adsby.ru → to the vigilante

Chim is covered with a keratin of the mushroom. Features of mushroom clitini

Mushrooms are a large group of organisms, which are close to 100 yew. Vidiv. The stench occupies a special place in the system organic light, Uyavayuchi, mabut, especially the kingdom, order with the kingdoms of creatures and roslin. The stench is added to the chlorophyll and the volume is ready for grubbing organic speech(Їx are called heterotrophic). For the appearance in the exchange of sechovina, the chitin in the obolontsi clitin, the spare product - the glycogen, and not the starch - the stench comes close to the food. From the side, behind the way of grubbing by a path, vmoktuvannya (adsorptive grubbing), and not zakovtuvannya їzhі, according to the unbounded growth of the stink, the dewline shit.

Gribi to finish the business for zovnishnim viglyadom, Misc living and physiological functions. However, they have є і zagalny rice... The basis of the vegetative body of fungi is mycelia, or mycelium, or mycelium, which is a system of thin rosy threads, or if it is located on the surface of the substrate, the mushroom is alive, or in the middle of it. Zazvychay mycelium buvaє velmi bagata, behind the great backside surface. Through a neo osmotic path to see the soaked up. In mushrooms, cleverly called lower ones, the mycelium has no partitions (neklitkov); in children, tilo is a holium protoplast; among others, mycelium has been broken up on cells.

A cluster of mushrooms in a large area is covered with a hard shell - a clinker wall. It is mute in zoospores and the vegetative body of some simplest fungi. in the middle of culture The cytoplasmic membrane was removed, which drains the inner part of the cellini - the protoplast (Fig. 1).

Klіtinna stinka for 80-90% is stored in place of nitrogen and nitrogen-free polysaccharides. In addition, in the її warehouses in small quantities є bottles, lipids and polyphosphates. In most fungi, the main polysaccharide is chitin, and in oomycetes, cellulose.

In the cytoplasm of the fungus, structural cells are not tied to the organoids of cell enzymes, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids. In mushroom cells є organelles: mitochondria (mostly similar to such vishykh roslin), Lyzosomes with proteolytic enzymes, as well as splitting of proteins. In the fungus vacuole, it is the will of the tin, lipid, glycogen, as well as fat, mainly non-saturated fatty acids. I’m dumb. ”

Mushroom cells are from one to decilkokh kernels. At the nucleus, a sub-membrane, a nucleus and a chromosome, have deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Gifs, who make themselves into mycelium, may grow up at the top, and clearly gag. They are timid, younger, closer to growing to a growing peak. When the spore organs are established, and often in the vegetative organs, the mushroom threads are often intertwined, setting the tissue on the gravel, or the pletenchym (Fig. 2). Vona will be introduced to the help of your travels. Khibna fabrics of mushrooms pretend to be the way of intertwining of mycelium threads, and in the case of growing roslin - as a result, the clitin is in perfect harmony. Under the microscope of the pletenchymus, the parenchyma is not very common, and some of them are encouraged to differentiate on the basis of a problem that can be carried out.

Yak vkazuvalosya, in a large number of chitridium fungi, during the day, and only this is represented by the golim protoplast. Among the small ones, as well as among the oomycetes, the greater number of zygomycetes in the addition of partitions, they want to reach great growths, at least, by the day, one giant cell with bagatma kernels. In the case of mushrooms, gypsy micellia may have transverse partitions, which can be spread on cells, often with a nucleus.

Parallel to the creation of the gif, I set up mycelial heavy, kindly, when the great fruiting bodies are presented. Behind it flows water and lively speech.

In children of mushrooms (especially in mushrooms and bush mushrooms), it is hard, they call rizomorphs (the stench can be reached by the deciduous meters of the manager and the little ones). The rizomorphs have the walls of the out-of-the-box gifs in a dark color, and the internal gifs have the bili. The meaning of the risomorphs is the same as thin strands, moreover, in some cases, in the middle of the risomorphs, it is especially important to pass the pipes - wide gypsy, which will blow the minds of the growing roses.

Tse tsikavo:

Basic biosensors based on long and warm fabrics
The fabrics of the grass and foodstuffs are successful in the performance of biocatalytic components in biosensors. Biokatalitichnі materials tsiy class simply create a natural setting for presenting interest ...

Vidbir and preparation of the ground curtain
Zrazki runtіv for microbial educators look at sterile parchment bags, polyethylene bags or glassware. Whenever there is a possibility of analyzing it, it’s not necessary to send it to the fence, stretching several ...

Venus flytrap
Flycatchers grow in the United States. It can be seen on the small coastal wastelands and peat bogs of the states of Pivnichna and Pivdenna Karolina. Rid includes a single view. In the midst of the first comahoid roslin on their own good luck ...

Gribi will reach the developmental maneuvers for the callous vigiladom, transferring and physiological functions. However, they have є і zagalny rice. The basis of the vegetative body of fungi is mycelia, or mycelium, or mycelium, which is a system of thin rosy threads, or if it is located on the surface of the substrate, the mushroom is alive, or in the middle of it. Zazvychay mycelium buvaє velmi bagata, behind the great backside surface. Through a neo osmotic path to see the soaked up. In mushrooms, cleverly called lower ones, the mycelium has no partitions (neklitkov); in children, tilo is a holium protoplast; among others, the mycelium is broken up on the cells.

A cluster of mushrooms in a large area is covered with a hard shell - a clinker wall. It is mute in zoospores and the vegetative body of some simplest fungi. Throughout the middle of the cell line, the cytoplasmic membrane is removed, which drains the inner part of the cell - the protoplast.

In the cytoplasm of the fungus, structural cells are not tied to the organoids of cell enzymes, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids. In fungal cells there are organelles: mitochondria (similar in the main to such in vine roslin), lysosomes with proteolytic enzymes, as well as splitting of proteins. In the fungus vacuole, it is the will of the tin, lipid, glycogen, as well as fat, mainly non-saturated fatty acids. I’m dumb. ”

Mushroom cells are from one to decilkokh kernels. At the nucleus, a sub-membrane, a nucleus and a chromosome, have deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Gifs, who make themselves into mycelium, may grow up at the top and clearly gag. They are timid, younger, closer to growing to a growing peak. When the spore organs are established, and often in the vegetative organs, the mushroom threads are automatically interlaced, setting the tissue on the grave, or even plectenchym. Vona will be introduced to the help of your travels. Khibna fabrics of mushrooms pretend to be the way of intertwining of mycelium threads, and in the case of growing roslin - as a result, the clitin is in perfect harmony. Under the microscope of the pletenchymus, it is not easy to get the parenchyma, and in some cases, in some cases it is possible to differentiate on the basis of the problem, which should be carried out, etc.

Parallel to the creation of the gif, I set up mycelial heavy, kindly, when the great fruiting bodies are presented. Behind it flows water and lively speech.

A special type of mycelium species is sclerotia - sclerotia intertwining hyphae. Sclerocytes with spare, lively words and help the mushroom to endure uncomfortable minds, before the hour of dryness and so on. Z sclerotia develop either mycelium or organically fruiting. Khibna to the mushroom tissue: 1 - call ball; 2 - inner ball

Features of the metabolism of fungi 1. Biochemical power of fungi 2. Antigens of fungi

1.Grybi is biochemically even more active, in the nature of stench it takes part in the circulation of nitrogen and in coal, in the processes of mineralization.

Mushrooms make cellulose, so they see the cellulose of the living middle-class, and actively destroy the cellulose of growing surplus from aerobic minds, including wood. Smell effective bacteria, especially in acidic soils. A large number of mushrooms produce xylanase, degradable weed-lan, and another carbohydrate after cellulose in nature, which can be added to the storehouse of straw and bast, coniferous trees and leaves, canines. Mushrooms synthesize alpha-amylazi, hydrolysis starch; when growing on carbohydrate sources (with glucose, sucrose), it is rich in synthesis of beta-1-6-glucan, which can be included before the storehouse of the їх keyline in the non-essential supporting structure. Deyakі other mushroom-like fungi see glu-can-pullulan and mannani, and flowers of the genus penicilin actively accumulate in the micelі the polysaccharide nіgeran. Ac-pergilli actively break down fructans, hіtin. The power of mushrooms is the power to split pectin, so that they can become vicious when aerobic urine grows in a lion and hemp. Basidiomyceti actively run the lignin of living roslin. At the same time, you see brown rot, you can burn cellulose and hemi-cellulose components of the wood and green rot, which can help burn out the cellulose. For the genus Candida, it is capable of producing methanol and alkany with a lancet.

Bagato mushroom roll aromatic in carbohydrates for a rakhunok of enzymatic roasting of aromatic rings. All significant processes follow the participation of fungal enzymes. In other minds, people are actively working to wander, growing up and growing up, in other minds, to go through the processes of energy with active propagation of mushrooms. Drizhdzhovi mushrooms are widely used in the technological processes of baking and brewing brewing, wine making. The head of the ethanol producer is a fungus of the genus Saccharomyces, which can ferment glucose without access. Krim glucose other zdatnі zbrodzhuvati benketi-wat. Brooding in the presence of bisulfate vicorist for industrial production of glycerin.

The number of fungi, the order of bacteria, there is a drop of bile in the soil, the nitrogen is mined. Bagato colored mushrooms є producers of antibiotics (penicilin, erithromycin and in.) And vicorist in the antibiotic industry. Bagato mushrooms are able to build up keratin, which will summarize the numbers of children of the elderly, including people.

The development of the biological authorities of mushrooms is of less importance for the development of not only industrial microbiology, but medical microbiology. Behind the biochemical authorities, one can identify the kind of pure culture of the fungus, the visualization of the hour of mycological preliminaries from the material of the sick, so that an accurate diagnosis can be made. The set of enzymes is strictly specific for the viglyad.

2. Antigenicity of mushroom buds can be fed to the fold and vimag of the given vyvchennya. Mentally, the antigenic fungi can be divided into 2 groups according to the biochemical nature: white and poly-hardy.

Bіlkovі - silnі іmmunogeni i vіdpovіdalnі for rozvitok gumoralnoї іmunnoї vіdpovіdі in macroorganism of utvorennyam іmunoglobulіnіv klasіv G i M. Bіlkovі antigens gribіv that antitіla before they can viyaviti in reaktsії aglyutinatsії RAC i vikoristovuvati tsі reaktsії in іmmunodіagnostіkі mіkozіv - zahvoryuvan scho viklikayutsya mushrooms.

Another group of antigens (of a polysaccharide nature) encompasses the immune response and development of hypersensitivity to the type. Sensitization of the organisms by fungi and manifestation of microses, and are usually supervised by the camp of infectious allergies, so that it is possible for the infection to be detected in the diagnosis of infections by internal allergic probes in the presence of certain probes.

69. Rukh cytoplasm in roslin. The specialty of coverage of the clerical center. Inclusion.

If the number of organelles in a cell is even greater, one can stand the stench of one at a time; What is the order of the need to exchange all the materials with the same organelles? Take on the food chain slid shukati chastkovo in diffusion, and chastkovo in cyclosis - to finish shvidku rusі, Powerful vm_stu bagatokh roslinnykh clitin. With cyclosis, the entire cytoplasm of the cell is wrapped (either for the year-old arrow, or against it), causing the inner surface of the cell's inner surface and licking along with itself the organelles. The order of the cytoplasmic streams, and in some cells, for example, in the tichinka hairs of Tradescantia, it is possible to promote active cytoplasm also in the cytoplasmic strands, which overflow the vacuole. Mechanism, which is riddled with cytoplasm, more often than not inoculations, it is clear that in all Russia it takes the part of an organelle called microfilaments. Mіcrofіlameіti, apparently, actin and myosin - two bottles, which take part in the meaty speed of the creatures; The speed of communication is to be seen as a result of the mutual exchange of the actin and myosin threads, which is supervised by the vitraction of the energy of the ATP... Z'yasuvalosya, cyclosis is sensitive to the change of ATP in the cells and is actively counteracted only for quiet minds, when there is an abundant synthesis of ATP. Rechovin, scho to destroy the structure of microfilaments, to induce cyclosis. Installed, for example, such a drug as cytochalazin B, the aggregation of microfilaments, and at the same time brought, in a persistent way, cytoplasm debris into the bagatokh roslinnykh cellsі, in other words, a lot of gigantic chloroplasts of algae. (Deyakі chloroplasts zdatnі peremіschatisya in tsitoplazmі orієntuvatisya i - y zazvichay vіdpovіd on zmіnu osvіtlenostі - such rank, dwellers їh ploskі poverhnі roztashovuvalisya parallel abo perpendicular poverhnі sheet) strangled, viklikane іnkubatsієyu klіtin in tsіtohalazіn As can znyati vіdmivannyam tkanin od tsogo drug.

Changing chromosomes for an hour mitosis and meiosis also develop for the help of fast-feeling elements, so called microtubules. Microtubules are a chain of twisted empty structures with a size of micrometers with a diameter of 15-25 nm and the thickness of the "wall" is close to 6 nm. At the microtubules there is a tube of tubulin, which changes its configuration in response to some chemical influx, for example, when it is injected with Ca2 + ions. Microtubules are attached to a special chromosome dilation, to the so-called kinetochore, and additionally help to stretch chromosomes to the opposite poles of the cell before the hour of the cell. The crickets of algae and the crumbs of the crickets (gameti) of the pink roses are crumbled with jiggut as well as the crumbs of the fast microtubules. V transverse overriding jigutik zzvychay may be typical of Budov: 9 pairs of microtubules will make a ring, so I will give 2 bets, which will be located in the center. Plasmalemma (and, possibly, also tonoplast) is located in uninterrupted rus. On some of them there are bi "pukhiri", which will drain and want to be found in small particles or large molecules, for which particles in the process of pinocytosis are transported into the cytoplasm in small membrane bulbs. With a similar rank, the opposite is the reverse process - vivedennya new materials from cells named.

In living cells, like and everywhere in nature, the structure and function are tightly knitted. Whether a detail of the specific architecture of the skin tissue organelle has a unique rank attached to the singing functions, which we will talk about in the next rounds.

The specialty of coverage of the clinic center

The centrosome, the centrosphere, the centroplasma, or the cell center is a non-membrane organoid, the head center of microtubule organizing (COMT) and the regulator of the cell cycle in cells of eukaryotes. It was first revealed in 1883 by Theodore Boveri, who called it "a special organ of the clerical affairs". Wanting the centrosome to play a role in the disease, recently it has been shown that it is not necessary. In the case of a large number of cells in the cells, there is only one centrosome in the normal presence. An abnormal increase in the number of centrosomes is characteristic of cancer cells. More one centrosome in the norm is typical for some polyenergic most simple and for syncytial structures.

In bagatokh living organisms (creatures and a number of the simplest ones), the centrosome is to replace a pair of centroles, cylindrical structures, rostaschanih on a straight cut one to one. The dermal centriole is approved by nine triplets of microtubules, rosted according to the cola, as well as a number of structures, approved by the centrin, tsexin and tectin.

In the interphase of the cell cycle, the centrosome is associated with the nuclear membrane. In prophase mitosis, the nuclear membrane ruptures, the centrosome lasts, and the products go down (daughter centrosome) to the poles to extend the nucleus. Microtubules, which grow from daughter centrosomes, attach themselves to the so-called kinetochor on the chromosome centromere, forming a spindle underneath. Upon completion of the process, in the skin of the daughter cells, only one centrosome appears. In addition to its participation in the nucleus growth, the centrosome plays an important role in the formation of jugular cells and cells. Centrioles, roztashovany in niy, vikonuyu function of centers of organization for microtubules of axons of jgutikiv. In organisms, reduced centrioles (for example, in common and basic fungi, pokrytonny roslin), jiguties do not develop.

The inclusion of cytoplasms is a non-binding component of the cell, which appears and understands the fallowness due to the intensity and the nature of the exchange of words in cells and from the minds of the organism. Included may be the view of grains, breasts, drops, vacuoles, granules of small size and form. Oh, cheery nature is even more versatile. Falling as a functional sign of inclusion to be combined into groups: trophic; secrets; іncretes; pigments; ekskreti і ін. special inclusions (hemoglobin)

Among the trophic inclusions (spare lively speeches), an important role is played by fat and carbohydrates. Bilky yak trophic inclusions vikoristovuyutsya lichen in rare vypadki (in ovules in viglyadі yolk grains).

Pigments are included to make the clients and fabrics more readable.

Secrets and inkrets accumulate in hairy cells, as in specific products of their functional activity. Ekskreti - kіntsevі products of life of the clitini, which are necessary to see from it.

slide 4 s presentation "Mushroom klitina"... Rosemir archive with presentation 895 KB.

Biology 10 class

short zm_st last presentations

"Vlastivosti bіlkіv" - Denaturation. Peptide link. Renaturation. Peptide group. Vivchennya injected words onto the structure of the b_lka. Distribution of bills. The tretine structure is a ball of the secondary one, it is trimmed with the links S - S and S - H. The block of a chicken egg is partly distributed. Quarter structure - a complex of theoretical (butt hemoglobin molecules). The post of the authorities of the bіlkіv. lesson lesson"Vlastivosti bilkiv" chemistry 10 class The primary structure of the library. Alcohol + block = siege (denaturation).

"Biology Mitosis" - What is the culprit of skin growth in the process of skin growth? Ways to podilu klitini. Phase mitosis. Why should one create mitotic podil cells in large cells? Why should we start establishing a new one? acidic organism? Zagalna biology 10th grade Shatova Lyubov Sergiyivna, Teacher of Biology, MOU Asinovskaya ZOSH №1, Asinovskiy district. Why should the process of growth and development of an organism be repaired? Meiosis. Food for self-control. Amitosis. Vivchennya new material.

"Cheerful elements in the clits" - Gidrophobic speeches -ce ....... Classification chemical elements... Warehouse the cluster "The role of cation and anion in the life of the clientele." You know about chemistry warehouse clitin? Pitannya. Microelements are important metals, which enter the store of enzymes, hormones 0.0001% Cu, Zn, I, F.

"Budova Bilkiv" - Folding collection of lipids with bottles. It starts with ions (phosphate buffer system, bicarbonate buffer system). Perevirka homework... In a large number of polypeptide lancers, they are burnt in a special rank into a compact globule. Denaturation and renaturation of the bank. Budova bilkiv. Hydrophobia. Hydrophobia (hydrophilic speech). Water is easily dispensed with spoluca, zucru, simple alcohol, amino acids.

"Kovbasni virobi" - A variety of young varieties of cows virobi. Experimental part. Yaksho kovbas svizha, phenolphthaleinovy papirs do not change. Subject of the message: “Kovbasa: why don't you? Cowbasi shmatochki were placed in a test tube. Phenolphthalein papiers were placed in the upper part of the test tube. I. Theoretical part of Trocha from the history of the winners of cows' virobivs.