes a new method for the analysis of the composer's musical movement - the path of manifestation in the new symbolic, as well as “imaginative”, “boyish” motives. Schweitzer's Ideas made a great infusion on the occasional pre-epochs, fostering the important role of symbolism in Bach's music. At 20 st. important additions to bakhovoyeniya outside also the English K.S. Terri, which viv in the science of a lot of new biographical materials, translating the new bakery texts on English mov and published in earnest about the orchestral sheet of the composer. Peru A. Shering (Nimechchina) is a fundamental work, which is a musical life of Leipzig and a role, like a grave in Bach. Serious thoughts about the image of Protestant ideas in the work of the composer appeared. One of the most prominent Bahoologists, F. Smend, made it possible to know the deyaks of Bach's cantati, which were buried in ruin. The presenters were actively engaged in the first musicians from the family of Bach, first of all for all this, and also because of their ancestors.

In addition, since 1900 the Complete Works were finished, which was gone, but in the new there were a few glades and grasses. In 1950, the Bakhovsky Institute in Göttingen and Leipzig with a glance at all the obvious materials and the beginning of the new General Assembly. In 1967, about half of the transferred 84 volumes of the New Selection of Bach's works (Neue Bach-Ausgabe) entered the light.

Sini BAHA

Wilhelm Fridemann Bach (1710-1784). Four of Bach's blues bully are totally gifted musically. The eldest of them, Wilhelm Frideman, is a prominent organist, as a virtuoso did not act as a father. Throughout 13 years, Wilhelm Frideman served as organist in the church of St. Sofia in Dresden; in 1746 he became a cantor in Halle and took over 18 years. We'll go to Galle and often come to the place of living, learn from our lessons. From Fredeman's view, I have lost close to two dozen church cantatas and to complete a lot of instrumental music, including 8 concerts, 9 symphonies, create different genres for organ and clavier, chamber ensembles. Earn merit for a special mystery of the twofold polonaise for clavier and sonatis for two flutes. Yak the composer Frideman saw a strong inflow of his own father and teacher; it is also possible to know the compromise between the baroque style and the varied my new era. As a result, a great individual style appeared, which, in some people, gave rise to the development of musical art. However, Fredeman's creations were made to be foldable for the party-mates.

Karl Philip Emanuel Bach (1714-1788). Another sin of Johann Sebastian achieved great success in a special life, so in professional activity... Yogo is called “Berlinsky” or “Gamburzky” Bach, because he served as a court harpsichord player for the Prussian king Fridrikh II for 24 years, and then he scratched the cantor's place in Gamburz. Tsey, mabut, the best representative of sentimentalism in music, heavy to the turn of strong sentiments, which are not skewed by the rules. Philip Emanuel brought in the instrumental genre (especially in the keyboard) drama, emotional force, but earlier only in vocal music, І making a great infusion on the artistic ideals of J. Haydn. Navit Beethoven nachavsya on the works of Philip Emanuel. Philip Emanuel regretted his reputation as a prominent teacher, and his handler provided information on the correct method of grising on the clavier (Versuch ber die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen), becoming an important step in the development of a very modern art. Influenced by the creativity of Philip Emanuel on the music of this era, a wide expansion of his creations was absorbed, a great part of which was published for the life of the composer. I want a smut in my creativity I borrowed clavier music, Vin pratsyuvav also in the vocal and instrumental genres, vintages become only opera. The great decline of Philip Emanuelya includes 19 symphonies, 50 piano concerts, 9 concerts for the first instruments, nearly 400 works for solo clavier, 60 duets, 65 three, quartets and quintesses, 290 songs

Johann Christof Friedrich Bach (1732-1795), Johann Sebastian's sin, went to another whore, all his life served in the same posad - accompanist and director of music (bandmaster) at the court in Buckeburg. Vin buv weird harpsichord, having successfully put together and published a lot of his creations. Among them - 12 keyboard sonatas, about 17 duets and three for young instruments, 12 string (or flute) quartets, sextet, septet, 6 keyboard concerts, 14 symphonies, 55 songs and 13 large vocal compositions. The early work of Johann Kristof is indicated by the influx of Italian music, which is a panuval at the Bückeburg court; the composer’s style is nabuvay rice, which is to approximate him with the style of the great partner of Johann Kristof - J. Haydn.

Johann Kristian Bach (1735-1782). Young son Johann Sebastian is called "Milanese" or "London" Bach. After the death of a father, 15-year-old Johann Kristian continued his life in Berlin with his brother Philip Emanuel, and had great success in his class on the keyboard. Opera was especially keen on it, and I went to Italy - the classic land of the opera, de nezobrevov having taken the place of organist in the Milan cathedral, and I came to life as an opera composer. His fame expanded beyond the boundaries of the Italia, and in 1761 he was asked to go to the English court. There I spent a surplus of my life, writing operas and making music and sleeping the Queen and representatives of aristocratic motherlands, as well as conducting great success cycles of concerts.

The glory of Kristiana, for an hour overshadowed the popularity of his brother Philip Emanuel, did not turn out to be the same. The weakness of his character became a tragedy for Kristian: he didn’t show off his success and was able to finish early in his artistic development. Vin prodovzhuvav pratsyuvati in the old style, not brutal respect for new trends in mystery; so it was that the lover of London's wisch was delighted to be delighted in the musical skies of new light. Kristian died at 47 years old by the charm of the people. І all the same, pouring into the music of the 18th century. boo significant. Christian giving lessons to the nine-point Mozart. By the way, Kristian Bach gave Mozart no less than Philip Emanuel - Haydn. In such a rank, two of the bakhiv synods actively adopted the folk style of the Viennese classics.

The music of Kristiana has a lot of beauty, zhvavosti, vigadki, and if you want to create it to the “light”, rozvazhalny style, the stench is still covered with warm, low quality, as you see Kristina from the mass of fashionable authors. He was successful in all genres, with equal success - in vocal and instrumental. This decline includes nearly 90 symphonies and other works for the orchestra, 35 concerts, 120 chamber instrumental works, 35 keyboard sonatas, 70 church music opuses, 90 songs, ariy, cantatas and 11 operas.

biography

Johann Sebastian Bach (born 21 birch 1685 Eisenach, Nimechchina - died 28 Linden 1750 Leipzig, Nimechchina) - Nimetsian composer and organist, representative of the Baroque era. One of the greatest composers in the history of music.

Johann Sebastian Bach is a child in the family of musician Johann Ambrosius Bach and Elisabeth Lemmerhirt. Rid Bakhov vidomy his musicality from the ear of the 16th century: the rich ancestors of Johann Sebastian Buli were professional musicians. At the end of the period of the Church, the Mistsev Vlada and the aristocracy have been used to musicians, especially in Turkey and Saxony. Father Bach is alive and well in Eisenach. In an hour, there were about 6,000 inhabitants in the place. The work of Johann Ambrosius included the organization of light concerts and a show of church music.

If Yogan Sebastian got 9 rocky, died yogo mother, and through the rik - daddy, having woken up not good enough to be friends again. The elder brother, Johann Kristof, took the boy to his name, serving as an organist in the Sunday Ohrdruf. Johann Sebastian, having joined the school, is the brother of the first class on the organ and claviri. Johann Sebastian still loves music and does not miss it all the time, do it anyway. At home, history is coming, as well as Bach's passion for music. In Johann Kristoph's work, it’s a shafi that comes with the notes of the composers at that hour, ale, unaffected by Johann Sebastian’s wandering, he didn’t let him know about her. Once, the young Bach was distracted by the scrimmage of the once closed shafi of his brother, and by holding out for the last few months he rewrote himself. If the robot is already completed, the brother has revealed a copy and read the notes.

Bach came to know in Ohrdruf with the help of his brother, Bach became acquainted with the creative work of the contemporary composers Pachelbel, Froberger and others. You can also, as a result of learning with the robots of composers of Pivnichniy Nimechchin and France. Johann Sebastian spastied, as if he was looking forward to looking at the organ, and, perhaps, he himself took his fate.

At 15 rocky Bach moved to Luneburg, de in 1700-1703 rocky stayed in the school of St. Michael. From the hour to the beginning of the visit to Hamburg - the best place in Nimechchin, as well as Celle (de french music) and Lubeck, de vin mav the opportunity to learn from the creativity of famous musicians in this hour. Bach's first works for organ and clavier should be up to the point of fate. I am spinning in a choir a cappella, Bach, jimovirno, gravure on the three-manual organ of the school and on the harpsichord. Here I have taken the first knowledge of theology, Latin, history, geography and physics, as well as, perhaps, after reading French and Italian language. At the Bach Mav school, there is a possibility of meeting with the synchians of the North German aristocrats and the organists, the first for everything, with Georg Bohm in Luneburz and Reinken and Bruns in Gamburz. With help from Johann Sebastian, you can easily, having trimmed access to the most powerful tools from the mustache, on some wines if there is no gravel. At the same time, Bach expanded his knowledge about the composers of this era, first for everything, about Dіtrikh Buxtehude, who has already poured over him.

At the end of the year 1703, when the end of the day was over, I got the posad of the court musician at the Duke of Weimar Johann Ernst. Unbeknownst to me, exactly what was included in the yogo binding, ale, shvidshe for everything; For seven months of service in Weimar, the fame of a new yak and a viconautsa has expanded. Bach buv requests for the posad to see the organ to the church of st. Boniface in Arnstadt, which is located 180 km from Weimar. It’s the oldest nimetsy place among the family of Bachs. At Serpna Bach took over the post of organist of the church. Pratsyuvati yomu was brought all 3 days a week, and the fee was very high. In addition, the instrument was developed in a good standard and was adjusted according to the new system, expanding the capabilities of the composer and viconavts. At the same time, Bach opened up a lot of organ works, including the famous Tokatu re minor.

Homeland sounds and bursts of music, the robot teacher couldn’t be able to get in touch with John Sebastian and Vladyka, as it was through the rock of rock. Bach not satisfied with the preparation of the spivaks in the choir. In addition, in 1705-1706 rock, Bach came to Lubeck on his own for a few months, devin learned from Buxtehude, scho the dissatisfaction of the power wicked. Prior to that, the authorities had presented Bach with a call to the "wondrous choral superconductor", to drain the community, and in unimportant cheruvati in chorus; ostn zvinuvachennya, mabut, little for yourself. The first biographer of Bach Forkel writes, that Johann Sebastian proves more than 40 km away, that of an eminent composer, even the most famous composer, even those who are old-timers put on the basis of summing up the fact.

In 1706 rotsi Bach virіshu zmіniti mіsce robots. Youma was propounded more and more in the temple of the organist in the church of St. Vlasia in Mühlhausen, the great place in the winter land. At the offensive rotsi, Bach took on the proposition, taking over the organist Johann Georg Aleh's dance. Yogo pay in proportion from the earlier bulo is increased, and the cost of sleeping is more beautiful. Chotiri misyatsi by that, 17 October 1707 Johann Sebastian became friends with his cousin Marya Barbara from Arnstadt. In the last year, they had seven children, three of whom died in the family. Three quietly, they saw - Wilhelm Frideman, Johann Kristian and Karl Filpp Emanuel - became composers of the year.

The mischief-makers of Mühlhausen will be pleased with the new services. Smells, without thought, grabbed the plan for the restoration of the church organ, which were the great vitrats, and for the publication of the Svyatkovo cantati "The Lord is my king", BWV 71 (tse bula edina guilty for the life of Baha cantata), the great consul was written before ...

Having projected close to fate in Mühlhausen, Bach knew the change of the robot, at the end of the day he saw the place of the court organ and the organizer of the concerts - more and more high position, less than the last one - in Weimar. However, the factors that motivated the robots were a high fee and a good store of professional musicians. The family of Bach settled in a booth in five chilines walking towards the count's palace. On the offensive fate, the Persha of the child was born in the family. At the same hour before Baham, the elder sister, Maria Barbary, passed away, as she helped him to lead the domination until her very death in 1729. Wilhelm Frideman and Karl Philip Emanuel were born to Weimar and Bach.

Weimar has a trivial period of time to create clavier and orchestral works, in which Bach's talent reaches the stage. At the same time, Bach has selected musical performances from the countries of the world. Create Italian Vivaldi and Corellas, Bach wrote to write dramatic steps, from which Bach learned the masterpiece of dynamic rhythms and flashy harmonic schemes. Bach kindly vivivivy robots of Italian composers, flipping Vivaldi's concerts for organ or harpsichord. The idea of writing a transcript of vіn mіg pozichiti with his robot teacher, Duke Johann Ernst, who is a professional musician. In 1713, the duke turned from a foreign trip and brought with him a great number of notes, which showed Johann Sebastian. In the Italian music of the Duke (and, as it is possible to bachiti from the acts of the creatures, Bach himself), the cherguvannya solo (one instrument) and tutti (the whole orchestra) were used.

In Weimar, Bach Bula has the ability to grate and fold the organ to create, as well as to use the services of the duke's orchestra. Weimar Bach wrote a lot of his fugues (the most great and we see Bach's fugues є "Good tempering claviers"). For an hour of service in Weimar Bach, I spent a lot of time working on the "organ zoshit" - a zbirkoy pus for the work of Wilhelm Frideman. Tsya zbirka is stored from obroboks of Lutheran chorales.

Before the end of his service in Weimar, Bach Buv was already widely known as the organist and mayor of the harpsichord. At the end of the hour the episode of Marshan fell. In 1717 the French musician Louis Marchand arrived in Dresden. The Dresden concertmaster of the volums has responded to the request for Bach and the mastermind of the musical performance with two renowned harpsichordists, Bach and Marchand stayed long. However, on the day of zmagannya z'yasuvalosya, scho Marshan (yaky, mabut, mav in front of him can hear Gro Bach) hastily and then left the place; They didn’t get caught, and Bach was alone.

A dozen hour later, Bach returned to the buzz of a larger robot. The old gentleman didn’t want to be released, but on 6 leaves in 1717, he didn’t want to wait for the post-sale about the delivery - even after the second time, letting go “out of mercy”. Leopold, Duke of Anhalt-Ketensky, recruiting Bach for the bandmaster's landing. The Duke, being a musician himself, appreciated the talent of Bach, paid good and given great freedom. However, the Duke of Buv Calvinist and did not visit the Victory of the Vitonten music at the divine services, the greater the Ketenian Robit of Bach Bully Svitsky. In the middle of the Bach, in Keteni Bach, he sklav suites for orchestra, six suites for solo cello, English and French suites for clavier, as well as three sonatas and three parts for solo violin. In the same period, the famous Brandenburg concerts were written.

On the 7th of 1720, when Bach had crossed the cordon with the duke, the tragedy was trapped: Marya Barbara's retinue died, having overshadowed some small children. At the upcoming rotsi, Bach got to know Anna Magdalena Vilka, a young, highly gifted spivachkoy (soprano), who slept at the duke's court. Stinks became friends with 3 breasts 1721 rock. Unimportant for the profit of the visitor - won the youngster for Johann Sebastian for 17 years, - hey, by all appearances, he is happy. They have 13 children.

In 1723, a vikonannya of the Passion for John was issued in the church of St. Fomi in Leiptsig, that 1 Bach worm, having rendered the cantor's office of the church with a one-hour visit to the school teacher at the church, replacing it with Johann Kuhn's office. Bach's obligations included the victories and concerts in the two main churches of Leipzig, St. Thomas and St. Mikoli. Posada Johann Sebastian passed the same vicliancy to latin, prote yom would be allowed to hire a friend, as if he were robbing a robot for a new one, - that viclianna latin took on PETSOLD for 50 talers per pik. Bach took the posad of the "musical director" of all the churches of the world: he entered into the arrangement of the priest of the viconious, being careful for the new and vibrating of the music for the vison. The composer repeatedly entered into confession with the administrative administration in Leipzig.

The first sheer of rocky life in Leipzig turned out to be even more productive: Bach of up to 5 cycles of cantatas (two of them, all the time, blushed). Most of these works were written in the Evangelical texts, which were read in the Lutheran church generously and at the saint's hand; Bagato (like "Wachet auf! Ruft uns die Stimme" and "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland") are grounded on traditional church floors.

For an hour Vikonannya Bach, mabut, sitting at the harpsichord or standing in front of the choir on the lower gallery before the organ; on the bichniy gallery, the right-handed person went to the organ, the spirits and instruments and the kettledrum were blown out, and the strings were interrupted. Miska is glad to have pressed 8 victors close to Bach's order, and it often became the reason for the super-talk between the composer and the administrator: Bach brought himself up to 20 musicians to recruit, so that he could create orchestras. On the organ or harpsichord gravus, the composer himself will play; as soon as he was in chorus, then he took over a regular organist or one of Bach’s senior synopsis.

Soprano and alto Bach typing from the number of scholars, and tenors and bass - not only from the school, but from the south of Leipzig. In addition to regular concerts, paid for by the Mischief, Bach, with his chorus, sang the vicinities at celebrations and funerals. Imovirno, the same for the cich tsіlei boulei written yak minimum 6 motets. Partly of the zvychaynaya robots in the church, there was a collection of motets of the composers of the Venetian school, as well as deyakim nimts, for example, Schutz; before the hour of the opening of his motets, Bach was inspired by the creation of composers.

Kav'yarnya Zimmermann, de Bach often gave concerts, while writing cantati for a large part of the 1720s, Bach selected a great repertoire for the Viconization in the head churches of Leipzig. Years later, I wanted to store and display more light music. At the birch tree in 1729, Johann Sebastian became a member of the Collegium Musicum, a svitsky ensemble, which had been dying since 1701, since Bach's old friend Georg Philip Telemann fell asleep. At that hour, at the great Nimetsian places of the Bagatyon, the gifted and active students of the universities set up some ensembles. Such ob'єdnannya played an ever greater role in the suspenseful musical life; They were often mischievous with professional musicians. Stretching to all the rock, the Musical Collegiate of Dvichi was held two years of concerts in Zimmerman's Cavalry, which was staged not far from the Rink Square. Vlasnik kav'yarnі gave the great hall to the musicians and added a little bit of instruments. Bagato of Bach's works of light, dating from the 1730s, 40s and 50s, boules were folded for a visit to Zimmermann's cavalry. To the number of such creatures there are, for example, "Kavova cantata" and the piano books "Clavier-Ubung", as well as a lot of concerts for cello and harpsichord.

In the same period, Bach wrote the parts of Kyrie and Gloria of the famous Mesi si minor, after adding some of the parts, the melodies of some of the more poignant ones from the composer's short cantatas. Nezabarom Bakh took home the appointment of the court composer; Mabut, vіn dovgo domagavsya tsiy high post, which will be used as an argument in yogo superheroes with mischief. I want the whole month not to blame the composer for the life of the composer;

Oleksandr Maykapara

Iogan Sebastian Bach

1685 - 1750

Nigholovnіshі life

I.S. Bach is a Nimetsian composer and keyboard player, who is a victor on keyboard instruments (organ, harpsichord, clavichord).
Born in 1685 in Eisenach. The most representative of the most musical family. For life is famous not for the style as a composer, but as an organist and harpsichord. The name of the furnishings of his life is not so popular among his fellow fellows, for example, from Handel.

Budinok in Eisenach, de born by I.S. Bach

Children rocky Bach proviv at Eisenach. Early intimidating the boy's father (Bach was orphaned up to ten years), taking on his elder brother Johann Kristof, who lives in Ohrdruf. At 1700 r Bach moved to Luneburg and went there to the school. Until the end of the hour, there are good gras for organ, keyboard, violin, viola, vikon of the binding of the assistant cantor.
In 1702 r Bach developed into Hamburg with the message of the venerable J. Reinken. As a result, Reinken himself gave a rush to hear about the young Bach's grudge on the organ. At the offensive rotsi Bach ended the Lüneburg School, the attachment was requested to serve in Weimar. I take care of the fate of the new organ in Arnstadt, and as a result, it will harden on the organist's seat. At the end of the day I will go up to 1705 rubles in price in Lubeck, after the message of the famous organist Ditrikh Buxtehude.
In 1707 r Bach moved to Mühlhausen and became the organist of Blaziuskirche (St. Blasia Church). We have a lot of wines to make friends with his two-year-old sister, also a round orphan, Mary Barbara. Marya Barbara gave birth to Bach of seven children, of whom four saw. The two senior synovs - Wilhelm Frideman and Karl Philip Emanuel - became great composers and went into the history of music as a creator of their own musical style.
In 1708 r Bach will banish the settlement of the court organist, chamber musician, and from 1714 - the court accompanist in Weimar. U 1717-1723 rr. we are known as the court bandmaster in Keteni.

Inter'єr of the castle church in Weimar, in Yakiy I.S. Bach vikonuvav his cantati

In 1721, after the rapt death of Marya Barbary, Bach became friends with the daughter of the court musician in Weissenfeld, Hanna Magdalena Wilke. Vona also represents a musical dynasty, a great voice and good hearing. In addition to the cholovikov, Anna Magdalena rewrote the helpless creature. Bach has 13 children, but six of them are alive. Let's see the musician, becoming one of Bach's blues from his whore - Johannes Kristian. (I’ll look at the number of Bach composers in the modern musical culture, the de facto practice of naming all Bachs by name has been established;

The door of the church of St. Fomi, the school is deserted and I.S. is alive. Bach

In 1723 r Bach will remove the navazhlivish, yak showed her life, her posad - the cantor Tomaskirche (Church of St. Thomas) and the Mischievous music director in Leipzig. Win over here until the end of his life. Started to rob a number of trips, including in 1747 in Potsdam, before the king Fredrikh II, improvizuyuchi on a given topic. Turning to Leipzig, Bach broke the theme in the ranks of folding polyphonic p'єs, Overpowered and given to the king. The tvir tse is called "Musical offering".
Bach died in 1750 roci.

Grave of I.S. Bach in the church of st. Fomi

gen_y scale

Bach is one of the largest representatives of the light musical culture. He has created music with all those who are familiar in this hour, with the blame of opera, to what is, in essence, a close orator. From the point of view of musical style, this music is I'll find a point musical baroque. Yaskravo is a national artist, Bach, following the traditions of the Protestant chant and the traditions of the Italian and French musical schools.
The leading genre of Bach's vocal and instrumental creativity is the spiritual cantata. Bach has opened five riches of cantatas, which are developed according to the consistency of the church calendar, according to the text dzherels (psalms, choral stanzas, "vilna" poetry), for the choral roll and in. From the svit cantatas of the most famous "Selyanska" and "Kavova". Vyroblenі in cantatі dramaturgіchnі principle knew vіtіlenya in the months, "Passion". "Visoka" mesa sі minor, "Passion for John", "Passion for Matthew" became the culmination of the rich history of the genres. The central scene in Bach's instrumental creativity is organ music.
Synthesizing from their predecessors (D. Buxtehude, I. Pachelbel, G. Bem, I. A. Reinken) organ music- tokatu, fantasy, Passakalia, choral prelude. Vikonavets-virtuos, one of the most famous of the keyboard instruments at this hour, Bach wrote a lot for the keyboard. Among the clavier works of art, the best place for the loan "Good tempering clavier" is the first in the history of music, the first in the history of music, the artistic creation that was broken at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries. tempered fret. The greatest polyphonist, in the fugues of "DTK" Bach opened the unversioned images, his own kind of school of counter-point majesty, as well as the continuation and completion in the "Art of the Fugue", over the yak Bakh, stretching out the remains of ten lives. Bach's music for violin, cello, flute, oboe, instrumental ensemble, orchestra - sonati, syuity, part, concert - a sign of the significant expansion of the variety and technical capabilities of instruments, improving the knowledge of the instrument A number of Brandenburg concerts for young instrumental warehouses, including genres and compositions, the principle of concerto grosso, have become an important stage on the way to a classic symphony.
For the life of Bach, a small part of his creation was published. The fair scale of Bach's genius, which is a strong inflow on the further development of the European musical culture, having learned the deprivation through the life of death. Sered first potsinovuvachiv - the founder of bachology I.M. Forkel (published in 1802 r "The Life and Creativity of Bach"), K.F. Zelter, whose activity for the protection of that propaganda of the decline of Bach called for the Victory of the Passion for Matthew to be celebrated by F. Mendelssohn's cherubs in 1829 The celebrity, of little historical significance, became an impulse before the revival of Bach's creativity. At 1850 r in Leipzig the Bakhovsky suspension was approved. (For the fruits of the virtue of the Partnership, see our article "Monument to the Holy Musical Culture" - "Mystery" No. 18 (354), 16-30 Veresnya 2006, p. 3).