The genre of anti-utopia is jammed. Dystopian genre. Zamyatin's novel “Mi”. Social forecast of the writer and the reality of the XX century. Need additional help with vivchennya be-libi those

In the first half of the 1920s, the main theme in the Russian artistic literature Bula hromadyanska vіyna. Ale the novel by Eugen Zamyatin "Mi" (1920) won absolutely one by those.
Written tvir in the genre of philosophical anti-utopia. In utopia, painting, as a rule, is beautiful and insulating from other lights, which stands before the drowning glance of a third-party sposter. In the dystopias of setting up for quiet change of minds, the eyes of the sacking, the ordinary hulk, from the middle, are given to show respectfully the people who are infused with the laws of the ideal state.
Diya to the novel "Mi" is in the distant maybutny. Yakiy talanovitiy engineer, number D-503, wake-up call of the space ship "Integral", I'm keeping notes for the sites, telling about the life of one state and the life of the one who is the benefactor. Well, is it one power? Huge numbers of them, letting them down and replacing them with numbers, leading the same life behind Taylor's system: all the stinks get up in one hour, but it’s the same to grudge, fix and finish the robot at once. Oh, it is not possible to recognize one kind of one, the stinks are fantasized and misleading, and their love has grown up every day. All the people live under one great wicked kovpak and from the Kremlin in the glorious light of the day. Keru Udinim by the State is a Benefactor, the vlada of yakogo is absolute and bezperechna. Tilki vin has the right to think over and appreciate decisions.
Zamyatin as the author of the dystopia showing that some of the wicked the very nature of humans is unhappy, that needs more power and help medicine. To that from the people to death, everything is put on the assembly line. People are automatic, not people. The romance has a mother's norm (a common O-90 marriage is ten centimeters to her, and that doesn't have the right to be a mother). Children of the One Power wriggle around like robots and don't know their fathers. And all the same, only in the novel The Power and the Benevolent is a cardinal solution to the problem of happiness: all human lives have a fantasy, as you can see the exchange of a laser. Great Operation will complete, nareshty, the process of re-development of the specialness, the way to the tranquility and prosperity of knowledge.
Poki D-503 is in the camp of unfreedom, then it will be happy. Ale if you zustrilasya zagadkova "dunno with even more bile and good teeth", smoking cigarettes, feeding the liquor and the snake of the constructor Integral zrobiti kovtok in a favor - all snake in yogo witness. So, by extending the development of the novel in romance, the process of the development of the utopian idea of ​​the "backward happiness of lack of freedom" is promoted as a result of the development of the "ideal" rationalistic manifestations of the protagonist with the realities of the realities. So, love, jealousy, it’s a pity to tune in the D-503 image, the ideal harmony of the machine light was created, and nature, mystery, creativity, instilling the knowledge of the past, put the idea of ​​the correctness and imperfection of the laws of technocratic-systemic-systematicism.
The numbers of the One Power, vikhovanim in dusi hearing, calm, prosperous, befits such a "happy" share. I’m talking about the possibility of the suspension, in any case it will not be a matter of opinion. Bagato socialism-utopianism was promoted by the state of welfare with greater comfort and a single thought. The novel "Mi" is developed as well as "Happiness".
The creature pretends to be sterile and in its own way of ordering the lights of "ideal unfreedom". Ale lack of freedom is not a guarantee of heavenly prosperity and comfort - nothing, except wretchedness, syrosty and wretchedness haunted life.
Written in 1920, the novel by E.I. Zamyatina based on the principle of novelty. The uniqueness of the Zamyatinsky creation of a polyagus is beyond comparison in the fact that a number of anti-utopias in the literature of the 20th century are visible, “Mi” immediately expands and “overgrows” the framework of this genre. In addition to the implementation of the main goals of the anti-utopia (the transfer of the highly civilized suspension of the future and the advancement of the inheritance of this conquest), the whole novel is very philosophical. Winning "vichni" by those and zagalnoludski problems: freedom, happiness, love, creativity, spiritual joke. Reading the records of D-503, mi bachimo, the call is large-scale, the grandiose model of the "ideal" suspension of the mayybutny, with a greater visibility, appears according to the scheme suggested by the author, the illusory one.
To that it is quite obvious that the dystopia for Zamyatin is not an end in itself of artistic creativity, but rather a hand-made form for turning the author's glance at the light. The novel "Mi" is an artistic document of the human history of the 20th century.

dystopia(Eng. dystopia) - I describe the state directly in artistic literature, in which they took a mountain of negative development trends. Anti-utopia є by the main anti-utopia of utopia.

tvir

"Maybutn light and miraculous", - writing in his novel "What robiti?" The ideologist of the Russian revolution N. G. Chernishevsky. There were a lot of Russian writers of the past century, who created their own variants of social utopias, and they themselves: L.N. Tolstoy and M.A.Nekrasov, F.M.Dostoevsky and N.S. Leskov. XX Art. enter into the whole chorus of written voices of your own correctives. The very historical action made me think that many creations appeared in the genre of anti-utopia, both in Russian and in foreign literature (J. Orwell, O. Huxley).
"Mi" is a novel about the distant future, the future through a thousand rock. People still did not change over nature, but rather saw the city of civilization. The book was written off as a political pamphlet on social support. However, the author himself stverzhuvav, that "the whole novel is a signal about security, which will block people and people from the possession of machines and powers." The emergence of totalitarian regimes wickedly in a new sense of consciousness in the power of knowledge, but in the future, the ideal suspension, gave confidence to the mind of human nature. gifts unique building transfer, Є. Zamyatin zrozumiv, I do not care about the new features, the hardness, the ruin of the classic culture and the thousands of years of tradition. This is how a dystopian novel was born, a forecast for the future, if it would be desirable for him to do something.

Already in the guessed novel, N. G. Chernishevsky's romance of the maybutny "misto son", which includes joy and harmony on earth. Why do I repeat the description of the classic literary utopia: before us there are “the domes of the Auditorium”, “the curse, the electric, the open-ended“ Integral ”,“ the divine parallels of the writers of the author of the foreshadowing of the old man ”. signs of material well-being and progress, the spiritual camp of the maybut suspension, and the first for all the changes of the state and the state. those who “lack of freedom” - just “Happiness”, a natural camp for people, who has lost their “I” and none and an insignificant part of the all-consuming, non-specific “mi.” for the efficiency of securing state security. It’s not possible to reach it by technical means, a living human soul doesn’t need the form of an absolute good. The soul is alive if it will be in Russia, dominated by everything natural, natural, and not satisfied with the ideal constructions.
A. Platonov's novel "Chevengur" Zhovtnevoy revolution in the central provinces of Russia, about the people who were seized by the revolution in the huge war, about the "buzz of the land", about the ideas, thoughts and experiences. Head hero to the novel - Oleksandr Dvani - to go to the place of Chevengur, de pretending to be a new communism. The author shows, as a collection of lights have been listed, the turbot about the blessing of the blessing is virodzhuyutsya in its antiquity: podil people on "ours" and "not ours" and ts'kuvannya rest. Self-ruling ideologists - people number one in the totalitarian state - is not between. The axis, for example, Prokip, "create everything Karl Marx for a special implantation, formulating the whole revolution, like wanting, - in the absence of the mood of Klavdyushi and the active situation." І mi bachimo, to whom was called also the ideological kerіvnitstvo in Chevengur. The communists fight against the "bourgeois element" with good luck and natkhnenny: "The bourgeois in Chevengur were killed mintly, honestly, and life could not bring joy to the afterlife, because their souls were shattered". The comrades were already killing everyone for the parish communism: they killed the bastards, they killed them, they killed them to the point of indifference and exploitation, they tortured them. Ale so, I didn’t know the smell of the first wound of the “new capital” - communism didn’t teach ...
Subsequent stories of the novel will show us the author's way to the described one and inspire the “new capital”. Chevengur will ruin like a terrible bewitching corral. The novel will end on the road, I will see it in the future, I hope. Andriy Platonov cliche to such a fret butt, de dermal specialness of each other "not far away" and "not even close." With his grotesque creation, Platonov spoke against the improvement of specialness. However, it is physical, rosum and spiritually unfriendly. So the parity of zupinilo would be any development, life itself, the author says.

Іnshі create with cim cheese

"There is no life without a girl ..." V. G. Bulinsky. (One by one from the works of the Russian literature. - A. I. Zamyatina. "Mi".) "Great happiness of freedom is not guilty of being overwhelmed by evil things against specialness, and freedom with your own hands ..." (M. Gorky). (One at a time decal for the writings of the Russian literature of the XX century.) "Mi" and stink (E. Zamyatin) "Chi can be happy without freedom?" (Behind the novel by E. I. Zamyatin "Mi") "Mi" is a dystopian novel by E. І. Zamyatina. "The success of the maybut" and the present in the novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi" Anti-utopia for anti-humanity (Behind the novel by E. I. Zamyatin "Mi") maybutnє people The protagonist of the dystopian novel by Є. Zamyatina "Mi". The share of specialness in the minds of the totalitarian suspense is dramatic (behind the novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi")Є. І. Zamyatina. "Mi" Іdeyny zmіst to the novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi" Іdeyny zmіst to Zamyatin's novel "Mi" Specialty and totalitarianism (behind the novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi") The problematic of contemporary prose is moral. One by one creation for a selection (A. I. Zamyatina "Mi"). The success of the Maybut in the novel by E. I. Zamyatina "Mi" Why should E. Zamyatin's novel be called "Mi"? Prophecy in the works of Platonov's Pit and Mi Zamyatin Prophecy and caution of the creations of Zamyatin and Platonov ("Mi" and "Pit"). Problems to the novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi" Problems to the novel by E. І. Zamyatina "Mi" Novel "Mi" E. Zamyatin's novel "Mi" as a dystopian novel Roman E. І. Zamyatina "Mi" is a dystopian novel, a novel is a change Anti-utopian novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi" Sense, name the novel by E.I. Zamyatina "Mi" Social forecast in E. Zamyatin's novel "Mi" Social forecast of E. Zamyatin and reality of the xx century (behind the novel "Mi") Tvir for the novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi" Happiness "numbers" and Happiness people (behind the novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi") The theme of stalinism in literature (behind the novels of Ribakov "Children of the Arbat" and Zamyatin "Mi") What about Zamyatin's novel "Mi" and Saltikov-Shchedrin's novel "The History of One World"? I-330 - characteristics of a literary hero D-503 (Other Option) - characteristic of a literary hero O-90 - characteristic of a literary hero The main motive for Zamyatin's novel "Mi" Central Conflict, Problems and System of Images in the Romance of E. І. Zamyatina "Mi" "Specialism and power" in the creation of Zamyatin "Mi". A dystopian novel in Russian literature (behind the works of E. Zamyatin and A. Platonov) Unification, development, regulation in the novel "Mi" Happiness "numbers" and Happiness people (tvir-miniature behind the novel by E. Zamyatin "Mi") Riznomanittya light and piece "formula of happiness" in the novel "Mi" Living in paradise? (Іdeyny pіdtext to the anti-utopia novel by Є. Zamyatin "Mi") Think about Zamyatin's dystopia Literary Tvir of Evgen Zamyatin "Mi" Dramatic share of specialness in the minds of a totalitarian suspension (behind the novel "Mi" by E. Zamyatin)

The dystopian novel appeared in the 20th century literature as a counterpart to the utopian novel. The Yogo belt was pummeled, persh for everything, by historical and social factors. To that end, a dystopian novel is the subject of not only literature, but philosophy, history, sociology, politics, oskilki vin we will be able to see the processes that are being visualized, we will be able to see such processes. Protest, anti-utopian novel є, persh for everything, literary work, that the last ten years were marked by interest before poetics and stylistics literary genre, Zokrem in robots Arsent'ev P.P., Davidova T.T., Evsєєva V.N., Lazarenko O.V., Lapin B.A., Skorospelova O.B. that is rich.

The dystopia is an image of the vices of the suspension, prompted, by the way, to quiet social ideals. [Literary encyclopedic vocabulary 1989: 29-30] Krim term "dystopia", in scientific critical literature, the terms "dystopia" and "negative utopia" are also introduced.

Anti-utopia as a genre was a collection of utopias, the foundations of which were laid down by Thomas More in his one-name creation. In the traditional suspension, utopia is retrospective, which means that the author of the utopia, as a rule, festers up to the "hour of the ancestors", informing about the destruction of the country with an ideal suspension arrangement. Mora's Idea rejected the development in the creation of Campanelli's Italian writer "Misto Sontsya" (1623), and then by the English philosopher F. Bacon in " new Atlantis". The utopia is inevitably perfected by the historical optimism, the model of the ideal suspension is created, the dermal people are happy, they have their function.

Make sure that everyone is magical to formulate those who are walking from their own sight. Ale ... nikoli and nowhere among the wickers (as the word is pre-verbal here) did not have such a majestic strength. As a rule, it went into and out of it. If I read Plato, children cannot grow in their homeland, with Eliot - that the boy is guilty of bachiti up to seven years of the same women, and for seven - only of the children, for Lokka - that the child needs to be taken into the fine tweaks we are aware of all the mothers and nannies, and the smut - all the way to the children who want people to be judicious. However, the human models of a successful capital will be equipped with the most beautiful technology and zoom into the very ones they want.

Anti-utopia (abo "dystopia", "kakotopia", tobto "nasty misce") with negativistic pathos for the worlds of Gadamer, nachebto, getting in a mess. I will simply shut out the very possibility of "promoting the light". Tim is bigger, it seems to the firmness of one of E. Shatskiy’s utopian way of thinking, “those who think of negative utopias with positive ones are, according to the truth, a way of backing light. In both cases, we have a black-and-white light in front of us, I want to change the values ​​against the older ones and the old ones, and the black ones. "

First of all, utopia, painting, the possibility of engaging an ideal in a "good world" is simply a dystopia, like a stverdzhun, so the realization of ideals will be brought to the root of the "rotten world".

Ideal of the world-powers, forged by wise rulers behind the help of thorough laws (the utopias of Mora, Campanelli, Bacon, etc.), in the dystopias of Huxley, Bradbury, Orwell and others. They stand up to the barracks, and to replace the "spirit of the laws" - slavery and the vitality of the smothering of the impulses of freedom. Utopia as a "humanistic image of a thorough gurtozhitku" is replaced in a dystopia by the rank of a conveyor for the preparation of human beings ...

Iaksho vіrno reasoned about those who “in the phenomenological plan utopia, thematically whole discourse, occupied by one thing - the dystopia of being alienated”, then the dystopia, when it came to b, preserves the incompleteness of exodus ...

In the end-piece of utopia as a genre of dystopia, protist as an antigenre (more in its historical formation, utopia has set an important tradition, and the antipode of the young people).

Like a utopia є, behind the words of St. Lem, “the viclade of the singing theory of the butt behind the help of specific objects”, then the dystopia is a criticism (“destruction”) of the theory, which claims to be the “improvement” of the suspension. As a result of "ideal" fasting "imperfect", "reasonable" - "unreasonable", "fair" - "unjust", "wise" - "unwise" ...

The distance to the collapse of the situation, so I will clutter up my life, if the human spirits have begun to demonstrate their character and become transformed into their own kind of black diru.

Aleksei the heroes of the distopies seem to be "in newspeak", like Orwell's in 1984, like the books burned, like Bradbeari's in the novel "451 Degree Fahrenheit", as the author of notes in Mi, written by the author of lobotherapy in the world, as a reader (it’s written by itself not to appear in snakes) - is it the creator of anti-utopian creation who predicts the total decay of the word і mind? Do not lose sight of what G. Wells, E. Burgess, R. Shekli, A. Platonov, having lost faith in any sense of the butt, in the communication of creativity, in even greater steps, but not authoritative, as to write "unstoppable" texts, Are they busy with permanent psychoanalysis, praying to "deneurotization of evidence in artistic-philological-science therapy with a path of positive transfer of their traumas to the collapsing text"?

Deneurotization, very, very easy. But nevertheless, we are closer to the position of G. Morson, writing that “for the utopia of traditional literature - tse those, that need to be podolati," a hero in the vision of pre-utopian authors ”.

Ale іdei (the sphere of "genre misery", behind Bakhtin) have preserved their significance in being "to order spiritual energies", and have a bit of a sense of integrity, which is a tradition.

Bo - with all its criticism - a dystopia in the sense of social and cultural norms: "centered" svіdomosti, zdatnaya sprymati, otsіnuvati, tlumachiti (just read!) - people. Sounds, to the speech, the writing of the difficult hero to the novel "Mi": . ".

Zamyatinsky novel correlates with Bakhtin's concept about the crisis of authorship (a concept that was being developed in the same twentieth rock). Even in the robot "The author and the hero in the natural virtue" of the "crisis of authorship" is attributed to the "crisis of life" in the "from absolute maybut" .P.Bak, only on the strength of the need to learn "the power of authorship, the correctness of the artistic word as an international problem of happiness."

The novel of Zamyatina, zokrem, demonstrating this kind of power: to the Zusillians, the genre and genres of misery as think of the missocial, multicultural, social commune.

E.B.Skorospelova rightly sverdzhuvala, that "All before you look at the novel" Mi "is not only like a novel about a novel, like an adventurous novel, psychological, love, philosophical, ale and like a novel, history" ... the problem of genre synthesis and prototypes of valuable empty ones.

However, the philosophical utopia has become deprived of a kind of intellectual gri. The crisis of the traditional suspension and modernization, from one side, caused a real re-creation of the suspension at rational ambushes, from the latter - the sharpening of the aggravated rubbish. This situation appeared to be superbly friendly for the detection of the phenomenon of mass utopian testimony. The utopian is no longer thinking about the most beautiful device yak about the lack of ideals, but firmly knowing and verifying that the life of a man will be awakened on singing principles. [Morson 1991: 50]

The first anti-utopian romance poses were like a parody of utopia. The pure vision of the genre of anti-utopia is only in the XX century, and it is not vague: in the whole period, the art of art itself is experiencing strong shocks in the eyes of the first and the other blameless journey of people for their own kind. They were shocked by the bagatykh to think about the incompleteness of the suspension, about the marnoy bend of people, about the horror of the state machine. The anti-utopian novel is becoming a popular protest against the current harmony. [Ibid: 51]

The presenters are one-way viznayut, how the dystopian belts are bogged down with social and economic reasons: All about Hitler in Nimechchin of the 1930-1940s, svitobudov for Stalin in the Radiansk Union of the 1920s-1950s became mirror images of light on Shigalev. Crazy, in the first place, on the basis of the realities of the XX century, the "dystopian" social models in the works of such other old writers as A. Platonov and Є. Zamyatin, J. Orwell and R. Bradbury, such a writer as G. Franke. Such a concrete social substrate, cementing the European and Russian anti-utopia of the XX century. " [Rabinovich 1998: Dodati 127-128]

Representatives of this genre, winos for the reader's judgment of the versatile options for the development of human civilization, go with the moods of enchanting in the utopian ideals of the past and unmatched tomorrow. ci social motives I will generate pesimistic and tragic romances, which may have particular ideological and aesthetic and artistic and varied characteristics. [Morson 1991: 52]

Obviously, besides the motives, those, who are in power in the genre of anti-utopia, can be developed in the new literature of the next era. It is quite natural, as the formulation of national literatures and genre systems and systems is taken into the context of the development of literary literature as a whole, through the decline in the number of literary and intercultural links. At the same time, anti-utopia as a genre of literature has developed a number of features, as well as in the development of some of the most recent genres and in the creation of a unique artistic quality.

On the other hand, it means that the past and the present are promoting the anti-utopia to "anti-genres", the specifics of some polygons in their parody character. Anti-genre "vismiyu" ti chi chi genre traditions in literature. [Ibid: 53] However, the point of view cannot be taken into account, but the main meta of the bitter novel-dystopia is not a parody and a vision of the genre of utopia, but an understanding of reality. You can say that utopia is a whole idea, and dystopia is an illustration to an idea. [Zvurev 1989: 34] This means that utopia opens up like an abstract idea of ​​an ideal suspension, at that time as a dystopia demonstrates what the integration of the idea into life can lead to.

Zamyatin has bully followers and nasliduvachi. A few more plots are easy to see. In 1908, immediately after the appearance of A. Bogdanov's utopia, "Chervona Zirka," I had visions of the Russian language novel by David M. Perry, "The Crimson Kingdom" with the title "Social Democratic Fantasy".

A young American John Walker, from whose name he was going on, having become enchanted in the bourgeois order, having tried hard skin without problems, hunger and angry, to throw himself into the sea of ​​Atlantis without day and ... enjoying the sound. And then, according to the author's ironic respect, "the social-democratic state is with such a thorough form of government, which is not found in the history of people."

Social paradise, Perry's vision, at the closest glance, appears to be an eager caricature of a Marxist statement about the communist suspension of the Maybut.

In the Crimson Kingdom, development and regulation have been brought to the absolute. Neither by name, nor by zovnishnim viglyadom It is even uncomfortable to see a person from a woman. Names of people are replaced by numbers.

Kozhen will shake off his portion of yushka at the singing hour, and I will immediately become healthy - my portion of mykstury. You can have no more than a thousand words for doba. Power is on the right of the lover. Whether the discipline of launching in the run is broken, the system of punishment will be retaliated - from the dilution of the yushka to death. With the arrival of the Social Democratic Party to the rule, the demand for wine has been growing. The development of science and technology has attributed a thousand rockets to that.

Yaki ideals of the author himself, can be seen from the offensive urivka: "I have spent purgatory in the middle of the water in a crazily porous life from freedom. In my negligence, I called socialism and shukov death, want to throw off the power of death I know for sure. Because of the light, the law of creation is based on the principle that the suspension of any crop is not tied to the mind, I have drunk in such a light, de, navpaki, the partnership of the crop is not associated with all of the mystery; Ale, about the gods, I mean At the same time, I decided to work for the lordly livelihood only soon enough, to eat before the yoke of primus pratsi for the livelihood of the others. for all and for all for the skin, called altruistic. Now I know, that pratsyuvati on myself means being vilny, but praising people in particular and for whom it is especially important to be a slave ... la, however, there are a few chlibs, but people are not very good at heart, they are fair, merciful, and self-confident. It’s unfortunate with socialism, with any nіkhto, but wіn not shy, we can’t reject a large part of the products, not be-a-kind ".

"Social-Democratic Fantasy" by Perry, from zoological hatred to progressive huge theories, is a typical example of a dystopian novel.

The palm tree in the history of the people who hated the black dystopias is reminiscent of the old English writer Aldous Huxley. About yogo "Beautiful New World" (1932), showcased twenty five vidan in a large overlay, close to two million primirniks, writing with us to finish a lot. Nagadamo only, in the unified suspension of the Maybut, the de panuє dictator Mustafa Monde, who nagadu the Great Inquisitor at Dostoevsky, people would be fenced off if it weren’t a spiritual life. Smell of creeping material blessings, you can enjoy the comfort, don't know any ailments, or fear of tomorrow's day ... If someone wants a secret to read Shakespeare chi Byron - you don't have a minute of hard brown.

Well, how can you respect the sacking "wonderful new world" by good people? Also, the stinks are found in special incubators - the same type of serіy, zdalegіd designations for singing suspension functions. Vishcha seria "alpha" vstoryuє elitu - people for management, lower seria "epsilon" - napividiotiv, who would be able to make a simple mechanical robot.

Qiu frowning dystopia can be blooming like a protest of a conservative English against the mighty breaking of the sidewalls and tradition, or to wind up like a protest against the emerging threat to fascism. Aleksei Huxley’s Evolution clearly showed that he was not afraid of the growth of a dictatorship of a fascist type and a socialist state. It is not for nothing that the dystopian novels on the offensive, especially "Mavpa and Day" (1947), were raised on the shield by the American reaction.

A. Morton, the author of the book "English Utopia" translated here, rightly declares that in his malicious attacks on Maybut George Orwell has turned Huxley himself. The axis is written by the English historian from the drive of Orwell's woeful novel "One Thousand and Nine Hundred and Sixty Quarters" (1949):

"We are known here with light, we will change between the three" communist "powers, so that we can be found in the country of uninterrupted destruction, permanent shortages, permanent purges and permanent slavery." The hero of the "book is pratsyu in the Ministry of Truth, why the zavdannya polyaga in that, how can you deceive the people without interruption, so that you can see in action, and when you see that you have passed such a rank, it’s unfortunate for you to stand up to the truth. of the new move - "subordinate rozmova", in which to invoke "clearly evil", so that the one who has the best effort to trade with politics at any given moment, is weary. before the same "state of evil", to shit on the part of love, or to endure the nasty deputy. In addition, since the victory of a human being is more normal, it is no longer possible to serve as a basis for individuality. "

Paradoxically, it’s a fact: the zhahi, lack of blindness and absurdity are gleaned from the bitter American, for good reason. Hiba, not in the United States, was the purge of the sovereign apparatus carried out prior to the opening of the Commission for the investigation of anti-American action? It’s not in the United States to get stuck with a “nonsense detector” when they’re finished drinking, but it’s not enough to catch a “nonsense,” - what is it like in Orwell’s novel ?!

In the prelude to literature, there is also a thought, a utopia and an anti-utopia - tse, in essence, one of those same phenomenon. All lie down from that, on a side on a new wonder. Anti-utopia is a whole utopia with the sign of "minus", a priceless passage to the ideal minds of life for all. [Morson 1991: 59] The dystopia is about quietly unsupported results, up to which one can lead to a healthy utopia, oskilki, as showing the history, the creation of "heaven on earth" is unfortunate. Utopia and dystopia cannot but be torn apart. Їх is a genetic, genetic dispute between transmissions and transmissions of each other. Everything that can be known in the dystopia of the static, descriptive, didactic - as a dystopia.

N. Berdyayev in his book "New middle" means the cause of the dystopia genre: "... utopia appeared more and more healthy, but did not go earlier. And now it will be painful to eat, as to eliminate the residual health ... Life will collapse to utopias. I see, perhaps, a new century of the world of intellectual and cultural sphere about those, like uniqueness of utopias, like turning to a non-utopian suspension, to a lesser "thorough" and more vilny suspension ". [Berdyaev 1990: 119]

The dystopian novel does not start to be transformed into other genres, as a result of which terms are stagnant for creatures that are not in the minds of a genre, for example, "The Lord of the Flies" by Goldinga U., "The Lord of the Flies" by A. etc. [Morson 1991: 56] It's a pity that the typology of the anti-utopia genre has not yet been broken up in the literature on this day. The works of E. Zamyatin and O. Haxley can be called the buttresses of the classic anti-utopian novel.

Moreover, the literary acts, A. West, for example, reveal the similarity of the anti-utopia to the genre of the English "gothic" novel. The names of the past meanings, like Orwell's novel "1984", for all its realism, includes a description of the irrational, immodest fear characteristic of the "gothic" creatures. Z A. West weather J. Woodcock.

all scientific robots Dedicated to the genre of a dystopian novel can be used in two great groups because of the fact from which point of view the creation is viewed. Smell either be introduced into the literary context, that is, viewed from the point of view of psychology, sociology and politics; For vivchayutsya in the literary context, that is, looking from the point of view of stylistics as literary create. The first point of view is more popular, because in an hour after the moment of the formalization of the whole literary genre in special literature, there is also a trend of shukati tendencies in the minds, which is depicted in the novel, by the facts and by the facts and by the facts. [Morson 1991: 61]

To achieve the goals set by the anti-utopian novel, the authors traditionally vikoristovuet a number of priyomy. As a rule, a dystopian novel is an image of a totalitarian regime that is governed by a ruler. All the inhabitants of the state without any reserve surrender to the power of power (to the Great Brother, Ford, Chief Governor, Machine, Beneficiary, Dragon, etc.); [Lyubimova 2001: 137] The greatest value in such a state is stability:

“Stability,” the Chief Executive said, “stiffness, efficiency. Without a stable suspension of unmistakable civilization. And a stable suspension is immeasurable without a stable member of the suspension. " O. Huxley. "Lovely Novy Svit».

“Those scho vi have gotten into the viclikati of the dragon pan, - unhappiness. Put the boules in order. Pan the dragon with his incessant trimming in the hands of my father-in-law, a naughty man, and the whole gang, which will be made up of merchants-boroshnomels. Now everything is out of the rogue. Pan the dragon will be ready to fight and leave the city administration, in the case of the winners, if you want to know "E. Schwartz. "The Dragon" ..

Slid of crescendo, as if the power to appear as if you were closed, if you were isolated from the world (E. Burgess “zhadaє nasinnya”; E. Zamyatin “Mi”), for the whole world lives behind the laws of dystopia (EM Forster “Machine , O. Huxley "Beautiful new light!", J. Orwell "1984"). [Lazarenko 1997: Dodati 13] In the whole state, as the rule is to vikoristovuyutsya his language. Every time the population has a vocabulary stock of words to describe the realities of the whole state: self-stop, speech, rabden, ectogenesis, etc.

For a dystopian suspension of the characteristics of people on the caste. For example, in Orwell's novel "1984" I lower the caste of the sorts of things that cannot be nailed for people. O. Huxley's novel "Beautiful new light!" alfi є vishoy caste, followed by beti, delta; I lower the caste to store Epsilon. The skin caste has its own singing color uniform.

Utopian misinterpretation is especially characteristic of writers in the revolutionary warehouse, in the center of which there is a new model of the suspension, the state. Anti-utopian Romani, as a rule, befitting the authors, for those who artistic doslіdzhennya became the psychology of people. [Berdyaev 1991: 106] The peculiarities of the dystopian power impose a video card on the system of images of the dystopian novel. Three main types of characters in this genre є: hero-tyrant, hero-rebel and hero-victim. As a rule, the hero-victim of the evolution into the hero of the rebel. The rebellion of the hero can be seen, as the hero (hero) comes from the first light (Dikun from O. Haxley in the novel "About the miraculous new light!"), Zamyatina in the novel "Mi" is a schodennyk who smokes cigarettes and lives alcohol). [Lazarenko 1997: Dodati 42]

The motive of "revived creativity" appears to be productive in the anti-utopia of the Velma. The way, which is described in the hero's manuscript, becomes “super-real” for the creation as a whole. The act of creativity of the hero is a notification over the other characters. The beast to verbal creativity is not just a plot-compositional movement. The manuscript manifests itself as a suspicion of a hero, moreover, as a suspicion of suspicion in a hero.

It is unlikely that one can vvvazati vypadkovim those surroundings, how often a characteristic, "typical" representative of a bitter dystopian generation appears in a dystopia. Before the message of accelerated light, a terrible message about the ignorance of the philosophical manifestation about the light to the dogmas of "One of the best" ideology has become the main sponical motive for this rebellion, and it is not meaningful, that the hero of the color is guilty.

A characteristic reception in the anti-utopian romance є quasinomination, the essence of which polarity is in the fact that appearances, objects, processes, people recognize new names (name). At the same time, the meaning of the new names does not take place with real objects, as they mean the stench. Also, changing the old manifestation of power, the new order of life is transferred to the new name. That one, who gave a new name, became at the time of nomination equal to God. With the butt of the quasinominatsii є the "great brother" of Orwell, in which the day of this family's witness is created. [Lyubimova 2001: 230]

Fantastic light of the Maybut, images in a dystopia, representations as very tragic. They respected the drowning, well, “Happily the people of the field are in the fact that they are all, then the dystopia will show that if you are too happy, you can only get lost in the out-of-the-box behavioral framework in which people are beaten by the power. It is noteworthy that the author of the utopians is looking at the ideal suspension from the position of a third-party sposter, the hero of the anti-utopia, as a rule, is a part of a great state machine, whose interests are ordered by the interests of the state. Conflict of the rebel hero of the opposition to the conflict-free utopia. [Begal 1989: 161]

Preschool children adore, with a free haircut anti-utopia є - anti-carnival. As the understanding is traditionally tied to the understanding of the smile and fun, then the dystopian power is a parody of the carnival, and that day becomes an absolute fear. The fear of the inhabiting power of people is seen, but not like a mustache, for the stench you will inevitably bear punishment. Fear of the dominion of the snake of people is put before her by the train. As soon as in a snazzy carnival, be it social partitions, the whole suspicious architecture collapses, as I grow up in the rights of "top" and "bottom", then in the pseudo-carnival of distance between people who are inevitably normal in working life. At the carnival, everyone is overwhelmed by the effort - in a pseudo-carnival, everyone is afraid of everything, everyone is afraid of one. [Lyubimova 2001: 235]

The ritualization of life is my special feature of the anti-utopian state. The everyday life of the giants of such a state is ordered by singing orders, rituals, but not admitting the necessary manifestation of innovation and specialness of the people. As a rule, a plot conflict for a dystopian novel will be repaired, if the specialness of being considered as participation in the ritual, prompted by the vibration of the power of life. The revolt of individuality and becomes a catalyst, which is the beginning of the development of the plot of the novel-dystopia. [Ibid: 236]

In the suspension-anti-utopia, people see themselves as part of a folding mechanism, which functions according to the laws. Specialist and intimate life appears practically in one way to manifest your "I". There is a reason for the eroticism of dystopias, which gives great respect to the sexual lives of heroes. In a dystopia, love is allowed, legal.

Also, the dystopia evolves from the utopia of its genre orientation to the specialty, to the specialty, to being born. The specialty in the anti-utopia depends on the vision of the middle. The main conflict of the anti-utopia of the Pole is in the conflict of the peculiarity of the social middle.

Deliver awesome allegorical anti-utopias. Naybilsh, for all intents and purposes, can be correlated with tales of alegories. At the warrior's creatures, there are personalities, such as human yakosti, wadi and garbage. The dystopia is based on the function of the images of creatures, however, it will add to the specific options, which are realized in the course of the plot of the story, the interest of quiet suspicious groups, they become familiar with the sharper parody of every type of house.

Having taken shape in the XX century, the genre of the anti-utopian novel will end up for the last hour in the literature of the USSR as an attribute of "bourgeois" literature, so that it can go beyond the norms of socialist suspension. However, the most state-of-the-art key moments of the suspicious-political life of the land have made the genre interesting. [Lazarenko 1997: Dodati 25]

Slid to mean that the root of the Russian dystopia is stitched in the same classic literature... For example, the polemic about the genre of utopia is used to sound in the fourth dream of Virya Pavlivnya from the novel by Chernishevsky, as well as the introduction of Raskolnikov in the episode "Malice and Kari" "Rivne right" vbivati, grabuvati, paliti, lead light to disaster. [Arsentieva 1993: 185]

The idea of ​​"primus eagerness" in the city of rock is satirically reappraisal of Saltikov-Schedrin in the "History of one place", de facto the evil image of Gloom-Burcheyev, nasadzhu "progress", do not shy with any kind of natural methods, wrong the landscape, and the "irregularities" of the human soul. A symbolic viraz of its transformation will not be a quaint garden, but a wilderness, a prison and a soldier's overcoat, which hung over the light to replace the sky, more in the world of realizing a utopia to transform to its own precondition. [Ibid: 187]

The first work of the Russian literature, in which the pictorial genre has become very significant, has become a novel by Eugen Zamyatin "Mi", written in 1920. English translation in 1924 r, ale in Russian to navit emigratsia read yogo in New York vidanni lish in 1952 r In Russia, the reader legally got rid of the fences in 1988. This project was overwhelmed by the critic's gostrum, all the ideological signs, by means of such a bullet, formulated in a negative way before the novel. [Davidova 2000]

Himself Є. Zamyatin bachiv his novel in a literary, not an ideological context. So, in 1923, he included it in a series of bitter fiction - "philosophical, social, mystical" at the same time with the creators of their own spirits and friends. [Jan 2003: Dodati 229]

With his novel "Mi" (1920) Zamyatin poklavok new, anti-utopian tradition in the culture of the twentieth century. It is a real center, to which everything in romance can be drawn together, є the problems of freedom and happiness and social relations in the power of the state and the interests of the collective and specialties.

Diya in romance has been moved to distant Maybut. The end of the Great Two-Hundred Years Viyini in the city and in the village people violated the problem of hunger - bulo vinadeno naphtha. At the same time, only 0.2 population was seen earthly coo... Both people and became the giants of the One Power. "Pobudova" with such a rank of hunger, the state "led the offensive against the іnsh power of light - against Love". The historical "Lex sexualis" (sexual law) is booming: "Every one of numbers has a right, like a sexual product, for any number." Dali - to the right of the technology. For the numbers, we began to start a report of sexual days, and then to see a coupon for a book. About “finding peaks in human history” - the life of the One State - a talent engineer D-503, a provincial friend for landmarks. Winning in his own friend the special features of the politics, culture of one State, characteristic of the new relationship between people. D-503 does not prikhovuti і go to a special life - a coupon match with a "sweet 0-90", friendship with the poet P-13, love for the revolutionary I-330, and became a warning for a rapt ailment - a win in a new soul. On the cob to the novel D-503 - a hedgehog of traditional glances. Then, in the infusion of knowledge with the revolutionary I-330 and love, to some extent, to change in your eyes.

In the first days of the novel D-503, we will be the apologist of the One State and we will drown the Blagodinik with the shanuvalnik. Loss of notification, wake-up call of bringing the principle of equality to the point of absurdity in the state: all the "numbers" are the same, live in the same booths, may not have a sexual right, etc. They do not have one to one for being awkward. It is necessary to note that the author's position is seen from the point of view of D-503, and the more that one wants to use the “number” way of living, the more terrifying it is to create painted pictures. Those who give notifications are worthy, but for the best they are hungry for the same thing in the life of "numbers". Tse manifests itself on the promenade: "Mi yshli so, like zavzhdi, so like, like images of war on Assyrian memorials: a thousand heads - two angry, integral legs, two integral, swinging, arms." It can be seen at the beginning of the hour of the choric vibrations of the head of the State, the result of such revisions in the past: "The history of one State does not know the difference, but in a whole day, one voice would like to destroy the clean-cut unison."

In mirkuvannyah D-503 about "vibors among the ancients", as a criticism for their lack of heart, lack of organization, open up behind the principle of "see the opposite" position of the author. It’s clear that it’s because of the hero’s choice that you are so democratic that you’re allowed to take part in them because of your political sympathy. Those who see on the Day of One-Voice is a parody of a vibori, as a candidate for the post of head of state is always the same and the same - the Blagodinik.

In the scene of vibrations, one more particularity of the One State can be seen. In words, the people's leader was voiced in the new one, in the file there was the tyranny of the Benefactor and the Bureau of Zberigachiv. It is also not surprising that the form of the seizure of the sovereign power of this type in the form of possible encroachments on it is a stamina, a zberigach for others, the driving of an oyster.

Life "numbered", not being vilna, is built for the first glance to survive safely. But in reality, the stench is unhappy, so as the interest will increase the order of the interests of the State.

In the United States, it appears to be a zeal, collective one: “Mi” is from God, and “I” is from the devil. " The social function of the people is inflated in the whole of the suspension, there is no family, no home, like a place, and Volodya has a special cultural and spiritual atmosphere. The dystopian world saw the power of the booth, which was seen in the spirit of "My booth is my fortune." The mansions in the whole place are uncomfortable, as it is uncomfortable to see indiviualities and specialties. Life "numbered" is in the rooms of the supreme superiors. Tsі rooms in booths with clear-sighted walls fake klіtini-chambers, behind the sacks of which there is unimportant caution.

"Numer" does not know about love, hatred, jealousy. To replace the stench of love and know її surrogat - "Happiness" for birth coupons. As soon as you go to sleep and know how to make love, then you will not find yourself in a sickly camp, like it’s like Diyavolskiy Namova. All emotional and individual in the United State will be driven, so as a kind of element, as it is unfortunate to vrahuvati in a totalitarian suspension and victorious for the good.

The history of the Great Operation became terrifying to Zamyatina, an artistic sorcerer. A series of operations forcibly issued all the "numbers" for the fact that the insurrection of the members of the "Mephi" was broken, as they fought against the totalitarian regime. Before the hour of the operation, the "numbers" are exposed to fantasy - this is how the United State will insure itself securely against the repetition of revolutions and the most insecure manifestations of the great will of the people of the community. Zamyatin yaskravoo conveyed the quality of the process of change by the surgical path of human nature. The operations of the D-503 didn’t involve only the smilinous flow of thought, the residuals were seen from the winners in the new I-330 of the most recent ideas, the winners and their noble qualities, and the individuals likened to them. Do not get lost, now in the Guardians' Bureau and report on the rebels. Proudly sitting on a bench iz Blagodiynik, baiduzhe marvel at how to ride I-330. Now D-503 has transformed itself from the people of the misleading into the people of the kerovan, "the hateful" whopper of the One State. So they knew the terrible materialization of the words of the Benefactor about paradise yak about the place, de-perebuyut blessed, relieved the bazhan people with operatic fantasies.

So it is pitiless, like a human nature, to change in the United States and in the natural middle-class - it is strong, so it consumes its organicity. It is characteristic that the story of the novel is seen in the main in the world, in which there is a dumb nature. It is true that, across the expanse of the place of Stini, there is a lot of natural light, ale and a little bit of natural lightness. In the midst of the dumb bird noise, the lively greyhounds of the sleepyheads, the pieceiness, the rational principle of planning, is in the new. The streets and squares are geometrical lines, with some “square harmony” wineries. In tsyu "square harmony", the zvnіshny viglyad of the Benevolent and the great people of the single State fit in: in the outlines of the individuals of the Benevolent - square lines, the heads sit in the Auditorium in "circular rows" of the big people, - "curved lines". "The development of a collective portrait of heroes to a dystopian novel behind an additional geometric terminology is an innovative, revealing satirical technique of Zamyatin", - B. Lanin

Booths in the United State were prompted by insightful materials. Zamyatin's vision is to tell about the invasion of one State in a special life. In the buddies, in those who live the heroes of the novel "Mi", everything is broken down: windows, walls and furniture. I only in the development of the "specialty" the year of the bedroom is re-imagined in the "opaque clientele of lowered curtains - the clit of rhythmic taylorized happiness".

The transparency-non-transparency of the old age in the anti-utopia of Zamyatin in an important visual category and in the way of characterizing the heroes. Signs of opacity will be rendered positive by the author's assessment, will be transformed into the ultimate symbol of the nation, freedom. "Opacity is synonymic in dystopias of uniqueness and unpredictability of the soul." The axis of the opacity is one of the repetitive rice of the external and internal vigle I-330. Behind the "downward-looking curtains" of the haunts internal light heroines, like є on vіdminu from the big "numbers" tsіkava і strong specialty.

The technocratic totalized place-power is prototyped in the romance behind the Wall. there nature is alive, Chaotic і wild (sun, light in the ancient sights, the building D-503 "wild"), inhabited by "natural people". There live on sites quietly nebagatokh, hto pishov wrote dvokhsotrіchnoi vіyni in foxes. On the basis of the inhabitants of the dystopian place, for the light and behavior of the characteristic racialism and programmed, "lisov" people take light in an emotional way. In the life of "natural people" є freedom і "organics" - zlittya z natural light, What the "numbers" are added to. But all the same, їkh human nature itself is so incomplete, as і the nature of "numbers": "foolish people" are alien to the scientific mind, their suspension is at the primitive stage of development.

On the mind of utopias, in the jokes of a vile and, even, on the thought of a writer, of a happy suspension, Zamyatin has turned to a long past historical era, and not fantasized about those who will be in the distant maybut. There is a wide variety of utopias.

In the Zamyatyn dystopia of the midst of those who are overwhelmed in them, how to imagine the marionettes of the characters and the heroes, they harmoniously included in their specialties the emotional and intellectual dim light, the joy, the nature of the mischief The stench took over everything more beautifully, in power of the light of civilization and nature. Such I-330, the image of which is given in close-up, and the same thinkers and comrades-in-arms in fighting. The stench is its own for the "fox people". Feeling the freedom of the I-330, and of the same-thinking revolutionaries from the "tame" people of the Zamyatinsky svitu. In addition, I-330 is a philosopher, an ideologist, intellectually priming natural for people to be pragmatic to freedom. I-330 vimagaє for people the right to rob their own share right up to the right they are not happy. Hell for her and the same thinkers - if you forcibly lead to paradise, everybody is happy in the same way. The theme of freedom and struggle for it is one of the main themes of the novel.

The idea of ​​a zealous rationality, straightforwardly vitlumachena, as shown by E. Zamyatin, leads not forward, but backward - to an intellectual growth, to a primordial communism, to the knowledge of people as a special plan in the spiritual, but in a spiritual sense. People are being transformed into "numbers", like dozens of people. [Ibid.]

In the novel "Mi", the pride of a closed place is designated by the time, that an indiscriminate light behind the style has become a fence for the "numbers", the viconavts of the will of one State. Integral, who is guilty of being guilty of being able to change the power of the State, technology over people, not being viconious. The light behind the wall of the state-power without losing its common sense of non-repetition and non-transfer. To create such a natural pidsumku to produce an unflagging logic of a straight line, the logic of a totalitarian state, as if it were ideology, they would not help. Not a lyudin, but a "number", the addition of the sky above the head, beautiful in its non-transmission of light behind the Wall is the meta of a single State. Three "numbers" are made up of the army and NATO, for the "numbers" the idea is more important than life, since aesthetics drive in spirit not only to people, but to all living things. Only lyudin can stand up to the zahalnogo-power of the blame "I". In such a rank, the novel "Mi" is a yaskraviy, artistic completion of the protest against the transformation of the people into a "number", merged by the power, only you should have a share. [Lapin 1993: 133]

Negative aspects of action, described authentically and talentedly, to reveal an active charge of humanity and spirituality, spontaneously look at the way of life. So start in the Russian classical literature. [August 2003: Dodati 319]

Pidvodyachi pidsumok, slid say, what about the novel "Mi" Є. Zamyatina is one of the classic anti-utopian novels in the Russian literary tradition. Vіn vіliv in soі bіlshіst genre signs and witnessing actual criticism daily suspension I will transform people into a faceless masu.

Dystopia abo dystopia (English Dystopia, words like dysfunction - "dysfunction", i utopia) is a genre in artistic literature that describes the ... Anti-utopia є by the main anti-utopia of utopia.

First, the word "dystopian" (dystopian) as the prototype of "utopian" (utopian) alive English philosopher and economist John Stuart Mille in 1868 rotsi. The very same term "anti-utopia" (English Dystopia) as the name of the literary genre was introduced by Glenn Neglia and Max Patrick in their folded anthology of utopias "The Quest for Utopia" (The Quest for Utopia, 1952).

In the mid-1960s, the term “anti-utopia” appeared in Radiansk, and in the beginning - in English criticism. Є dumka, scho eng. anti-utopia і eng. dystopia - synonyms. It is also a point of view (like in Russia, as well as beyond the cordon), developing dystopia and dystopia. Apparently before her, at that hour, as the dispensation is the "overcoming of the forces of the rosum over the forces of good", it is an absolute antithesis of utopia, anti-utopia is not entirely transgressed to the principle of utopia, which represents more steps of freedom. Protest, the term "anti-utopia" of broadenings is wider and more inclined to rely on respect in the meaning of dystopia.

Dystopian visions of utopia

Dystopia is a logical development of utopia and formally it can also be brought directly to the end. However, although it is a classic utopia to concentrate on demonstrating positive rice described in the creation of a suspension, then anti-utopia is pragmatic and negative. An important feature of the utopia is static, at that time, as for the dystopia, it is characteristic to try to see the possibilities of developing the descriptions of social attachments (as a rule, in the direction of the growth of negative tendencies, but not too often to lead to crises). In such a rank, anti-utopia pratsyuє evoke more foldable social models.

With the Radiansky literary knowledge, the anti-utopia was lost as a whole negatively. For example, in the "Philosophical Dictionary" (4th ed., 1981) in the article "Utopia and Dystopia" it says: "In a dystopia, as a rule, the crisis of historical hope swirls around, to get naked without a glare, to fight for a revolution; science and technology are not looking like power global problems, Induce a fair social order, and as more culture than the reluctant people. " Such a pidhid was rich in what Tim dictated, that the Radianska philosophy took the social reality of the CPSR as not like a realized utopia, it’s like a suspension, but Volodya's theory of conquering the ideal harmony. To that, whether it was a dystopia, it inevitably fell asleep in the correctness of the theory, which at that hour entered into an unacceptable point of view. Anti-utopias, as they felt the negativity of the development of capitalist suspension, navpaki, all the way they were, however, the anti-utopias of their names are unique, the nature of the given is more modern genre of value"The novel-poperezhennya" or "social fantasy". Itself on such an ideologicalized Duma is based on the designation of the anti-utopia given by Kostyantin Mzareulov in the book “Science Fiction. Secondary course ":" ... utopia and dystopia: ideal communism and guinea capitalism in the first place change to communal heat and bourgeois prosperity in another. "

After the thesis about the idea of ​​a "reactionary" anti-utopia and a "progressive" novel, Eugene Brandis and Volodymyr Dmitrevsky were smashed after the last thesis. Likewise, they were accepted by many critics. However, such an infused historian of fiction, like Yuliy Kagarlitsky, doesn’t accept such an idea, and it’s about Oruell, as well as about Zamyatin and Huxley, writing in a completely neutral and objective manner. The great sociologist and party official (at that hour, the assistant to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the assistant to the secretary general) Georgy Shakhnazarov stayed with him for 10 years.

Roman Evgeniya Zamyatin "Mi" written in 1921 rotsi. It’s a folding hour, and that, melodiously, the tvir was written in the unwitting genre of "utopian books", fashionable in the whole period. In the life and creativity of E. Zamyatin, the novel "Mi" played an important role. On the right, the novel has not been published in Russia. I saw it both in my language and in English. Only in 1988, Russian readers rejected the opportunity to read Zamyatin's novel. Above the tsim novel, win pratsyuvav in the rock of the Hromadyanskoy winnie.

Given the name of the novel "Mi", the author of the ideas of the collectives of the greatest in Russia, at the same time the value of the specialties was reduced to a minimum. Mabut, out of fear for the share of Batkivshchyna, Zamyatin transferred his romance to Russia a thousand years ahead. The provincial theme of this novel is a dramatic share of specialness in the minds of a totalitarian suspension. The novel "Mi" was written in the form of schodennikovs' records by one engineer, number D-503. The novel of Zamyatin has a clear perspective on the problems of human life.

The main problem is the buzz of people’s happiness. The very humor of happiness and the production of people to the present form, as depicted in the novel. Ale і such a form of zealous happiness appears to be incomplete, so as happiness is violated incubatorially, contrary to the laws organic development... Svit, the author's ideas, when he was ready, the valleys of the squads would be thorough and completely masterful of all the people who could live in a new one. Ale tse svit technocracy, de lyudin - the guintic of the majestic mechanizm. All the life of people in the whole world is ordered by mathematical laws and distribution by year. Lyudin's light is absolutely non-isolated substance. People here do not want to see the powerful names (D-503, 1-330, O-90, K-13). Building was b, tse life їkh vlashtovuє, the stench sounded to her, to її orders. The author, at my glance, I am clearly aware of life: all of them, and nothing, I don’t add one kind of one, dumb living and natural. Behind the wall of the One Power, the color of life will be revived. There are people living there who didn’t want a little happiness. Another problem for Mi is the problem of power. Zamyatin duzhe tsikavo writing a chapter about the Day of One-Voice, about the vibration of the Benefactor. Those who know how people like and do not think about those who vibrate at the village of the Benefactor, except for the Benevolent himself.

We are built to be smithe those who, among ancient people, the results of vibrations did not appear to be out of date. For them, the Benefactor is the God, who brings him to earth. The beneficiary is the only one, which is allowed to think. For a new understanding of love and hardiness, it’s not. Win suvoriy, unjust and repentant to the immeasurable trust of the inhabitants of the United State. The culmination of the novel by the protagonist D-503 from the Blagodiynik, who, according to this formula of happiness: "The fairness of algebraic love to people is not unmistakably unhuman, and not a sign of truth - and zhorstokist".

It’s enough that the author is introducing a revolutionary situation into the plot of the novel. There is a part of robots, as you don’t want to put up with your slave camp. Tsi people didn’t remake into guintics, didn’t lose human likeness, and they were ready to fight as a Benevolent, so that people’s enlightenment was ruled by the technocracy. The stench to whiryut want a space ship, vicoristovuyuchi D-503, buduelnik "Integral". At a time of 1-330, dumb, D-503 zakhozhuetsya і, having learned about їхні plans, with a chance to start, and then wait for help їm. Pislya vidvidin Old Budinka and combining with wildlife, the hero has a soul to fight with important ailments. As a result of the vibration Zelena Stina, and the sound "everything rushed and flooded our purifications into the lower world".

The woman of the protagonist in the Gas Bell is in love with the guinea's novel, and it’s because of the operatic imagination that I’m in love with the happy one. The novel "Mi" is easy to read and easy to read. The scribe has included in the new main problems that have been praised for yogo.

The author has transferred a step-by-step development to totalitarianism in society. "Mi" is a novel about the terrible inheritance from the powerful "I", about the most beautiful theories. Zamyatin showing how tragically and perniciously life of people can turn into such a totalitarian state.

"Utopia see it on the way more healthy, but not in the middle of it before.
And in front of us there is food, so tormenting us with its own inakshe:
how to uniknuti їх residual health? "
ON. Berdyaev

1. Become lost in the steel about the genre of dystopia, turn to the problematic novel, learn from the biography of the writer.
2. With the help of ІKT, develop imaginatively, creatively, injecting into emotion and respecting children.
3. Read it logically mislity, see the smut.
4. Razvivati ​​mova uchniv.
5. Vihovuvati patriotism.

Go to lesson

I. Reversal of homework.

1. Evidence of the chronological table based on the creativity of E. Zamyatin.
2. Vipisati is an oxymoron to the text of the novel.

II. By those and the lesson.

Meta: "Lost the steel about the genre of anti-utopia, take a look at the problem of the novel, learn from the biography of the writer. With the help of ICT, develop the imagery of the imagination, the creative mind, inject on the emoticon and the logical mind of the children. . "

word of the reader (In preschool: utopia, dystopia)

Written epigraph.

Now I guess, well, so utopia?

(On doshtsі) utopia(In. Gretz. ου - dumb i τοπος - mice, to be fair: mice, which is dumb) is a genre that is characterized by a flaring description of a huge, sovereign and private life of an explicit land, which is indicative of that ideal of social harmony. Utopia - mriya.

For food, for whom the philosopher N. Berdyayev has been preserved from the experience of the utopia, we will be seen in the lesson, if we are familiar with E. Zamyatin's novel "Mi".

The novel "Mi" was written in 1921-1922 rotsi. At the 1924th edition of the publishing house in New York on English... Forward Russian mova oversight in the same place in 1952 rotsi. In our country, in 1988, he was overruled in the magazine "Banner". The history of the novel is dramatic, like the history of the life of the author.

- How do you know about Evgen Ivanovich Zamyatin? (1884-1937 p.)

Tse one of the writers, as they took the revolution as a real share of the fatherland, but lost their vilny in their creativity, in the artistic evaluation of the story. Share Є. І. Zamyatina and Boris Pilnyak conveyed the tragedy of Pasternak, the ganebny trial of Yosip Brodsky, the hanging of A. Solzhenitsin.

Zamyatin was born in the Tambov province in the family of a priest, thus becoming a shipwright.

The spirit of wiping out Zamyatin into the party of bolsheviks, and since 1905, he took part in illegal robots, for the sake of giving him a job. At the rock of the first light of the day in England as an expert on the development of Krigolam for the Russian fleet, but at the spring of 1917, the rock is to turn to Russia.

In 1922, there were a number of publications, in which revolutions there were elements, like a ruinous buttya.

Jammed not getting up to the lavas of the miscarriage, ale hesitated with the bolsheviks, getting too hungry. Vin wrote: "I have a very uncomfortable ringtone - say not those who can be seen at a given moment, but those who make me believe in truth." Yogo the Drukuvati ceased, and in 1931 they left Batkivshchyna and wrote a special sheet to Stalin with news about extradition.

From 1931 to 1937 he lived in Paris, de and vmira.

- What is the subject of the image of E. Zamyatin in the novel "Mi"?

Far away, Maybut, XXVI century, would be a utopian state, de all people happy, "mathematically bezpomilkovyh happiness." In the United States of Civilization, technical progress, Highly blamed science of living by number. About his life we ​​talked about his life at the school's records, number D-503. I-330 wines, ale is one quiet, I want to launch the Integral in the first place, but the way of life is not broadened. A rebellion of strangulation, they numbered a little piece of brain, which is a sign of fantasy.

- For whom does the image appear far away?

E. Zamyatina to identify problems in relation to the particularity of the state, individuality and the collective. Win forecast for the development of human suspension. "Mi" is not a world, but a reconversion of the capacity of the world, not a utopia, but dystopia.

Dystopia - the image of the perpetual, biting inheritance of the childish kind of social experiments, connected with the motivation of the suspension, which is indicative of that ideal.

The genre of anti-utopia nabuvak the status of the forecast, "the novel - the reward."

III. The robot behind the zm_st and analysis of the novel.

- Why can we call E. Zamyatin's novel a dystopian, or a novel — reversals?

The historical path of the people is not straightforward, it is important to catch its action directly. Zamyatin tried to quilt the path of the history of 1917, which led to a single state. I substitute a humane, happy suspension, about what kind of death generation, soulless, barracks mode, in what kind of zneosollenie "number" "integrated" in the ear and passive "mi", in the benefits of inanimate mechanism.

- Yak vi rosumite name the novel?

"Mi" is one power, two cups of tereziv: for one - power, for one - specialness. "Mi" - the tse of Edin Power, a new state of mind, a new order of life, of how it works on the first schools.

- Who is the essence of this svitoporodu?

1. In the whole state, "mi" and "me" are on the small shalks of tereziv, the stench is opposed to one to one.
2. Powers are rights, and "I" - obligations. Power, "mi" - meta, "I", lyudin - welcome to change meti.
3. So I am leading to a general devaluation of specialties: a gram cannot be increased by a ton, that needs to be seen in a million part of a ton to be established in a state. There are no people in the bottom, є "numbers".

- How did it become, how did the power and specialty become antagonists in their own interests?

A new order of things was established for the whole two rockets of power in their own people, in the world and in the countryside. I saw 0.2 inhabitants.

- At what idea has a new order emerged?

On the idea of ​​violence, humiliation, blame. Bilya yogo turns hromadyanska vіyna.

- How much more developed the idea of ​​violence, laid down in the basis of a single state, has been transformed into romance?

The idea of ​​violence rejected the development in the system of artistic images. The very policy of the Benefactor will be on violence, to stand on the number of powers. Bureau of Custodians is a police system. Godinna Tablet - "the heart and the pulse of one state". Zelena Stina is a non-corrosive border.

The hand is important, the hand of the Benefactor is majestic.

- What is the difference between people and power?

The unnaturalness, the pieceiness of the oxymoron, vikoristovuvani in the novel:

- wild camp freedom,
- the gracious yoke of the rose,
- mathematically bezpomilkovo happiness,
- our borg - zmusiti їkh be happy,
- do not smudge the gods of the individual's dummy,
- nayvazhcha and visoka love - the price of horror,
- natchnennya - an unacceptable form of epilepsy,
- the soul is important.

- What kind of episode can you show the Benefactor?

D-503 Discussion about the Day of One-Voice - Vibori of the Benefactor. The ritual is the result of every kind of vision, but everything comes to demonstrate one-sidedness.

- Yakim post the image of the Benefactor? What about the detachments of the order?

The Bureau of Custodians D-503 was sorted from the Inquisition of the Ancient. They have a є operation with the famous gas dial tone (For some reason tortur)... Thoroughly є an operation on attaching a child to a brain, which is based on fantasies. The Guardians Bureau is a straining and repressive apparatus, which allows you to use the Blagodinik's power.

- Derzhavna Gazeta, like be-like propaganda for the form:

1) New ideology.

1. Ideology of ideal unfreedom, our lack of freedom is our happiness

2) New morality.

1. Everyone lives in small booths (you can close the curtains for 2 years), the right to lie down to yourself.
2. The basis of communication between "numbers" is spying, denunciations, zrada, a system for looking at everything.
3. Love is deprived of the physiological function, family is not, so that the child needs to be called by the State, then the child is sent to the state.
4. "Numer" D-503 sees two things in mind: a hand to one State and a pass over one State.

3) New beauty, new beauty.

1. The music is ideal for freedom and the march.
2. Painting, architecture, graphics have a straight line.
3. At the Poezia - it's not the nightingale of trill, but the service (it is punished to do about the beauty and the greatness of one State to write to all)

- What will the plot be on? What kind of conflict will there be a bigger show?

Zitknennya of one State, his interest in people, in light and his interest. One Power and numbers.

The main character is D-503. On the ear of my bachimo, the flesh of the flesh of a single state, in a new order, in life for a new non-Myslim, in not getting tired of wishing in wisdom. Ale win zakokhuєtsya and with him vіdbuvajutsya snakes. With a handful of wins, it’s not a matter of mind, which began and the temptations began to turn to the lykar, which is to say that D-503 had a soul. That hero himself sees that from the number he is shaped like a specialness, becomes a human being.

- Has it become a dzherel tsikh zmin?

Cohannia. On the thought of E. Zamyatina, love is good for the skin of us to kill people, that becomes intelligent, and sexual freedom is a crisis of life, power, specialness, spiritual ties, family, virginity of people. Lyubov inspired memory, yak, to the thought of Zamyatina, it is good to grow people.

- Create two stages in a novel:

1. The introduction of an old-fashioned booth: razdratovaniyu, zakokhaniyu, now the light is changing to the beautiful, the hero punching the sun and the grass.
2. I-330 Veda hero for the green wall, decease people live. Vdvlyayuchis in them, the hero of the beast, I respect on my hand and the mind, that is a part of nature. Through love and memory of the vine, the image of the mother, like a buv bi dorig yak shmatok її powerful human function.

- Yak E. Zamyatin will show you the process of awakening people?

The process is big, but the hero does not get away with it. “I don’t want a mess,” say D-503. For a new chain, there is a single chance to become a human being and to experience all the torments and joy of the human boot.

- What about the final novel?

Єdina Power is well known for overpowering people:
Riots to ride, roam operations, including D-503. I know, having re-worked in the number and the baiduzh spostering, how to ride like a beautiful woman, I do not see any emotions and feelings.

- What novel have you seen?

- How about a novel of dressings with happiness?

- What about the actual improvement of E. Zamyatin this year?

Not vipadkovo and current novel "Mi" is topical. Depend on the possibility of turning to a totalitarian regime. We are guilty of memory, to whom I can lead.

IV. Pidsumok lesson.

To write in the zoshit visnovka:

1. That kind of order, the principle, like E. Zamyatin, having played twenty fate, is estimated as a totalitarian regime, the basis for violence, oppression, and the general order. Having prophesied, wrestling with the whole system will be even more important.
2. The writing-book has been built up, since it has become strong, it has been built up. The stench is not evil, I wish they were aware of the strikes, and it inspires hope.
3. People live behind the Green Wall, go there and O-90, not being a child in their own way, as they will be born as a people, even in that hour D-503 іm і Buv.

The inevitability of opposing instills hope in the reader, but life is trivial, unbearable to the human being in the reader and the reader in the head: totalitarianism and life, totalitarianism and people are insane.

V. Homework.

Food Advice:

1. Why did M. Berdyayev keep track of the health of the utopia?
2. Rise of the place from the fourth dream of Viri Pavlivnya (the novel "What robiti?" By A.G. Chernishevsky) and the place of the novel "Mi" by E. Zamyatin. Zrobiti baby.
3. Is it "guessed" by E. Zamyatin in the novel?
4. Why did E. Zamyatin choose the shape of a hero's mate for his novel?
5. Why did the genre of anti-utopia become popular in the XX century?
6. Yak іnshi singers and writers in the rock of the beginning of the novel "Mi" put food about a person and a collective? (O. Blok, V. Mayakovsky and іn.)
7. Why can we wait with D. Furmanov, why "hush-up is not a bad thing"?