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Life and Creative Way of Bach. І. S. Bach - Life and Creative Way

Bach Johann Sebastian(31 (21) birch tree 1685 - 28 linden 1750, Leipzig), German composer, organist, harpsichord. Philosophical Glybin to the wisdom of Bach's creations put his creativity in a row of masterpieces of the light culture. Johann Bach enlightened the achievement of the musical mystery of the transition from the period from Baroque to Classicism. Bach is a non-inversion master of polyphony.

Johann Sebastian Bach will be a child in the birthplace of the violin of Johann Ambrose Bach, and maybut is designated. All Bahi, who lived in the Girskiy Turing, from the ear of the XVI century. boules with flutists, trumpeters, organists, violinists, bandmasters. Їх musical gifts were passed from generation to generation. Koli Yogan Sebastian vypnilsya five, dad presented him with a violin. Vіn shvidko nіy grati, і music has memorized the whole life. Yogo happy dignity skіnchilosya early, if the maybut composer has copied 9 rockіv. Yogo mother died, and father died through pik. Hlopchik was recognized by his older brother, who served as an organist in the midst of the city. Johann Sebastian, having joined the school, is the brother of the first class on the organ and claviri. A little less than one vikonannya lads і bulo little - wіn stretching to creativity. Once upon a time, you went to the distance from the zavzhd closed shafi to remember the music, because brother Bouly wrote down the famous composers at that hour. At night, I rewrote її. If the start of the robot was already approaching completion, my brother found him for a lot of busyness and saw his mustache, it was already crumbled ... It was imperative that the sleepless year, with the light of the month, begin to be greeted in the dawn of J.S.Bach.

At 15 Bach moved to Luneberg, de in 1700-1703 rr. navchavsya in the school of church musicians. Bach’s first composer’s prelude to the rock is to create for the organ and the keyboard.

After the end of the day, Bach will be busy with the robotize, which will take care of the daily bread and take an hour for creativity. In 1707 they become friends with their cousin Mary Barbara Bach. Yogo creative interests boules zoseredzheni todi, head rank, in music for organ and clavier. Nayvidomishe tvir that hour - "Capricho on the way of the kokhany brother."

Having gotten off in 1708 at the court musician with the Duke of Weimar, Bach was primed in Weimar, de to spend 9 years. Tsі rock in Bach's biography became an hour of intensive creativity. The composer wrote music for long clavier, spiritual cantati (ponad 20). Vikoristovuchi traditional form, Johann Bach brought it to the finest perfection.

Weimar and Bach gave birth to blues, the maybutny to the composer Wilhelm Frideman and Karl Filpp Emanuel.

In 1717, Bach accepted the request for the service of the Duke of Anhalt-Ketensky Leopold. Life in Ketenia is the most precious hour in the life of the composer: the prince, illumination for his hour, Lyudin and the unbelievable musician, praising Bach and not enticing his creativity, asking him for his trip. In Keteni Bouly there were three sonatis and three parts for solo violin, six suites for solo cello, English and French suites for clavier, and a number of Brandenburg concerts for orchestra.

Ale without a cold period of Bach's life, which ended in 1720 with his dweller's squad, who lost some of the young children.

In 1721 Bach became friends with Anna Magdalena Vilka. In 1723, a vikonannya of the Passion for John was issued in the church of St. Fomi in Leiptsigu, and Bach didn’t forget to place the cantor of the church with a one-hour visit to the school teacher at the church (Latin and spiv).

In Leipzig (1723-50), Bach became the "musical director" of all churches of the world, stitching behind a special storehouse of musicians and spouses, sponsoring those newcomers, indicating the necessary things before the show.

The composer of dosyag at that hour of the heights of the majesty and opening the miracles of the images in the different genres. In the first place, spiritual music: cantati (close to two hundred), "Magnifikat" (1723), mesi (including immortal "Visoka Mesa" Sі-minor, 1733), "Passion for Matthew" (1 729), dozens svitsky cantatas (in the middle - comic "Kavova" and "Selyanska"), create for organ, orchestra, harpsichord (in the middle of the rest it is necessary to see the cycle "Aria with 30 options", so called "Goldberg-variations", 1742).

In 1747, Bach opened the cycle of "Musical Offering", the assignments of the Prussian king Fridrikh II. The rest of the robot became a tvir under the name "The Mystery of the Fugue" (1749-50) - 14 fugues and 4 canons on one theme.

Urochisti burials wikimed in greatness to the people in the winter months. The composer was praised near the church of St. Fomi, in Yakiy Vin having served 27 years. However, in the course of the territory of the storehouse, a road was laid, the grave was ruined. In 1894, the remains of Bach were known to have passed the hour of awakening robots in 1894;

The share of this decline appeared foldable. For life, Bach koristuvavs popularity. However, after the death of the composer, the musician Bach began to go into oblivion. Spravzhny interest before his creativity in 1820-і rocky, the ear of which was paid by the vikonannya in 1829 in Berlin "Passion for Matthew". In 1850, the "Bakhovsky Suspension" was published, as well as the publication of all the composer's manuscripts (46 volumes have been seen for the last half of the year).

Bach - the best figure of the light musical culture... Yogo creativity is one of the heights of philosophical thought in music. Vіlnally grasping rice is not only the genres of genres, alley and national schools, Bakh has created immortal masterpieces, like standing over an hour. Being a great composer of the Baroque era, Bach pioneered the music of the new hour at once. Sered prodovzhuvachіv shukan Bach - yogo blue. In total, the new Bulo has 20 children, only nine of them survived the dad. Four synods became composers. Krim zgadanih vishche - Johann Kristian (1735-82), Johann Kristof (1732-95).

1. Characteristics of creative style І. S. Bach.

І. S. Bach (1685 - 1750) - the best figurine of light musical culture. Yogo creativity is one of the heights of the philosophical thought about music. The mystery of the great creator reaches the meaningful, hour-by-hour, before it is laid in the hiding places of the soul of the human and the wickedness of the hearers' innocent vision, awakening in them without being recognized by them themselves until moral strength. "Bah mayzhe zmushuє me less believe in God," - said Roger Fry.

Being left, order with Handel, the great composer of the Baroque era, Bach laid the road to musical classicism. Beethoven's words have become popular: "You need to click not Bach (in Nimetski" strumok "), but the sea!"

Bach bouv gliboko relіgіyny. Biblіya zavzhdli got a lot of this book. On the ear of your creations, win by putting down the beast - "Isuse, help me", and in the end - "Glory to the Almighty One."

The bagatom of the music of Bach is to be built up to be serious, to look frowning. However, the composer-philosopher was at the same time a lover of fun. The paths, in the wake of sorrow and tragedy, flutter in your creations with humor, joy, boisterous drowning. Often Bach is vvazhayut as academically dry, overwhelmingly rosy. Ale ratsionalizm, suvora self-discipline to share the composer's emotion, logic - from a vilno fantasia.

Bach is a very national artist, who knows the traditions of the Protestant chant and the traditions of the Austrian, Italian, French musical schools.

The creativity of Bach - a musician-universsal - evokes the all-inclusiveness of genres (all genres, including opera):

Organ create: preludes and fugues (18), tokata and fugue (5), fantasies and fugues (3), choral preludes (46), 6 organ concerts, Passacalia in c-minor and in.

Clavier create: small preludes and fugues, 15 two-part inventions and 15 three-part inventions (symphonies), 6 English suites, 6 French suites, 6 partitas, Chromatic fantasy and fugue, "Good temperament" see the kokhan brother. "

Orchestras create: 6 Brandenburg concerts, 5 suites, 7 instrumental concerts for clavier and orchestra, 3 concerts for violin and orchestra, chamber music.

Vocal and instrumental create: Visoka Mesa h-moll, Magnifikat, Passion for Matthew, Passion for John, "Rizdvyana" and "Great Day" orator, about 300 spiritual (saving 199) and 24 Holy cantati.

Create without vkazіvsky vykonavskogo warehouse: "Musical offer" and "Art fugue".

2. Life i creative wayІ. Z Bach.

Children and young rockies

Bach was born in 1685 in Eisenach. Having lain down to the rounded Nimetsky family, there is a large number of representatives of which in a stretch three tables become professional musicians who served in the small towns of Nimechchin. Pochatkova musical illumination of the sound from the old father (gras on violin and harpsichord). At 9 years of age Bach fell into an orphan and became a son of his elder brother Johann Kristof, who served as a church organist. At 1700-03 I went to the school of church pianists in Luneburz. Bach’s first composer’s prelude to the rock is to create for the organ and the keyboard.

Rocky mandrіvok (1703-08)

The end of the day Bach will be busy with the robotize. From 1703 to 1708 he served in Weimar, Arnstadt, Mühlhausen. In 1707 they become friends with their cousin Mary Barbara Bach. Yogo creative interests boules zoseredzheni todi, head rank, on music for organ and clavier. Nayvidomishe Tvir That Hour - Capricho for the Journey of the Kohan Brother (1704).

Weimarsky period (1708-17)

Having renounced the organist and court musician in 1708 with the Duke of Weimarsky, Bach got primed in Weimar, de to spend 9 years. The times of rock became an hour of intensive creativity, in which the main place belonged to the creators for the organ, including the numerical choral preludes, organ tokata and fugue d-minor, pasakalia d-minor. The composer wrote music for clavier, spiritual cantati (ponad 20). Vikoristovuchi traditional forms, for example, Protestant chant, bringing them to the finest perfection.

Ketensky period (1717-23)

In 1717 Bach accepted the request for the service of the Duke of Ketensky. Life in Ketenia is the most precious hour in the life of the composer: the prince, illumination for his hour, a lyudin and a musician who does not repentance, praising Bach and not enticing his creativity, asking him for his trip. In Ketenia of loves, Bach's instrument is an organ - buv vidsutniy, and Bach writes both clavier and ensemble music. In Keteni bouly, three sonatis and three parts for solo violin were written, a number of suites for solo cello, English and French suites for clavier, a number of Brandenburg concerts for orchestra. A special interest is presented by the collection "Good temperament clavier" - 24 preludes and fugues, written in all keys and in practice to bring the transitions of the tempered musical mode, near the hardened like hot super-springs. In the same year, Bach opened another volume of "Good Tempered Clavier", so it was also composed of 24 preludes and fugues in different tonalities. Ale without a cold period of Bach's life, which ended in 1720 with his dweller's squad, who lost some of the young children. In 1721 Bach became friends with Anna Magdalena Vilka.

Leipzis period (1723-50)

In 1723, the vikonannya of the Passion for John was issued in the church of St. Fomi in Leiptsigu, and Bach didn’t forget to place the cantor of the church with a one-hour visit to the school teacher at the church (Latin and spiv). Bach became the "musical director" of all the churches of the world, stitching behind a special storehouse of musicians and spouses, sparing for those events, indicating the need to create and create something rich before the show. The artist of the dossyag at that hour of the heights of the majesty and opening up the miracles in different genres. In the first place, spiritual vocal-instrumental music: cantati (saving close to 200), "Magnifikat" (1723), mesi (including the immortal "Visoka Mesa" si-minor, 1733), "Passion for Matthew" (1729) , dozens of svit cantatas (in the middle - comic "Kavova" and "Selyanska"), create for organ, orchestra, harpsichord (the middle ones need to see the cycle "Aria with 30 options", so called "Goldberg-variations", 1742)

Share of creative decline

Urochisti burials wikimed in greatness to the people in the winter months. The composer was praised near the church of St. Fomi, in Yakiy Vin having served 27 years. However, the grave was ruined. In 1894, the remains of Bach were known to have passed the hour of awakening robots in 1894, when they were disturbed.

The share of this decline appeared foldable. For life, Bach koristuvavs popularity. However, after the death of the composer and the musician, they began to go into oblivion. Sponsored interest before his creativity in 1820-і rocky, the ear of which was honored by the Victory in 1829 in Berlin "Passion for Matthew" (organized by F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdі). In 1850, in Leipzig, the "Bakhov's Suspension" was opened, as it pushed through and published all the composer's manuscripts (46 volumes have been seen for the last half of the year).

Sered prodovzhuvachіv shukan Bach - yogo blue. In total, the new Bulo has 20 children, only nine of them survived the dad. Four synods became composers:

Wilhelm Frideman (1710-1784) - "Gallic" Bach, composer and organist, organizer

Karl Filip mmanuil (1714-1788) - "Berlinsky" or "Gamburzky" Bach, composer and harpsichord; his creativity, homeland to the literary movement "Storm and Onslaught", infused the composers of the classical school

Johann Kristian (1735-82) - "Milanese" or "London" Bach, composer and harpsichordist, representative of the gallant style, having infused the work of the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Johann Kristof Friedrich (1732-95) - "Bückeburg" Bach, composer, harpsichordist, bandmaster.

3. Organism of Bach.

The organ will be loved by the Bach instrument. Create for the organ Bach writing with a handful of life, ale more thoroughly boules in Weimar. Bach's interests are centered around two main types of organ creation:

choral preludes

Small polyphonic cycles (preludes and fugues, fantasies and fugues, tokata and fugues).

The basis of the choral preludes is the Protestant chorale. Bach pragnuv the Persh for all the preservation of the main melody of the chorale and admiration and sensibility. In the male bag, the genre has become an important and well-to-do Lanka of the organ vocal music composer. Bach's organ choral preludes are characterized by a large significance and performance, small scale, chamberiness of sounding, barviness, timbre of rosy, panuvannya melodic cob, varied sound. One of the most popular entertainments in the genre is Preludes in f-moll.

The second kind of bachy's creations for the organ - preludes, fantasies and tokata with fugues - are viris on a purely instrumental basis. The preludes, fantasies and tokata of the winery on the basis of the modern impromptu, intellectual cob manifested itself in the fugue. The two parts of the polyphonic cycle, wanting to see one out of one (the stench of contrast behind the character, tempo, texture, form, principles of development), but tied together with fine threads (the background of drama and intonation).

4. Bach's piano music

Bach can write keyboard music with a handful of life. Ale is especially rich in creativity for the clavier who appeared in Keteni. For now, Bach Klavir has played a colossal role in home music for both music professionals and amateurs.

Bach supervised expanding the figuratively versatile palette of clavier music. The sound of the harpsichord will be dazzling, crisp, a bit more frequent and quick to fade. The clavicord sounds like a weak, dull timbre. Vinaydeny same in 1709 r Bartolomeo Kristofori pianoforte still needs to go through the trivial path thoroughly. Bahu wanted to podolati the "percussiveness" of the harpsichord and covet the sound, cantabile grill on the whole instrument. From his scholars, Bach came home in front of a bezel-less legato, bazhayuyu additional help, superbly enhancing the pedagogical repertoire, creating "Little Preludes and Fugues", "Inventions". Navigate French syuites and "Good tempering claviers" were conceived with a handful of ways to create. At the same time, Bach redovno doviv, that the clavier can be victorious not only in a home environment, but in front of a great public, having set up for new creation in the genres of fantasy and fugue (Chromatic fantasy and fugue.), Tokata. Especially the first Italian concert is one of the first clavier concerts (without an orchestra).

The encyclopedia of Bahian creativity is justly imbued with "Good tempering claviers" - a cycle of 48 preludes and fugues (two volumes of "DTK" of 24 preludes and fugues in the skin), which are eager to enjoy 24 major and minor chromatic tones. Bach wrote "DTK" with the intention of solidifying in musical practice everything theoretically appears, altogether small in that hour, the tonality of the tempered fret with a great number of key signs. "Tempering" - means virivnyaniy, pivnomirny harmony. On the basis of the natural (Pythagorean) scale widened in the old part, the transmission is transformed into octaves for 12 pivotones. In a natural fret, the keyboard instrument sounded purely only in tonalities with few signs. Tempering the fret, allowing the setting of all major and minor tonalities and modularity in any way from them. The temperament of the bullet vidom and before Bach, the protest of the first, extended the practice of the whole mode into the artist. The composer, having looked at "DTK", is also like a cycle of navchalnyh p'єs for the development of a ringing griot and a spinning of palatine ruffles.

Putting in front of you cleanly practical work, Bach became an artist for everything. “DTK” has evolved into a viciously rich and dynamic wake of a two-part polyphonic cycle, based on the contrasts of a vivid, impromptu plan of prelude and suvor, prompted by clear laws, fugues. As organically polyphonic cycles are attuned to written virtuosity, concert scope, monumentalism, the clavier sounds chamber-like sounding.

5. Vocal and instrumental creativity.

Bach's vocal and instrumental creativity becomes cantati, oratorio, mesi, pasioni. Bach started to work in Leipzig and took over the cantor's office in the Church of St. Thomas.

From the vocal creations for a few of the opened perchets, there is a cantata. The most recent cantatas came to us - "Easter" and "Viborn" (Arnstadt and Mulhausen). Bach wrote about 300 spiritual cantatas, saving - 199. Order of spiritual Bach wrote 24 holy cantatas, including “Mislivska”, “Kavova”, “Selyanska”. Primitively, it took me an hour to transfer the numbers from the spiritual creatures to the Holy and Navpaks. Cantati includes arії, recitative, ensembles, chorus for the participation of an instrumental ensemble or an orchestra.

In Leipzig, Bach writes vocal and instrumental create great forms: they see "Rizdvyana Oratoria", "Magnifikat", Mesa h-moll (Visoka Mesa), "Passion for John", "Passion for Matthew".

At the Passion for Matthew, Bach turned up to the Evangelical of Matthew, moreover, the Vibra from the New Episodi, who received the great artists of the interior, the hospitality of the dramatic children and the ridiculous psychological. We will learn the joy of Jesus - Iudoyu - our teacher, the prayer of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane, the fervor of Jesus Peter and the yogh kayattya, nareshty, going to Golgotha - the place, de bouv of Christ.

For the integration of a folding artistic conception, Bach knew the magnificent warehouse of viconavts - two choir-voice choirs, two orchestras, two organ and solo - vocals and instrumentalists.

"Passion for Matthew" sounded for the first time in 1729 in the church of St. Thomas, de serving Bach, ale potim, like a rich creation, bool nadovgo zabuty. It is noteworthy that the revival of Bach's music has sprung up from the very creation. After 100 years of the premiere - in 1829, the “Passion for Matthew” was born in the name of F. Mendelssohn's clerical work, in response to the hopeful renaissance of the forgotten Bakhiv creativity.

List of Literature

EXAMINATION OF ROBOTA ON MUSIC LITERATURE THEME:

CREATIVITY by Johann Sebastian BACH

Viconal: Akimova Anastasia Yuriyivna

Kerivnik: Khmelenko Inna Dmitrivna

1998 - 1999 academic. pik.

G. Surgut

1. Children and youthful rock. Cocking period of creative formulation. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .2 -

2. Sem'ya. Dignity. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .2 -

3. Ear of creative way. Luneburg. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3

4. Weimar, Arnstadt, Mühlhausen. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4 -

5. I know Weimar. Bach at the service. Zaluchennya to the light musical art. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6 -

6. Bach Viconavets. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 -

7. Kyoten. The creation of fundamental works of chamber music. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .eight -

8. Visit from Keten. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .eight -

9. Leipzi period. St. Fomi. Bach the Cantor. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .nine -

10. Artistic and creative activity. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .ten -

11. Children of Johann Sebastian. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .eleven -

12. Bach the teacher. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .12 -

13. Stop creating. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .12 -

14. Characteristics of creativity. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .13 -

15. Rosebir musical works... Clavier creativity. ... ... ... ... ... .15 -

16. "Good tempering clavir". ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .16 -

17. Prelude and Fugue in C minor from the first volume "". ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .19 -

18. Basic create. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .twenty -

19. List of vicaristic literature. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .21 -

Life Shlyakh.

Children and youthful rock. Cocking period of creative formulation.

Johann Sebastian Bach was born on the 31st birch of 1685 in Eisenach, a small provincial town of Türіngіya, in one of the most beautiful Nimetsian regions, at the mіtsyah, long ago tied with music. The homeland of Luther, the arena of the revolutionary activity of Thomas Munzer, Türlingia was not the center of the most baked battles of the villagers and the plebeians with the feudal lords. The song of Thirty Years of War, wasted and wretched, was transformed into a wilderness and sleepy provinces. And all the people who know and help about the glorious days have long passed, madly, lived among the people. Aleksei knew a lot of time and may be a genius, like a vision of a distant maybut, knew the artist's involvement in the art of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Family, dignity.

Johann Sebastian was born to be a member of the famous musical family. Muzykanti bouly yogo dіd, pradіd, daddy, daddy brothers, їхni children, as well as the birth brothers of Johann Sebastian. Prominent musicians became the year of the strongest blue. Stretching 17 - 18 tables from Türlingia, there are also helpless organisms, composers, violinists, flutists, bandmasters, trumpets from the Bach family, but the very word “Bach” is not synonymous with the word “musician”. Nichto of the whole tribe of musicians did not come to fame, nor to booming popularity, I would like to see more than fifty people in the family chronicle of the Bachs, who have infiltrated the development of certain music.

From generation to generation, skills, mastery, and creative arts and crafts were passed on, in the great representative of the whole dynasty of musicians, Johann Sebastian, the reach of the most sought-after development.

Before the profession of a musician, which is also traditional for the Bach family, Johann Sebastian was early rock... The first teacher of the boy is the Skripal, the musician of Eisenakhe. At the school, Johann Sebastian has slept at the school, and will be attracted to the most popular young people; for a small fee, the stench was smelled at the holy saints, and at the funeral and at the funeral they sang spiritual songs.

Nine Rocks Johann Sebastian lost his life as an orphan and was taken over by his older brother Iohann Kristof. Ostanniy - at the right time, the student of the greatest Nymetsk organist - composer I. Pachelbel - after borrowing the office of the organist and school teacher in Ohrdruf. The music of Johann Sebastian passed farther away from his brother's performance. Ale genially gifted nature, it is unlikely that she could be satisfied with the pedantic, schooly - workmanship lessons of Johann Kristof. Vin appeared as a dry, insensitive musician. For an addictive, musical lad, the price is great. To that still tenfold child, pragnuv to self-enlightenment. Having learned that his brother in the shafi zerigatysya sows with the creators of the glorified composers, the boy at that time dropped off and rewrote the notes at the monthly light. A lot of months of triviality is a tedious robot, won’t strongly deceive the star of the Maybut composer. It’s like a tortured child, if a brother found him once for a time of busyness and saw the same rewritten notes. Here - and the strengths of Johann Sebastian's character appeared for the first time: easeliness, straightforwardness, easeliness in pratsi.

Early pragnennya to a special freedom sponded the fifteen-year-old Yunak to dim his brother and shukati koshti for an independent iznuvannya.

Ear of creative way.

Luneburg.

At 1700 years old, Johann Sebastian moved to the town of Luneburg.

Right there, in Luneburg, in 1703 Bach finished school; he is a great student and having finished his diploma, giving him the right to enter the university. Ale, speed up the right youmu without getting into it. Bach is guilty of giving all his respect to the thoroughly composer's and Vicon's majesty - one for a new real dzherel sensation.

On the artistic development of Bach, the teacher of his dynasty was not embedded. Winning himself is the most glorious and necessary for his musical enlightenment. Life of musical art in the last and last year served as a composer's school. Inspiration of a rich decline, creative thinking of the current music, they listened to and saw Bach's musical thoughts and leaf, helped to criticize oneself, to learn their creativity and individuality. To navigate parts of the service ministry to their positive sides, as they gave the opportunity to learn new artistic manifestations... In general, Luneburg, like Arnstadt and Weimar, are the values of the great creative path of the composer.

The great bibliotess of the Luneburz school and the abundance of handwritten works of old-time Nimets and Italian musicians, and Bach got bored and vivchennya. Sounds from the pedantic description of his older brother, he went to Hamburg from Luneburg several times, and listened to the famous organist Reinken. At tі rocky, the Hamburg opera, kerovana by Kaiser, has passed into the razkvіtі. Demand dumati, scho, buvayuchi there, Bach doesn’t go through the new for a new mystery. On the thought of Romain Rolland, the Kaiser injected onto the action of Bach's musical move.

Near Luneburg from 1692 at the church of St. Ioanna pratsyuvav one of the houses of Nimetsian composers, a student of Reinken Georg Boehm (1661 - 1733). Social closeness with a great artist is not the least important official of a formulated young musician.

So, in the atmosphere of rich and living traditions, Bach touched the mystery and the majesty.

From Luneburg, the rock of science and early youth was skіnchilis; a new darkness appeared in the important life of the composer.

Weimar, Arnstadt, Mühlhausen.

At a quarter of 1703 Bach yak skripal come to serve in a small princely chapel near Weimar. Ale there is a taste of wine. Not satisfied with the work and the fallow camp, I was willing to accept the request for the post of the organist of the New Church in the city of Arnstadt, and in 1704 I went there.

Organism service The news of the church was awkward: it would be necessary to prelude on organs, rozuchuvati with the chorus of cults, create a companuvati chorus before the hour of the divine service. At the same modest obligations, for some time you can fit into a musician - a remixer, Bach bringing in a young zeal, creative fervor and imagination, unavailable for the service norms of the Protestant Church. Smіlivіst musical jokes served as the reason for the composer's imprisonment with the authorities.

In Arnstadt Bach, the mother had the right to be right with the revised church officials, with the nimetsy burghers. The life of yogo in the whole place was at once accelerated by the drift of yogi, ogidnoy vіynoyu, enthralled by the patronage against the dreadful genіy, worried by his sleepy calm. The dissatisfaction grew up again, and with it Bach cooled down to his office robot. Tim is more of a strong need for fresh new artistic feuds. Thus, a thought about the rise to the place of Lubeck was announced, having given concerts at the organ of celebrities by the Nimetsian composer Ditrih Buxtehude. Vosni 1705 rock, speeding up on the vidpustkoyu, Bach, through the marriage of cats on a carriage, heading to Lubeck pishki. Concerts Buxtehude, his creativity, the viscousness of the viconavts shocked the young musician. With all the wines, picking up dramatically yaskrave, virtuoso the mystery of the greatest at that hour of the Maystri organ music... Zakholeniya, having forgotten about his official service and replaced the good twenty-eight-day permit, having tried in Lubeck close to the last few months.

Arnstadt's turn of Bach was far from amiable. Having quickened with a hand drive, the church authorities have given their humiliating organist to the end, having inflicted a court on him for the prejudice of the most recent change of misdemeanors: Bach introduce into the chorale a lot of wondrous variations, which lead to the chorale of a lot of strangers' sounds; Earlier, the organist Bach went for an hour of service, grabbing the organs and gravel, and now, with the crushed gravitation, falling into the extreme extreme and becoming even more grateful, etc.

The coarse man has finished his drink, the meticulous involvement in the special life of Bach's encampment in Arnstadt was unbearable. In 1707, Bach moved to Mühlhausen and sent a church musician to the same place.

At the organized church organist in Mühlhausen, there were no more olds, yak, the organ came into unpopularity and the chorus was badly prepared. Try to polish the musical on the right, they fought about the inertia and the baiduzhism of the authorities, all the Zusill of Bach was seen by the marnimis. Rik of the broken hour, energy - and as a result, we know about the delivery.

In the Arnstadt period, Bach is a viconious on organ and clavir - conquering visoti, accessible only by no means; For the first time, give yourself to the nobility is unaccountable the power of the composer's gift.

The historiographers of Bach refer to rock as the rock of a tense and domesticated technology and a * secret * of an organ and keynote of majesty, in order to reclaim the glory of the virtuosi - the artist who appeared the first creatures.

Composer's virtue here Bach reading Easter cantata * You don't have too much souls in hell*. The cantata, written for the choir, soloists, Bula Viconan, was attached to rock 1704, and it led them superbly to hear the Arnstad burghers: unassuming for a cult leaf, drama, emotionalism, smilivy poems realistically in the orchestral image.

At Arshtadt, one of the earliest clavier creatures came to us - they are widely seen * Capricious on the go of the kokhany brother*. On the basis of the soft lyricism and humor, p'usa is a reflection of Bach's early creativity.

In an hour of a short stay in Mühlhausen in the middle of his speeches, Bach wrote a cantata, viborno cantati*. Tse single tvir, which for the life of the composer has been handled and seen on the municipality. Most of Bach's creations have lost their minds from the death of the author.

I know Weimar. Bach at the service. Zaluchennya to the light musical art.

In 1708 I know Bach in Weimar at the service of the goforganist and court musician of the Duke of Weimar.

Weimar's Bach tried about ten rock times. Here, for the first time, there was a possibility of criticism in the funniest Vicon's music of his rich-early talent, viprobuvati in the best effort: as an organist, a musician of an orchestral drop, in a way of bringing the music to a violin and a harpsichord Bach having folded a lot for the organ, writing a different kind of music for violin and harpsichord, as the assistant of the conductor, he was guilty of acquiring the repertoire for the chapel, including the cantati for the Victory in the court church. It is necessary to write in great style, in the very young genres and forms, stagnant to the new age-old ways and possibilities. For Bach, it’s a tse bula persha svitska service, it’s certainly possible to experiment in the previously inaccessible area of svitsky musical genres.

We are even more important in the art of light music. In the Weimar period, the organ composer has a reach of creative heights. More than that, having opened Bach for the whole instrument, it is written by Weimar: tokata and fugue in d minor, prelude and fugue in a minor, prelude and fugue in c minor and a number of other creations.

In organ creativity, Bach drew back on the long-formed traditions of the national art, which was played by the composer - Buchstehude, Reinken, Boehm, Pachelbel. They have Bach pushing for completeness, clarity and beauty of forms, and the dullness of texture.

Evident results were brought by the serious vivification of the violin mystery of the Italian with a blinking concert style, in which the modern technology of the plasticity of the varied cantilever melodies was introduced by Bach's new genres of genius creativity. At the same time, I changed the violin concerts by Antonio Vivaldi for organ and harpsichord; in a number of organ and clavier fugues, themed material by Arcangelo Correli, Giovanna Lehrenzi, Tomaso Albinoni was developed.

Not without a trace passed the vivchennya of French music, the zokrem of the harpsichord. Already in youth rock Bach zoom її її ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї і і і і і і; in the Lüneburg collection of works, rewritten by the composer's hand, there are French harpsichord p'usi; * Caprichchio on the journey of a kokhany brother * vyavlya injected into the program clavier music, created by French musicians.

Weimar has gone farther and more lost in mastering French music. On the works of French harpsichordists, and especially François Couperin, Bach appeared on the keyboard sheet.

Bach was writing a cantati for an hour while working on the genres of organ and clavier music. Krim of spiritual cantatas cantata * Quiet less fun than polyvannya *. Won the Viconan in 1716. Throughout the year, Bach repeatedly introduced up to it a change (it’s worthwhile to take into account the verbal text) and presto it to the last official svyatkuvan; in kіntsі kіntsіv, music cantati pereyshov in the spiritual repertoire.

Otzhe, in Weimar's plan for Bach - a superbly important step. In the central, main area of Bahian music, organ music, the Weimar period has a whole lot of creative development. A few of the previous wraps were realizing and there was a residual form of piznish, if, having left Weimar, Bach moved to Kyoten.

BACH - Vikonavets.

Junak Bach also recommended himself as a first-class virtuosom - organist and clavier. Mabut, Bach well-known for trips to the town of Nimechchiny. See also about your transfer to Galle and Kassel in 1713. Viconany in Kassel, solo on the pedal, viciously in the presence of the crowd. In the Nastupny, 1714, Bach in Leipzig conducted his cantata in one of the churches * A ridge of yazychnik_v ryativnik*, Grave on organі. Bach's phenomenal improvisational gift is virtuosa mayzhe viklyuchav the power of supernaturalism. Behind the witnesses of the fellows, Bach Mig on one topic is empowered for two years, developing in the most recent and folding forms of polyphonic music.

A lot of memoirs of epizodes from the composer's artistic life, cite his biography. Zmagannya z Luї Marchand is especially often puzzled. In 1717, the rock Bach was wicked into Dresden - the capital of Saxony, de jumbo was proponated to take part in a concert with the help of a French clavier. Before one of the celebrated days, there was a sound and the first knowledge of two clavists. In one of the palace concerts, an offense was played on the keyboard, and in the same nich Marshan, feared failure, then drowning Dresden.

Kyoten. A set of fundamental works of SVITSKIKH chamber music.

In the end of 1717 Bach with a squad and children traveled to Kyoten. The Kerensky period is a reliably late one in the composer's life. The obligations of the "Director of the chamber music" at the little tooth-toothed court of Prince Ketensky did not take away a lot of energy for an hour. Ketenia has significant changes in her work and creativity. Loves іnstrument - organ - buv відсутній; Ale unpleasantly, the circumstances turned out positively for the keyboard and ensemble and instrumental music, especially in the music for the keyboard.

In 1722, Bach completed his work on the first volume of preludes and fugues * Good tempered clavier*. Before that, in 1720, there was no less vidatny tvir for the same instrument - * Chromatic fantasy and fugue * re minor To transfer the monumental form and dramatic pathetics of organ compositions to the clavier area.

Keteni has written klavier syuity - English and French.

are i beautiful create for other instruments: a number of sonatas for solo violin, a number of famous Brandenburg concerts for an instrumental ensemble. All works of art are referred to the number of outstanding works of the composer, but they are far from being drawn by Bach in the Keten period.

VID'ЇZD Z Kyoten.

The nature of the artist is always pragmatic to fresh, new enemies. And soon Kyoten will fix Bach's fitting. Yak and earlier, he tried to ruin his artistic trips, supervise the prince on the roads, and just ask the door to do something with skin rock. The experience and the world came to a special and family order; the death of the squad of Marya Barbary, the yak died in 1720 during the visit of Bach; bazhannya to give your sins garnu to be illuminated by the great university. In 1720, the axis of Bach was robbed of trying to vlashtuvatis in Gamburz, the vacancy of the organist at the church of St. Jacob.

Not too badly before that, Bach boo at Gamburzi and gravure on organs in the presence of bagatokh of organ art. Monumental fantasy, as it was, having improvised on the theme of spiritual painting "On the Babylonian Rivers", struck the listeners. Old Reinken, who was the most successful in organizing the bach hour, turned to the great artist with the words: "I thought that the art is dead, but now, you are still alive." The protest of Bach's prodigality was abandoned without respect, and the misce was given an untalented and insignificant specialness (the food of the virgin was a large sum of pennies, introduced by the applicant to the church treasury).

In 1721, the composer became friends with the daughter of a trumpeter from Weissenfels Hanna Magdalene Wikeln. Musically gifted, like a volodya with a strong strong voice, overpowered with a soft and noble character, Hanna Magdalena became a true friend and patron of the great musician.

Namir virvatisya from Keten did not polish Bach. With the death of Johann Kuhn, there was a meeting in the church of St. Fomi in Leiptsig. Bach, who has repeatedly appeared in the whole world, is a prominent organist and empiricist, having announced his candidacy. Ale і once for a new price did not appear light and forgive. The staff of the magistrate joked about the musicians of the "famous" and the cantor's miscellany, a copy of which was proponated to Telemann and Kapellmeister Graupner. Only because of the insult, as the insult appeared to me, the magistrate of perplexities buv "satisfied with the musician of the middle of the day" and zupiniv sv_y vibir on Johann Sebastian. Bach never dare dare to belittle the gidnist and creative freedom of intercourse. Ale did not get a vibor. Having overpowered my kolivannya, I won the vimogi of the Leipzig magistrate.

At the trawn 1723 Bach of the reassures of the cantor of the school of St. Fomi moved from his homeland to Leipzig.

Leipcizka PERIOD.

SCHOOL ST. Fomi. BACH - Cantor.

For the priznacheno ї Bahu rolі vіn buv zanadto honest, ingenuous and ... genial. The breakdowns were inevitable, and the stench didn’t get stuck.

Yak cantor of the sports school at the church of st. Fomi Bach zobov'yatsii buv servicemen with the help of the school and the head of the church of the world, to bear the responsibility for the country and the quality of church music. Ale koli Bach, starting to plant, the school was in the camp the main to break and fall.

Bach virishu bring to the magistrate " superficially a necessary project for a good service of church music together with unrelated worlds about the fall of the land. "

Bach buv is not capable of completing the avarice and production of the Leipzig fueling. All the bureaucratic bosses took up arms against the "hasty" cantor. "The cantor doesn’t only do nothing, but he doesn’t want to give an explanation once." Virishuyut, "the cantor is wrong", and, in the eyes of the vigilante, it is necessary to lower them for a fee and translate them into a young class.

The atmosphere in the school of St. Fomi changed with the appearance in 1730 of a new rector, the approved philologist Gessner, the great Shanuval musician of Bach. Gessner drew on the Leipzig office and began to introduce all kinds of inconsistencies. Ale tsei, trivially light period trivially. In 1734, Gessner's rotsi changed his rector, Ernest, - an unreasonable pedant, who did not row in any way, so as not to portray a life not in the world of a proud cantor.

At the poses of ways to seize his independence, Bach resigned to the invitation of the court musician, the Elector of Saxon. Encouraged to find patronage by sending two parts from Dresden si - minorny mesi.

Krim mesi, Bach wrote a number of cantatas for Dresden especially for the royal saints and holy days. Ale "noble" Elector Fridrikh August of Saxon, who became famous for his lack of communication and divine marnotry, after being "busy", should go to the prose of a modest cantor. More than three rockies were brought to the royal favor, and only in the end of 1736, Bach was happy; vin otrimav the title of the court musician of the Saxon elector. However, the tied up with the hopes did not work out, and the call of the court musician did not bring with it a trace - no visible results.

Artistic І Tvorcha DIYALNІST.

The severity of Bach's position was brightened up with artistic successes. The glory of the unrepentant virtuosus was won long ago on the organ and the claviri delivered new triumphs to them, took over the chanuvalniks and friends, the middle boules, such prominent people, like the composer Gasse and the famous boyfriend, the spokesperson Fystalivka.

In 1729, Bach, who became a part of the suspension, was forced into a state of robots, in the form of persistent involvement and continuous control. Vіn vistupa in the capacity of a conductor and viconavtsya in public concerts, as vlashtovuvali in small large mіstsyah. Nova form musical performance of the visuval and new creative staff... It is necessary to create, in accordance with the tastes and requirements of the international auditorium. For the musicians, Bach wrote a majestic piece of versatile music; orchestral, vocal. They have rich vigados, fervor and ingenuity.

Posada Bach - cantor of the school of St. Fomi, the goiters were tied up to intensive robots and in the hallucinations of church music. A great part of the writings of the creatures is carried up to the first fifteen years of moving to Leipzig. Great vocal - instrumental tvir, yakim Bach made his debut in Leipzig in 1723 rotsi, Bula Velichalna oratorio for five-part choir , Solistiv and orchestra... Mayzhe one hour Bach will finish the messages in Keteni * Addictions for Ioannu *... Like the first, there are some great things to do: * Mourning ode *(1727 рік), * Passion for Matthew *(1729 rik). The five riches of spiritual cantatas (as many as 300 creations) were also written in Leipzig. The whole tsei is colossal pratsya gіdno vіnchaє mesa si minor, Completed in 1738 roci.

The robot went over instrumental music... I will remove the residual crumbs the first volume of preludes and fugues * Good tempered clavier*. Yak pidsumok of bagatorial experimentation on the genre of solo clavier concert to appear * Italian concert*. Bach, wanting to cultivate the priority of the Italian in the genre of the concert, follow your lead to the Italian instrumentalism.

On the ear of the 14th rock, Bach again rises to the problem of the clavier polyphonic cycle - preludes and fugues - and another volume * Good tempered clavier*, Write along the way * Goldberg options*. Pererakhovani create an hour - the very news - occupy the central position in the work of the composer.

In the last ten years of life, Bach's interest has fallen to a musical performance. In 1740, the number of children was seen from the capital of the Collegium Musicum; without taking part in the scene in the offensive, 1741 new concert music organization. The giblets were torn by weak threads, as earlier they tied him with children of musicians, representatives of science and art. As one stronghold, a stronghold of self-reliance, the family was strong: a virgin and an insane friend - the squad of Hanna Magdalena, blue and a little bit of loving scholars.

DITI by Johann Sebastian

Bach's children were given a wonderful musical endowment; s young rock_v the stench of volodya was roaring on a number of instruments, and the daughter and the squad were so badly garnished with voices. For a great drop, Bach has specially put together different vocal and instrumental ensembles.

Sini Bach also became great musicians for the life of the daddy and zumіli occupy a scratch camp. Wilhelm Fridemann, an organist in Dresden; Phillip Emanuel encompassed the estate of the court musician Fridrikh 11 in Berlin, and along with the director of church music in Gamburz; Johann Kristof Friedrich, having spent time at Bückeburg at court services as a chamber musician; Johann Kristian is the organist of the cathedral in Milana, along with the conductor of the court chapel in London. Sini Johann Sebastian, as well as the very best in music, among which there were fewer serious professionals, to testify about his talent as a teacher.

BACH - TEACHER.

Bagato hour and respect Bach came to the beginning of pedagogical literature. With the teacher’s skill, preludes are tied to the ears, inventions and bagatories of the best claviers. Charming miniatures, masterpieces of the clavier mystery served as an additional material for vivchennya and vikonannya on the harpsichord of rich-voiced music, for setting the hand of those other pedagogical goals. Zbirniki tsikh p'єs, from small preludes to preludes and fugues * Good tempered clavieru *, - school of gris on claviri, which I am looking for all the steps of difficult. It is also impossible to apply the value of Bach's innovations in the applique.

Bach's pedagogical skill, who was a composer himself, did not deny proper assessment for life. To navigate after his death in the same magistrate lunar displeased voices: "The school needs a bov cantor, not a bandmaster", "r Bach boo, madly, a great musician, but not a teacher."

THE REST OF THE WORKS

V the rest of the rock Life Bach is an artist who is more and more in himself, and, bored into the inaccessible for the imaginative svit of musical and philosophical ideas, pragmatically as bi vidgoroditsya because of zhorstokoi action. Ale and the mystery of the quiet rocky, inaccessible for the majesty, consumes a bit of warmth and people.

* Musical offering * , * Fugue art *- two serii polyphonic p'єs... In them, the problem of polyphonic maysternality is permitted with the boundary for the whole style of mystery. Bach universally demonstrates technical possibilities, such as volodya counterpoint, polyphonic form, fugue. V * fugue* The majesty reached that great boundary, far away, which could not develop, but the great daring was interrupted by the artist's work. Remaining rocky life of the composer was filled with serious ailment of eyes. Pislya not far from the opera Bach oslip. Ale and todi vin prodovzhuvav fold, dictate your creation for the record.

The death of Bach, as a yak, was seen on the 28th of Linden 1750, did not wiggle the words - some kind of vidguk. In our days there is a tombstone in the church of St. Fomi, kudi bouly carrying the remains of the great composer, - the place of the permanent pilgrimage of a majestic number of people, who are smarting in front of the mighty gene of Bach. The share of the squad of that young daughter of Bach was summed up. Anna Magdalena ten years ago died in a booth for children. The youngest daughter Regina is alive and cold. Beethoven in the last days of a difficult life.

CHARACTERISTIC OF CREATIVITY.

The process of developing a masterpiece in the 18th century was folded and defaced. The old feudal-aristocratic ideology was heavily infused, altogether new sprouts were born and sprouting, in which the spiritual needs of the young, historically advanced class of the bourgeoisie were brought up.

At the naygostrіshіy struggle directly, through the retention and breaking of old forms, the new mystery is growing.

In such minds, the revelation of Bach's creations of the past forms and means of virazi gave a glimpse of respecting his creativity to the old, bulky. During the period of the ubiquitous overwhelming of gallant mysticism with its sophisticated forms and awkward wickedness, Bach's music seemed to be rearranged as foldable and immodest. The composer didn’t bash the blue in his creative work, except for anything.

Bahu opened his mind to the will of musicians, whose name was saved by history; but the stench did not "wield only vchenistyu", mali "relish, blisk and nizhne podchuttya".

Before Bach were put more or less the priesthood of orthodox church music. In such a rank, the creativity of Bach, having surpassed its era, has become overwhelmed by the buffoons of the gallant art, so the very same, and in the music of Bach, it is reasonable to introduce the destruction of the church and consecration of the history of the canons.

In the 19th century, the revival of Bach's creative work is being repaired. In 1802, the first biography of the composer appeared, written by the German historian Forkel; With her bagatim and tsikavim material, won her respect for the life and specialty of the composer. The directors of the great propaganda of Mendelssohn, Schumann, List, and Bach's music began to gradually penetrate into the wider middle. In 1850, the Bakhov's suspension was established, as he put his own for the meeting and take all the manuscript material, as well as lying to the great musician, and seeing it at the sight of the new creation. In the 30s of the 19th century, Bach's art of giblets can be found in musical life, to sound in the music, to be included in the repertoire of the main.

Ale in the smallest and most opinionated music of Bach, there are a lot of contradictory thoughts. Some historians characterized Bach, as an abstract misleader, operas with abstract musical and mathematical formulas, and they used to bach into a new life of mysticism, or a right-wing, well-disposed church musician.

Especially negative for the intelligence of the action of Bach's music, it was put down to it, as it was to the point of dzherelo polyphonic "wisdoms".

In Russia, the positive attitude to the work of Bach continued in the end of the 18th century. A review of Bach's works, which was seen in St. Petersburg, "Kishenkovy book for music lovers," appeared, in which the richness of his talent and vinyatkov's majesty was meant.

Bach chi does not equal respect for all musical genres. Nicholas winn’t getting tired of rewriting and “correcting” the writing, it’s not worthy of discussion, nor the scale of the creation. So, the manuscript of the first to that "Good Tempered Clavier" was rewritten by the Chotiri Razi. To the numerical serpents "Passion according to Ioann" has fallen; The first version of "Passion for John" is dated until 1724 to rock, and the rest - to the rest of life.

The greatest innovator and pioneer in a number of new genres, Bach did not write operas and didn’t shy away from trying. The protest of dramatic operatic style of Bach is wide and rich. The prototype of Bach's childish, pathic, sorrowful, or heroic themes can be found in dramatic operatic monologues.

In vocal works, Bach can be cried out in all forms of solo singing, vibrating operatic practice, different types of arias, recitative. It is not unique to vocal ensembles, to introduce tsikaviy by means of concentrating, so that it can be used as a soloist voice and instrument.

Among the doers, such as, for example, In Passion for Matthew, the basic principles of opera dramaturgy (the sound of music and drama, the continuity of the musical and dramatic development) are included more recently. More than once I brought Bach to the vislukhovuvati in the theatricality of cult creations.

Seriousness of thought, zeal to the great phylosovian uzagalnen of living things, instead of concentrating the folding material in stislich musical images with the invisible power of enlightenment in Bach's music. The power of power zoomed in the need for a trivial development of the musical idea, they wicked their praise to the last and repeated development of the richly significant musical image.

Bach was the first to emerge and victorious to see the power of polyphonic music: dynamics and logic to the process of developing melodic lines.

Bach's creation with a kind of symphonic symphony. The internal symphonic development is united in the string of the number of ends of the number of the minor meshes, due to the fact that the ruch is straightened in small fugues "Good tempered clavier". Bach Buv is not only the greatest polyphonist, but the most famous harmonicist. It is not for nothing that Beethoven respected Bach for his father's harmony. The number of bakhyvskih creations, de-perevazhaє homophonically warehouse, is seen in a divine variety of chord-harmony endings, that particular variability of harmonies, as the distant transfer of the harmonic representation of the music of the music.

Feel the dynamism of tonalities, tonal sounds, so we will be new for the hour of Bach. The ladotonal development, the palatal ruch is one of the most important factors and the basis for the formation of the bagatech of the bach's creations.

The polyphony of Bach is a tse Persh for all the melody, її rukh, the whole self-life of the skin melodious voice and gossip of bagatio voices into a crumbling sound fabric, until one voice is supposed to sound like a sound.

ROZBIR MUSIC CREATIVES

Klavirnym CREATIVITY

The memory of the clavier mystery is made possible from the first half of the 18th century; wines of dressings from the range of prominent maestros; François Couperin, Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757), Georg Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach and others. Not applied the historical roles of Couperin, Scarlatti, Handel, followed by the vision of Bach as the greatest innovator in the field of clavier creativity.

Those who have taken the best and more beautiful, lower school and clavier music of Italy, England, France, Bach zekhtuvav Tim, which was blown up by a new one in Batkivshchyna.

Bach was the first to see the universality of the clavier. I have reworked the instrument into a reference for creative laboratory, so that we do not get damaged by fences and church control, I can easily experiment and see the best projects and ideas.

Bach poses for the rich arsenal of organ, violin, operatic literature, stylistic priyomy, especially the form and play of the clavier masterpiece. I have introduced a number of genres into creative practice, which were not even earlier in clavier music. Win a new interpretation of the clavier plot, widely vikorystyu improvizatsii and imitatsiyni forms, which were previously practiced, importantly, in organ music. Zastosovuchi to the achievement of the violin music, to the adoption of the new genre of the clavier concerto. The genre richness of bachy clavier music will be supplemented by the majestic series of all kinds of variations and pedagogical endeavors. Piano music is bound to the labor of an innovator-misler and a skilled artist, a great master, penetrating and copyright, with its own bright maybutnim. Bach bouv її as a master.

GOOD tempering clavier

Bach mav with wide interests, and in his creativity presented nybilsh different genres, Ale fugue, and not a clavier fugue, which was passed to the center of yogo uvaga. Winning step by step pragnuv to a thorough understanding of the form; with the strength of the robot over the clavier fugue of the essential meaning of the stage of the composer's creative life.

First of all, the prelude and fugue "Good Tempered Clavier", completed in Ketenia in 1722, was a great work.

Twenty chotiri preludes and fugues, stored in the first volume of "Good Tempered Clavier", are the same non-reversals of polyphonic clavier music.

Through rich rock, in Leipzig, Bach again rises to the problem of the cycle of preludes and fugues from the lessons of the major and minor keys. This is how another volume of "The Good Tempered Clavier" with twenty chotiroh preludes and fugues appears.

"Good tempering clavir" rightly embraces a kind of encyclopedia of Bakhiv images. Bach opens the great and folding in the pink rose of chamber forms internal light people, rich in the area of human sentiments.

Ethichny zmіst, vіlene in the form of impenetrable thoroughness, brought "Good tempering clavіr" to the encampment of the greatest manifestation of the sacred mystery. It’s not for nothing that great musicians have come to mind in the cikh works: Beethoven, Chopin, Schumann, List and a lot of them. Bach didn’t realize that what was created to represent the trash of a mystery of vinyatkovoi value.

Tsei tvir Bach wrote, bazhayuchi to introduce into the artist the practice of changing the tonalities of the tempered mode, about himself having barely voiced in such tones: Mi, so і minornі Re, Mi, Fa. Written for the corny and living the music of the young, especially for spending an hour quiet, but right at the galuzy ".

Tempering, albeit equivalent, "virivnyanny" mode, on the basis of the natural, based on the sub-octave on two twelve vernacular pivotones. Adjustments of a natural keyboard instrument, sounding purely between tonalities with a small number of signs; the tonalities of the three-chotiroh signs sounded out of tune and didn’t get used to it. As the role of the keyboard grew more and more like a companion and like a solo instrument, the need for one correct fret was more urgent, as it would allow bi storing all the tonalities of the major and minor frets, rather modularly The temperament of the bullet from the house to Bach, the protector of the genius of Bach, was the systematization and the publicity with such artistic power to consume and praise his capital, to transfer those who have lost their experience in musical practice.

The insult to tomi p'єs "Dobre tnmperіrovnogo klavіru" compiled for the same formal familiarity. Skin prelude and fugue to become the background of the tvir, but not to the fugue tonal: prelude and fugue in C major, prelude and fugue in C minor, prelude and fugue in C minor, prelude and fugue in C major, preludes and fugue in C minor This rank, lastly, in the chromatic order, is hunted for all the great and flat tones of the major and minor frets.

In the "Good Clavier Tempering" there are explicit thematic sounds between the prelude and footer on the day. Tim is not Menne їkh їєdnannya not to be interspersed with the out-of-the-box tonalities; There is a lesser "see" sound, zooming with internal, ideological and emotional zymism, and manifesting itself in the skin surrounding in a different way. You should be able to start taking care of two young people in the same city.

Ale і the back of mind - a vivid, from the essence of polyphonic music and forms - a contrasting display of an impromptu prelude and a strictly constructive fugue. The whole complex is biased, so biased, the callous contrast is lost in the inner, if there is a difference behind the zmisty and character of the musical image. So, the male, energetic, with the motor forward movement, the musical image of the pre-minor prelude is contrasted with the vitonchene grace of the fugue; The mournful lyric poetry of the fugue appears with a "revolting side" of the idyllic salt-minorn prelude; light kovzanniyu D major prelude with violin texture protistoit pisna, theatrical-svyatkov fugue (1st volume).

The contrast of the musical images of the prelude and fugue is typical for Bakhiv's cyclical compositions; in "Good tempering clavіri" contrast becomes the basic principle. However, it is not a bit of a fallacy, if the anger of the prelude and fugue does not start with a contrasting vision, but a spirit of musical imagery. Yak butt can be given preludes and fugues mi-flat, do-diz minor, si-Sinor (I volume).

P'usi DTK, as and most of Bach's instrumental pieces, refer to the area of non-programmed music, because they have no name, not the author's references to a specific plot or a poetic idea. Alle wide imagery and genre sound will help to penetrate into the senses of the sense of bach music.

There is no need to develop ideas and musical involvement in the DTK. All the same types of musical images allow for the formation of preludes and fugues by the genre signs that are used in them, by the similarity (unaffected by the lack of vision) of the emotional zmist. So, for example, fugues in C minor (I vol.), C major (II vol.), C-diz major, G major (I vol.) It is possible to bring to the works, in which the theme of the dance store is subtly included (cym fugam inno power and character).

The central scene of the loan is a large group of preludes and fugues of a demented lyrical character. The stench is seen as a special seriousness of thought, the intensity of internal development. They open up a hostile glybin and rich-faceted natchnenna bakhivska lyrica. In the case of the skin group, it is always a new visibility by those who are the first turn: pathetic or tragedy, enlightened-summarily or seemingly observant, philosophically self-absorbed, or mournfully lyrical.

Prelude and Fugue to Minor from the First Volume “ Good tempered clavier ”.

Prelude to a clear and energetic rhythm. The fast pace and the same texture (sixteen) give the music a great life and ruggedness. The very same bezperervno current character of the ruch lured by the preludes of the polyphonic warehouse.

In the other half of the prelude, there is a readier collapse, like a wide "swing" arpeggiated passages. Then ruh zupinyaєtsya - next short episode (only one measure), nagadu recitative solo in the vocal creation. Vin to bring into the foreplay the moment, think, think. Variety іntonatsії, zupinki in rus zupinki in rusіvlyuyut music in pathetic tone, nayut vyslov great significance. Tse yak bi mudre "word" from the author - the culmination of the prelude. Then there is a small amount of space. Arpeggiated passages step by step take in their assertiveness, which is why they spry and vitriman bass do.

The rest of the sound of the prelude - the major tertiary - is the main theme in the enlightenment of toni.

Energіyna and Zhva Fuga is less similar to the prelude. The word "fugue" in Latin means "big". The music fugue has a foldable crisis polyphonic tvir, de smelly one-way hiba nzdoganyaє інshy or іdpovіdaє іnshomu.

One theme lies at the heart of the great fugues. Subsidiaries and consumer fugues are much more developed - with two or three themes. Fugu start an initiative one voice, like a Viklada theme. Yak in the inventions and symphonies, the theme of the fugue is that "grain", from which all tvir is virost. Late in the number of voices, the fugue can be two-part, three-part, chotiroh or five-part.

Fugue in C minor in three voices. Name the voices of the fugue as well as the names of the voices in the chorus: soprano, alto, bass. The fugue is obeyed from the monophonic viklad by those middle (alto) voice in the basic key. Three times the main melodic turn, more peaceful, lower tempo in the prelude, deyak dancer to the rhythm, vitality and gracefulness to shrug, especially relativistic and good to remember.

Another performance was assigned to the upper (Sopranovy) voice in the dominant tonality of G minor. Here I will call the topic "vidpovidi" or "fellow".

The song is a small two-beat intermedia, prompted by the main melodic turn of those who won’t sound the third time - in the bass. By the hand of the viclades, those in the skin of the voices become the first razdil fugue - її exhibition.

Another two-stroke intermedia with a single opening from the middle section of the fugue - rosette... The rosette is repaired in M flat major - a key parallel to the C minor. Major for music in light toni. In rozrobtsi the theme is held in different tonalities. Activate the collapse in the intermedia.

In the turn of the main tonality, the third part of the fugue is given - reprise. The theme sounds here only in the basic tonality. When the distance appears in the lowest register, it sounds especially significant and is perceived as the culmination of the fugue. The bass podvoyuєtsya in an octave, so we need the music to pull the organ sounding. Progressively collapse to calm down. I finish the fugue with a major chord, which sounds especially enlightening for a dramatic culmination.

The enthusiastic character of the prelude and fugue does not make it possible to perceive the two parts of the same cycle. Creation of a single tonality for the whole spriyness, the activity of the ruch in both passages, however, the place of growth and the dramatic nature of culmination and, nareshty, sporidness of "fading" enlightenment.

BASIC WORKS.

Vocal and instrumental create

Mesa sі minor

"Passion for Matthew" and "Passion for John"

Holy and Spiritual Cantati

orchestral create

4 overtures (syuity)

6 "Brandenburg Concerts"

Concerts for solo instruments with orchestra

7 concerts for clavier with orchestra

3 concerts for two, 2 - for three claviers and orchestra

3 concertos for violin with orchette

concert for two violins with orchestra

CREATURES FOR SMICHKY INSTRUMENTS

6 sonatas and parts for solo violin

7 sonatas for violin and claviro

6 suites (sonatas) for cello solo

Organization of pratsi

choral preludes

pasakal_ya to minor

preludes and fugues

fantasies and tokata

keyboard create

collection of "Little Preludes and Fugues"

48 Preludes and Fugues (two volumes "Good Tempered Clavier")

6 "French" and 6 "English suites" 6 partitas

"Italian Concert" for solo keyboard, "Chromatic fantasy and fugue".

Chi is not a chill, but a sea of demand, call it!

Ludwig van Beethoven.

Here is the word: "Bach" - in nimetski means "strumok". Alle the music of Bach - a whole sea of action or to navigate a whole ocean of feelings and thoughts. It’s more time to pass an hour in silence, as the composer is alive, it’s more space and depth of art for people to see. About Bach, his life and creativity on rіznykh movakh svitu written without any books. And everything is new and new - it’s even uncomfortable to pick up the Ocean!

Ledva can't find the best books about Bach for the Nimetsian clergyman Albert Schweitzer, one of the miraculous people of the 20th century. A. Schweitzer wrote about Bach: "The wine of a man is two sights: his artistic vision and creativity are opposed, the Germans do not run away from the commonplace burghers' pictures, just see them".

Yogo music was not properly assessed by the participants. For life, I am famous for my head rank, I play on organs. About the Bach organist, they spoke about a miracle, and they dedicated them to:

It seems that if Orpheus chipped the strings of his lute

On the sounds of її zbіgalisya from the forest of zvіrі.

Ale the mystery of Bach rightfully vvazhayut vishche,

That is why the whole world marveled at you.

As soon as I heard the music, I thought about it, I woke up to see a man who lived close to three hundred years in that, and looked forward to seeing a portrait of the composer, imagining the mighty folding of a broad-faced man in a peruvian fashion.

List of vikoristanikh dzherel .

1. Music literature foreign lands... V. Galatsky

2. A book about music and great musicians. V. Vasina-Grossman.

3. Answers about Johann Sebastian Bach. G. Skudina.

4. Music and ty. G. Skudina.

5. Music literature of foreign lands. І. Prokhorov.

6. Pionersky music club. Ukladach O. Ochakivska .

Johann Sebastian Bach was born on 21 birch trees 1685 in Eisenach. Bach, lying down to the rounded Nimetsky family, overwhelmed the majority of representatives of which, in a stretch, three tables were professional musicians, who served in the small towns of Nimechchin. Pochatkova musical illumination of the sound from the old father (gras on violin and harpsichord). After the death of the father (mother died earlier), he was recognized in the family of his older brother Johannes Kristof, who served as a church organist at St. Michael's Church in Ohrdruf. U 1700-03 rr. navchavsya in the school of church pianists in Luneburz. Let's go to Hamburg, Celle and Lubeck for the knowledge of the creativity of famous musicians of the present hour, new French music. Bach’s first composer’s prelude to the rock is to create for the organ and the keyboard. Rocky mandrіvok (1703-08)

After the end of the day, Bach will be busy with the robotize, which will take care of the daily bread and take an hour for creativity. From 1703 to 1708 he served in Weimar, Arnstadt, Mühlhausen. In 1707 (17 October) they become friends with their cousin Mary Barbara Bach. Yogo creative interests boules zoseredzheni todi, head rank, in music for organ and clavier. Nayvidomishe Tvir That Hour - "Capricho to the Return of the Kohan Brother" (1704) (the visit of Johann Jacob to Sweden).

Weimarsky period (1708-17)

Having gotten off in 1708 at the court musician with the Duke of Weimar, Bach was primed in Weimar, de to spend 9 years. The times of rock became an hour of intensive creativity, in which the main place belonged to the creators for the organ, including the numerical choral preludes, organ tokata and fugue d-minor, pasakalia d-minor. The composer wrote music for long clavier, spiritual cantati (ponad 20). Vikoristovuchi traditional forms, bringing them to the best perfection. Weimar and Bach gave birth to blues, the maybutny to the composer Wilhelm Frideman and Karl Filpp Emanuel.

Service in Keteni (1717-23)

In 1717, Bach accepted the requested service (conductor of the court chapel) of the Duke of Anhalt-Ketensky Leopold. Life in Ketenia is the most precious hour in the life of the composer: the prince, illumination for his hour, Lyudin and the unbelievable musician, praising Bach and not enticing his creativity, asking him for his trip. In Keteni bouly, three sonatis and three parts for solo violin were written, a number of suites for solo cello, English and French suites for clavier, a number of Brandenburg concerts for orchestra. A special interest is presented by the collection "Good tempering claviers" - 24 preludes and fugues, written in all keys and in practice to bring the transitions of the Tempered musical mode, near the hardened one of the hot super-spikes. In the same year, Bach opened another volume of "Good Tempered Clavier", so it was also composed of 24 preludes and fugues in different tonalities. Ale without a cold period of Bach's life, which ended in 1720 with his dweller's squad, who lost some of the young children. In 1721 Bach became friends with Anna Magdalena Vilka. In 1723, the vikonannya of the Passion for John was issued in the church of St. Fomi in Leiptsigu, and Bach didn’t forget to place the cantor of the church with a one-hour visit to the school teacher at the church (Latin and spiv).

U Leipzig (1723-50)

Bach became the "musical director" of all the churches of the world, stitching behind a special storehouse of musicians and spouses, sparing for those events, indicating the need to create and create something rich before the show. Not being cunning і mankіruvati і not being in the snake of vikonuvati everything summarily, the composer, having repeatedly spent time in conflicting situations, wandered his life and saw himself in the form of creativity. The artist of the dossyag at that hour of the heights of the majesty and opening up the miracles in different genres. In the first place, spiritual music: cantati (save close to two hundred), "Magnifikat" (1723), mesi (including the immortal "Visoka Mesa" si-minor, 1733), "Passion for Matthew" (1729), dozens of cantatas (in the middle - comic books "Kavova" and "Selyanska"), create for organ, orchestra, harpsichord (middle of the last, you need to see the cycle "Aria with 30 variations", so called "Goldberg-variations", 1742). In 1747, Bach opened the cycle of "Musical Offering", the assignments of the Prussian king Fridrikh II. The rest of the robot became a tvir under the name "The Mystery of the Fugue" (1749-50) - 14 fugues and 4 canons on one theme.

Share of creative decline

In the end of the 1740s, the rock of Bach's health was lost, especially the turbulence was lost. Two not far away operations with a visible cataract have caused to another slap. Ten days before his death, Bach had unsuccessfully recovered his sight, and then the blow that brought him to his grave was trapped with him. Urochisti burials wikimed in greatness to the people in the winter months. The composer was praised near the church of St. Fomi, in Yakiy Vin having served 27 years. However, in the course of the territory of the storehouse, a road was laid, the grave was ruined. In 1894, the remains of Bach were known to have passed the hour of awakening robots in 1894; The share of this decline appeared foldable. For life, Bach koristuvavs popularity. However, after the death of the composer and the musician, they began to go into oblivion. Sponsored interest before his creativity in 1820-і rocky, the ear of which was honored by the Victory in 1829 in Berlin "Passion for Matthew" (organized by F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdі). In 1850, the "Bakhovsky Suspension" was published, as well as the publication of all the composer's manuscripts (46 volumes have been seen for the last half of the year).

Bach is the best figure of light musical culture. Yogo creativity is one of the heights of philosophical thought in music. Vіlnally grasping rice is not only the genres of genres, alley and national schools, Bakh has created immortal masterpieces, like standing over an hour. Being a great composer of the Baroque era, Bach pioneered the music of the new hour at once.

Sered prodovzhuvachіv shukan Bach - yogo blue. In total, the new Bulo has 20 children: seven of the first squad - Marya Barbary Bach (one thousand six hundred and fifty chotiri - 1720), and 13 of the other - Hanny Magdalena Vilke (1701 - 1760), only nine of them survived Four synods became composers. Krim zgadanih vishche - Johann Kristian (1735-82), Johann Kristof (1732-95).

Bach's biography

ROCKY	LIFE	CREATIVITY
	Born in m to Eisenach in the family of a hereditary musician. This profession is traditionally for the whole family of Bachs: mayzhe all representatives on the protesters of decilkoh become musicians. Johann Sebastian's first musical mentor is Buv Yogo Batko. Besides, a beautiful voice can be heard, singing at the chorus.
In 9 rockiv	We became a round orphan, and we became aware of the vikhovannya in the family of our older brother - Johannes Kristof, who served as an organist in Ohrdrufe.
	In 15 years, he finished the Ordruf Lyceum with familiarity and moved to Luneburg, De joining the chorus of "backstabbers" (in Michaelschule). Up to 17 years of life in volodya with harpsichord, violin, viola, organ.
	With a stretch of decilcoh coming rock_v kіlka razіv zmіnyu mіsce living, serving as a musician (violinist, organist) in small nіmetsky places: Weimar (1703),Arnstadt (1704),Mühlhausen(1707). The reason for moving the skin is one and the same - the lack of satisfaction with the minds of the robot, a fallow camp.	The first to create appears - for the organ, the clavier ("Caprichchio for the departure of the kokhany brother"), First spiritual cantati.
	Veimarska PERIOD Having performed not service to the Duke of Weimar as a court organist and chamber musician in the chapel.	- the rock of Bach's first composer's maturity, even more fertile in his creative relationship. The culmination in organ creativity has been reached - it has declared everything more beautifully, which was created by Bach for the whole instrument: Tokata and Fugue in D Minor, Prelude and Fugue in A Minor, Prelude and Fugue in C Minor, Tokata in C Major, Passacalia in C Minor, And also famous "Organa booklet". In parallel with organ works, he performed over the cantati genre, over the transcription for the clavier of violin Italian concerts (most of the Vivaldi). Weimar rock is also characteristic of the first beasts to the genre of solo violin sonaty and syuity.
	Ketensky PERIOD He became a "director of chamber music", tobto the chief of all court musical life at the court of the Ketensky prince. Pranguchi give sin to the university education, try to move to the great place.	Oskilki in Keteni, the sound is good organ and choral chapel, with the main respect on the clavier (I volume "DTK", Chromatic fantasy and fugue, French and English scenes) and ensemble of violin
	Leipcizka PERIOD Stak cantor (kerivnik choir) in Tomashul - schools at the church of St. Fomi. Besides the magnificent creative work and service in the church school, taking an active part in the activities of the "Musical College" of the place. There was a lot of music lovers' suspension, which also organized concerts of light music for the inhabitants of the place.	- an hour of the person who is looking for the bakhivskoy genija. Bulls and shortcuts create for choir and orchestra: Mesa si-minor, Passion for John and Passion for Matthew, Rizdvyana's orator, more cantatas (about 300 - in the first three rock). In the last ten years, Bach, in the greatest world, is engaged in music, whether it be applied in any way. Such II volume "DTK" (1744), as well as parties, "Italian concert. Organ of the Mesa, Ariya with Riznim Variatsii ”(after the death of Bach, they were named Goldberg's).
	Remain rocky with sick eyes. Pislya not far from the opera blinded, ale prodovzhuvav pisati.	Two polyphonic cycle - "Mystery of the fugue" and "Musical offering".

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Saint Petersburg Humanitarian University of Professionals

KIROVSKY PHILIA

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discipline« Theory and Methods of Music "

Topic: "Life and Work of Johann Sebastian Bach"

Savinikh S.V.

June 15, 2013

Entry

1. Life path of Johann Sebastian Bach

2. Characteristics of the creativity of Johann Bach

2.1 Organ creativity

2.2 Orchestral and chamber music

2.3 Vocal create

3. Share of Bach music

visnovok

Entry

Johann Sebastian Bach is a German composer, representative of the Baroque era, organist-virtuos, music teacher. More than two hundred rocky days have passed since the day of Bach's death, but I think that all the growth is growing up to this music. For life, the composer did not take away the well-deserved recognition. For his life, Bach wrote 1000 creations for his life. His creativity presents all the significant genres of that hour, except for the opera; win the book about the achievement of musical art from the period of the Baroque. I vvazhayu, bach - the tse of non-transformations the master of polyphony. Contrary to the expansions of the myth, Bach went to death without being forgotten.

True, there was a lot of creativity for the clavier: you did it, you saw it, you saw it, you did it for didactic purposes. In the church, Bach's works were played for the organ, in a post-life experience there was a boule of harmonization of chorales. Bach's cantata-oratorical works sounded rather odd (I want it to be widely propagated in the Church of St. bakhivskoy sleeping decline.

Great suspilny resonance was raised by Zelter, twenty-five Felix Mendelssohn-Barthold on the 11th birch of 1829 at Berlina "Passion for Matthew". They began to find rehearsals, as they performed Mendelssohn - they showed the helpless music lovers. The tribute is not enough of such success, but a concert of repeated repetitions on the day of Bach's People's Day. "Passion for Matthew" was sounded in the same places - in Frankfurt, Dresden, Kenigsberz. The meta of my robots is taka: z'yasuvati yak Johann Sebastian Bach infiltrating the music of the coming composers. Here is the following:

1. Life path by Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach was born on the 31st birch of 1685 in Eisenach, a small provincial town of Türіngіya, in one of the most beautiful Nimetsian regions, at the mіtsyah, long ago tied with music. Johann is always writing, scho lying down to the famous musical family. Muzykanti bouly yogo dіd, pradіd, daddy, daddy brothers, їхni children, as well as the birth brothers of Johann Sebastian. Prominent musicians became the year of the strongest blue. Throughout the 17th - 18th centuries from the Türlingia, the same lackluster organisms, composers, violinists, flutists, bandmasters, trumpets from the Bach family have settled, but the word “Bach” itself is not synonymous with the word “musician. A professional musician, which is also traditional for the Bach family, Johann Sebastian was trained in the early years. The first lecturer of the boy, the buv yogo dad, is the Skripal, the Musikant from Eisenakhe. At the school, Johann Sebastian has slept at the school, and will be attracted to the most popular young people; for a small fee, the stench was smelled at the holy saints, and at the funeral and at the funeral they sang spiritual songs. Nine Rocks Johann Sebastian lost his life as an orphan and was taken over by his older brother Iohann Kristof.

The music of Johann Sebastian passed farther away from his brother's performance. Ale genially gifted nature, it is unlikely that she could be satisfied with the pedantic, schooly - workmanship lessons of Johann Kristof. Vin appeared as a dry, insensitive musician. For an addictive, musical lad, the price is great. To that still tenfold child, pragnuv to self-enlightenment. Having learned that his brother in the shafi zerigatysya sows with the creators of the glorified composers, the boy at that time dropped off and rewrote the notes at the monthly light. A lot of months of triviality is a tedious robot, won’t strongly deceive the star of the Maybut composer. It’s like a tortured child, if a brother found him once for a time of busyness and saw the same rewritten notes. Here - and the strengths of Johann Sebastian's character appeared for the first time: easeliness, straightforwardness, easeliness in pratsi. Early pragnennya to a special freedom sponded the fifteen-year-old Yunak to dim his brother and shukati koshti for an independent iznuvannya. At 1700 years old, Johann Sebastian moved to the town of Luneburg.

A beautiful voice, loudly playing the violin, organ, harpsichord, helped him to enter the choir of the "back-to-back", de vin having cut off a small fee. Right there, in Luneburg, in 1703 Bach finished school; he is a great student and having finished his diploma, giving him the right to enter the university. Ale, speed up the right youmu without getting into it. Bach is guilty of giving all his respect to the thoroughly composer's and Vicon's majesty - one for a new real dzherel sensation. In general, Luneburg, like Arnstadt and Weimar, are significant stages of the great creative nobility of the composer. With Luneburg, the rocks of science and early youth were sketched; a new darkness appeared in the important life of the composer. At a quarter of 1703 Bach yak skripal come to serve in a small princely chapel near Weimar. Ale there is a taste of wine. Not satisfied with the work and the fallow camp, I was willing to accept the request for the post of the organist of the New Church in the city of Arnstadt, and in 1704 I went there.

The life of yogo in the whole place was at once accelerated by the drift of yogi, ogidnoy vіynoyu, enthralled by the patronage against the dreadful genіy, worried by his sleepy calm. The dissatisfaction grew up again, and with it Bach cooled down to his office robot. In 1705, the rock, having quickened on a vidpustkoyu, Bach, through the marriage of cats on a carriage, went to Lubeck pishki. Arnstadt's turn of Bach was far from amiable. The coarse man has finished his drink, the meticulous involvement in the special life of Bach's encampment in Arnstadt was unbearable. In 1707, Bach moved to Mühlhausen and sent a church musician to the same place. I know Weimar. Bach at the service. Zaluchennya to the light musical art. Weimar's Bach tried about ten rock times. Here, for the first time, there was a possibility of criticism in the funniest Vicon's music of his rich-early talent, viprobuvati in the best effort: as an organist, a musician of an orchestral drop, in a way of bringing the music to a violin and a harpsichord Otzhe, in Weimar's plan for Bach - a superbly important step. In the central, main area of Bahian music, organ music, the Weimar period has a whole lot of creative development.

A few of the previous wraps were realizing and there was a residual form of piznish, if, having left Weimar, Bach moved to Kyoten. The Ketensky period is certainly the last in the life of the composer. In 1720, Bach rozi tried to vlashtuvatisya in Gamburzi, the vacancy of the organist at the church of st. Jacob. In 1721, the composer became friends with the daughter of a trumpeter from Weissenfels Hanna Magdalene Wikeln. At the trawn 1723 Bach of the reassures of the cantor of the school of St. Fomi moved from his homeland to Leipzig. Years later, Bach became more and more girder. Tim is not the man, he prodovzhuvav fold the music, dictating to his son-in-law Altnikkol. Taylor doubled over Bach's opera, ale of offended operations appeared close by, Bach became faint. 18 years old, unsupported, unsuccessful insights, and even in the evening there was a blow with him. Bach died 28 linden; Possibly, the cause of death was the accelerated operation.

The hour, which was lost in a new range of estimates in more than 1000 talers, and included 5 harpsichords, 2 lute harpsichords, 3 violins, 3 viola, 2 cellos, viola da gamba, lute and sacred books, as well as 52 books. With a hand of life, Bach wrote about 1000 creations. The composer was praised near the church of St. John, one of two churches, after serving for 27 years. However, the grave was ruined for good, and in 1894 the remains of Bach were known vipadkovo for an hour of awakening robots from the expansion of the church, de and boules were messed up in 1900. Pislya ruinuvannya of the church of the church before the hour of the Other holy wines the ashes of the transfer on 28 April 1949 to the church of St. Thomas. In 1950 rotsi, which is the name of rock I. S. Bach, a bronze tombstone was erected over the month of the building.

2. Characteristics of creativityJohann Bach

The creativity of Bach, which may be unattainable for life, will surely be forgotten after his death. An hour has passed, and the first time has come to be able to assess the decline, which the most composer has lacked. The process of developing a masterpiece in the 18th century was foldable and superfine. The old feudal-aristocratic ideology was heavily infused, and new spirits were still conceived and matured, in which the spiritual needs of the young, historically advanced class of the bourgeoisie were brought up.

In such minds, the revelation of Bach's creations of the past forms and the way they were twisted gave a glimpse of his creativity to the old, bulky. During the period of the ubiquitous overwhelming of gallant mysticism with its sophisticated forms and awkward wickedness, Bach's music seemed to be rearranged as foldable and immodest. The composer didn’t bash the blue in his creative work, except for anything. Bahu opened his mind to the will of musicians, whose name was saved by history; but the stench did not "wield only vchenistyu", mali "relish, blisk and nizhne podchuttya". Before Bach were put more or less the priesthood of orthodox church music.

In such a rank, the creativity of Bach, having surpassed its era, has become overwhelmed by the buffoons of the gallant art, so the very same, and in the music of Bach, it is reasonable to introduce the destruction of the church and consecration of the history of the canons. In the 19th century, the revival of Bach's creative work is being repaired. In 1802, the first biography of the composer appeared, written by the German historian Forkel; With her bagatim and tsikavim material, won her respect for the life and specialty of the composer. The directors of the great propaganda of Mendelssohn, Schumann, List, and Bach's music began to gradually penetrate into the wider middle. In 1850, the Bakhov's suspension was established, as he put his own for the meeting and take all the manuscript material, as well as lying to the great musician, and seeing it at the sight of the new creation. In the 30s of the 19th century, Bach's art of giblets can be found in musical life, to sound in the music, to be part of the original repertoire. Deyakі historians characterized Bach, as an abstract misleader, opera with abstract musical and mathematical formulas, they used to bach into the new life of a mystic or a right-wing, well-disposed church musician.

Especially negative for the intelligence of the action of Bach's music, it was put down to it, as it was to the point of dzherelo polyphonic "wisdoms". In Russia, the positive attitude to the work of Bach continued in the end of the 18th century. A review of Bach's works, which was seen in St. Petersburg, "Little Book for Music Lovers", was a review of Bach's works, which meant the richness of his talent and vinyatkov's skill. Nicholas winn’t getting tired of rewriting and “correcting” the writing, it’s not worthy of discussion, nor the scale of the creation. So, the manuscript of the first to that "Good Tempered Clavier" was rewritten by the Chotiri Razi. To the numerical serpents "Passion according to Ioann" has fallen; The first version of "Passion for John" is dated until 1724 to rock, and the rest - to the rest of life. The greatest innovator and the founder of a number of new genres, Bach didn’t write operas and didn’t start trying. The protest of dramatic operatic style of Bach is wide and rich.

The prototype of Bach's childish, pathetic and mournful or heroic themes can be found in dramatic opera monologues. In Bach's vocal works, it is natural to cite all forms of solo singing, vibrated operatic practice, different types of arii, recitative. It’s not unique to vocal ensembles, to introduce a tsikaviy priyom of concentration, so that it is enchanted with a solo voice and an instrument. ) Included more lastly, not in the recent Bahu Italian opera. More than once I brought Bach to the vislukhovuvati in the theatricality of cult creations.

Throughout Bach's "zinuvachen" they did not rip up any traditional evangelical subjects, no spiritual texts, or submission to music. At the same time, the super-eccentricity of the orthodox church rules overwhelmed the interpretation of animal images, and the wicked character of the music ruined the manifestation of the meta and significance of music in the church. Seriousness of thought, zeal to the great phylosovian uzagalnen of living things, instead of concentrating the folding material in stislich musical images with the invisible power of enlightenment in Bach's music. The power of power zoomed in the need for a trivial development of the musical idea, they wicked their praise to the last and repeated development of the richly significant musical image. Bach was the first to emerge and victorious to see the power of polyphonic music: dynamics and logic to the process of developing melodic lines.

Bach's creation with a kind of symphonic symphony. Internal symphonic development is united in line with the number of ends of the number of the minor meshes, due to the fact that the ruff is straightened in small fugues "Good tempered clavier". Bach Buv is not only the greatest polyphonist, but the most famous harmonicist. It is not for nothing that Beethoven respected Bach for his father's harmony. The number of bakhyvskih creations, de-perevazhaє homophonically warehouse, is seen in a divine variety of chord-harmony endings, that particular variability of harmonies, as the distant transfer of the harmonic representation of the music of the music. Feel the dynamism of tonalities, tonal sounds, so we will be new for the hour of Bach. The ladotonal development, the palatal ruch is one of the most important factors and the basis for the formation of the bagatech of the bach's creations. The polyphony of Bach is a tse Persh for all the melody, її rukh, the whole self-life of the skin melodious voice and gossip of bagatio voices into a crumbling sound fabric, until one voice is supposed to sound like a sound. Bach wrote about 1000 musical works. The annual skin of all creatures has been assigned a BWV number (shortly from Bach Werke Verzeichnis - Bach's robotic catalog). Bach wrote music for young instruments, both spiritually and svitsku. The deyaky create by Bach є with the remnants of the creations of their own composers, and the deyakis - with the remission of the versions of their creations. bach operniy music composer

2.1 Organ creativity

The organ of music in Nimechchin until the hour of Bach was already volodying by old traditions, as the leaders of Bach's successors - Pachelbel, Bem, Buxtehude, and the other composers, who in their own way infused into the new - were blended with them. Bach is familiar with each other in a personal way. Win pratsyuvav yak in traditional for that hour "vilny" genres, such as preludes, fantasy, tokata, pasakalia, and in more strict forms - choral preludes and fugues. In his creations for the organ, Bach was able to draw on the rice of the young musical styles, with the wines known by the stretching of life. The composer was infused with both the music of the North German composers (Georg Boehm, with Yakim Bach was created in Luneburz, and Dіtrikh Buxtehude in Lubeck), so the music of the new composers: pіznіshe win navіt reclaiming of the violin concertіv Vіvaldі for organ. Johann Sebastian didn’t just write a lot of pairs of preludes and fugues and tokata and fugues, but he didn’t finish the Organ book - a collection of 46 short technical demonstrators. the origin of creations at the choral ones. Writing from Weimar Bach becoming less writing for the organ; protest, written by Weimar bouly, written by bagato create(6 three-sonatas, collection of "Clavier-bung" and 18 Leipzyska chorales). All of Bach's life was not only putting music for the organ, but taking up consultations on the development of instruments, revising and adjusting new organs.

Bach also wrote a number of works for the harpsichord, many of which can be played on Klavikord. Bagato s tsikh creativity є encyclopedic books, showing the development of priyomi and methods of creating polyphonic creatures... Most of Bach's clavier creations, seen for his life, were martyred in the bookshops under the name "Clavirni to the Right." "Good tempering claviers" in two volumes, written in 1722 and 1744 rock, is a collection of 24 preludes and fugues in the skin volume, one tonality for the skin implanted. The whole cycle of music is even more important in connection with the transition to systems and tuning of instruments, but it is equally easy to allow music to be played in any tonality - the first for everything, up to the bitterly simple tempering of the tunes. in order to increase the number of signs in tonality. It was intended (and vikoristoyutsya dosi) for playing the game on the keyboard instruments. Three zbirki syuyt: English syuity, French syuity and Partita for clavier. Leather cycle of revenge of 6 suites, motivated by the standard scheme (Alemanda, kuranti, sarabanda, Zhiga, and a necessary part between the remains of the house). In the English suites the allemand is preceded by the prelude, and between the Sarabande and the lively presence there is only one part; French suites have a number of unnecessary parts to grow, and preludes to come. The syuïta has a standard scheme of expanding: krym vyshukanikh introductory parts, presence of additional parts, and not only to sarabanda and zhіga. Goldberg-variations (close to 1741) - a melody with 30 variations. The cycle can be completed in a foldable and unviable way. Variation awaits better on the tonal plane by those who are not on the melodies itself. Variety of p'usi on the chstalt "Overture in French style", BWV 831, "chromatic fantasy and fugue", BWV 903, or BW 97

2.2 Orchestrova and chamber music

Bach wrote music for both instruments and ensembles. Create Yogo for Solo Instruments - 6 sonatas and parts for solo violin, BWV 1001--1006, 6 suites for cello, BWV 1007-1012, and partita for solo flute, BWV 1013, - a lot of things that are very important to some of the composer's best works. Besides, Bach wrote a piece of works for lute solo. Writing vin also trio sonatis, sonatis for solo flute and violi da gamba, supervised by the bass general, and also a great number of canons and richercar, mostly without the need for tools for the performance. Naybіlsh significant butt of such creations - the cycle "Mystery of the Fugue" and "Musical Bringing". Bach wrote a work for the orchestra and solo with him and instruments. One of the most popular - "Brandenburg Concerts". The stench bully is so named, so Bach, who saw Margrave Christiyanov Ludwig of Brandenburg-Sweden in 1721, thinking to reject the robot at his court; The test was unsuccessful. A large number of concerts were written in the genre of concert groso. Bach's orchestral masterpieces include two violin concerts (BWV 1041 and 1042), a concert for 2 violins in D minor BWV 1043, so the title of "third" la-minor concert (for flute, violin, ) bass) BWV forty thousand and forty chotiri and concerts for keyboard and chamber orchestra: sym for one keyboard (BWV 1052-1058), three for two (BWV 1060-1062), two for three (BWV 1063 and 1064) and one - for minor BWV +1065 - for chotiroh harpsichords. At our hour of the concert with the orchestra, we often see the piano, which can be called Bach's piano concertos, but it’s not just forgotten, but for Bach’s hours there’s no piano. Krim concerts, Bach sklav 4 orchestral suites (BWV 1066-1069), acts of some parts of which are especially widely popular and may be popular in our hour, and the same: this is the name of "Bach's heat" - the rest of the chateau, badinerie of the other part of the third syuity - aria.

2.3 vocal create

· Cantati. By extending the entire period of his life, a generous Bach in the Church of St. Thomas Keruv in the cantati vikonannya, the theme of which was chosen by the Lutheran church calendar. I want Bach viconuvav and cantati of the first composers, in Leipzigu it is sklav yak minimum three new cycle of cantatas, one for the skin not for rock and for the skin of the church sacred. In addition, there is a sklav kilka cantatas in Weimar and Mühlhausen. On the whole, Bach wrote about 300 cantatas on spiritual themes, from which only 200 went to our days (the rest is at the viglyadi of one fragment). Bach's cantati is strongly developed for form and instrument. The acts of them were written for one voice, the acts - for the chorus; deyakі vimagayut for the performance of the great orchestra, and deyakі - all the number of instruments. However, the most often victorious model is the following: the cantata is seen as a choral opening, instead of reading recitative and arii for soloists or duets, and all the chorales end. As a recitative, you are encouraged to take the same words from the Bible, which can be read in the same language according to the Lutheran canons. The final chorale is often transferred to the choral prelude in one of the middle parts, as well as one time to enter the opening part at the cantus firmus. Nybilsh vidomimi from Bach's spiritual cantatas є “Christ lag in Todesbanden” (no. 4), “Ein“ feste Burg ”(no. 80),“ Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ”(no. 140) and“ Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben "(number 147). In addition, Bach sklav and deyaku a number of light cantatas, timed to any occasion, for example, before the week.

· Pasioni, or addictions. Addictions for John (+1724) and Passions for Matthew (bl. +1727) - create for the choir and orchestra on the Evangelical theme the citizens of Christ, designated for the Victory at the evening at the Strass on the feast day in the churches of St. Thomas and St. Pasioni is one of the largest-scale vocal works of Bach. Seemingly, Bach wrote 4 or 5 Passions, ale only and two more went to our days.

· Oratorios and magnifics. Naybilsh vіdoma Rizdvyana oratorіya (+1734) - a cycle of 6 cantatas for an hour to celebrate the period of literary rock. Easter Oratorio (1734-1736) and magnifikat are sooner great and efficiently used cantati and may be smaller range, below the Rizdvyana oratoria or pasioni.

· Mesi. Naybіlsh vіdoma and significant mesa of Bach - mesa sі minor (finished in 1749), which is a new cycle of ordinary. At tsyu mesa, as in the richness of the composer's creations, early create... Mesa nikoli did not go back to the life of Bach - for the first time it became only in the 19th century. Moreover, the music was not recognized for the recognition through the inconsistency of the Lutheran canon (only Kirin and Gloria were included in the new one), and also because of the triviality of sounding (close to 2 years). Aside from this minor, 4 short two-part Bach meshes (Kirin and Gloria) have gone to us, as well as some parts like Sanctus and Kyrie. rashta vocal create Bach includes close to 180 chorales, songs and arii.

3. Share of Bach music

In the last rock of life and after the death of Bach, the popularity of the composer began to change: his style was respected as an old-fashioned one in a casual classics. They knew him more and were remembered as a viconavts, teacher and father of the Bachs-the young, in the first place of Karl Philip Emmanuil, the music of which Bolsh was in the house. However, many great composers, such as Mozart and Beethoven, knew and loved the work of Johann Sebastian. In Russia, the 19th century has passed since the famous and victorious music of Bach is especially seen by Fild's student Maria Shimanovskaya and Oleksandr Griboedov. For example, when the school of St. Thomas Mozart was opened, I felt one of the motets (BWV 225) and viguknuv: "Here, who will you?" - for whom, having asked for notes, vivchav was buried. Beethoven did the same for Bach's music. The children of wine have gravure preludes and fugues from "Good tempered clavier", and later they called Bach "the true father of harmony" and said, "Strumok, but Sea yomu im'ya."

Johann Sebastian's creation was infused with composers. Acts of those from Bach's works, for example, the theme of tokachi and fugues in rem minor, boules of bagatorazovo vikoristani in 20th century music. The biography, written in 1802 by Iohann Nikolaus Forkel, has attracted the interest of a wide public before this music. All more people saw the music for themselves. For example, Goethe, to finish off the goodness of his life by learning from his creators (in 1814 and 1815 rock in the place of Bad Berk there were boules of viconies of deyaki and choirs of creation), in the leaves of 1827 in harmony from the times of music by itself. " Allegedly, the revival of Bach's music began with the Victory of the Passion for Matthew in 1829 in Berlin, organized by Felix Mendelssohn.

Hegel, who introduced the concert, calling Bach "a great, eager Protestant, strong, so bimiti, erudovanny genієm, which only recently have known cinuvati in the new world". At the beginning of rock, Mendelssohn's robot continued to popularize Bach's music and grow in popularity of the composer. In 1850, the Bulo was based on the Bakhov's suspension, marked by the Boule of Zbir, the vivchennya and the extended works of Bach. At the beginning of the century, the staff of the Bull carried out a symbolic work on the folding and publication of the body of the composer's creations. Interest in the music of Bach, giving rise to a new ruh of the middle viconians: a wider expansion of the idea of an authentic viconance.

Such vicarians, for example, play the harpsichord to replace the bitter piano and good size, now it was taken in the XIX and the ear of the XX century, but in the accuracy of creating the music of the bakery. The deyak composers took advantage of their povaga Bach, including in those of their creations the motive BACH (si-flat - la - do - si in Latin notation).

For example, Liszt wrote a prelude and fugue on the BACH theme, and Schumann wrote 6 fugues on the same topic. Among the works of contemporary composers on the theme can be called "Variation on the theme of BACH" by Roman Ledenov. The theme was victorious and Bach himself, for example, in the XIV counterpoint from "The Mystery of the Fugue". Bagato composers took the butt of his works, or vikoristovuvali those of them.

Attachments є variations on the theme of Beethoven's Diabella, the prototype of such є "Goldberg variations", 24 preludes and fugues of Shostakovich, written for the enemies like "Good Tempered Clavier," fugue ". Choral prelude "Ich ruf" zu Dir, Herr Jesu Christ "(BWV 177) by Viconne Garri Grodberg to sound in the film" Solaris "(1972). ten of the greatest composers in all hours and nations (New York Times).

visnovok

The creativity of Bach celebrated a strong inflow into the music of the coming composers, including in the XXI century. Without overshooting, Bach opened the foundations of all the music of the New and New Hour - the history of music is grounded to last on pre-Bach and post-Bach. Johann Sebastian Bach chastised a dozen of the greatest composers in recent times and nations. Free books have been written about Bach, his life and creativity. Yogo music was not properly assessed by the participants. For life, I am famous for my head rank, I play on organs. About the Bach organist, they spoke about a miracle, and they dedicated them to:

It seems that if Orpheus chipped the strings of his lute

On the sounds of її zbіgalisya from the forest of zvіrі.

Ale the mystery of Bach rightfully vvazhayut vishche,

That is why the whole world marveled at you.

The visitor would like to be sure that the meta and the work of my robot viconany. I learned in detail the work of the wonderful composer Johann Sebastian Bach, recognized his creative path, which became the creators of his death. I am even more satisfied with the result of my robot.

List of Victory Literature

1. Bach, Johann Sebastian. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron.

2. Answers about Johann Sebastian Bach. G. Skudina.

3. Music literature of foreign countries. V. Galatsky.

4.M.S. Druskin. Iogan Sebastian Bach. M .: Muzyka, 1982.

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Life and Creative Way of Bach. І. S. Bach - Life and Creative Way

CREATIVITY by Johann Sebastian BACH

It seems that if Orpheus chipped the strings of his lute

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