Peripheral organ damage to the voice. The development of triviality and stiffness of sounding the main tone of the voice. Rosen your voice. Classification of the voice. Comprehensive coverage of problems with a damaged voice

Central (psychogenic aphony or steric mutism)

Peripheral (phonastenia, hypotonic and hypertonic dysphonia or aphonia, pathological mutation)

Central (dysphonia and aphonia with dysarthria and anarthria)

Peripheral (dysphonia and aphony in case of laryngeal disease; rinophonia).

The central organ voice impairment is tied with parallels and paresis of the vocal cords, zooming in on the brain’s losses, or the brain, as it conducts the nerve paths. The central organ voice is disturbed by children with childish cerebral paralysis.

Causes of peripheral organ damage to the voice are caused by the development of illnesses or anatomical changes in the voice apparatus. Among them there are chronic laryngitis, diagnoses and trauma of the larynx, peripheral paresis and paralysis (with severe rotational nerve), "spinal vascular disease", puffiness (papilomatosis) of the larynx, stun repairs

In case of functional impairment of the voice, the function of the vocal apparatus will collapse with the presence of organ ears. Central functional impairment of the voice (psychogenic aphony) є the familiar state of the psycho-traumatic situation. Most often, women who are sick to neurotic reactions.

Prior to hypotonic dysphonia and aphonia, it is most often to produce bilateral myopathic paresis (paresis of the internal laryngeal mucosa), GDVI vocalizations, diphtheria, influenza, and a strong voice. The development of hypertonic (spastic) dysphonia and aphonia, as a rule, is tied with an overwhelming voice.

Loss of voice in chronic laryngitis, amputation of the nervous system of the larynx and lack of vocal folds. The defect in the voice swings at the expense of normal sounding, strong stamina, inodi - the unhappiness of the vocalization of the voice. Characteristic inappropriate sub'activities in the throat - crumbling, perspiration, rawness, feeling of "breasts", bile, vice.

In case of peripheral parallels and paresis of the larynx, the voice may be out-of-the-box, or even hoarse. The loss of the voice is supervised by a strong voice, a reflex cough, dyspnea, anxiety. Discoordination of phonation and behavior is a sign of accelerating defect.

The broken voice, tied with good and evil puffs, the larynx develops in a deed, in the world of growing up. If you want to, to bring a merciful operative engagement to the larynx, the last voices are ruined. When the larynx of people is visible, voices increase; at the same time, the function of dichotomy will be severely impaired, and there will be a drop in the growth of the trachea and pharynx.

With central paresis and parallels of the larynx, which are spontaneous in case of dysarthria and anarthria, the voice becomes weak, quiet, urivial, deaf, monotonous, nervously - with a nasal appearance.

Organizational deterioration of the voice free development, Overcoming the accumulation of vocabulary and the development of grammatical structures, broken sounds, difficult communication and social contacts. The ruined voice, which has grown into a grown-up vice, can make the professional unreliable.

Being peripheral to the functional impairment of the voice, the background is the professional "impairment" of the particular voice-speech professions. Prior to the manifestation of the background, the unhappiness is perceived to be rather to regulate the sounding voice, (be more light-hearted), perepryvannya (osіchki) і fastness to the voice, hoarseness. At the stately period of fonasthenia, the voice can be lost. Most of the backgrounds do not require any treatment; the voice is updated independently from the period of the update.

With hypotonic dysphonia, as a result of paresis of the internal muses of the larynx, non-mucus of the vocal folds develop, which manifests itself in hoarseness of the voice, we voice our voices, pains in the muscles of the tongue and muscles; at important vipadkah you can only whisper mova. With hypertonic dysphonia, surrounded by a subtle spasm of the laryngeal mucus, the voice becomes deaf, rude; with aphonia - not a vinikak zovsim.

Pathological mutation can rotate in the preservation of the high sounding voice of the end of the pubertal period, the unstable voice (cherguvanny low and high tones), the low sounding sound, etc.

The functional impairment of the voice of the central character (isterichny mutism, psychogenic aphony) is characterized by a simultaneous second voice, uncomfortable whispering, altogether saving a sonorous laugh and a cough. It is important to differentiate between different forms of vocal folds. The overcoming of psychogenic impairment of the voice is trivial, it is possible to recur repeatedly and to renew the voice.

In the diagnosis of puffy patches, there is an indispensable X-ray and CT scan of the larynx. Electromyography is carried out to deny information about the functions of the larynx muses. For the help of electroglottography, assess the changes of the voice device in the dynamism.

Speech therapy routine includes an assessment of the anamnesis, skarg, peculiarities of the voice, the nature of the voice-assured and voice attacks, physiological and phonation dichotomy, tempo-rhythmic and intonic characteristics of the movement; viznachennya hour of maximum frequency.

The change of the mobile robot in case of destructive voice problems is due to the reasons and the nature of the breakdown of the phonation. So, in case of functional impairments, the voice of the uttermost meaning is sup- posed to be gallant, massage of the anterior surface, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, attention to the voice mode. In case of organ damage to the voice, oral and muscle medication therapy (endolaryngeal administration of drugs, ingestion) is carried out, after the indications - surgical treatment of ENT pathology, voices of overwhelming folds

The functionalities are tied with time-clock changes in the larynx, which in the process takes a normal sound of the voice.

In case of organ damage, there are stiff changes in the larynx, the vocal folds and the trumpet. In the process of taking a speech therapist to give an idea of the communicative function of the voice, ale the brightness of the voice (strength, height, timbre) is often adopted according to the norms.

functional breakdown

In children, we will broaden the damage є this is the name of the spastic dysphonia, which is caused by overexertion of the voice. The ear of development of dysphonia is promoted approximately in the 5th year, and the highest frequency is indicated in children from 8 to 10 years. Dysphonia is more common among children with an active activeness, to love to speak in a voice, to shout. Call the child with dysphonia the voice is loud and clear and clean, and until evening, the step-by-step growth of hoarseness.

As a rule, the order of overexertion of the voice when crying in children is susceptible to chronic tonsillitis, adenoids, laryngitis. Rapt deterioration of the voice can manifest itself in the child on the aphids of an allergic ailment. The diagnosis of dysphonia can also be caused by non-hygienic minds - drank, dim, noise at the side, etc.

ORGANIC DESTRUCTION

Athos and dysphonia are brought up to the central parts of the city, as they are encouraged by children, who suffer disarray (wine: Div. Ch.

To peripheral porosity, the voice is brought up through pathological changes in the larynx. The reason to serve laryngitis, diagnoses, injuries, puffiness, paresis of my weak children, mіzhgіr'ya children (wine: Div. Ch. IV of the tsіe obsibnik.), Scar stenosis (stenosis)

At the connection with the anatomical changes in the larynx and the vocal folds, the appearance of aphonia and dysphonia of organic walking. With aphonia, the child speaks only poses, the sound does not appear to the voice when coughing. In case of dysphonia, the voice is monotonous, hoarse, deaf, often nasal vidtіnkom, bistroіssayuschіy.

Guardian and mobile development. The accumulation of vocabulary, the development of the grammatical fret Movi, Soundimov will be ignored.

Characteristics are also somatic and psychic asthenizatsiya (weakness), emotional problems, impaired self-regulation.

To peripheral lesions, one can recognize and change the voice in weak-sighted and deaf children. In cich vipadkah, the pitch, the strength and the timbre of the voice change through the visibility, or a decrease in the acoustic control over the rinsing.

Organizational and functional aphonia and dysphonia are developed for reasons, such as the laryngoscopic picture of the larynx and the level of voice improvement.

Hypotonic dysphonia.

Amused by a decrease in g / s tone. Reasons: constantly overworked g / a, postponed state of ill health of the upper dichally nobles. It is the weakness of the muses є inherently. The last hour of the flash is not equal to the decrease of the g / s. Most of the voice box is in the shape of an oval (in the norm - a one-sided tricycle).

Hypertensive dysphonia.

Often children are diagnosed with peripheral functional impairment of the voice - hyperkinematic dysphonia - disharmony in the voice, as a result of his overstraining (a loud cry, sleep, hearing sound of new sounds), incorrect M. Zeman protest, meaning that hypercritical dysphonias are caused only by “ado "Fired") і ін.). It is inevitable to produce a nose dichotomous before eating the abusive, uncleaning of the mouth into the oropharynx and larynx, leading to the burning of the vocal folds. Rapt disagreement to the voice and dikhannya appear in some children who are sick to allergy. Usunennya of the friend normalizes the voice and dichannya. The main reasons for hyperkinetic dysphonia are negative minds:

Ø drank, dim, volume;

Ø overwhelmingly guchna mova in a childish collective, in noisy surroundings;

Ø zapalyuvannya dikhal nobles, zahvoryuvannya to organism.

When there is an hour-long lykuvannya, dysphonia has a chronic character and goes over into hoarseness. When looking at the larynx, it is indicated that the larynx is hyperfunctional for the hour of the flash - the entrance to the larynx sounds, the epiglottis pulls back, you DO NOT see the folds, the larynx goes up the hill. The folds of the voices are quickly stuck one by one, as a result there is a hyperemia (background) and a small amount of swelling on the edge.

For both described forms of dysphonia, non-severity of pathological changes in the larynx and belly are characteristic when the phonation of a loud voice on a cough is heard (in response to organ aphonia).

Zmishana hypo- hypertonic dysphonia. It is characterized by a decrease in the tone of g / s, an increase in the tone of the grave folds. Most often, the form is meant to indicate a state of the art laryngitis, tracheitis, if the folds are pardonable, they are included in the mechanism of voice-assurance in a compensatory manner. When you look around - the folds are increased in size, in the same time, one by one, the voices change.

For the prevention of functional problems after the start of preventive maintenance visits:

Ø do not shout (especially in dim, on the air, on the wind, in the cold), do not vocalize;

Ø from time to time they look around at the lore, often get tonsillitis and adenoids;

Ø do not sinister with a dull choir.

Pathological mutation.

To the functional impairment of the voice, carry out pathological mutation in the voice. Dane vozlad can be classified as prikordonne between organic and functional damages. Mutation is a physiological change to the voice before the hour goes to adulthood, which is accompanied by a number of pathological manifestations in the voice and voice apparatus. For most young people, the whole process is uncomfortable.

The mutation is tied to the shimmering growths of the larynx. The g / s for the boys podvzhuyutsya by 6-10 mm, so by 2/3 of the increase. With laryngoscopy, hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the larynx appears, and the visibility of the vocal slit appears. In girls with g / s, only 3-5 mm are added.

The essence of the mutation of the polarity is that the growth of the surrounding parts of the vocal apparatus of the podletka is disharmonious. For example, the g / s grows into a full amount, and the width of it becomes invisible, the resonator emptying appears from the growing larynx, and the epiglottis often becomes childish in the young man. As a result, coordination in the mental robotics and larynx will break down. Everything should be done to the point where the lads' voice is visible, hard, low, rude; Sponsor diplophonia (bitonal), so that it can be seen in high and low tones, as they give one of one one per whole octave, with a whole lot of information, and hybn. In girls, the timbre, strength and character of the voice can change, but without sharp changes. The snake rolls around in a swift voice, the range of great snakes, becomes strong.

Normally, mutation can be found in decilkoh forms. Often it is indicated that there is a slight hoarseness and a slight stamina in the voice. In the last drop of the lads, for an hour, promote the voice, the voice starts to appear, the low notes of the bass timbre appear. Also, "ziskakuvannyu" sounds from a sprinkling of wine often, while everything is growing, as a result, the childish timbre is replaced by the cholovich. Inodi thin, floppy voice of a raptor took on a hardened character, there was hoarseness right up to aphony, if a cholovy timbre was established.

Overcoming mutations can speed up:

v underestimated state of the sphere;

v gostry abo chronic laryngitis;

v rіznі infectious diseases;

Pathological mutation is manifested in a long way to trim in falsetto, or in trivial mutations (a voice stretching out a few rocky sounds childish, or a falsetto sounding to break through on the smallest cholovy sounding). The lads innocent develop an early mutation, if the voice is always rude. The reason is the early state of maturity and overexertion of the voice apparatus. In children, the brain is spared to twisted mutations, if the voice significantly decreases, to amuse its own melody and musicality. Such mutations are often seen in cases of damage to the functions of the thyroid gland, supranirkovy glands. Decreased adrenaline in the blood of wikikak voices: decrease the tone of the laryngeal mucus, g / s converge in general, as a result, the voice is seen and quickly tired.

Trivial change of functional problems for an hour to bring up to a stable breakdown of the voice, appear atrophic changes in the larynx and overgrowth of functional breakdowns in the organ.

Laryngeal papilomatosis.

V childish often a good new larynx is created - papilomas, which represent a warty part of a chubby of an obscure etiology. The stench is found most often on the true abo pomilkovy g / s. At the same time, it is evident that the hoarseness progresses, as it reached the aphony, in the world of growth and the growth of the number of papillae, it means the deterioration of the spirit. The surgical method often leads to cicatricial stenosis of the larynx - a significant change in the abnormal closeness of the larynx. Numerical operations from being seen permanently are papil, scar, illusion of laryngotracheotomy (dyrochka in shia, through yaku ditin can dichati) to produce up to the wrinkle of the larynx, intermingling of the lumpiness of the g / s, finesse Yak inheritance, vinikє gross dysphonia abo aphony.

In most cases of g / s, the building will freeze, depriving some of the stench of being permanently in the closed camp and looking unruly. When the character of the stink is determined, the stink is nervous in amplitude (the strength of the voice is the amplitude of the stab, the strength of the voice will also change, if it is hoarse) and in frequency (the pitch of the voice is the frequency of the stink, even if it is a low, then a high voice). The amplitude is often lower, and the ruins themselves are weakened.

The order of diffuse forms of laryngitis is developed locally, until the eighth day and the marginal and one-sided Chordi are fired with one g / s. Krajoviy Khordi is clinically manifested by the roughness and the background of the main edge of the r / s. As a rule, the g / s does not go around the background, it’s in a closed-loop camp. Amplitude of kolivan at a time change.

With a trivial functional breakdown, there are organ changes in the larynx - to vandalize and swell slime, vuzliks appear in the middle of the g / s (so called vuzliki screamers). The factor before the appearance of the higher education institutions is the hypotonia of the muses in the voice apparatus, the transfer of infections, the operation of the nose and throat. Only those universities have appeared under the pre-trivial regime of movement to learn, old-fashioned to glimpse a therapeutic or surgical path in the same way with a phoniatric right. In high schools, phonation dichanna becomes superficial, weak, stressful. Universities are more likely to be sponsored by boys. The number of phonies is often saved and equal. With polyg / s, the picture is more important. Above, the g / s doesn’t get lost, or the number of times is asynchronous, weakened, and it’s in general communication.

Paresis and parallel larynx.

Winning, for example, when the operative engagement, if a bloody nerve gets sore, is an nerve g / s. The visibility of the background is to produce rucks on the sides and on the sides - before the hour is going on. In case of paresis, weakening is indicated, mlyavi g / s with a small amplitude and changes in the mucous membrane. When paralleling, the call is at the background of the day. In case of paresis and parallel voice, it is absent, or hoarseness, more pounding when moving, choking, coughing, difficulty breathing.

Robot over sounds.

Otzhe, the voice of the screams, the sound through the mouth and through the nis is renewed, the sounds have appeared, but the demand has appeared correctly. Naturally, a speech therapist is responsible for the production of sounds in a rinolalik, a dysarthric or a child who was operated on for a papillomatosis drive or a stenosis of the larynx. At least 2-3 jobs per day are simply necessary! At home, you need to consolidate the results. And so - with a stretch of decilkoh rock. So, so, rock_v. With the help of diagnoses, the process of rehabilitation is delayed on rock. To help the daddies on our website, they have distributed: “ Setting and automation of sounds "," Vidi movnyh porushen», « complex robot over the wash ».

Fonasthenia is a deterioration of the voice in the row of vipadkiv, especially at the cob stages, but not supervised by visible active changes in the voice apparatus. Dane, we have a professional character and develop among individuals of voice-speech professions. The background appears in the ruined coordination of the dichotomy and the sound, the ill-humor in the voice - soften and soften the sound, in the appearance of detonation and a number of sub-active responses. Gostri form can be supravodzhuvatisya with aphonia.

Literature has no single point of view on the reason for the diagnosis of fonasthenia. Some precursors cause mental trauma and emotional overturning. Інші to bach the reason in nedotrimanny guard voice mode when fired up boggling of the upper dichally nobles.

A. Mitronovych-Modzheevska to trace the background to the collapse of neuroses and to the incidence of co-ordinated collapse. Analogous damage, which is caused by overworking and in the voice apparatus, won’t qualify as a false background and clearly intermittently. The survivors of such a podilu did not catch up.

Hypotonic dysphonia (Athos) is pummeled, as a rule, bilateral myopathic paresis, that is, paresis of the internal muses of the larynx. Stinks are detected in case of deyakkim infections (GDVI, flu, diphtheria), as well as with a strong overexerted voice. The sound is on guard, and the voices of the folds sound. With the functional collapse of the internal muses of the larynx, one earns one muff, often one pair of muffs (some of them may be more stinky guys). With hypotonic voices, the folds at the moment of flickering do not wobble, between them there is a grain, the form of which lies in the form of a pair of muzzles of a stranger (Fig.). Pathology of the voice can be manifested in the form of easy hoarseness to aphony of vocal manifestations, tension and pain in the muscles of the tongue, pressure and chest wall.

Paresis of the thyroid cranial ointment (a);

paresis of the transverse cranial mucosa (b);

combinations of thyroid cranial paresis

and transverse connection (in)

Hypertonic (spastic) impairment of the voice is tied with an increase in the tone of the laryngeal mucosa due to an increase in the tonic spasm at the moment of firing. The reasons for these accusations are not in vivce, but spastic dysphonia and aphonias develop in individuals who force their voices.

Hypertonicity can cover the voices and vestibular folds. When the sound is heard, the voice is not victorious, but there is a loud voice, a dull sound. In some cases, the visibility of the vocal folds (hypotonus) from the tension of the vestibular muscles (hypertonicity) is observed. When making statements, a specific rough, monotonous sound is called false-folding.

To update the normal function of the voice device in case of fonnesthenia, it is necessary to persist for all the reasons for the diagnosis. It has evolved as a result of the continuous forcing of the voice, it is necessary to intervene and order, and also to unite the psycho-traumatic situations, as there may be negative influences on the nervous system. Podvizhennyu phonation vidih, znhozhennyu dichnoy support come postyna respect for phonopedic employment.

Oscillations of obvious hoarseness in case of fonasthenia do not try to slow down, then the functional training is produced before the voice is set, it is known to be handy, comfortable with the minimum options for the voice device. The correct individual for the skin position of phonation is easy to accept with a trivial sound m. Individuals with disgusting musical hearing can be recommended koristuvatisya tuning fork. For the whole tuning fork, how to sound like a voice, apply to the moment, and the voice like bi grows to the sound. Significantly lays down the knowledge and consolidation of the correct kinaesthesia of voice leading. Subal phonopedic ones have the right not to be difficult and carried out in an extremely orderly manner.

In the renewed voice in case of hypotension of hypertonic destructions in the first place, it is necessary to correct the dichotomy, the establishment of dichotomous support. The main task speech therapy robots Polyaga in activating the vocal apparatus in case of hypotensive disruptions and renewed coordination, knowledge of convalescence in case of hypertonicity. When staging a diaphragmatic dichotomy, with hypotonic dislocations, the voices can be held to the right of the complex B, activate the inner muzzles of the larynx, and then go to the voices to the right in an extravagant sense. Voices have the right to be played on a solid attack sound, then transferred to a soft attack.

In case of hypertonic destructions, a chance to attack the sound is triggered. Vaughn dopomagє to weaken the tone. With the help of a meta vikonuyut dikhalnі right to the complex A s voiced.

Pochatkov's position - sitting on the stilettos.

1. inhale through nis, see through nis, imitats_ya stack;

2. inhale through nis, see through the mouth with the sound a;

3. inhale through the mouth, see through nіs, іmіtatsіya stogonu;

4.vidh through nis, podovzheniya vidih through nis, imitatsiya stogonu
from the facilities in the kintz;

5. inhale through n_s, see through the insanely gripping lips and voices of the two-lipped, slightly numb sound in;

6. inhale through nіs, see through nіs poshtovkami, іmіtatsіya of a perverted haystack.

In parallel with the right side, a massage of the front surface of the shoulder is carried out for the reduction of the pressure of the mucus. Such trenuvannya gotuvannya voices apparatus to the phonation, and thundering of a sonorous sonata sonata m to reach in the studies of the given group it is easy to reach it with aphony. In order to establish a clear povnotsіnnogo "mukannya" for now phonopedic right it is difficult not to wick. Vinatok to become individuals with poorly disturbed voice, with strong clues of pathological voice assurance. In such cases, the dermal functional trend, the dermal to the right, the increase is more trivial.

Writing a deliberately thoughtful psychotherapeutic training, energetically start to cry out to a loud voice. The nicest voice appears from the cough delivery and the introduction of the yogo in the warehouse ka, ko, ku, ki, ke; potim yak, cook, cook, cik, cake. Abo see "dzizhchannya" from warehouses zhu, zhu, zhu, zhi,

To consolidate the discarded voice in the fake one is carried out voices are right... If the voice is damaged in the complex of the most important new techniques, the technical problems become stagnant on some stages - add "I-2-M", "VIR-4", "AIP-2", Strakhov's hearing. For help, the cich has adjusted the control over the timbre and the strength of the voice.

Behind the step of breaking up the phonation, one can see dysphonia (a part of the breakdown of strength, strength and timbre of the voice) and aphonia (visibility to the voice). In case of dysphonia, the voice becomes deaf, hoarse, hoarse, unmodulated, tremulous, bistro-unsettling, inodi - nasal. Aphonia is characterized by a more visible sound, voice and the ability to speak without a whisper.

For reasons and mechanisms of phonation ROSLADIV develop:

The voice function is not often damaged in children and grown-ups. Reasons for disloyalty to the voice is even worse than the developmental one: the larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, legends, bronchial and trachea, heart and heart - the judiciary system, failure to follow the rules of hygiene, voice, voice, and hearing

The significance of ethological factors is to produce organic and functional impairments to the voice; A cob symptom of organ damage can be less frequent laryngeal function disorder and mild hoarseness; From the side, trivial functional breakdown є by the cause of persistent organic changes in the larynx, and apparently trivial to the voice.

It is clever to differentiate between voice distribution on organic and functional breakdown, which is important for the choice of methods of phoniatric treatment and prediction of speech therapists. This is how the function of the larynx and the vocal folds are tied with the time-lapse changes in the function of the larynx, the vocal folds, so that as a result of speech therapy, it can take a lot of innovations to sound a normal voice. In case of organ breakdowns, the pathological anatomical changes in the larynx, the vocal folds, the supra-trumpet, can be renewed in the communicative function of the voice;

In the Danish hour, there is no single classificatory ruin in the voice. Іnuсhі classifications runtuyutsya on different principles and encourage:

1.The stage of the turn of the collapse. All ruined voices are divided into 2 great groups: Afonya and dysphonia. Aphonia is the main voice, dysphonia is the change to the timbre of sounding for the rakhunok additional sign of the dodatka. The Union of European Phonators proponed the folding of the classification of a broken voice: 0 points - the norm, 1 point - an easy step, 2 bali - peace, 3 bali - important dysphonia, 4 bali - Afonya, 5 points - the voice of larinhoctomy.

2.ethology principle : 1). Psychic factor, scho wiklikayut a broken voice (# psychogenic aphony). 2). Overexertion or overstraining of the voice (# hypotonic dysphonia or voslikov vocal folds). 3). Zapalny zhvoryuvannya (# riniti, pharyngiti). 4). The weakness of the vocal apparatus, constitutional singularity, is pronounced. 5). Injuries (#surgical, bumpy, paresis and parallel larynx, collapse of the slit-facial skeleton); injuries, tied with injuries in the cerebral cortex, leading to dysarthric and aphonic manifestations. 6). factor social center, Kolimova vinyk z nasliduvannya.

3.For the nature of the battle : 1). Loss of the vocal voice. 2). Damage to strength of sounding: weak voice (paresis, parallichі), hypotonic dysphonia, unstable sounding voice. 3). Damaged, tied with damages of resonance (rhinolalia, rinophonii). 4). Change to the timbre of the voice: steps of hoarseness, modulation of sounding, melody of sounding. 5). Features іntonuvannya.

4.Due to the nature of the defect : 1). Functional snaps (snakes that have a time-based nature). 2). Organ damage, tied with anatomical damage to organs or tissues.

Destruction of the voice. functional: 1. Hypotonic dysphonia (Hypofunctional and hypokinetic) - impairment of the voice, amoused by a decrease in the tone of the vocal folds. cause: Post-overexertion of the voice device; transferred earlier than the state of illusion of the upper dichal nobles; weakness of the laryngeal mucus; rіdko vrodzhene. localization: The voice folds may cause a low level of pressure, a little more blinking, the tone of the lowering, the tone of the lowering, for the hour of the sound, the voice width is 2-4 mm, and the weakening of the number of small or average amplitudes; In most cases, the synchronous nature of the yak is in frequency and in strength. acoustic signs: In the fallowness from the form and the size of the voice line, the timbre of the voice changes (with a high line, a high voice, with an oval - phonation with an aspirate, with a tricyte mucus - a voice that is abnormally chesty, a similar low

Hypotonic dysphonia becomes 85% of all functional disorders, 55% of children. It should be explained that at the early stages, the organism appears to be more responsive to increased activity, so that it is hyperfunctional.

2. Hypertensive dysphonia (Hyperfunctional and hyperkinematic) - impairment of the voice, wicclicks due to the muscular tone of the vocal folds. cause: Vikoristannya firm attack of the voice, forced force move and spivu, victoriannya overly loud voice. localization: After the hour of the voice, the folds quickly slip one by one, as a result of which there is little swelling in the region; voices folds of gain, persuasion, hypertrophy, vbrani, nabryakli, viglyadayut unruffled, being in a closed camp; Inodi unruffiness to go with short-hour chatting with little amplitude. acoustic signs: The voice is coarse, hoarse, harsh, sharp with a penetrating metal vidtink; sound stressed.

Hypertonic dysphonia has a preorganic stance, so as a change to the size of the folds, the activity of the pomoneous vocal folds, the pre-nodular stance, and possibly polyp.

3. Hypohypertensive dysphonia (Zmіshana). cause: Stimulation of painful laryngitis, tracheitis, papillomatosis, if vestibular folds are included in the process of firing, and voices practically do not function. localization: Characterized by a decrease in the tone of the vocal folds and increased activity of the vestibular folds; the vestibular folds increase in size, change, for the hour of the flash, one by one, adding voices. acoustic signs: The voice is coarse, viznazhutsya, low-tonal, unnatural.

4. Psychogenic Afonya . cause: stress stun, Perelyak, conflict, nerve shock, like a start-up mechanism, how to produce to the voice; psychogenic aphony - a cry for help. localization: The voice folds do not wobble during the phonation, the width of the oval shape is 4-6 mm, often with one-hour changes in the frequency and amplitude of the number of both voice folds, it is meant unilaterally nervously; voice shilina can not form a form; As a result of the alternate one-sided shortening of the amplitude of the collation of the vocal folds, the voice width can change from the side to the side of the middle line and explain the whispering. acoustic signs: Lyudin can only use posheps at any time crazy reflexes(Smіkh, Playa, cough).

Psychogenic Afonya is overwhelmed by some female stati, often relapsing.

5. background wall - Disorder to the voice, which is characterized by the deterioration of the coordination between the actions, the phonation, the articulation and the function of the resonator empties on the basis of neurotic schlichnosti. cause: To make a difference in the voice of professionals; incorrect positioning of the voice, forcing sp_v, stress, shifting the physiological capabilities of the vocal apparatus. localization: Loss of voice can manifest itself as a hypotonic voice, a hypertonic voice, or as a normal laryngoscopic picture. acoustic signs: The loss of any weakened vocal function, when there is a mechanical problem in the larynx; the head symptom is a sub-active scarg of a sick person on the appearance of a dull voice, a change in the timbre of a voice, a change in the timbre of a sound, a dryness and a perspiration in the throat, an obtrusive impression of a mouthful of "dumb"

To install this diagnosis, it is necessary to have a stroposcopic reading.

6. spastic dysphonia - derailment, overwhelmed by the discoordination of dikhannya, phonation and articulation. cause: Orlova vkazuє, which is a kind of neurodynamic disorder of the function, how to rotate in the overworldly intensive activity and discoordination of the new muses of the larynx, as well as the dysfunctional muses; The most common reason is mental trauma or stress. localization: Sweating of vestibular folds, collapse of which viperzhayut collapse of vocal folds, which convulsively wiggle on all sides of the flash; the loss of the dynamics and the decrease in the amplitude of the voice folds are observed. The stench is full of erysipelas, the stench of the expanded vessel net. acoustic signs: For an hour, make your voice change from monotonous phonation to sonorous one; the voice is interrupted spasmodically; most often before the hour smile or cry mova normalize; lagging for an hour to prevent ailments from being consumed for an hour; spіv is not difficult (nagadu zaykannya); spastic dysphonia is similar to impaired voice in case of dysarthria, rosy sclerosis.

The forecast of unfavorable conditions and only in terms of 6 months from the ear of the ear can be changed by a sonorous voice. Spastic dysphonia Perevazhaє in women in the period of climax, which is explained by the hormonal overdose organism. It is similar to zaykannya. Tse zhvoryuvannya to look cleverly as functional.

7. mutational dysphonia - cleverly functional impaired voice. Mutation - breaking (change) voice, tied to the burr-like growth of the larynx in puberty. It’s a physiological process, from which it is seen as cleverly functional. To correctly assess the voice impairment in the period of mutation, it is necessary to know the mechanism of mutation and psychological features podlitka. With a normal overload, mutations are found in 13-15 years. In the past centuries, the process of acceleration was observed, so the mutation began significantly less. Per hour mutations are seen 3 periods: 1) pre-mutation; 2) mutation; 3) post-mutation. The first period is characterized by a decrease in the range of sounding, an increase in the stomping of the voice, a slight hoarseness. Sp_vayuchі pіdlіtki often mean folding in singing high notes. Another period is characterized by burr-like growth of the larynx. The voice folds podovzhuyutsya in the middle by 6-8 mm in females, 10-13 mm in lads. The cartilage of the larynx grows, the Adam's apple is formed. The voice folds are hypertrophied, swollen. In case of microbiality, it is a mutated trikutnik (mutation). It is not often on the voices folds to accumulate licky breasts, but to wick at a feeling of obtrusive vidkashlyuvannya. The voice changes from high to low for the rakhunok sound of sounds (from falsetto to bass), from the bottom of the toes in the larynx. The second factor, which is infused into the timbre of the barrage, is the position of the larynx. Before the hour of mutation, you descend to the level of 6-7 ridges. The third period is the period for which the voice is formed. Tighten for 2-2.5 months. Mutations in females are opposite to mensch. As a result, in the endocrine system of girls, their voice can significantly decrease, and the timbre can be more cholovic. In the whole period, it is not safe to accept anti-winter conditions.

Incomplete (incomplete) mutation- in case of a hopeful, low abnormally trivial mutational process. Triva mutation (roll over)- three-by-four with a stretch of 3-7 rock Voice - falsetto sounding with a small step of hoarseness. second mutation- mutation changes, as soon as 20 rockies came to an end, since the change to the voice is already over.

Дівchatka! I didn’t write the organisation’s ruin from my lectures, so I ask you to vibrate for me in advance. may pardon in terms and ends.

Destruction of the voice. Organizational group: I group - Flaring up the peripheral lanka of the speech analyzer: 1. Riniti, sinusitis. reasons: have a cold - allergic character. localization: fired mucous membrane. Acoustic signs: change mind and resonance, meaning change the quality of the voice (deaf, nasal vidtinok); for a rakhunok ruinous dikhannya changes vitrivalism, the voice grows stronger.

2. Faringity. reasons: chills; may be tied to the lowering of the immune function of the dysplasia, the wrong technique of inhalation, as a result of which the instinct of the organism grows up to the ages of infectious diseases; you can give an acceleration to the heart system, or go to the underlying viddili. localization: the fiery pharynx is manifested by fiery visions in the back stage (persistent, burning), it can be more pronounced (when it is blown, seeing the side in the throat); posterior stinka of the pharynx - yaskrava hyperemia; You can try to spice up the fluffy education, reminiscent of the gnarly vmist. Acoustic signs: the voice is weak, vycherputsya, hoarse; mova wiklikaє ailing vidchuttya.

Pharyngitis is susceptible to 100% of individuals, who have suffered significant migdalin and 95% of the entire population.

3. Laringit (gostry i chronic) . reasons: respiratory infections of the dyshally nobles, which are supervised by rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis; may be a bit of a flu or bacterial infection. localization: characterized by a sharp increase in salivation, a lot of voice folds; secretory vision is seen on the vocal folds through the unwillingness of evacuation, then clots and corks are established, so that the normal function of the vocal folds becomes more difficult, and complicates the phonation process; The folds of the voices can be made to shrink in size, so that people can shrink. Chronic laryngitis is usually intermittent, it can manifest itself as atrophic laryngitis, as hypertrophic laryngitis, as specific laryngitis. Acoustic signs: barking cough, manifest in the area of the larynx; the voice is deaf, not melodious with a small number of additional signs.

Destruction of voices and distribute to central and peripheral, Skin of them can be organic and functional... More damage is manifested as self-reliance, the reasons for their accusations, illnesses and changes in the voice apparatus. There is a stench of supra-juvati and more important breakdowns that are part of the structure of the defect in aphasia, dysarthria, rhinolalia, and malady.

The mechanism of the voice breaks down due to the nature of the change in the nervous system of the larynx, the perspiration for all the collapse and tone of the vocal folds, which manifests itself in vigilantes for hypo- or hypertonicity, which grows later.

1... Organizational damage to the voice... Pathology to the voice, which is caused by anatomical changes or chronic ignition processes of the voice apparatus, is impacted by the organ. To peripheral organ damage, dysphonia and aphonia can be seen in chronic laryngitis, paresis and parallel larynx, and when there is visible puffiness. A step to a voice defect does not lie in the form of illness, but because of its gravity. So, if there is a significant illness, the order with aphonia can be reduced to a slight change to the timbre (the vignette is to make the larynx visible, as if to lead to aphony).

Chronic laryngitis Velmi riznomanitnі. It is manifested in the characteristic changes of the mucous membrane of the larynx, and in the small and in the worried nervous-muscular apparatus. There is a lack of vocal folds until a permanent voice defect and supervised sub-active unacceptable sensations in the throat and larynx. The voice is drawn into a normal sounding, there is a strong stampede to the point of reluctance to vikonuvati to the voice over. The impairment of the voice, amulet with peripheral paresis and paralysis of the larynx, is diagnosed with traumatization, either to an infectious lesion of the lower laryngeal or rotational nerve. Bigger extensions є unilateral damage). The position of the vocal fold on the lesion side can be middle (medial), lateral (lateral) and middle between values (intermedial). With a lateral position of greater bends, a defect in the voice, with a medial position - a dichotomy. The rupture of the laryngeal function of the larynx leads to neurogenic paresis of the internal mutilations on the sides, which are seen as organic in this type. The voice of the day was abnormally hoarse, skargi on strong stooling when moving, choking, reflex cough, difficulty in dying. The insistence of discoordination of reflex mechanisms of emotion and voice. In the face of a rude defect in a voice with a disagreement, it is especially important to rob the defect.

Central paresis and parallel larynx lie in the presence of measles in the brain, pons, large brain, wards. Children have a stench when they have childish cerebral palsy.

Often the reason for the organic damage to the voice is the chubby and I will become visible. Good chicks are teased by children and older ones more often than evil ones. Voice pathology in the localization of swelling on the vocal folds develops step by step in the world of growth. Many papilomas are often spared in children, the stench can widen throughout the larynx and relapse when seen. Great papillomatosis and cicatricial changes due to bagatorazovyh operations reduce the importance of impaired mental health and voice. Ethiology and pathogenesis of this disease until the present hour is not open. Early papillomatosis due to impaired dichotomous and vocal functions can be negatively infused into the formation of all promises and specialties of the child. The lack of a vocal apparatus is due to the most sparing vivid chubby. Outside the visible larynx from the drive of the evil chubby, it will relieve the voice of the person and will rapidly ruin the function of the dichotomy, so as the trachea rises behind the throat.

Damage to the voice, as a rule, is not injected into the shape of the new system. It is especially important that early pathology is negatively associated with the development of movi. Bagatorazovy operations, the destruction of the movement through the natural paths when the voice is visible, the somatic weakness of the child is wicked and may become the reason for the attention psycho developmentі movi, vіdhilen in the social-volitional sphere. Children see their disability, become withdrawn, nervous, moody, and forcefully come into contact. The stench is difficult to describe with the correct sound pronunciation, the vocabulary is common, which is infused into the success of the school. In most light cases, the child's voice will be damaged before it starts. Deyakі from them critically grasp the defect, pragnit until yogo usunennya. Іnshi cannot smell it, zalishayutsya baiduzhi to a voice.

It is very important to experience a broken voice as a defect. You can see a number of reasons why you can begin to experience the state of mind. One of them is special features. In individuals with a labial nervous system, there are more mood adjustments, not being able to tolerate a defect. Another reason є wrong assessment, my own will. Bagato hto vvazhaє, which is a parallel and a legacy of the chucks that are not escaped. The third psycho-traumatic cause of the tumult is the triviality of the voice and the lack of effective treatment. Nareshty, one of the main reasons is the role of the voice in labor activity... The triviality of a broken voice creates a threat to professional unreliability, as in case of deceitfulness and asthenization factors, it can lead to the development of a neurotic camp. There is a fear of public whistles, zagalny stompluvanism, inability to sing, triviality, sleeplessness, moodiness.

Hypotonic dysphonia (Athos) pummeled, paresis internal mucous in the larynx. Stinks are detected in case of deyakkim infections (GDVI, flu, diphtheria), as well as with a strong overexerted voice. The sound is on guard, and the voices of the folds sound. In case of functional breakdowns of the internal muzzles of the larynx, it will take one mujaz, often one pair of mujaz (oskilki more than all the stinks of the guys). With hypotonic voices, the folds at the moment of flickering do not wobble, between them there is a gap, the form of which lies in the form of a couple of muses of the awful. Pathology of the voice can be manifested in the form of easy hoarseness to aphony of vocal manifestations, tension and pain in the muscles of the tongue, pressure and chest wall.

Hypertonicity (spastic) ruined voice tied to adjust the tone of the laryngeal mucous membranes. tonic spasm at the moment of flash. The reasons for these accusations are not in vivce, but spastic dysphonia and aphonias develop in individuals who force their voices. Hypertonicity can cover the voices and vestibular folds. When the sound is heard, the voice is not victorious, but there is a loud voice, a dull sound. In some cases, the visibility of the vocal folds (hypotonus) from the tension of the vestibular muscles (hypertonicity) is observed. Statements with a specific rough, monotonous sound are called false folding. Re-engaging the voice device in case of non-tampering of the protection mode during the mutation period can lead to the deterioration of the function of the internal laryngeal larynx in the patient's hypertonicity.

Rinophonii and rhinolalia stand apart from the middle of the voices, as well as the pathophysiological mechanism of the field in the wrong function of the weak child of the organic abo functional nature. When the rhinophone noses are closed, they swell up the oral resonance, the voices take in the sonority, the timbre becomes unnatural. As a result of rinophonization, it manifests itself in pathological nasalization of all oral sounds, the voice is weak, pressures. Defects the voice of the broken resonance of the sound, which is functionally linked to the inner laryngeal tunnels and into the symmetry and tone of the vocal folds. For tribute to I. І. Єrmakovoi (1984), rhinolalia in 70-80% is superfluous fonasthenia and hypotonic dysphonia.

To functional impairments, the voice of the central voice is perceived as functional, abo psychogenic aphony. Winning rapt's reaction to a psycho-traumatic situation in people who are sick to the point of steric reactions, often among girls and women. When the visibility rises, the voice picks up a sonorous cough and laugh, and an important diagnostic acquaintance. The form of nonsmikan_ya of the vocal folds in case of narrowing of the bowel is thin, which can indicate a psychogenic deterioration. Functional aphonia can be prognostical, but if the voice is renewed, it can recur.

). Thus, 60% of teachers, 6-24% of children in the period of mutation, and 41% of children have problems with their own problems are close to the voice of a broken voice. At his own devil, ruining his voice, he overshadows the development of the movement and the commune, burns the nervous-mental state, imposes intercourse on the vibe of the profession.

Torn down the voice of Je sotsіalnoyu health problems that vivchayutsya medichnimi that pedagogіchnimi distsiplіnami - Otolaryngology (i її vuzkospetsіalіzovanim rozdіlom - phoniatrician) nevrologії, psihіatrієyu, speech therapist (i її vuzkospetsіalіzovanim napryamkom - fonopeda).

Classification of the voice

Three reasons and mechanisms in flash drives of the development:

central (psychogenic aphony or steric mutism)
peripheral (phonastenia, hypotonic and hypertonic dysphonia or aphonia, pathological mutation)

central (dysphonia and aphonia with dysarthria and anarthria)
peripheral (dysphonia and aphonia with laryngeal disease; rinophonia).

Damn your voice

Peripheral functional impairment of the voice by the type of fonasthenia can be victorious overwhelming voices overwhelming, overwhelmed by the voice mode in case of respiratory ailments. The pathological mutation of the voice in children may be overwhelmed by endocrine damage, early disruptions, and reversed vocal apparatus in the whole period. Prior to hypotonic dysphonia and aphonia, it is most often to produce bilateral myopathic paresis (paresis of the internal laryngeal mucosa), GDVI vocalizations, diphtheria, influenza, and a strong voice. The development of hypertonic (spastic) dysphonia and aphonia, as a rule, is tied with an overwhelming voice.

Symptoms of organ damage to the voice

Organizational deterioration of the voice, as soon as the child was born in an early age, was supervised to go back to life, overwhelming the accumulation of vocabulary and the development of grammatical structures, broken sound and difficult social contacts. The ruined voice, which has grown into a grown-up vice, can make the professional unreliable.

Symptoms of functional impairment of the voice

Pathological mutation can rotate in the preservation of the high sounding voice of the end of the pubertal period, the unstable voice (cherguvanny low and high tones), the low sounding sound, etc.

Diagnostics of voice damage

The establishment of the reasons for the loss of the voice is carried out by an otolaryngologist, phoniatrist, neurologist; doslіdzhennya of the main characteristics of the voice - speech therapist. Laryngoscopy is used to detect anatomical abo firing changes in the voice apparatus; from the assessment of the function of the vocal folds - Stroboscopy. In the diagnosis of puffy patches, there is an indispensable X-ray and CT scan of the larynx. Electromyography is carried out to deny information about the functions of the larynx muses. For the help of electroglottography, assess the changes of the voice device in the dynamism.

Speech therapy robot according to the renewed voice of the defect has to fix it earlier, to overcome the fixation of pathological voice delivery, seeking to reduce the results, to prevent the development of neurotic reactions to the defect. Main lines korektsіynoi robots include psychotherapy, correction of the psyche, development of coordination of phonation and articulation, automation of up-to-date switches and introduction to the voice in the most popular spilkuvannya. On speech therapy employment with the correction of dysphonia, the vicary is dysfunctional and articulation gymnastics, Phonopedic right. In sick people, the robot is guided by the extirpation of the larynx over the form of a stravohid voice.

Forecast and prevention of voice damage

The effectiveness of the correction is not good enough for the voice to lie down for whatever reason, the terms of the ear of speech and speech therapy take it. With gross anatomical changes in the voice apparatus and central parallels, beckon to let go to the deprivation of this world of polish. Damage to the voice of a functional character, as a rule, is learned more often, however, if a speech therapist is not properly recommended, it may recur. It is more important in the success of the correction of the voice to establish the organization and ease of the patient.

In order to improve the voice, it is necessary to have the correct voice calls (not to force the voice), prophylaxis colds, Vіdmova vіd kurіnnya and alcohol, taken overwhelmingly cold and hot. Individuals of voice-speech professions are guilty of diaphragmatic dichotomy and correct voice presentation. Be-yaku, navіt naimenshu, I will chill unacceptably endure on my feet; in the period of ailments followed by a sparing voice mode.

2) dysphonia, which manifests itself in the change of vizot, strength and timbre of the voice. There is a characteristic characteristic to the voice of the guardian nervously, often changing in the fallowness of the other foreign and internal factors (self-esteem of a sick person, in his mood, in a rock, at one o'clock, wait, etc.). It is natural to manifest dysphonia in case of overworked voice and steric neurosis.

The appearance of anatomical changes in the larynx gives hope in the ability to renew the voice again, that is, to sound normal. Alle the trivial change of functional breakdowns for an hour to bring up to a stable breakdown of the voice, appear atrophic changes in the larynx and the overgrowth of functional breakdowns in the organic breakdown of the voice.

3. Organizational VOICE BREAKING

Organizational impairment of the voice in children is distributed to the central and peripheral. Athos and dysphonia can be seen in the central lesions in the case of advanced forms of anarthritis and dysarthria (bulbar, pseudobulbar, corns and dysarthria).

Dysarthria in children is manifested by two main syndromes-impairments of the phonetic side of the movement and the rhythm of the rhythm-melodic-intonation of the brain. Among the key characteristics of the disarthritis, there is a spilinism of the roach and the motile disposition, that is, the pathology of the eferent and afferent regulation of the processes of speech and voice. The inconsistency of the clinical picture of the disruption of the vyavlya is the discrepancy of the vocal impairment with the given disarray.

The destruction of the prosodic side of the movement is the main and the most powerful sign of the disarthritis. The very melodic -intonation in the best world is infused with the flexibility, variation, emotional variation and the semantic structure of the movement of dysarthric.

The reason for the impairment of the voice in case of dysarthria-pathology of the eferent and afferent lanes of the control of the onset. Unimportant to the view of the clinical picture of dysarthria, it is possible to reveal the deceptive regularities of the deterioration of the voice function in these children. So, the reason for the eternal deterioration of my vbachaєmo is in the paretic, interconnectedness of the sufficient ruffs of the tongue, lips, soft weakness, vocal folds, laryngeal mucosa, ataxia, tonic deterioration, hypertension. Affective pathology manifests itself in impaired proprioceptive impulses from the organs of articulation, energy and voice.

differentiation pidhid before the analysis of the forms of disarthritis, yes characteristic features the destruction of the voice function with the given mousy breakdown. One can see the onset of clinical forms of dysarthria on the basis of one of those who suffer from the syndrome of decreased motility (the classification of dysarthria has been promoted in the Moscow region of the disease for children with damaged musculoskeletal equipment):

1) spastic-paretic,

2) spastic-rigid,