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Existential and humanistic pidhid in psychology and psychotherapy. Existential consultation. Logotherapy. Humanitarian (existential-humanistic) training representatives of the existentially humanistic approach

Existential-humanistic psychotherapy in psychology and psychotherapy

Bratchenko Sergiy

Mi - to live in the essence, and in that singing world of all - existentialism.

(J. Bugental, R. Kleiner)

Existential-humanistic pidhid (EGP) is not simple. Folding can be repaired in the same name. Start growing up from the cyme, the trochi of history.

Existential direct in the psychology of the winiklo in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century, there are two tendencies on the stick: on one side, the lack of satisfaction of psychologists and therapists was given to them with deterministic glances and attitudes towards people; On the other hand, the tense development of existential philosophy, yaka showed great interest in psychology and psychiatry. As a result, a new trend appeared in psychology - existential, represented by such names as Karl Jaspers, Ludwig Binswanger, Medard BOS, Viktor Frankl i іn.

It is important to note that the infusion of existentialism into psychology has not been intertwined with the appearance of a completely existential straightforward - even a lot psychological schools in those chi іnshіy worlds, they asimilated the ideas. Especially strong existential motives in E. Fromm, F. Perls, K. Horni, S. L. Rubinstein and in. Do not allow to talk about the whole homeland of existential-oriented approaches and development of existential psychology (therapy) in a wide and university sense. At the end of the day, an existential glance at a person appears as if it is well understood and the principle position is finally realized. Somewhat existentially existential directly (in the case of a university sentiment) was changing existentially-phenomenological or existentially-analytical and was a purely European phenomenon. Aleksandr Pislya Other light developments are expanding widespread in the United States. Moreover, there, in the number of the best representatives of the third, the leaders of the third, humanistic revolution in psychology (like, in their own devil, quite a lot of spiraling on the idea of existentialism): Rollo May, James BUD.

Mabut, to that the deyaki of them, zokrema, J. BUDGENTAL will speak about the existential and humanistic approach. You can see it, it’s also ob'nannya tsilkoy primed і maє gliboky sens. Existentialism and humanism is insane, not just the same; and the name of the existential-humanistic physicist is not only because it is not the same, but rather to the principle of spirituality, as it is in front of us who are known for human freedom and inspire their life and health to the full.

Not long ago, in the St. Petersburg Association for training and psychotherapy, the section of existential and humanistic therapy was established. More precisely, it will be said - the official status was rejected by a group of psychologists and therapists, who actually proceeded in a straight line since 1992, if in Moscow within the framework of the International Conference humanistic psychology became our show with Deborah REHILLI, the student and the last lady of J. Budgethal. Let Deborah and her colleagues Robert Nader, Padma Katelli, Lanir Clancy and іn. Spent a stretch of 1992 - 1995 rr. in St. Petersburg 3 seminar-training on EGP. At the promises and seminars, the group discussed the removal of information, basic ideas and methodical aspects of robotics in a straightforward manner. In such a rank, in the capacity of the basic (but not the only) section of existential and humanistic therapy, the vibra pidhid of J. Budgetal, the main position of such an offensive. (Ale persh kilka words about our old problems: how can we tell them? Root, then vin Abram Maslov, and if in the vocabulary, then Eybraham Meslow, - ale nabuvayut at once the name of the name, for example, Ronald Laing, Vin Leung. imovlyaty yogo so, how to fix it yourself - BUDGENTAL.)

From the same position to the approach of J. Budzhental, who is himself called life-changing therapy.

1. Behind some private psychological difficulties in the life of people, there are more problems (and I do not think it is clear) and the problems of freedom of vibration and perception, of the sense of what the people want What kind of light? etc. The EGP has a therapist who has a special existential hearing, allowing him behind the facade of the declared problems and the scarg of the client to catch the prikhovani existential problems and cries. In tsomu i polyagaє Sens zhіzneіzmenyayuschey terapії: klієnt i therapist spіlnimi zusillyami namagayutsya dopomogti Perche zrozumіti sposіb Yakimov vіn vіdpovіdav on ekzistentsіynі power Svoge Zhyttia, i exchange glances deyakі vіdpovіdey of such rank, dwellers zrobiti Zhittya klієnta bіlsh avtentichnoї i bіlshe povnotsіnnim.

2. The EGP primed itself on the life of the human being in the skin of the people and spokonvichne povazi to the unique and autonomous. This also means that the therapist assimilates the fact that a human being in the depths of his day is pitilessly inadequate, and one cannot acquire knowledge until the end, so that he himself can act as a jerel snake in a strong butt, so that he can clarify the prognosis of the results.

3. At the center of respect of the therapist, which is the practice in the EGP, there is a sub-activity of the people, that, as well as J. Budgetal, the internal is autonomous and intimate with reality, in which we live most of the time. Sub'activity is the price of our experiences, pragmatism, thoughts, trivialities ... everything that comes to be found in the middle of us and is the origin of those who are robustly calling, and the smut is robotized because of the fact that we are there with us to trample. The sub-activity of the client and the head of the head is the moment of the report by the therapist, and the sub-activity of the head is due to the help of the client.

4. Do not exclude the great significance of the past and the future, the EGP will play the role of introducing robots into the world, which at the given moment is effectively alive in the sub-activity of people, which is relevant here and now. Itself in the process of living without interruption, including the coming of the last may be, you may feel and once again understand the existential problems.

5. EGP asks for more direct alignment, locus of comprehension by the therapist, for getting into therapy, for a lower number of techniques and attributions. According to any situation, it is possible to occupy (or not to occupy) an existential position. To that end, it’s possible to develop a dazzling development of minds and the wealth of victorious psychotechnics, including to navigate such, if you’re able to, I’m glad to be able to help you with the development of robotics and so on. D. 'activity; the therapist's mystery as once and for all the building is adequate to store the entire wealth of arsenal, not going over to manipulation. Itself for the formation of a psychotherapist's mystery, Budgetal described 13 main parameters of therapeutic robots and developed a method for developing the skin from them. At my glance, such a glimpse and retreat of the program for expanding the sub-active abilities of the therapist can hardly be praised for the first time.

The plan of the Existential-Humanistic Therapy Section is to enter further into the development and practical exploration of all the wealth of the theoretical and methodical arsenal of the EGP. Before taking part in the robot section, I ask all those who need to take an existential position in psychology and life.

List of Literature

For the preparation of this robotic bully vikoristani materials from the site http://www.temenos.ru/

Gestalt - і existential therapy є disputed types of psychotherapy. Gestalt therapy has evolved from the midst of existential and phenomenological directly, like vidomo, existentialism and gestalt psychology, warehouse turns of gestalt therapy, viroblyamo from phenomenology.
U 50-i pp. F. Perls and L. Perl called gestalt therapy an existential analysis and respected one of the forms of existential therapy. Piznish in 60-70 rr. Gestalt therapy has come up with a whole lot of readiness: she has formulated her own powerful conceptual and methodical apparatus and has taken shape in a whole independent psychotherapeutic school. In our opinion, on today's day, the theoretical cordon of gestalt - and existential therapy to make it clear, but in practice, the clarity is lost, often sessions of a gestalt therapist are similar to an existential therapist as much as an existential therapist. Bob Reznik, vidomy Gestalt therapist from Los Angeles, being his enemies about the practical robot of Jim Bujenthal, it seems like a real robot with a wiggle client may be so much like a therapy robot, a Gestalt therapist, a theoretic therapist, First and foremost, gestalt therapy is a widespread existential phenomenon in its practice. How is it to become the essence of an existential approach? In order to adapt at the price of feeding the animals, we are feeding the animals to the forefront of existential and humanistic directing in psychotherapy, as having taken out their development in the USA and linked with the names of Rollo Mei, James Buranthal
The existential idea is to put in the center of respect the fact of the existence of people, yo buttya, the life of people as a whole. Existential insight from sponuyus to Lyudin Shukati, referring to the food: “What does it mean that we are alive? How is it that we are robbed of the wonder of our sister? How can we most of all and surely realize what is potentially laid down in our nature? "
The specifics of the existential approach to the field is that, at every stage of the journey, it spirals on the singing philosophical position and serves as the basis for a whole series of psychotherapeutic approaches. So at the Entrance, you can learn from psychotherapists, as they take over for themselves existentialists, and at the same hour, pay themselves to other psychotherapeutic schools, they call themselves psychoanalysts, Jungians, gestalt psychologists and humanistic ones. Essentially, the existential message provides a general context for psychotherapy (Bugental & Sterling, 1995).
The essence of the existential approach of a polyag is in the fact that I will turn my respect to the whole human being: “Lyudin is turning over the bag of her parts” (Mau, 1958). This idea is widely developed in gestalt therapy. An existential therapist to turn to an intrinsic specialty, and to look at the citizenship of ethics is not like being captured or broken, as it is possible to gain an understanding of what is possible, and how to experience, what people are thinking and you can become a dashboard for your internal development.
It is fundamentally important for an existential approach є those who are human beings є are the same organisms in nature, who can learn to learn and at the same hour to learn their learning. It’s building up to reflective learning to lie at the heart of the process of special change in psychotherapy. Reflexively assimilated is the ability to change and transform the transition from blocks to an authentic life, but also to the central institutions of existential and humanistic psychotherapy.
To specific understandings of existential therapy є the manifestation of existential "danist" (Yalom, 1999). Existentialism vvazhayut, but the life of the people with the singular, persistent and invincible minds, which are called "given", it is from them to bring into the life of a concrete people inevitably surroundings, or "confrontation of justice". Yalom vidіlyaє 4 "danosti": death, freedom, deafness. Isolation, Budgetal describes 5 “realities”: solidity, goodness, freedom and goodness to the point of view, lack of blindness and shock to the senses, goodness and connection (Bugental & Kleiner, 1993).
If people want to see people at the time of "given", it is possible to see patterns of such views, which are included in the systems of constructs "I-and-Svit" (Bugental, 1987). The system is to take revenge in its main ways, how people can cope with troubles, reach the goals and at the same hour surround the area of their own understanding. From the point of view of the existentially-humanistic approach to clinical symptoms and stress, from which clients come to therapy, they may be guilty of being root in the patterns of ideas at the time of the “given” of human consciousness.
The specifics of the practice of an existential approach to the field is in the fact that psychotherapists are in a larger world to educate psychotherapists in a special way, but also to provide a set of specific technologies and receive robots. A taste of the wide range and freedom of victorious technicians, who are stagnant in existential therapy, but for them it is not technology, but the principles of practical robotics.
Unimportant to the mind in a concrete way, the work of psychotherapeutic robots is based on a number of basic principles that help psychotherapists to look at an existentially humanistic approach.
D. Bugental named 4 main principles of the clinical practice of the existential therapist (Bugental & Klainer, 1993):
1. Existential transmission of transmission, for psychological distress, with which clients go to therapy, and more
glibokі and often associated existential problems. An existential therapist has an hour to wiggle a special “existential hearing”, allowing the patient's problems behind the facade to catch the sound of the ecstatic existential problems.
2. Existential pidhid runtuyutsya on crazy povazi to the uniqueness of the skin specialness. This means that the value of the client's particularity, the autonomy and unrepeatability, the therapist put in therapy a variety of psychotherapeutic theories and interpretation.
3. Existential pidhid to put in the center of respect for the client's experience of his own boot, assimilation or sub'activity. The focus of the robotic existential therapist is the sub-activity of the client, or the inner cause of his experience. An existential therapist develops in their clients' buildings to a greater degree of internal knowledge and perception of their strengths and resources, their emotional and intellectual development, as well as the process until the end of life. The waste of people’s perception of the knowledge of their own inner vision of being looked at in existential therapy in the form of distress, changing to an ever more pure and authentic life.
4. Existential influence on the importance of living sub'active life for the process of psychotherapy. All of the time frames - passed and maybut - are looked at in all the time frames before the middle. Do not interfere with the knowledge of the past and the announcement about the maybutt on the emotion and the day, as well as in the present, the existential psychotherapist is constantly focusing his respect on the fact that it is “alive” and urgently subjectively. The very existential therapist of hearing is not only those who tell the client about their past and maybut, but those who are like it. It is important to admit that the existential problems of the patient and the life of the turbot are developing their own sense only in the context of the middle-aged experience of the human being in the light of day.
As a matter of fact, to the abdominal principles of existential targeting, it caused distress more often than not. It’s hard to go back to the early traumas, growing up and wrinkles can only come to the path of confrontation with the emotions and manifestations that occur in the weather. (The main principle of knowledge is the best in gestalt therapy).
These are the basic principles of existential therapy. Now it is becoming brutalized to the actual processes, which are seen in psychotherapeutic practice. Why should we rob an existential therapist?
Guidance is the third principle of existential approach to the patient, which means that the part of the therapist's mind is focused on those who help the client to focus their respect on the internal perception of the psychiatrist of the vigorous internal health, on the sphere of Rollo May having written: “The central knowledge and opinion of the psychotherapist is in the fact that the patient's eyesight is like a butt, like a butt in a special light. All technical problems are secondary in relation to such intelligence, having laid the foundation, the psychotherapist will deny the ability to help his patient learn and easily experience the knowledge of his powerful mindfulness, psychotherapy. To perceive your own power buttya means to gradually perceive the intensity, depth and without interruption of the internal flow of sub-active experiences. Byudzhengal is the beginning of the sub-activity by the offensive rank: “The innermost is detached and the inner reality, in which one is alive, is most reliable. Elements and structures of the world of reality є our thoughts, thoughts, feelings and emotions, values and revelations, learning and fighting, fantasies and dreams - and all in all, but in an endless stream of as our vchinki in the last light, so also those who are robust because of the date before they visit us there ... Vaughn is also the root system of our intelligence, without the mobilization of such psychotherapy it cannot be successful ”(Bugental, 1987).
Existential and humanistic therapy has come to a special respect for food, as to put life:
“What do you show yourself, і hto ty є? Who is the light? Would you like to bring satisfaction? What will happen to you? How can you get it in order to help you in your life? "Vazhlivo pіdkresliti scho konfrontatsіya of tsimi power Mauger figure out vіdchuttya zhittєvoї Sealy i zadovolennya, abo stvoryuvati vіdchuttya frustratsії i porozhnechі, ale sama through doslіdzhennya sub'єktivnostі klієntіv naybіlshoyu mіroyu rozkrivayutsya i opratsovuyutsya zhittєvі bazisnі Paterno, SSMSC strukturuyut їh vnutrіshnіy's World, for scho vіdpovіdayut seeing them their own insight in the light. In addition, if there is no sense of life paterns of clients not to bring them satisfaction and relieve pain, it is necessary to repeat the experience and changes. It is a very important, often painful and painful process, such as a visitor to a child, as a client, as well as a therapist, who is guilty of taking a client's husband and taking control of the style, passing through the stage of a child in 1993.
In such a rank, the maintenance of sub-activity and awareness of clients' access before experiencing the power of the boot, constitutes the main task of existential-humanistic therapy.
In order for the process of existential therapy to get through efficiently, it is important that the psychotherapist and the client will continue to get into therapy, so it is necessary that the stench of the “bully is present” is necessary. The concept of the presence of a bull was broken by D. Bugental and was called the jaw stone of psychotherapeutic mystery (Bugental, 1987).
Presence is the essence of knowledge in a situation, for example, if the client and the therapist are so willing and able to take part in the psychotherapeutic process, it is quite possible. The presence is developed through the mobilization of sensitivity, as it is in two forms, such as internal sensitivity to sub-activity, and as outwardly - to the situation and to the other people.
An effective existential therapist Volodya is sensitive to the point of being a commendable and fair client of being present in a psychotherapeutic situation, because of the unique nature of being present, taking part in a psychotherapeutic The therapist also respects those who have a problem, with which the client has returned, it is actual to be worried and described about the life of the internal and perceived sub-activity, but not to be forced to do it. At the same time, the day is presented as a problem and it is urgent not to be worried about the client, to become too abstract and non-specific, and because the client is not present in the therapy.
It’s a nezdatnist way of being present in this way, as a client of the unique introduction of his sub-activity into psychotherapeutic work. In exactly the same way, the client is unique and his own social inclusion in life. An existential psychotherapist will direct his mind to those who want to include the client in therapy, and, also, in life. From the point of view of the existential approach to all the ways of unifying the presence of the forms, the support of the client, who are guilty but operated by the psychotherapist. It is important that the psychotherapist does not just run after the presence of the client, but he also perceives the presence of the client, and he doesn’t need to show more of the presence in the casual with the client, the power of loving a subtle presence.
Boldly on the importance of the client's sub-activity, the existential-humanistic psychotherapy is brought up to the client's problem as before dzherel, which asks the motivation to the robot and directly to the psychotherapeutic process. Existential and humanistic psychotherapy is utterly out of the question, so that the locus of therapeutic changes is found only in the middle of the client, and that there is potential in the middle of the client, that there are only those in the middle of the client that An existential therapist vazhaє, so just like that, there are many meanings and trivial changes in life structures. For ekzistentsіyno-gumanіstichnoї psihoterapії not uyavlyayut great іnteresu pіdhodi psihoterapevtichnih shkіl, SSMSC namagayutsya vprovaditi klієntu spetsifіchnu teorіyu i іnterpretatsіyu Ekzistentsіalnі therapist vvazhayut scho therapist is not Mauger Dachi іnsayt klієntu, іnsayt tіlki todі Mauger sluzhiti Jerel for Change, if vіn viplivaє of dosvіdu klієnta i vіdpovіdaє Yogo internal sub-active experiences. Existential impulse does not prohibit the meaning of caution, analysis, interpretation and ringing of the therapist, albeit admittedly, all the stench may seem to the senses, as if the stench expands and dies.
From the point of view of existential-humanistic psychotherapy, the psychotherapist's meta is not the style of being able to take a patient, but in order to help you to show strength before tsiy internal doslіdzhennyu.
The process of internal lodging is given a special role in existential therapy, in which names are given by the process of jokes. Poshuk is a natural sub-active spontaneous process, which initiates to start, if people are stuck with the importance of life. The whole process is the basis of the experience, creativity and visualization. D. Bugental is looking at the process of showing life and vvazhaє, but maybe it can be a dzherel, but life is asked directly (Bugental & Sterling, 1995). According to the day, the existential therapy is aimed directly at the natural process of giving a message for changes in the course of psychotherapy. To master the process of a joke is to mean bringing an unappreciated mystery to the practicality of living situations. Psychotherapy possesses the most basic way of seeing the therapeutic robot by the client, the way of opening up his inner light, the way of making it more mindful of his individual potential, more obvious assimilation of his own. Poshuk is the basis for other psychotherapeutic processes. In the course of psychotherapy, the process of joking will be last and step by step. Winning the attention of a client of fair concentration in the middle of oneself, taking the position of the listener, but respectable in terms of handling until the quiet processes, which are seen in the middle of the hearing. Poshuk is the process of self-admission and self-awareness, if the client enters into the closure of his inner buttons and starts to learn a lot, so there is great value for his life. Otzhe, the joke is introduced in the central place in the existential-humanistic therapy, and the development of the joke is to become the mystery of the existential therapist.
This is the therapeutic essence of the existential approach. What is the rank of tsei pidhid vikoristovuyutsya in gestalt therapy?
F. Perls called gestalt therapy a single true existential therapy (Perls, 1969). The precursors of Gestalt Therapy were magical to bring Gestalt Therapy into the most existential form of therapy, like spiraling onto the phenomenological ontology of learning,
The first thing for everything, gestalt therapy is to see an existential look at a man, like a beauty, like an endlessly open light and open up your new possibilities. At the center of uvagi gestalt therapy - a lyudin, who is experiencing his joys, losses, fellow citizens. Gestalt therapy is shown to the client, as a life of justice, to vibrate his own knowledge, to comprehend and organize his life and to see for himself. As an existential therapy, gestalt pidhid widely vikorystuyu processes of assimilation, it is impossible to grow without an average experience more clear and varied, it is brutalized to a mediocre experience (Robbie, 1998).
Similarly to existential therapy, metagestalt therapy is to help clients learn not only to stink, but to stink. In the course of therapy, the gestalt therapist grows more efficiently at the process (on the one who sees it), and not on the snake (not on the one that the client is talking about) (Enrayt, 2000)
Gestalt therapy, as it is itself and existential, doesn’t give a mediocre awareness), you won’t appreciate the true knowledge of those who are bestowed in the experience, in the knowledge. On the basis of an existential approach, Gestalt therapy is not only practiced without prior knowledge, but rather systematically, directly learned (Perls, 1995). It is also like in an existential approach, an insight in a gestalt therapy of a vaping from the client's notice, a protest of the concept of insight in a gestalt therapy - the concept of a field. Insight is a mindfulness of the structure of a pre-sentient situation. Broad field theory is becoming a vision of gestalt therapy from existential therapy.
It is important that in the center of gestalt therapy we are going to get over therapeutic weddings. In the interest of being a therapist and a client to look at in an existential context, as two human beings, as a unique and unrepeatable inner light. For the gestalt therapist, it is interesting to be the therapist and the client who are experiencing and assimilating their vision. Gestalt therapy has great respect for the development of therapeutic ideas, which are based on turbot, dovir, accept. Therapeutic messages are twisted through the dialogues of the I-TI. Dialogue is a special form of contact, the participants develop a statement to the basic one to a sub'kta, as to an independent and independent specialty, dialogue of the development of an individual, based on authenticity, 1993).
What is the rank of more existential reason to be victorious in gestalt therapy? Likewise, in existential therapy, gestalt therapy of animals, I respect the presence of the therapist. It is necessary that the therapist will help his client with respect, caution, special experience, in addition to helping you to read and trust your own middle-aged experiences and victorious to grow up to learn. The most unprecedented experience of the therapist is a more powerful tool for improving the understanding of the client in gestalt therapy, not for interpreting and commenting on theories. The special presence of a psychotherapist is to achieve a strong therapeutic factor of gestalt therapy, which is a combination of existential therapy. However, as D.Bujenthal said, the gestalt therapist is more active, and sometimes I take a directive position, in accordance with an existential therapist.
All of them do not show how the existential psyche permeates the gestalt therapy, and, in our opinion, rob the gestalt therapy with such an effective and addictive approach. Unimportant to the similarity of existential and gestalt therapy, offending therapy, clearly, I can clearly see between contacts, as the boundary passes in the area of significance of the client's internal awareness.
The price for us would like to be especially pidkresliti. As existential therapy concentrates its respect on internal processes In the experience of a client's sub-activity, then Gestalt therapy in the center of his respect is to put contact, a cycle of stimulation and destruction of Gestalt, as well as ways of receiving and reconnecting to contact. Robot with contact - the specificity and re-negotiation of gestalt therapy, protest, in practice, the development of all the development of psychotherapeutic robotics, up to the particulars of contact between the therapist and the client, from our point of view, quite easily. This can be manifested in the fact that the psychotherapist does not give in to the client's inner experiences, to his sub-activity, not to open up the client's problems in a wider and more complex message context. Tsіmezhennya can also amuse the powerfully therapeutic vіdnosini іkh quivering intimacy, as it is so necessary for reference and real changes in the life of the client.
At our glance; They can be in the meaning of the world of knowledge, the founders are well-known and specific practical methods and techniques of existential therapy, very sportive, as they have failed to show, gestalt therapy. Intelligence of the essence of the existential approach and knowledge of the principles of yogo practical sucking It is also possible for gestalt therapists to develop their sensitivity to existential aspects of the psychotherapeutic process and to allow more actively and learned from their robots. First for all the principles of the existential approach to create the power for more effective vicarystanny in gestalt therapy of quiet resources for change, such as laying in the processes of the inner flow of sub-active experience of the client, in the process of making a joke. The goal is to make the gestalt therapist robot feel great, great and helpful. Aje gestalt therapy is a therapy that is based on the fundamental change of life.
literature
1.Bugenthal D. The Science of Bootie We Live. M., Klas, 1999.
2.Buber M. I і ti. M. +1993.
3.Perls F. and ін. Workshop on gestalt therapy. S-Pb., 1995.
4.Robin Zh-M. Gestalt therapy. M., 1998.
5. Yalom I. Existential psychotherapy. M., 1999.
6 Bugental J. The art of the psychotherapy. N.Y. 1987.
7 Bugental J & Kleiner R. Existential psychotherapies. In Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy integration, (Ed.) Striker G. & Gold J. N.Y. One thousand nine hundred ninety three.
8. Dublin J. Gestalt therapy, Existential-gestalt therapy and / versus Perls-ism. In The growing edge of gestalt therapy. (Ed.) Smith E. N.Y. 1976.
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10. Perls F Gestalt Therapy Verbatim. Cat. Real People press, 1969.

Taking the ear in humanistic psychology and robots and the forebears - K. Rogers, R. May, A. Maslow and I. The core of the whole journey is in the minds of people, because of the unrelated and principled integrity of the spirit, psyche and spirit, and apparently - in the savage to the integral experience (happiness, grief, failure, before aspects, processes and manifestations. The categorical apparatus of the humanitarian approach includes the manifestation of "I", identity, authenticity, self-realization and self-actualization, special development, existences, sense of life, etc.

There are a wide variety of methods for dressing: non-directive client-centered psychotherapy (K. Rogers), psychological counseling(R. May), bioenergetics (V. Reich), sensory assimilation (S. Silver, C. Brooks), structural integration (I. Rolf), psychosynthesis (R. Assagioli), logotherapy (V. Frankl), existential analysis ... Meya and J. Bugental, i in. From here, it is possible to introduce art therapy, poetry therapy, therapy for creative self-expression (M. Ye. Burkhlivo), muicotherapy (P. Nordoff і K. Robbins) and іn.

In the process of his own sensation, people become aware of the realities of sensation: death, freedom, isolation, blindness. Smell vikonuyut the dynamic function of the introduction to the people - sponk the development of yo specialty, yogo becoming. If it’s painful for them, then people will prey on them, so they often lead to deprivation of the problem to an illusory view.

Staying from a similar kind of slurs, people can go along a destructive (numerical form of psychological development) path of development, so along a constructive path - unaffected by fear, people allow themselves to get lost in a kind of productive situation, function.

Post-issue with the problem in case of unavoidable experience constructively for the development of one's own specialness to frighten people with a neurotic.

The head meta robots with the client within the framework of the given approach to the field in order to help the client switch from the destructive path of psychological attacks to the constructive path of clear consciousness and experiencing the reality of his vision.

Existential behavior is stagnant in people, if clients appear in an extreme situation, connected with an existential problem: death, transient periods in a special life, taken by robots

It is possible to see the given of the sensation, to wick at the people of the existential crisis and to the triviality of being tied to them.

1 To - the knowledge of the inevitability of death and the prosperity of life. Leadership: to bring the client to such a lost assimilation of death, as it called for a great assessment of life, it would give prospects for special growth and gave the opportunity to live to the good living.

2 To - in the knowledge of freedom and the need to be sure of your life. Head: help the client learn about the freedom and acceptance of his views for his respect, thoughts, decisions, children, life.

3 To - from the understanding of the powerful global self-reliance (isolation) and the owners to establish contacts, shukati capture and sink in the quality of a part of the larger whole. The manager: help the client to get out of the camp of interdisciplinary evil and seeming to interrelate with the others, to take care of them, and to get away with all the power of individuality.

4 K - mіzh the demand of people in the sense of life and in the daytime "ready" recipes for comprehended butty. Realizing that the light is not for the purpose of starting (systematizing, ordering) the life of the people around them, or else it’s calling out, baiduzhiy to the people, the victoriously triumphant and activating the mechanics of acquiring.

On the thought of existential consultants, people are important to see the sense of life, yakby vin buv cosmic or earthly. The cosmic sensation is based on respectful thought, but also a sensible posture and specialness and communication, whether it be magical or spiritually in order to all things. Terrestrial sense or "sense of my life" includes a meta: a lyudin, who volodya sees a sense, sprijm life yak volodya as a meto, or a function, as it is necessary to be viconates, as if they were given to themselves for others. It is important to note that PP clients, who see a triviality, are tied with marriage living sense, Need more help

accept the decision of being blind, and not getting bogged down in the problem of blindness ", with such a rank, the appointment of a consultant in the allowance of an existential conflict, connected with the vision of blindness, should be able to turn on the active

Existential thought of Irvin Yalom and Rollo Mei

Yalom: In the process of robots, the life of the turbot is being experienced, as it is experienced by the stretching of the life and the victories are existent at the end of the day:

Death - the main problem was the troubles of dressing against death (svidomy / pidsvidomy). The client is going to lead to such a lost assimilation of death, which would lead to a greater estimate of life, it would give a chance for

special development. People are guilty of trying to re-evaluate their values, they do not want to roam blindfolded people.

Freedom is a confrontation between fear of feeling and being. Lyudin, you can choose your own consumer. The client will be assisted to take on himself the responsibility for his life.

Mei: want -> vibrate -> days

Isolation. To the client, add to the intelligence, which in the kintsev rakhunka the skin of the person is self-conscious. Yomu really think about food about those who can’t and who can’t reject them.

Mіzhosobistіsna - yak "self-determination"

Internal - pathology

Existential - the skin comes to the whole world on its own and the same way.

Mindlessness is a chase for an hour, so as not to kick the senses in their own minds. Stverdzhutsya, if people screech, but senseu is dumb, the stench of the day can not know him. People are better off nadayut sense chogos, nіzh get it in a ready-made viewer. In such a rank, people are considered for the stem of a vlast sense.

Logotherapy. The founder of logotherapy is Viktor Frankl. Logotherapy is sometimes called the third school of psychotherapy (two of them are Freud's psychoanalysis and Adler's individual psychology). When looking at the top of the road, logotherapy appears sooner as an upgrade to psychotherapy, rather than as a type of therapy that can be substituted for psychotherapy (Frankl, 1975a). Logos is a tse walnut word, which means і “sense”, і “spirit”, moreover, there is no other meaning of any kind of religious message. People є shukachy sense іstots, і shukachi sensu itself is not a pathology at all. Existency (іsnuvannya) іshtovа people with the need to know the sense of life. The head of meta-logotherapy is to help clients in their jokes to the senses. Pragnennya to senseu is the primary motivation force in people. A push to a sense includes both a certain activity and an establishment of contact with spiritual unawareness.

The witness, which is known to be in a spiritual unrecognized, can be intuitively disclosed of a unique sense of the individual in singing situations.

Human freedom is the whole "freedom for" taking on itself an awareness of the sense of health in the sphere, which is surrounded by death and share. Self-transcendence, within the framework of what people get to the sense of the nest, є-is an important characteristic of the human being. Dzherela Senseu includes a robot, love, countrymen, past and super-messages.

An existential vacuum is lacking, if people are suffering from seeing the inner empty and lack of sense in life. The existential vacuum itself is not neurotic in its own right; it can only lead to the development of a noogenic neurosis. People are becoming more and more neurotic, up to a widespread neurotic troad of depression, drug addiction and aggression.

The reasons for the formation of an existential vacuum of offensive: the manifestation of less laboriousness in people, less of a child, the instinctual presentation of behavior, a reversal of the phenomenon of value and tradition, the tendency to reductionism (before the appearance of children)

Ways, for the help of some people, maintain an existential vacuum, include in themselves the stifling, curing in the form of outwardness and the approach of insufficiently great respect for self-transcendence.

Metalogotherapy in the presence of existential vacuum and noogenic neuroses in clients - to help clients know the sense of life. Logotherapists - psychologists of vidpovidality. Moreover, logotherapy is effective in cases of psychogenic neuroses and somatogenic psychoses.

Paradoxical іnthesia і Dereflexia is a logotherapeutic method that can be used for robots with psychogenic neuroses.

Medical “pastoralism”, with the help of some kind of logotherapy, help clients know the sense of a citizen, is recommended for somatogenic psychosis.

48 Cognitive consulting

Cognitive pidhid. To go back to the manifestation of the viral role of misinformation, cognitive (cognitive) processes in casual destructions. Similar to psychodynamic approaches, they turn to implicit, accustomed to reasons for damage and similar to behavioral ones - to adaptable behavioral stereotypes. Focus on respect to the approach to the approach of the arrangement on the targeting schemes: Be-like to look at the external arrangement of the internal organization mental processes, Misleading patterns. There are a number of different launching paterns of "negative educational schemes" computer programs

J. Kelli, A. Ellis, A. Beck appeared as representatives of cognitive direct in psychology.

The essence of a cognitive field in a straightforward way is explained by what rank is the specialty of the interpretation and forecasting of one's own life, transmission (construction) of maybutny podii, managing the experienced podii

Development of schools within the framework of the whole approach to address the meaning of individual cognitive styles, cognitive folding, cognitive balance, cognitive dissonance, etc. Number of methods is even wider - from the rational psychotherapy according to P. Dubois to the rational-emotional psychotherapy of A. Ellis. Similar to behavioral, cognitive thinking is based on the directive position of the therapist.

The basis of the cognitive approach is the theory to describe the specialty from the point of view of the organization of cognitive structures. They themselves are a very good psychologist in a good way, and in the ranks of them there is not only about the destruction of the powerfully cognitive sphere, but about the folding, so that problems and problems arise, internal conflicts and so on. Cognitive psychocorrection is organized for the present day. A number of directives, active and focused on the client's problem, are stuck in both individual and group forms, as well as for the correction of family and friends. You can see the onset of your particularity: The main respect comes to the past client, and the last one - thoughts about yourself and about light. To get involved, do not wait until you are corrected for the knowledge of the reasons. The basis of the correction is the teaching of new methods of targeting. Wide storage of systems and domestic buildings, straightened to the transfer of new tools to the middle of real interaction.

The main thing about the development of corrections is the change in self-perception and new action, at the same time it is known about oneself and in the light it is infused into the behavior, and the behavior and its inheritance infuse the manifestation of the knowledge about oneself.

The cognitive approach can be seen in two directions:

1. Cognitive-analytical.

2. Cognitive-behavioral

Existential psychology of life, but people in their development and development, and to resemble the word existentia - іsnuvannya. Lyudin to come to all the light and virulent problems of self-reliance, love, vibor, the joke of the message and the hint of the reality of inevitability of death.

Existential psychology - value

Existential traditional psychology - directly, as a function of existential philosophy, as looking at people as a unique direction, and all of their life is unique and great value. Existential straightforward in psychology began to develop actively two centuries ago, and we will demand it in the present day.

History of Existential Psychology

The master of existential psychology - to name one specific person in a neat way, the whole galaxy of philosophers and psychologists infused it into the development of the whole. The existential tradition of the psychology of taking care of its development from the phenomenology and ideas of Russian writers L.N. Tolstoy and F.I. Dostoevsky. On the cob XX Art. nimetsky psychologist and the philosopher K. Jaspers, looking at the traditional approaches of psychiatry, brought in them ideas of existentialism.

Ludwig Binswanger, Swiss licar, vivchayuchi pratsi Jaspers and Heidegger bring existentialism into psychology. Lyudin is not forgiven in the same place psychological mechanismsі instincts, altogether, unique day. There is a long way to see the burlivy development of existential psychology and development, which includes the famous logotherapy of V. Frankl.

Basic Ideas of Existential Approach in Psychology

Existential and humanistic psychology to spiral on key aspects:

testimony and self-assurance;
freedom;
visibility;
banging senseu;
vibir;
assimilation of death.

Existential psychology, її ideas and principles are taken from existential philosophy, like є "pramatіr":

the strong will of the people additionally helps him to be in permanent development;
the knowledge of one's internal light is a requirement for specialness;
assimilation of their mortality and acceptance of the fact is a tedious resource for the development of creative warehouse features;
Existential triviality is becoming a starting mechanism for pushing a vile unique sense into a clear blindness.

Existential psychology - representatives

Existential psychology of V. Frankl - the most yaskraviy butt do not give up, know in your life long life. Frankl wiklikav to himself the majesty I will tell you that all of the psychotherapeutic methods were thrown into the hands and quiet of the people who were behind the fatal conditions of the fascist concentration center. Inshі vіdomі existential psychologists:

Rollo May;
Irvin Yalom;
James Bujenthal;
Alfred Lengle;
Alis Holtskhei-Kunz;
Bos Medard;
Ludwig Binswanger.

Existential Pidhid in Psychology

Existential and humanistic psychology is directly related to the specialness of the people є great value in connection with the unique internal picture of the world, ї unrepeatability. The existential psychology of the beginning will forgive the technicians and the right of the patient in the situations of the riverside and the lateness of the butt of helping people know and new thoughts and vibrations, go out from the position of the victim, since nothing is possible for the half-hearted

The main provisions of humanistic and existential psychology

Existential psychology in the sense of humanistic psychology, that is a lot of central understandings about the specialness of people, I may like to describe. Humanistic and existential psychology of the main provisions:

the visibility of the specialness of the people in the world, experiencing oneself in the whole world and the perception of the light in one's own - the head psychological reality;
the nature of people is such that they will constantly require self-development and uninterrupted development of their potentials;
Lyudina has freedom, by the will and power of choice within the framework of her values;
specialty - creative, active day;
Life around the taken people is guilty of looking at one of the processes of becoming and butty.

Reasonableness of specialness within the framework of existential psychology

The specialty in existential psychology is unique, unique and authentic. Existential psychology is not to put the framework of people, they are quieter in the whole, even if they grow up, they change. When describing the specialties of existentialism, the category of processes should be considered, and not based on what is directly classical psychology on the inventory of rice to the character and I will. The specialness of my free will i.

Method of existential psychology

Existential psychology as science is guilty of spiraling on specific methods, techniques, empirical dosage, Ale here you can nashtovhnutisya on a number of rubbing. The most basic method of vibrating such a visual between a client and a therapist, which can be described in words: authenticity, evidence and presence. Authenticity of the transmission outside the openness of the psychotherapist in front of the patient for the establishment of good news.

Robotic methods of an existential psychologist with fear of death:

"Doze to endure" is a good practice of assimilating death, the therapist himself is guilty of propelling his fears in the whole region, and before the hour of therapy, the patient’s attention can be talked about more.
Robot with fixed mechanisms. The therapist should lead the patient to the change of his appearance about the death m'yako, albeit lightly, operatively and identifying inadequate mechanics to the victim.
Robot with dreams. Nightmares often take revenge on the fear of death.

Problems of existential psychology

The main ideas and theories of existential psychology have been introduced by the fakhivtsy directly to a number of problem areas, which are referred to as existential psychology. Irvin Yalom saw 4 series of key problems for universities:

Problems of life, death and hour - people understand that it is mortal, but tribute is inevitable. Bazhannya zhiti and fear of dying to form a conflict.
The problems of self-reliance, self-reliance and love are the learning of self-reliance in the whole world: people come alone to the whole world and leave the same self-consciousness, having learned their self in NATO.
Problems of differentiation, choice and freedom - people’s prying to freedom and everyday patterns, streaming, ordering structures and immediately fear of the current world conflict.
Problems of sense and lack of eyesight of human sensation are the first three problems. Lyudina is constantly getting over herself in the knowledge of herself and in the light of day, to create her own thoughts. The sense is lost to be like learning about self-reliance, isolation and inevitability of death.

Existential crisis in psychology

The principles of existential psychology deal with the manifestation of problems in particular. Existential crisis will be given to you, whether you are a people from your youth and until you are kidnapped, you want to ask yourself once to feed a sense of life, your own sense, butt. Someone has special thoughts, some of them may have a crisis, it can be gross and painful, leading to the baidujosti and the daily motivation to life: everyone thought of it, it’s possible to transfer it and in the same way.

Existential crisis can penetrate into the spheres of life of people. Get involved, as the phenomenon of power to people rozvinenikh lands, They were satisfied with all their analysis and thoughts about vlasny life... Lyudin, having traded her loved ones and misled by the categories "Mi", go to the food: "Who am I without them?"

Books on Existential Psychology

Rollo Mei "Existential Psychology" is one of the unique visions of an authoritative existential therapist, written simply by me if it’s right before reading it, as for the extraordinary readers, for the psychologists, so for the tolerant psychologists. More can be read within the framework of the theme:

« Existential psychology of the glybin spilkuvannya"S.L. Bratchenko. The book has a detailed view of the history of the examination of the existential-humanistic approach to psychology, a lot of respect was given to the consultation.
« Varianti life. Narisi existential psychology". V.N. Druzhinin. Problems of life and death, how to know everybody's sense of a worn-out people and who can be helped by an existential psychologist - all the food in the book.
« existential psychotherapy"І. Yalom. The books of this famous psychoanalyst can be re-read until endless, the author of talent is not only in his profession to help people, but as a writer. The book is a fundamental one with a set of operating techniques and priyomy.
« Psychotechnics of Existential Vibration". M. Papush. It’s clear and happy to live, radio and pratsyuvati tse so very real, as it’s about what it’s, for example, it’s easy to go to panin, but with practice it’s all to come.
« Current existential analysis: history, theory, practice, long-term". A. Lengli, E. Ukolova, V. Shumsky. At the bottom there is presented a whole-hearted glance at the existential analysis and the first valuable additions to the development of existential psychology.

... We - to live in the essence, and in that singing world of all - existentialism.

(J. Bugental, R. Kleiner)

The existential and humanistic pidhid cannot be too simple. Folding can be repaired in the same name. Start growing up from the cyme, the trochi of history.

It is important to note that the infusion of existentialism into psychology was not surrounded by the emergence of completely existential straightforward - even more abundant psychological schools in this world were asymmetric to ideas. Particularly strong existential motives in K. Horni, S.L. Rubinstein and in. Do not allow to talk about the whole homeland of existential-oriented approaches and development of existential psychology (therapy) in a wide and university sense. At the end of the day, an existential glance at a person appears as if it is well understood and the principle position is finally realized. Somewhat existentially existential directly (in the case of a university sentiment) was changing existentially-phenomenological or existentially-analytical and was a purely European phenomenon. Aleksandr Pislya Other light developments are expanding widespread in the United States. Moreover, there, in the number of the most yaskravikh representatives, the deyaki of the leaders of the third, humanistic revolution in psychology (like, in their own devil, quite a lot of spiraling on the idea of existentialism) were excluded: Rollo Mei.

Not long ago, in the St. Petersburg Association for training and psychotherapy, the section of existential and humanistic therapy was established. More precisely, it’s said that the official status was rejected by a group of psychologists and therapists, who actually worked in a straight line since 1992, since in Moscow, within the framework of the International Conference on Humanistic Psychology, our study was made after Deborah READ. Let Deborah and her colleagues Robert Nader, Padma Katelli, Lanir Clancy and іn. Spent a stretch of 1992 - 1995 rr. in St. Petersburg 3 seminar-training on EGP. At the promises and seminars, the group discussed the removal of information, basic ideas and methodical aspects of robotics in a straightforward manner. In such a rank, in the capacity of the basic (but not the only) section of existential and humanistic therapy, the vibra pidhid of J. Budgetal, the main position of such an offensive. (Ale Persh kilka to hear about our long-standing problems: how can we tell them? Abram Maslov, and even in the vocabulary, then Eybraham Meslow, - altogether they put the name of the name at once, for example, Ronald Laing, Vin Leng. to keep the wine on your own - BUDGENTAL.)

From the same position to the approach of J. Budzhental, who is himself called life-changing therapy.

Behind any private psychological difficulties in the life of people, do I lie more (and do not know it clearly) and problems of the problems of freedom of vibration and perception, of the sense of what people think about it? What kind of light? etc. In the existential-humanistic approach, the therapist evokes a special existential hearing, which allows him behind the facade of the declared problems and the client's scarcity of capturing existential problems. In tsomu i polyagaє Sens zhіzneіzmenyayuschey terapії: klієnt i therapist spіlnimi zusillyami namagayutsya dopomogti Perche zrozumіti sposіb Yakimov vіn vіdpovіdav on ekzistentsіynі power Svoge Zhyttia, i exchange glances deyakі vіdpovіdey of such rank, dwellers zrobiti Zhittya klієnta bіlsh avtentichnoї i bіlshe povnotsіnnim.
The existential-humanistic pidhid runtuyutsya on the life of the human in the skin of the people and spokonvichne povazi to the uniqueness and autonomy. This also means that the therapist assimilates the fact that a human being in the depths of his day is pitilessly inadequate, and one cannot acquire knowledge until the end, so that he himself can act as a jerel snake in a strong butt, so that he can clarify the prognosis of the results.
At the center of respect for the therapist, which is practical in the existential and humanistic approach, there is a sub-activity of the people, such as J. Sub'activity is the price of our experiences, pragmatism, thoughts, trivialities ... everything that comes to be found in the middle of us and is the origin of those who are robustly calling, and the smut is robotized because of the fact that we are there with us to trample. The sub-activity of the client and the head of the head is the moment of the report by the therapist, and the sub-activity of the head is due to the help of the client.
I do not exclude the great significance of the past and maybut, but the existential and humanistic reason I have the role of introducing robots into the whole world, but at the given moment it is really alive in the sub-activity of people, but it is important here and now. Itself in the process of living without interruption, including the coming of the last may be, you may feel and once again understand the existential problems.
The existential and humanistic pidhid asks for a more straightforward, locus of comprehension by the therapist, to be used in therapy, a lower set of techniques and attributions. According to any situation, it is possible to occupy (or not to occupy) an existential position. To that end, it’s possible to develop a dazzling development of minds and the wealth of victorious psychotechnics, including to navigate such, if you’re able to, I’m glad to be able to help you with the development of robotics and so on. D. 'activity; the therapist's mystery as once and for all the building is adequate to store the entire wealth of arsenal, not going over to manipulation. Itself for the formation of a psychotherapist's mystery, Budgetal described 13 main parameters of therapeutic robots and developed a method for developing the skin from them. At my glance, such a glimpse and retreat of the program for expanding the sub-active abilities of the therapist can hardly be praised for the first time.