Explanatory hour. The yak has announced the standard hour
T gr = T m ± W E T m = T gr ± E W (2.5)
Greenwich hour is called all-round. Wono is an argument for entering the Marine Astronomical School (MAE).
Mistseviy hour T m in practice is not victorious for two reasons:
- The ship collapses, so the ship's dovgota zmіnyutsya, but it is difficult to turn into a razrahunka after the start of the hour.
- On land, for two sposter-gachs, which may rise in the range of degrees, the month will change by the value of T m = 15 °.
standard hour
| Widened widening belt system, Accepted at the astronomical congress in 1884 for the proposal of the Canadian transport engineer Fleming. The whole Earth is divided into 24 time zones at 15 ° (or 1 hour) in the skin. Meridian 0 °, 15 °, 30 ° і distal through 15 ° (up to 180 °) є central for the skin belt, meridian with dovotami 7 ° 30 ', 22 ° 30' і distant - tse cordon belt. The stench is driving along the meridians only at the open sea and ocean. Let us explain the hour T p be called month hour the central meridian of the given time zone, accept for all the territory of the zone. The belt with the central meridian of Greenwich is numbered, and the numbering of the belts is shown to E or W, up to the twelfth belt inclusive. |
For the identification of the belt number, In which there is a ship aboard a point, it is required that it be separated by 15 °. The part of the date gives the number of the belt, and if the number of the belt is more than 7 ° 30 ', then the insurance with such a rank of the number of the belt will be changed to one.
Apply: = 20 ° E, No. = 1E
= 28W ° E, no. = 2W Zone hour properties:
- the standard hour in the mid-range belts will be changed for 1 year;
- the difference in the zone hour in any two time zones for the daily rise in numbers;
- the standard hour of any zone is based on the Greenwich, so as to the time of the zero zone, by the value of the belt number:
T p = T gr ± T E W T gr = T p ± T W E (2.6)
The midst hour in the boundaries of one time zone is theoretically not guilty of going from the waist Tp more low by 30 m, but the width of the zone is 7 ° 30 '.
However, on land between time zones, you do not expect to have meridians that are multiples of 7 ° 30 '. The stench rises in the district of the territories and invites you to grow up with the sovereign, administrative, or geographic cordons... The lines are indicated on the card # 90080.
Decree, lіtnіy, standard, ship hour
Name the name of the belt bagaty. So, for example, the hour of the first skidny time zone (No. = 1E) is called middle European, the other - skidnoeuropeysky.
Day by day T d- the last hour, zbіlšene by 1 o'clock. Russia is alive for the maternity hour. Decree hour was adopted by decree (law) by the Uryad (RNK - Svitlom People's Commissars) of the USSR in 1931, with the help of the economy of electricity at the evening hour.
T d = T p + 1 h
Lіtnіy hour- take one hour at tribute to the state on lіtnіy period... Litniy hour - tse explanatory (or maternity yak in Russia), increased by 1 hour. In Russia, the summer hour is functioning from the last week of birch until the last week. Moscow hour. Moscow roztashovutsya in another skidny belt, albeit maternity hour in the new - the third zone, and lіtnіy - the fourth. Tobto Moscow hour- the whole hour of the third skidny zone, if it’s a maternity hour (charge) and the fourth zone - if it’s last hour, Tobto
T MSK = T gr + 3 h (4 years)
standard hour- take one hour to the given area of the Earth. It can be explained, litniy, maternity, explanatory ± 30 m (as for example in India, Indonesia, Iran, Afghanistan, the middle belt of Australia).
We ship by the hour T s the time zone of that time zone is called, behind the yak is the ship's godinnik. The ship will be drawn in an hour to an accuracy of up to 1 m.
Line of change of dates
- When the ship is passing on a skid rate (from Asia to America), the date in the W-th period at the time of LSD transfer at a lower rate. And the current date, as it was already in the E-th pivot, so that the date is repeated, for example, from the 2nd birch to the 2nd birch.
- When the vessel was passed by the backward courses (from America to Asia and Australia), the date in the E-th period at the time of the LSD transfer is still more. And besides that, the date is minyaumo, then the date is changed on two doors ahead, for example, from the 2nd birch minis to the 4th birch, I miss one dob.
Zmіna date to be recorded in the ship's log.
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Behind the international land, the Earth's surface was cleverly divided by meridians into 24 time zones - 15 ° in the skin. In the middle of the belt, they settled for an hour along that meridian, which passes in the middle. The hour between the boundaries of one time zone was called the explanatory hour.
Kozhen from 24 years old zones maє sv_y number (number) from 0 to 23. Time zone mіzh 7 ° 30 W. At 7 ° 30, the midway point, in the middle of which to pass the Green Meridian, was taken for the zero (at the same time, the 24th), and from now on to lead the rakhunok of the belt. The vidlik is carried out from the approach to the midpoint of the Greenwich Meridian, tobto between 7 ° 30 lateral and 22 ° 30 lateral - the first belt, between 22 ° 30 "and 37 ° 30" - another belt, between 37 ° 30 "and 52 ° 30 "- the third zone, let go of the quarters, the definitions and so it is trivial to the 24 (zero) time zone. The hour of the skin time zone is based on the hour of the second time zone for 1 year.
For example, if in Stockholm, Berlin, Prazi (1 belt) 1 year 30 min, then in Moscow, Minsk, Kiev (2 belt) 2 years 30 min, and in Arkhangelsk, Baku and Tbilis (3 belt) 3 years 30 min.
On the map of the old belts, it can be seen that the cordon belts do not pass strictly along the meridian, but along the boundaries between the regions, sovereign cordons for burning the great places. The goal is to ensure that the entire region with settlements passes through the same time zone - for a quick time. For example, the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been expanded in the third, fourth, fifth and fifth time zones. Ale oskilki is a part of Kazakhstan, which is located in the same time zone, is even insignificant; In such a rank, it is accepted in respect, that the republic has been rocked in three time zones (3, 4 and 5). *
a) Make a choice for the middle meridian of 3, 4, 5 and 6 time zones.
b) Name the time zones in Kazakhstan.
If at the beginning of Eurasia, the sun is coming, then at the descent of the infusion of the wounds of the coming day. That, of course, is the wine of food: in what time zone do you need to do it again? They mentally began to vvazati, so I will do it in the twelfth time zone, on the second middle meridian. Ce meridian 180 ° dovotti. However, the meridian migrated the islands in small numbers. A line deviating from the meridian was drawn on the map of such mice. The line from the Pivnichniy Pole to the Pivdenniy is called the line of dates. As a result of the lineage, I put an ear of skin on top of the earth.
Maternity hour. The explanatory hour in Kazakhstan has been moved one year ahead. Tsei shifting of the blunders of the decree for the sake of the People's Commissars of the SRSR from the 16th day of 1930 to the rock. Tse hour is called maternity.
Since 1981, a "litniy" hour has been introduced in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main meta, both summer and maternity hours, is more outside the week of the day during a working day and the economy of electrical energy. In the last few weeks, the birch tree of the year of the year is quickly transferred one year ahead. Vosni, in the rest of the week, zhovtnya, the last hour to see, and the year of the year is translated a year ago.
1. So also the month's hour? Visnite the month of your land,
place.
2. What is the standard time?
3. In what time zones are there in Kazakhstan?
4. For whom is the maternity hour introduced?
5. What time zone is Astana located in? .Determine what you need
middle meridian of the tsiy belt.
6. Why should a new risk be created in Moscow and Atirau piznish, now in Almaty?
Vishche was already talking about those in haunted life koristuvatisya m_stsevym hour is not handy. There was a need to introduce a longer system downtime and the number of hours.
In the other half of the XIX century. the country of Europe began to enter in one hour. At such an hour, the capital hour of the capital of the head astronomical observatory took place. In our land, until 1919, the skin is alive at its average time of the month. on zaliznytsya and on the telegraph they used to speak at one hour - in St. Petersburg. The price of the introduction only partly lodged for an hour.
The rapid development of a suspension network, the expansion of economic links as in the middle of the country, as well as in the middle of them, were imbued with a modern, more sophisticated system and number of hours on an international scale. In 1884 r for the international land was adopted new system numerical hour and time zone. In our country, the transition to the ciu system was built from 1 lime 1919 r earthly kulu distributions for 24 time zones - from zero to 23rd inclusive. The leather belt is loaned at 15 °. The middle meridian of the middle belts is one side by one at 15 °, until about 1 hour.
The middle meridian of the zero time zone is the Ukrainian meridian. We settled in the skin time zone, we used the same hour for the whole zone, according to the middle sleepy hour of the middle meridian of the given zone. This rank, let us explain the hour 1 p, is called the middle sleepy hour the middle meridian of the given time zone. In the Western time zones, the hour grows by one year, and every second in all zones is one and the same, as in the year of the Green Astronomical Observatory. It represents the value of speed when shifting for an hour.
The number of the time zone is for the first time of the middle meridian, rotated in the hour, and shown, for the first hour given to the zone before Greenwich.
Between time zones pass along the interdepartmental meridians only in the open seas, oceans and in uninhabited
miscellaneous. Yakbi suvoro dotrimuvatisya between the interdepartmental meridians, then in some regions and in places it took two hours to enter. To that, cordon belts are carried out with the urahuvannya of the sovereign and administrative cordons with such a rozrahunka, the population of the suburbs, the edge of the oblast took only one hour.
During many time zones, there may be a distance from the middle meridian of the zone not only on the ale and at 10-11 °. However, the price of access is not so significant, but the difference in the zone hour from the place of seeing to the populations at the time is shown in the absence of years, which goes beyond the explanatory hour, for the time being, for example, a svitanka or temryavi. Between time zones, look at each other periodically. On the territory of the SRSR, pass 11 time zones from the 2nd to the 12th inclusive. Otzhe, the maximum increase in hours in our land is 10 o'clock. Yaksho, for example, in Moscow it is 9 years old, then at the same hour in Chukotz it is already 9 o'clock. The system of zone time is adopted in all countries of the world.
At least one hour, it is based on the sub-surface of the Earth at 24 time zones: at all points in the inter-zones of one belt at the skin moment. ... however, in the middle belts, it will grow quickly for one year. In the zone hour system, the 24th meridian, from the distance by 15 ° by 15 °, is taken for the middle meridian of the time zones. Between zones on the seas and oceans, as well as in sparsely populated places, should be carried along the meridians, extending 7.5 ° to east and west to middle. In the other regions of the Earth, the cordon for greater efficiency is carried out along the sovereign and administrative cordons, valleys, rivulets, mountain ridges, etc. that are close to the meridians. (Div. Map of time zones). For the international land for the cobbing buv, the meridian is at 0 ° (Greenwich). The current time zone is set to zero; the hour of the belt is called all-important. The smaller belts in direct from the zero to the scale of the numbers from 1 to 23. in any time zone or all-important hour, according to the zone number. The hour of the time zones was given a special name. So, for example, the hour of the zero zone is called Western European, the hour of the 1st zone - the middle European, the hour of the 2nd zone in foreign lands I call it a skhidno-European hour. Territory of the SRSR to pass the time zones from the 2nd to the 12th inclusive. for best rational vikorystannya the natural light and the economy of electricity in Bagatyokh regions in the summer hour should be transferred one year or more ahead (i.e., summer time). In the SRSR, the daylight saving hour was introduced in 1930; The shots of the bully are transferred one year ahead. As a result, all the dots in the gaps between the given belt began to grow for an hour, the middle belt, which was roasted on the other side. The decree hour of the 2nd time zone, in which Moscow is roasted, is called the Moscow hour. For a number of powers, unaffected by the time zone hour, they do not obey the hour of the time zone, but live on the whole territory, either the capital's hour of the capital, or the hour, is close to the capital. In the astronomical scholar "Nautical almanac" ("Sea Almanac") (Great Britain) for 1941 and the beginning of the rock, an inventory of time zones was established and taken for a quiet hour, de P. v. not to get used to it, but also everything became the zgoda of the snake. Before the introduction of P. in. In the greater regions of the country, the civil hour has been expanded, and at any two points, which are not the same. Tied with such a system, the rakhunka of non-handiness became especially gosudo-visible with the development of the railway. whenever and when a telegraph call was made. At the 19 st. in the ranks of the territories began to introduce one hour for this land, most often the civil hour of the capital. However, the whole world was not suitable for the powers with a great length of territory on the other hand, that is, the acceptance at an hour on the distant outskirts is signifi cantly seen as a civilian. In the country’s lands, it took only an hour to introduce only for implantation on the halls and telegraphs. In Russia, the Pulkovo Observatory served the civil hour of the Pulkovo Observatory, which was called the St. Petersburg hour. P. in. bulo proponated by a Canadian engineer. Fleming in 1878. For the first time it was introduced in the USA in 1883. In 1884, at a conference of 26 powers in Washington, it was adopted internationally to favor the P.V. On the territory of the SRSR P. v. the letter of the Great Zhovtnevoy Socialist Revolution was introduced, from the 1st of 1919. Lit.: Kulikov. A., Course spherical astronomy, Type 2., M., 1969.
Topic for the lesson: Russia on the cards of the old belts.
P / R No. 2 "Viznachennya rіznitsі in hі okremikh Teritorіy" (navch.)
meta: Vivchit stan Rossii on the maps of the old belts and vidi o'clock on the territory of the country.
zavdannya:
Osvitnya - formulate knowledge about the waist, maternity and religious hours; date understanding "time zones".
Razvivayucha - development of an independent message of information - "the line of change of dates", formulate the tips and the start of the explanatory and monthly hour; Virishuvati practical work from vikorystannyam geographic picture; Developing healthier knowledge and memory in everyday life.
Vikhovna - organizing the rosum activity of scientists, creative self-realization; the root of the positive microclimate, the degree and the visibility of the spilkuvannya. Vikhovannya hardness character, letting go of your point of view.
II Vivchennya new material
Introductory word of the reader
Our homeland is great. At Penza the evening, and on the Distant Descent, on the birch The Pacific to fix a new day, go to Sonce. We seem to say: "Dobranich!" good luck! ". Take the lack of space in Russia, take a look at the land, which has spread over the entire width of the tree, to help us increase the growth in hours on the territory of Russia.
The world for an hour is the same for the inhabitants of the Earth: a second, khvilya, godina, doba, rik. For vimіryuvannya an hour to crumble with an adjunct - years.
In all sorts of light - the year of "Kremlin Kuranti", roztashovani on the Spassky basht of the Moscow Kremlin, below are not built by such veneers, like the stench є for good reason. The arrow is great - trimetric, the skin number on the dial - not a meter in height - can be seen far away. The pendulum, grips in the case, weigh 32 kg. Chotiri razi for a year b'yut kuranti; and all of the country.
Teacher: reading urivok virsha Godinniki buvayut rіznі (K. Aboimov) and showing the godinnik on the map. Godinniki buvayut rіznі
Є children, є important.
Bell alarm clocks,
Wide open eyes,
Quite important,
Pikhati's handwraps,
Seryoznі
I Bashtovі Grіznі.
To run a year on a cola
І all їm darma.
Kroki godinnik-khvilini
Carboat day after day.
Teacher: do you know how old you are?
Scientists: report on food and demonstration: year-of-birth, astronomy year, lyalkov, water-year, "Pavich" year-old.
Stunned by those lesson: “Russia on the maps of the old belts. hour "
If there has been food about the synchronization of an hour on the planet? (I will appear transport)
Hello, you know that our planet will turn around its axis. The outer one is wrapped around its axis the Earth is to rob for doba. What about when you see?
On doshtsi:
360 0 in 24 years
15 pro in 1 year (60 hilin)
1 pro for 4 hvilini
Catering to class:
During the last hour, the Earth will rotate around its axis (360)?
(For extra 24 years)
Will the earth turn by a few degrees in one year? (In one year, the Earth will rotate 15 0 / year)
To that, the difference between the points roztashanimi on the meridians, from the distance to 15, become one year (div. Scheme 1).
If there is a point that has been removed from one by 1, then the hour will be taken to skilches? (For 4 chilini see Diagram 2)
60: 15 = 4 min.
On one and the same meridian in the skin and yogo point from Pivnichniy to the Pole Pole one hour or maybe. It’s an hour to be called a Mistsev ... The hour of the cutaneous meridian is called MISTSEVIM.
AN HOUR ON ONE VOLUME F MERIDIANS IN THE SKIN YOGO POLE INTO THE POLE TO BE CALLED MISTSEVIM.
Viznachennya to sign up for a visit!
In the winter months of the earth, roztasvannyh on the small meridians, so that I can see it, at one and the same moment the year is shown early hour dib. For example, in Moscow - 15 years, and in Petropavlovsk - Kamchatsky - opіvnochі. On one meridian one hour and the same.
Meridians on the Earth are rich, in the middle towns and villages, the metropolitan hour is spent on hilin 'in seconds. It’s not handy to get used to it in a practical way. what
Riznitsya in the wicked hour of wickedness in the telegraph, telephone and radio communication, in the best way, in the connection between the parts of our majestic in length, from the entrance to the circuit of the land. Victory hour in astronomy.
Astronomers propose to introduce the system of standard time.
Explanatory hour.
The main hour was adopted in the great powers of the world, and in Russia it was introduced in 1919. In such a rank, the hour in the skin belt is reduced to one year. In the middle of the belt, they settled for an hour along that meridian, which passes in the middle. The Earth turns around from the approach to the skid, that on the skid from any belt the hour will be 1 year more, on the west - 1 year less. What kind of belt should we take for zero? For zero acceptance of the time zone, in the middle of which to pass the meridian of the Grinvich Observatory. The whole belt will serve 24 - m. The hour of the first belt changes from the hour of the cob for 1 year.
Closing the material.
Nutrition: how is it at the midnight hour of the Greenwich Meridian and Territory, are you living?
Dovgota inhabited locality, de mi live - 34 SD
34:15 = 2.26 h
THE HOUR IS AT THE CORDONS OF ONE TIME ZONE TO BE CALLED explaining.
Robot with a card of the year's belts.
A map of time zones on the territory of our country can be seen, with respect to the numbering of time zones. Visnachaєmo, on the territory of our land there are eleven time zones (from II to XII). The capital of Russia is Moscow roztashovana in the II time zone, Penza - in the III time zone, Chukotskiy pіvostrіv - in the XII time zone. However, for the XI and XII hours, the belts are combined into one. In addition, between time zones strictly along the meridians of into the ocean And on the continents, the stinks come from administrative cordons.
1. Why should a resident of Yamal, who arrived to Omsk, do not translate the pictures of the year, but, having arrived in Murmansk, change it. For years and in any direction?
Suggestion: Yamal and Omsk are located in the V time zone, and Murmansk is in the II time zone, which means that the arrows of the year should be translated for 3 years or so.
2. How long does it take for a settlement to go out of Moscow for 2 years? (4 hours).
3. Has Chita been 13 years old?
To fix a new one at 180 meridians - the whole meridian is called a line of dates.
Guess in the book of J. Verne "About 80 days of light" Phileas Fogg will be overpassed, having played steam, but he will have added a whole lot. And Fergana Magellan's companions spent an hour of round-the-world sailing. They did not, they didn’t vrahuvali the line of change of dates.
Peretinayuchi ЇЇ ІZ APPOINTMENT ON SHID, MI "eat at VCHORASHNIY DAY", tobto Vigraє DOBU. And having moved 180 MERIDIAN ZI GO TO ZAKHID, "VTRACHAЄMO DOBU"!. NAPRIKLAD, in Chukotz 6 BREAST, and in Alaska 5 BREAST.
At the end of the day, they stood up with such a belt on the 12th, middle meridian. A tse meridian 180. On a new day, a new dob will be repaired.
Meridian 180 was accepted on the basis of a line of dates. For example, we change the line of the date of the date from the entry to the stage of the 1st spring, the offensive finish of the guilt of the rakhuvati is not the 2nd spring, but the knowledge of the 1st spring.
Malunok on doschs:
180 0
zaid skid
The ear of news is cleverly added to the 12 time zone. The meridian of 180 degrees passes through the middle of it.
Vvazhaєtsya LINIS ZMINI DAT.
It will also be ordered on the transition from Skhidny to Zakhidny Pivkul. Changing the line, we will be able to do it with one finish in the inshi.
holy hour slide
Russia is in 11 time zones. Moscow is located in 2 zones, and Chukotskiy pivostriv in 12.
For 11 and 12 hours, the belts were combined into one.
food:
Skіlki razіv zustrіchayut Noviy Rik residents of Russia?
Residents of this part of Russia
The first to come to mean the date of the New Rock, but which one is left?
indications:
10 times, repaired from the Far Descent.
Remaining New Rik residents of the Kaliningrad region
zavdannya
Moscow is 10 years old. Skіlki in Danish time to the hour in Yakutska?
vidpovid
Yakutsk is 16 years old, so I’m going to lie in the 8-year-old belt, and Moscow is at 2. Riznitsa is 6 years old in an hour.
LITNII HOUR
Since 1981, the last hour has been introduced in Russia. Z 1 KVITNYA ON 1 ZHOVTNYA the arrow is translated 1 HOUR FORWARD. In such a rank, we get the flow 2 years earlier than the standard hour, and from 1 zhovtnya - 1 year earlier.
maternity hour
Beastly up to the picture of time zones. There are Roman numerals in the skin time zone. At belt II there is the number 3, in III - 4. The arrows of the year, when translated one year ahead, will be explained for the next week of celebration. The qi figure will show the daytime. Vono bulo was introduced in 1930.
The day of the day is ONE HOUR ONE HOUR AHEAD AT PORIVNYANN Z having explained, T.Є. The time zone is +1 HOUR.
MOSCOW HOUR
The maternity hour of another time zone, de is Moscow, is called the Moscow hour.
In our land on the zaliznitsy, telegraphs will not be explained, but at one Moscow hour. The territory of the Penza region is located in the 3rd time zone, ale, unaffected by the price of the Moscow hour.
III Primary consolidation of knowledge.
All scientists see practical robotics options.
The value of the zone hour according to the card of the year zones.
Cycle of robots:
1.discount a new understanding: midnight hour, standard hour, line of change of dates, maternity hour, Moscow hour, summer hour.
You will be able to see the beginning of the standard hour
Move robots:
1.theoretical part
2.practical part
Butt: at least the standard hour in Yakutsk, when in Moscow 10 hours.
A short record umovi: Moscow - 10 years; Yakutsk -?
Last Visitors:
By default, in which time zones there are given points:
Moscow - at 2 - m, Yakutsk - at 8 - m
value difference between time zones: 8 -2 = 6
by the specified hour at a given point, vrahoyuchi, but at the end of the hour it will change, at the turn - change: 10 +6 = 16 View: in Yakutsk - 16 years
viconati self
Zavdannya number 1
Which time zone is Nizhniy Novgorod?
Zavdannya number 2
On the territory of which time zone is the Klyuchevska Sopka volcano?
Zavdannya number 3
To translate the yearbook for passengers to fly from Moscow to Magadan?
Zavdannya number 4
Would it be necessary to translate the year, which is directly from Nizhny Novgorod to the Sochi metro station?
Explain.
Zavdannya number 5
If Fernand Magellan has gotten his way more expensive, then, unaffected by those who have been living, “wasting” one day.
Yak mav vchiniti Magellan, overturning the line of dates?
a) dodati dobu
b) change dobu
c) forget everything without a change
Zavdannya number 6
Speak an hour in the cities of Tashkent, Yakutsk, Magadan, and where in Nizhny Novgorod are 13 years old?
Pidsumkiv busy
IV Home zavdannya: paragraph 3. Virishiti the problem.
Passenger vilets from Yakutsk about 11 years after the month of the month.
Do you have a chance to fly to Moscow?