Russian Literature of the XVIII Century

At the Petrovsky era of the 18th century. at the turn of the hour, the revision of the literature, updating of the ideological, genre and thematic view was introduced. Peter's reformatory activity, the innovation of Russia re-envisioned the organic development of literature and new writers of educational ideas, and the first for all the political vision of educational ideas - the concept of absurdity. Education Ideology happy form traditional features of the Russian literature. Yak ordered D.S.Likhachov, in the era of the accelerated development of the Russian centralized state in literature, he was repaired by the state and social ones, who were getting burhlivy development of publicity.

Publicity will penetrate into the whole genre of literary, enriching, by ourselves, її particulars, by creating a character. The educational tradition of the young Russian literary tradition has been calmed down by the new hour, and a new quality has emerged: the Russian writer has played the role of a huge man, like a rizikuv in the eyes of the tsaruvati monarch of Chergov. Lomonosov turned into Tsar Yulizaveta, Novikov and Fonvizin - a spawn of Catherine II, and then Paul I, Derzhavin - Catherine II, Karamzin - Oleksandr I, Pushkin at the time of the outbreak of the insurrection of the Decembrists - Mikoli I.

Publicity has become a special feature of the Russian literature of the 18th century, thus enhancing the quality of the artistic vision.

Crazy, it is important and special new literature Fell in the fact that there was literary literature, which was created by the Zusillas of individual authors. The suspension has a new type of writer, whose literary activity is reflected in his specialty.

At the end of the period, Russian classicism has entered the historical arena, having become a necessary stage in the development of Russian literature as a literature for the backbone European. Russian classicism, having expanded the multi-genre mystery, yaque kept its buttya with a poetic word; prose is developing in the past - from the 1760s. Zusillami kіlkokh poetіv poetіv bouly rozvinenі rich genres of lyrical and satirical poetry. Classicist poets (Lomonosov, Sumarokova, Kheraskova, Knyazhnin) solidified the genre of tragedy. With such a rank, the booths have been prepared for the organization and successful performance of the Russian theater. Created in 1756, the Russian theater started its work on the basis of Sumarokov's work. Classicism, having begun the establishment of national literature, having adopted the antiquity of the ideas of the community, formulating the declaration about the heroic character, including in the national literature the artistic admission of the antique and European soulful mystical

Lomonosov, spiraling on the artistic awareness of the people, writing very national, self-contained odes, capturing the spirit of the nation. The pathos of this journey was the idea of ​​affirming the greatness and ability of Russia, youth, energy and creative activity to live in its own strength and its historical worship of the nation. idea hardened people were encouraged in the process of creative explanation and publicity to the public, the real practice of "Russian synonyms". Lomonosov created the poez_ya іsnuvala order with a satirical straightforward, the pioneer of such a bouv Cantemir.

Before the hour of the Tsar Katerini II, the Russian Enlightenment was left behind, the journalist and writer Mikola Novikov, the playwright and prose writer Denis Fonvizin, the philosopher Yakiv Kozelsky entered the suspension arena. S. Desnitskiy, D. Anichkov, propagandist and popularizer of educational ideology, professor N. Kurganov actively worked with them, the orders of one of the most popular books of the capital were “leafmen”. U 1780-i pp. Novikov opened the largest educational center in Moscow on the basis of a loan from the Moscow University. V

For example, the 1780s. Ivan Krilov, a young writer, a scholar of Russian educators, a talented prose writer, entered the literature.

Todi were a friend and created by Oleksandr Radishchev. Create all the authors vvazhayutsya in the tradition of educational realism. The main problematics of the їх are the ideas of extra-class value of people, they play a great role on earth, patriotic, community and community power as the main way of self-assertion of specialness. It is a special show of action and disclosure of social problems, satirically and viciously placed before it (Radishchev "Going from St. Petersburg to Moscow", ode "Vilnist", comedy "Fonvizin" Natalia "Brigadier"

At the same hour in Russia, one hour from the other countries of Europe, it was formed and literary direct I will call it sentimentalism. Penetration into Russian literature of sentimentalism began as early as the 1770s. It is especially noteworthy in the works of M. Kheraskov and the singers of the yogh stake, who were found in the Moscow university magazine "Korisne rozvagi". The Russian writers knew well the works of the English, French and Nimets sentimentalists, they intensively translated them. Sound and intelligence, the freedom of the themes, genres, motives and heroes of the writers directly.

The creator of the Russian sentimentalism as a new and original artistic system of the book Karamzin is a singer, prose writer, publicist, literary and theater critic, type and author of the rich history of Russia. A literary school for Karamzin was the editorship of the magazine "Child reading for the heart and the heart" (1785-1789 years old), which Novikov saw, for which Karamzin transformed the richly creative works of the European XVIII century. Rise on the edges of Europe in 1789-1790 rr. appeared as a great moment in the literary valley of Karamzin. The rogues of seeing the Moskovskiy Zhurnal, Karamzin as a writer, as a theoretician of the new, directly and self-consciously, taking the time to see the European literature, the basic natural principles of what has become the pureness of the sentiment.

Already in the first literary works Writer is the hero of two types: "natural people" and people of civilizations, illumination. The writing-book of the heroes of the first type in the village middle-class, middle-class, which has not been transformed into civilization, has saved the patriarchal pidvaliny. Famous story of Karamzin " Bidna Liza"(1791) turned the fellows in her humanistic idea:" I love the villagers to see them. " Golovna heroine povisti - a villager Liza in her own statement of the writer about "natural people": she is "beautiful in soul and soul", kind, generous, good, given and not loved.

Chi is not the most significant tvir of Karamzin "Leaves of the Russian mandril", which represents the European life of the end of the 18th century. - zvychai and pobut, suspilny device, policy and culture of the modern Karamzin Europe. Head hero- "Delicate", "sentimental" ludin, who thinks about the good of all people, about the "moral approach" to the people. At the article of 1802 "About love before the fatherland and national pride" Karamzin wrote: "Our bada, we all want to speak French, and it’s not thoughtful to talk about the overbearing of the powerful move." The duality of the Russian sanctioned suspension was identified by Karamzin as one of the head transitions for the national self-designation of the Europeanized Russian literature and culture, and the problem of reforming the movement of Russian culture

Sentimentalism bezposeredno gotuvav developed Russian romanticism in cob XIX v.

Control nutrition and supervision

Trains: Simeon Polotskiy, Sylvester Medvedev, Karion Istomin.

M. Karamzin "Bidna Liza".

Trains V. Trediakovsky, M. Lomonosov, A. Sumarokov, G. Derzhavin.

Children create occupy an important place in the middle of the middle visions of artistic literature, and there are many ways to imagine the peculiarities of the culture of that people, the system of their values. The skin culture has its own understanding of good and evil, right and wrong, beautiful and unattractive, fair and unfair. Children have a choice of values, as they stay with us for all life. The meaning of literature for children, in such a rank, is not underestimated.

Slid to mean characteristic feature children's books - a collection of art and pedagogical vimogs... Such literature is guilty not only of rooting, but of povchati, directing, orієntuvati. The children's writers of the 18th century (and they create, in an astute manner) pushed to convey to the children important knowledge about light, instill correct values.

At the same time, two countries - Great Britain and Russia - and on the butt of the child creations that were established in the cich powers, re-setting, so the process works like that. writers that їхні create will be recognized by your respect.

Child Literature of Great Britain 18th century

In our skin we love books from dynasty: kazki "Alisa in the land of miracles", "Maluk and Carlson, who live on the dakha", "Matilda", "Thumbelina", "Gulliver's paths" and "Robinson Crusoe" (list, sound , in the skin). Albeit, perhaps, we did not grow up in 21 centuries in Russia, but in 18 centuries in England, why could we have read it?

From the above list, we have lost the book "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe (1719) and "Gulliver" by Jonathan Swift (one thousand seven hundred and twenty) in a special version for children, written by a free copy.

However, does it mean that in the 18th century English children do not have a lot of reading? Let's get rid of it.

On the right, in the fact that Kazkov's histories were fading away, and there was no nicholas in them. If the letters did not disappear, the stench was passed from generation to generation to folklore. Ale in the 17-18th centuries, with the development of drukarstvo, more and more professional writers began to appear, and more and more children. The Cossacks at that hour, like і at a time, groaned and licked the children, fluttering fantastic wedding I didn’t get tired of the old turbochargers.

The axis is deprived of the main child writers of the 18th century and create.

"Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe

Turning to England, the 18th century. At that hour, as you can see it, with the help of the "bestseller" buv tvir Defoe. In the book "Robinson Crusoe" the manhood, stiffness, guilt of the people, vimushennye іnuvatie in extreme minds, were wobbling. The majestic popularity of Jonathan Swift also cried out, in which the author's call to the view of new horizons and horizons is seen.

"The Road to Gulliver" by Jonathan Swift

The success of the "Mandarin of Gulliver" was inoculated before the beginning of the appearance of the first books for children, in which it was clearly read the praying of the story of the creation, with the words "Guliver" and "liliput" in the names of the children. One of the earliest applications - in 1751, was a childish "Journal of Liliput", the creator of such a book John Newbury, a writer from London. The Іnshy butt - "Library of liliputiv, or the Museum of Gulliver" in ten volumes of a small format, published in Dublin in the 1780s. The book was published specially for children, and the price of the bull was not great, so children could buy it. The foreign part of 10 volumes became all five British shilings, and around some of them you can buy a lot of leather pensions. At the same time, it’s not as expensive as it used to be, but it’s too great for many children and their fathers. Only representatives of families from middle and middle viskim rіvnem income could be allowed to buy such literature and volodya literacy, sufficient to read.

іnshі books

Cheap books in the genre of popular literature were also made available to the population. The stinks included childish reports, histories, roads, children, prayers, stories about robbers, robbers and vbivts. Ts tomi buli nasty yakosti sold for one or two pennies.

In 1712 rotsi appeared to shift to English mov the famous Arabian Cossacks "Thousand and One Nich".

Yak bachite, child literature of that hour was actively developing in England. And what about it in the territory of Russia? Read more about it.

Russian books for children of the 18th century

Russia has the most childish writers for the 18th century and for the creation (the first Russian books, written specifically for children, were set on the territory of our state in the 17th century, the 18th century carrying on the tradition).

The epoch of Peter I gave the post development of illumination, the spring of literature for children. The tsar himself, having taken in, is even more importantly dbati about the wickedness of the growing generation. At the end of the hour, children's books will be re-read in the main meta. Handpicked handlers, alphabets and primers.

"Yunosti mirrors"

Writers of the 18th century (Russian) list of childish literature is shown in the light of the day. Yak butt can be brought "Yunosti garlic mirror". At the end of the production of Bully, the rules of behavior at the court were described, as during the reforms of Peter I. They put the book close to the Tsar for his special request. On some writers, who worked on the book, stood Gavrilo Buzhin. materials on spelling, alphabet, writing. Meaning "Youth is a mirror" of the maybut, the support of the tsar - children, who are guilty of being courtiers. Main idea about those who, in their success, are more important not just the kind of people who are, but their special merits, who want to be welcomed at a particular camp of the nobility. Vices were introduced and criticized. For children, there is a special code for the development of a special code of twenty garnets, the middle ones are especially due to service, mobility, relevance, pratsyovitst. The writers of the 18th century (Russian) list of female garlic razkryvali figuratively, on the butts, flashing bright female images in their creations.

crossbeam literature

In the eighteenth century, the literature has expanded, for example, the bikes of Esop. Tsi stories, written in the 6th century BC. That is, by the sage Ezop, kindly take the opportunity for children to imagine in the form of heroes - animals, birds, trees, kits ...

Pislya of the 50s, the writers of the 18th century are being repaired, and the writers of the 18th century are now being created. But all the same, the main part of the childish literature is to appear at the Sunset (especially from France). Here is the sign of the famous French Kazkary of the 17th century Charles Perrault. Yogi kazki "Popelyushka", "Spyacha Krasunya", "Chervona Cap", "Blue Beard" know and love children in every way. Not only readers, but singers, and the writers of the 18th century drew their natchnennya from the cikh creatures.

Writers of the 18th century

List of views Feofan Prokopovich. Tsey author has written two books for children - "A short Russian history", as well as "Pershay navchannya adolescents". At the forefront of another book, it means that dignity is even important hour in the life of the skin people, so how the basic rice is formed to the character of that little character. Children are guilty of reading books and love.

Caterina II

Not only professional singers and writers of the 18th century opened children's books. The heads of the state respected the young with their own obedience. The spraying butt was shown by Katerina II. Vona opened a great number of creations, middle boules and books for children, for example "Kazka about Tsarevich Chlor" and "Kazka about Tsarevich Fivee". Obviously, the stench boils far to the point in the bitter, intelligent word, with its bright characters and heroes. Do it all, they depicted vices and garbage in the zeal, abstract. However, the butt of Katerini II appeared to be contagious, and now the famous Russian writers of the 18th century have gone to the farther, they create specially for children.

Mikola Ivanovich Novikov

Important additions to the development of a childish literature outside and Mikola Ivanovich Novikov. Winning the first child of the magazine - "Child reading for the heart and rose". New creative genres were created by Nyomu: kazki, notification, p'usi, zhaty and іn. Not only artistic literature is presented in the magazine. At the new boulevard, there are popular science statistics for children, which tell young readers about nature, new sights, rural lands, and places, and people inhabiting them. Tsі statti bouly is written figuratively, tsіkavo, in the form of talk. Novikov in his creations promoted the ideas of goodness and humanism, humanity, Yaki, on yogo dumka, slid z young rock_v pinch the kids. The magazine mav great success and buv was still popular at that hour. 18 centuries were handled in a whole form.

Mykola Mikhalovich Karamzin

It is necessary to tell the decilka about Mikol Mikhailovich Karamzin. Tsey writer has opened and translated 30 new creations for children. Being a representative of sentimentalism (which was followed by a lot of Russian writings of the 18th century), becoming so close to childish nature, he became especially beloved by the middle of young readers of the middle and senior age. In 1789, Karamzin bully wrote the first things in the magazine "Child reading for the heart and the heart". Mikola Mikhailovich wrote for children and wrote to the magazine. In the last ten years of the 18th century, you have created such things, like "Beautiful Tsarivna", and "Ilya Muromets". In the rest of the Kazts, they knew the image of the Russian bilini. Tsey tvir is not finished. Ilya Muromets, created by the author's pen, does not look like a typical rich man with a bilin, but it’s obvious that it’s just a bit of a mess. The Kaztsi cannot describe the fight with the enemies of Rus, in which they see the lyrical part of the soul of Ilya Muromtsya in the spilkuvanna with her cohana. In the spirit of sentimentalism, Karamzin depicted in detail the kind of heroes, opening the picturesque paintings.

visnovok

In such a rank, the 18th century brought something richly new to the child's literature, yak outside the cordon, as well as in our land. Literature for children actively promoted its development at 19, and then at 20 centuries. Moreover, in її development is clearly seen a decline. For example, the Cossacks of Charles Perrault in the small versions of the vicorists were in the fake Andersen, Pushkin, the brothers Grimm, Irving. Tobto the motives of some Kazoks perfectly took root in others. Create Russian writings in the 18th century were read and in 19, and in the past. For the childish literature of the 19th century, even more links are characteristic of artistic literature for grown-ups, as well as with the holy and culture as a whole.

І all up to the era of the Renaissance. A magnificent infusion on science, morality and morality of the suspension was celebrated by the literature of the 18th century, as it made a new contribution to the svitov culture. Education gave the post of the Great French Revolution, which changed Europe.

Literature of the 18th century was victorious in the main educational function, and great philosophers and writers became heralds. The stench of the most important knowledge, an hour of encyclopedic knowledge, and not without special respect, was honored that only people were educated in the way of changing light. The stench carried their humanistic ideas through the literature, which was in the main from philosophical treatises. Tsi pratsi boules were written to reach a wide range of readers, great miseries and mirkuvati. The author was honored with such a rank, but they will be honored great number of people.

The period from 1720 to 1730 is the rock of the names of educational classicism. Most of the time, the snake glimpsed at the fact that the writers were spiraling on the butt of the antique literature and art. In the cich creatures, pathetics and heroism are perceived, which are oriented towards the idea of ​​the root of the state of paradise.

Foreign literature The 18th century was chilling. Vona was able to show heroes, such as patriots of reference. For the whole category of people Equality, Brotherhood and Freedom are the main priority. True, it is the requirement that the heroes increase the amortization of individuality, characteristic, and they will only be addicted to life.

For the change of educational classicism comes educational realism, which brings literature closer to people who are close to them. Foreign Literature of the 18th Century will turn a new one straight, more realistic and democratic. The writers will turn around to people, describe their beggars, and tell them about their countrymen and torments. My novels and we sing the writers call out our readers to the mercy and spirituality. People of the 18th century will be able to read the works of Voltaire, Rousseau, Didro, Montesk'є, Lessing, Filding and Defoe. The main heroes - simple people I can’t resist suspicious morality, even more vulnerable and often weak-willed. Authors of cichus are still far from real literary images heroes of the 19th and 20th century, altogether remember the significant zsuv in the description of more life characters.

Russian Literature of the 18th century is on the cob of Peter the Great, step by step change the position of classicism to realism. Yaskravim representatives of the whole period of boule such author, yak Trediakovsky and Sumarokov. The stench has laid a fertile soil on the Russian land for the development of literary talents. Non-transferable Fonvizin, Derzhavin, Radishchev and Karamzin. We will want a lot of talents and a huge position.

English Literature of the 18th century was brought about by the form rіznіkh straits... The English were the first to be victorious in such genres as social and family romance, in which the talents of Richardson, Smollett, Stevenson, and without sumnivu, Svift, Defo and Filding were manifested. The writers of England were among the first to criticize NOT the bourgeois way, but the bourgeois themselves, whose morality and truth, Jonathan Swift swung in his irony and at the bourgeois way himself, showing the most negative sides in his creations. The English literature of the 18th century is also represented by a phenomenon, which I call sentimentalism. Vona is reminiscent of pesimism, anger in an ideal and is straightened only to feel, as a rule, a love wickedness.

At the earliest of the 18th century, in the Petrovsk era, Russia began to rapidly develop the leaders of the redevelopment in the spheres of sovereign and cultural life. The transformation of the country led to the centralization of autocratic statehood and self-acceptance. At the end of the day, the independence of Russia has changed, the country has grown up, the country has grown up culturally closer to the countries of Europe and has made it possible to pour into the European arena.

Widely victorious achievements in the development of modern and social science, culture, technology, industry, education, Peter I, through his reforms, created new ways for Russian literature. Unimportant for those days of Russia after the death of Peter the Great, the Russian suspension reached the end of the 18th century of great results in the culture and education of culture. Russian monarchs, especially Peter I and Catherine II, clearly thoughtful, to bring the land forward, to bring about the new patriarchal order, old-fashioned sabobones, as they set the stage for the growth of material moral values ​​and education, education, culture, friend. At the touch of the cycle of literature, I met vinyatkov respect.

The sources of the Russian suspension in the cikh minds took away the opportunity for a wide rosy and artistic performance: Buli vidkriti Moscow University, educational schools and vocational schools, introductions new calendar, Established a Persha Russian Newspaper, Established the Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Arts, Vilne Economic Support, the first permanent Russian theater. The partnership took away the power of its own thoughts, criticism, and officials, nobles and dignitaries.

Russian Literature of the 18th Century dwelt on the old Russian literature in a great way about the mystery of words and about the writer's mission, about the possibility of a book pouring into the suspension, into the mind and feeling of the spivgromadyans. Vona has given cime to the historically shaped features of the new form, vikoristy and versatility, classicism and education.

The head idea of ​​the development of literature in the era of classicism became the pathos of sovereign development and re-creation. That is why on the first plan in the literature hung over the top of the civil-patriotic poetry and vicious-satirical criticism of the vices of the suspension and the state, the furnishings and the people, who were entangling progress. The central genre of the high-rise huge poetry is Bula ode. Critical directly represented the genre as a high satire, close to one, a bike and a pobutov comedy of morality.

The main direct development of the literature was on the ear of the capital. In the first third century, classicism was formed, the people of whom took one of the most important hierarchs of the Orthodox Church - the writer Feofan Prokopovich. A.D. Kantemir, V.K.Trediakovskiy and M.V. Lomonosov became the masters of classicism. For them, the greatest writer, whose creativity sprang up in the first half of the 18th century, buv A.P. Sumarokov.

In the other half of the 18th century, around the 1760s, in literature new period... New genres are at hand in an hour: the prose novel, the story, the comic opera and the "tearful drama."

Oskіlki sotsіalnі rubbіlіchchyya, then all the more widening otrimuvala satire. To help pom'yakshiti її poured into the suspension, Katerina II herself became an unofficial visitor to the satirical magazine "All sorts of things". The Empress wanted to change the role of the enormous satire and the significance of the uryad satire, to serve the political interests of the monarchy. Vona asked to know the butt of the writers and the species. Russian suspension speeding up tsim. Russia immediately has a number of satirical journals ("I that, I sio", "Sumish", "Pekelna poshta", "Truten", "Ni those, ni sio in prose and virshah", "panshini"). Nybilsh by radical magazines, like they fought against Katerinin's "Be-like stuff", the magazines of the prominent Russian educator M.I. Novikov - "Drone" and "Painting".

Satirically straightforward to the full panuvalo in verses ("Sent to my servants Shumilov, Vanka and Petrushka", "Fox-Kaznodey") and comedies ("Korion", "Brigadier", "Natalka") D. I. Fonvizina, in the comedies of Y. B. Knyazhnina ("Khvalko", "Divaki"), in the comedy "The Yabed" by V. V. Kapnist, in prose and comedies by I. A. Krylova ("beshketniki", "Trumph, abo podshchipa" and written just on the cob of the 19th century "Fashion Shop" and "A Lesson for Daughters").

At the same time, there is no interest in the great high forms of literature. YB Knyazhnin (Rosslav, Vadim Novgorodsky) and other playwrights, for example, N.P. Mykoli (Sorena and Zamir), are playing the tragedies of A.P. Sumarokov in the last quarter of the 18th century.

In the other half of the 18th century of the genre, the system of classicalism began to shackle the creative thought of writers, and the stench would grow and reform and reform. The heroic poem, characteristic of Kantemir ("Petriada"), Lomonosov ("Peter the Great"), Sumarokov ("Dimіtriadі"), now enter a different plane. The rest of the genre - "Russia" by M. M. Kheraskov - was not successful. The genres of "heroic" singing, hot singing and comic operas, in which the genre of heroic singing was ironically changed ("Gravets Lombury," F. Bogdanovich).

These tendencies evoke classicism as literary directly and in the works of the greatest poet of the 18th century G.R. Derzhavin, renewing the principle of classicalism and, in advance, recognizing romanticism.

In the end of the 18th century in literature, a new literary direct is sentimentalism. Winning a strong inflow on A.N. Radishchev, the greatest Russian misler and nefarious writer, who felt like a bulldozer with popular bids, we will make the settlement of the villagers and the simple Russian people vzagal. The main part of this TV - "Road from St. Petersburg to Moscow" - was written in the genre, loved by sentimentalists, "expensive" and viciously shocked by the pictures of injustice and lawlessness. Tsia "sensitiveness", the heart's concern is overly close to the sentimentalist.

M. M. Karamzin, the founder of sentimentalism and the greatest literary writer, is a sings, prose writer, publisher, journalist, "the last writer and first our historian", according to Pushkin's words, and reformer of Russian Literary Movies... The number of verses, balads and povists brought them all-Russian popularity. Most of the merits were tied with such creators, such as "Leaves of the Russian mandarin tree", stories "Bidna Liza", "History of the Russian state", as well as the re-creation of literary movi. Karamzin nominated and succeeded in reforming, the leaders of the Russian government will fall asleep, in the form of writing, writing and writing. Karamzin was willing, it’s a Russian literary story, it’s clear and as if it’s just catching up with a new understanding and an announcement, which was announced in the 18th century, as it’s a Frenchman’s, as the Russian illumination said in a statement.

The closest ally of Karamzin becoming І. І. Dmitriyev, the author of popular historical and patriotic creations, pisen, romances, satirical Kazoks and bikes ("Urmak", "Zvilnennya Moskvy", "Stogne gray dove ..." The principles of sentimentalism have been talented in their songs in the folk dance by Yu. A. Neledinsky-Meletskiy, which is to be found in a small song (for example, "I will go to the river ..."), which have been preserved in the song repertoire to our days.

Russian literature of the 18th century, in its rapid development, has taken care of the great achievement of the master's words, which were sent to the 19th century. Vona mayzhe instructed the provincial European literature and was able to "... in the coverage of the articles from the countries of the world."

- ... maybe the most powerful Platons
І nimble rosum Nevtons
Russian land of narodzhuvati.
M.V. Lomonosov

Russian writers of the 18th century

PIB writer	Rocky life	Naybilsh significant create
PROKOPOVICH Feofan	1681-1736	"Rhetoric", "Poetics", "A word of praise about the Russian fleet"
Kantemir Antioh Dmitrovich	1708-1744	"To rozumu svoєmu" ("On blasphemous vchennya")
Trediakovsky Vasil Kirilovich	1703-1768	"Tilemakhida", "New and short way to fold Russian verses"
LOMONOSOV Mikhailo Vasilovich	1711-1765	"Ode to the bribe of Khotin", "Ode to the day of gathering ...", "Sheet about corroding the skla", "Sheet about corroding the books of the church", "Russian Gramatika", "Rhetoric" and a lot of them
SUMAROKOV Oleksandr Petrovich	1717-1777	"Dimitriy the Pretender", "Mstislav", "Semira"
Prince Yakiv Borisovich	1740-1791	"Vadim Novgorodsky", "Volodymyr and Yaropolk"
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizina	1745-1792	"Brigadier", "Natalka", "Fox-Kaznodey", "Sent to my servants"
DERZHAVIN Gavrilo Romanovich	1743-1816	"Volodary and Judges", "Monument", "Felitsiya", "God", "Vodospad"
Oleksandr Radishchev	1749-1802	"Increase from St. Petersburg to Moscow", "Vilnist"

Bula is that vague time,
If Russia is young,
At the wrestlers, they worked hard,
Cholovika from Peter's genim.
A.S. Pushkin

The old Russian literature has overflowed with a widespread decline, like, however, it has not been seen in the 18th century. a large number of memorials of the old literary literature bulo vidkrito and seen in the end of the 18th and in the 19th century(For example, "The Word about the Regiment of Igorovim"). At the connection with cim in 18 centuries Russian literature is spiraling at the Library and European Literary Traditions.

Monument to Pyotr Pershom ("Midniy Verhnik"), sculptor Matteo Falcone

18th century - tse table of education in Europe and Russia. Over the course of one century, Russian literature will go through the majestic path in its own development. Ideological basis and redefining development of boules prepared by economic, political and cultural reforms Peter Pershogo(Rocky rule 1682 - 1725) Russian empire... From the 18th century Russian support of Vivchian religious information in all spheres of life: in politics, in economy, in science, in science, in mystery. First, until the 18th century, Russian literature was developed and isolated from European, then now I will master the progress of ancient literature. Heads of the spirit of Peter's associate Feofan Prokopovich, poets Antioha Cantemiraі Vasil Trediakovsky, Vcheny-encyclopedist Mikhail Lomonosov Pratsi is established from the theory and history of light literature, translated from earthly things, to reform Russian virshuvannya. So hello there Idea of ​​the Russian National Literature and Russian Literary Movies.

Vinnik in the 17th century Russian virshuvannya was grounded on a strong system, through the Russian virshi (virshi) they sounded not very sweet. Have 18 stolіttі M.V. Lomonosov and V.K. Trediakovsky razroblyayut power-thin revision system It zoomed in the intensive development of the poetry, moreover, singing the 18th century spirals to Trediakovsky's treatise "New and a short way of folding Russian verses" and Lomonosov's "Sheet about the rules of the Russian revolution". With the names of the two prominent pupils and singers, they will tie the birth of Russian classicism.

classicism(Appearance of the Latin classicus - zrazkovy) - a straight line in the arts and literature of Europe and Russia, for which it is characteristic Suvore noticing creative norms and rulesі orієntatsіya on antique studies... Classicism in Italy in the 17th century, and I like it directly from France, and sometimes in the European countries of Europe. Nicola Boileau is the creator of classicism. In Russia, classicism originated in the 1730s. in the works of Antioh Dmitrovich Cantemir (Russian poet, son of the Moldavian ruler), Vasil Kirilovich Trediakovsky and Mikhail Vasilovich Lomonosov. Classicism is linked to the creativity of the great Russian writers of the 18th century.

Artistic principle of classicism so.

1. The scribe (artist) is guilty of imagining life in ideal images(Ideally positive or "ideally" negative).
2. Do the creators of classicism strictly follow good and evil, high and low, beautiful and indulgent, tragic and comic.
3. Heroes of classicist works be clear about the positive and negative.
4. Genres in classicism are also divided into "high" and "low":

high genres	low genre
tragedy	comedy
Oh so	bike
epic	satire

5. Dramatic creation was ordered according to the rule of three unities - an hour, a moment and a day: the action was taken in one stretch in one and the same moment and was not slowed down by the occasional episodes. At the same time, the dramatic tvir took shape in a manner of five acts (diy).

Enter the genre of old Russian literature. Vidteper Russian writers vikoristovoyt the European genre system, Yaka isnu until the day.

M.V. Lomonosov

Mikhailo Vasilovich Lomonosov became the creator of the Russian ode.

A.P. Sumarokov

The creator of the Russian tragedy - Oleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov... Yogo patriotic p'usi boulys are dedicated to most remembered podiy Russian history... The pledges of Sumarokov's tradition were continued by the playwright Yakiv Borisovich Knyazhnin.

HELL. Cantemir

Creator of Russian satire (satirical verse) - Antioh Dmitrovich Kantemir.

D.I. Fonvizin

Russian Comedy Creator - Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin, Zavdyaki like satire has become educational. Yogo traditions in the 18th century were continued by A.N. Radishchev, as well as comedian and baikar І.A. Krilov.

A poverty-stricken blow to the systems of Russian classicism Gavrilo Romanovich Derzhavin, Yaky repairing yak sings-classicist, ale destroyed in 1770-i pp. canon (creative laws) to classicism. Winning in his creations is high and low, huge pathos and satire.

W 1780s provide a meeting in literary process borrowing directly - sentimentalism (Div. Dali), in the mainstream of M.N. Muravyov, N.A. Lviv, V.V. Kapnist, І.І. Dmitriev, N.M. Karamzin.

Persha Russian newspaper "Vedomosti"; vid number 18 chervnya 1711 roku

I have a very important role to play in the development of the literature. journalism... Until the 18th century, there were no newspapers or magazines in Russia. I will name the first Russian newspaper "Vedomosti" in 1703 he was issued by Petro Pershy. The other half of the capital has literary journals: "All sorts of things" (Vidavets - Katerina Druga), "Drone", "Painting" (Vidavets N.I. Novikov), "Pekelna poshta" (Vidavets F.A.Emin). They laid down the traditions of the boule, continued by the vidavtsy Karamzin and Krilov.

In the whole 18th century - the era of the rapid development of Russian literature, the era of outside education and the cult of science. At the 18th century the foundation was laid, which made the ear in the 19th century of the "golden capital" of the Russian literature.