Basic types of folklore. Peculiarities of selection and preservation of usny folk artistic creativity in Russia

The word "folklore", which is often used to mean "sleep Folk creativity" English words: Folk - "people" and lore - "wisdom". Yak і literature, folklore is created in epic, lyrical and dramatic. Bilini, legends, Kazakhs, historical paintings are introduced to the common genres. To lyrical genres, one can bring love, wedding, koliskov pictures, funeral voices. Until dramatic - folk dramas (with Petrushka, for example). With cobbled and dramatic whistles in Russia, rituals іgri boules: spend Winter and Spring events, in detail broken down ceremonies and ceremonies. A slid of memory and about small genres of folklore - parts, orders, etc.

Childish folklore... Tse the understanding in the world is brought up to quiet creatures, which are mature enough for children. In addition, here you go create, folded by the children themselves, and also passed to children from sleepy creativity matured. Tobto structure childish folklore there is no way to see the structure of a child's literature. Bagato genre is tied in a row, in the way the life of the elders is depicted, for that there is a representation of the moral attitudes of the people, their national rice, and especially the state's spirituality. In the system of genres of childish folklore, there is a special place for "poeziya plekannya", or "maternal poeziya". There are koliskovs, pisni, pestushki, pisni, baits, kazki and pisni, wings for the little ones.

big create great childish folklore - song, bilina, kazka.

Russian folk paintings play a great role in the formulation of musical hearing, relish before the journey, love for nature, before old earth... The childish middle-class has a song for a long time. The childish folklore has gone away and the songs have gone from the mature folk creativity - call the children accustomed to their own age. Є pisnі rituals ("And my millet sіyali, sіyali ..."), historical (for example, about Stepan Razin and Pugachov), lyric. At our hour, the lads have a bowl of singing not folklore styles, but copyrighted ones. Є In the bitter repertoire and songs, they have long lost their authorship and naturally drawn into the element of the folk art.

Bilini. Tse heroic epos to the people. Vіn maє is a great value in vikhovanna love before the old history. In the Bilinas, they start to talk about the struggle of two beginnings - good and evil - and about the lawful overcoming of good. Nayvidomish bilinin heroes - Ilya Muromets. Dobrinya Mikitich and Alosha Popovich - є in zbіrnyi images, in what vіdbitі rice real people, Chi life and feats became the basis of heroic reports - bilin (from the word "bouvalshina"), or ancient. Bilini - a grand opening folk art... The power of the artist's intelligence does not so often rotate in a fantastic vision. Realities have long been intertwined in them with mythological images and motives. Hyperbole is one of the guesses in the biline notification. Wonderfulness is given to the characters, and to the artist's fantastical deeds - to the artist.

Kazki. The stench was in the early hours. The tales of the Kazoks will be widened to the widening of the deserted in Russia, they loved both children and grown-ups. At Kaztsi, truth and goodness triumphantly. The Cossack was on the side of the screams and the fit, just wouldn't tell. I’ll show you on purpose, de pass correctly life people, in which both happiness and unhappiness, how to pay for pardons and why people come from animals and birds.

In Kaztsi for children there is a special charm, the caches of the ancient world are displayed. The stench to know in the Kazak notification is independent, without explanation, it is even more valuable for oneself, it is necessary for the development of їх evidence. uyavny, fantastic light to appear in images real light in head yoga basics. Kazkova, the picture of life is unimaginable to the little one and the ability to cope with reality, with rationality, in which he knows himself, his homeland, people close to him. The Kazka gravitates to the thought, which is evil in any kind of punishment.

For children, it is not important that the hero of the Kazka is a lyudin, a creature or a tree. Importantly іnshe: yak vіn to itself, yaky wіn - beautiful and good or indulgent and evil. The Cossack will get ready to see the child appreciate the hero's head and not give up to the psychological acceleration. Most often the character has one thing: the fox is cunning, the witness is strong, Ivan is the fool of the happy, and the role of the tsarevich is fearless. Characters in kaztsi contrasting, which is the beginning of the plot: I’m trying, smart little sister Olenka buli, not hearing a little brother Ivanko, drinking a drive from a goat’s copy and becoming a goat, - brought yogo viruchati; evil machuha will step against the good stepchka ... So the winners are lantsyug diy i divovizhnikh kazkov podiy. The Kazka will follow the principle of lantsyug composition, which includes, as a rule, three times repeat. Inodi repetition of the dialogue form; Todi children, as the stench of playing the kazka, is easier to overturn in the heroes. Often times, the Kazka is to take revenge on the little ones, on the hooks, and on the children to remember them in the first place.

Kazka maє vlasnu mova - laconic, fluffy, rhythmic. Zavdyaki movi turn out to be a special fantastic light. For the theme and style of the Kazka, you can divide it into a number of groups, or even call the old ones see three great groups: Kazki about tvarin, enchanting kazki and pobutov (satirical).

Narodnaya kazka i myf

Svitovi turns of childish literature: archaic civilization, the era of antiquity, the early stages of development of light religions, light folklore. Mesopotamsk tsiv-ia-originated writing in 3 yew. BC boules known "school" plates, newcomers, Plates with the right for a breakdown of knowledge (mathematics, mova, jurisprudence).

At a number of children and children reading and writing in the Sumerian-Akkadian "Epos about Gilgamesh"., 2-3 yew. BC The first Russian transition was Gumilov. Voskoboynikov in 1997 wrote the story "Blisky Gilgamesh" for the child. Tsei tvir is stored from 12 "pisen", the last of the messages is 12 signs to the zodiac. Plot motives: Gilgamesh, stretching into the skin of the left that was driven in by him, dole the heavenly beak, to know the note of all youth, drive in the snake, which settled on the trees in the tavern garden, I will take away the sacred objects from the earthly light. Similar to Hercules.

The myth about the Divine child was formed in ancient cultures in order with the myths about the Mother, about the Father, about the Holy Trees, about the origin of the light. Він enter the system of mythological phenomena native peoples... With the mythology of the Divine child, the plot and the motives of the child's folklore and childish literature are tightly tied. The image of a child is not a miracle, the main function of the central hero is a miracle. The mythologema of the Divine child has a number of structure-creating motives, the skin of which is seen in the representation of the child's literature. Narodzhennya Ditin is not eagerly confronted by the unhappy family, the couple is experiencing inactivity, like Samson's father according to the Old Commandment. The Divine Child beckoning to the little heroes, increasing the scale of his image (in the history of Moses, for example), The Divine Child can not see physically, that he is beautiful, and that he is beautiful. For example, the story about the wonderful people of Samson, who is a strong man, all the strength of which was in his hair. Buli is also child-prophets, maybutny supporters of the light, for example, the prophet Muhammad. Ditina, who is to tell about a miracle, how to bash a divine reader into his friend, is another structuring element of poetics, children of literature. The dignity of Hercules, Alex the Macedonian, Divi Marya, Jesus Christ is depicted as the era of the first miraculous deeds. Chimala of miracles ztsіlennya: one dot ztsіlyu Іsus foot of a junky-woodcutter. Otzhe, the foundations of Adet lit-ri is the image of a child who can create a miracle. The plot of children literature is abundant in what is stored in "dobrich help". In ancient texts, the child of images in the system of prototypes, conflations: child-father, child-іnshі child, child-reader.

The order of the characters-children є і "undivine" children. For example, an old-fashioned story about twins Іsava and Yakov, one who is right on the right side of a zvirolov, who is a “man’s designation” for a lag, to be a practitioner and a lyric. Comic and dramatic blows: Chuk and Gek at Gaidar, Tom Soyur and Gek Finn and Twain.

Long-standing and long-standing schools. Phlegon of Trallsky, Rome author, 2nd century AD zbirnik " divovizhnі іstorії", In the cycle of history there are fantastic things and primaries; skidna Charivna Kazka be surrounded by the elements of mysticism, fantasy.

Antique civilization has deprived the territories of the roman empire. cultural decline, Yogo has turned to a rich capital, since the independent national culture has not been formulated. With the advent of Christianity, there were changes in the suspension, the authority of the ancient classics ceased to be unreported, and folklore did not give any feedback on the new diet.

(3 lectures). First, the knowledge of the child with the myth is through the church service. Myth-talk about gods and heroes of ancient times. The cult of nature and ancestors is the right point for the formation of myths. The grain of the myth is the archetype, as knowledge is laid in us. Myths are: astral (about zirok), calendar, anthropogonic (about the history and walking of people), totemic (myth about the sportiveness of people with the objects of wildlife), eschatological sights (myth about the end). Christ the myth appeared to himself in prose: the reexamination of the sacred writings for children, in the literary Kazts, and the introduction of the language and the Christ myths; in genre Christmas announcement... Great history, in the plots of fantasy.

Childish literature in RussiaXV-XVIII centuries

The entire history of the old Russian childish literature can be extended by stretching the litas for a period of time:

1) the other half of the XV - the first half of the XVI century, if the first creative works appeared;

2) another half of the 16th century - an ear of the 17th century, if 15 books for children have been seen;

3) 20-40-i pp. XVII century, if you have to repent regularly virshik;

4) the other half of the 17th century - the period of musical genres and types of childish literature.

Great development in the 17th century. I will take away the journey. In the midst of that hour, addressed to children, boules, from a bit of a point of view, to be primitive. Ale the same, the child poezіya resumed from them.

Ridkisna child is handwritten or the book was handled without revisions. It was especially rich in the other half of the 17th century. The rules of behavior have been changed, and there have been some changes about the house. Most of the announcements. However, the acts of authorization have already been established as well. A closest childish poet in Russia, followed by the assistants of the Moscow drukovy court Savatii. Help for the zmist, literacy of the book. To this, the most important people were appointed. In a given hour, there are more than ten verses of Savatie, written by him specifically for children. Among them is the first versh in the bottom of the Moscow friend, placed in the abetts of 1637 r. It is stored in 34 rows. In verse it is simple, warm and clear to read about a book, like it’s in the hands of a book, to wiggle a letter, book wisdom, it’s given a delightful delight, like reading and reading. According to the composition, the conversation with the child on the tsikava and important for the new topic is sincere. Only in all kinds of vipad vіn may appear "to the wise writings » (Literacy), drink in the number of "wise men" and the article "fair blue light". Piznish, in the other half XVII in., virsh tse widely spread through the manuscripts of the book.

The great popularity of koristuvalos and іnshy vіrsh Savatіya - "Fence briefly about linos and nedbalstvі", Which will be stored in 124 rows. The new one has a negative image of a scientist, zdatny, ale-ice and not busy. Savatie namagatsya to pinch the children to the letter to literacy; The author p_dvodit the reader to visnovka, scho vchennya is light, and the unschooled is darkness. Yak mostly vikhovna zabivnya vikoristovuє perekonannya, and as a literary priyom - rivnyannya, similar. For example, it’s worth saying that a diamond is expensive with a set of lights, color, farbs, and a lyudin - with holy and "my own minds."

In іnshomu great virshi, Which is stored in 106 rows, named "ABC Vidpuskna", Creation of the image of a positive scholar, like having heard the joy of his teacher, diligently grasping, and the teacher having instilled this in everything, as he himself knew and lived. Tse yak bi sputn the word child on the day of the end of the day.

The greatest poet of the 17th century. bouv Simeon Polotskiy. Spravojn yogo prizvische Petrovsky. In 1664 r on the request of the Russian Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich Simeon traveled to Moscow, deceased the school, becoming his brothers, I took an active part in the literary and community life. Simeon Polotsk took part in the original primer of 1664, while the primer was composed in 1667, which was written by Simeon for the primer in 1669, a prominent pedagogical treatise of the 17th century.

Ale the greatest interest is presented by the primer of 1679 r, there are two verses for children: "Peredmova to Yunaks, learn to bazhayuchi"і "Umovlyannya"... The first one from them raises about the book, wiggles the letter, revenge cries to the children who are good at reading, for the one who works in his youth, if he is in peace in the elder. The best way to do it is to bring reading and drinking. Another versh is included in the book. Win writing revisions to the books "Testament" and "Story about Vaarlam and Ioasaph" for children. They have a verdict about the zmist of books, zverta respect for the best, magayuchis zykaviti children, pidgotuvati to the perception. By the most important books of Simeon Polotskiy є “Reef. mologion ", which has +1308 sides of the great format, and" Vertograd Bagatobarvny ", which has 1316 sides. The books were prized, behind the words of the author, "for the wickedness of the young and the old", as they could "search for words" and read "until now". Books have a lot of verses available to children, including private ones from children to fathers, relatives and patrons.

Bully are accessible to children and added great popularity to the verses about nature, minerals, creatures, roslins, tsikavi legends, etc. Axis, for example, versh “Arc” (“Veselka”), for the verse about land and water. Simeon Polotskiy is singing in his own hour, making a significant contribution to the literary branch for children.

The first Russian writer and poet, whose creativity was entirely attributed to children, is Karion Istomin. In all his creations Karion Istomin glorified science, "education," the yagi Vin vvvvvav, who read the guilt of all: children of all stanіv, boys and children, people of all nationalities. Science, in the words of Karion Istomina, is to blame for the amusement of people in evil and grief. I would like to address the princes without prejudice to the princes in the greater number of their revolutions of the Istomin, altogether recognizing them for the entire Russian people.

For the life of Karion Istomina there were three books for children and an additional set of children. In the іnshіy childish book of Karion Istomina - to the Great Primer Bulo 11 vershіv. Krym tsyogo, win having written more than ten poetry zbіrok. So, in the book "Polis" talk about everything, pori fate, parts of the world, rіznih lands... At the top of the line "Domostroy" It is stored in 176 rows, on yaskravikh butts, figuratively the rules of behavior. The main change of the rules is made to the extent of being engaged in the administration of the "sciences of the wilderness" and the so-called P.

genre Literary Cossacks... Tradition and innovation in Pushkin's cossacks

Kazki A.S. Pushkina appeared in the period of the most recent development of his creativity. The stench was not meant for children, ale mayzhe immediately went to the childish reading.

In 1830, Pushkin started to work on a kazkoy about a bear "Yak in spring warmth at times", which was left unfinished. In 1831 he finished "Kazka about Tsar Saltan" and "Kazka about the priest and about the protagonist of yogo Balda". In 1833, two Kazakhs were written: "A Kazakh about a ribak and a ribka" and "A Kazakh about a dead king and about many rich people." In 1834, the "Kazka about the Golden Pivnik" was published.

A.S. Pushkin opens his tale of folklore materials. "The Cossack about the priest and about the hero of the yogo Baldu" is close behind the plot to the folk Cossack "Batrak Shabarshov". The plot of the "Kazka about the ribak and the ribka" of the dressing in loops with the jacket "The greedy old" and the gift of gifts to Pushkin by the writer V.I. Dahlem. "Kazka about Tsar Saltan" to have a conversation with the folk Kazka "About wonderful children". "Kazka about the dead king and about these rich" is close to the plot folklore"Charivne Dzerkalce". Beat to usniy folk creativity, A.S. Pushkin back to new opportunities for new literature.

Kazki A.S. Pushkina - create plot, in which testimony is a sharp conflict between light and dark light. You can serve with the butt "Kazka about Tsar Saltan, about the glorious and mighty rich prince Gvidona Saltanovich and about the beautiful Tsar Lebed". Vona Bula was written in 1831 and was first handled in 1832 in the third part of "Virshiv A. Pushkina". Tse Bula Persha Kazka Pushkina, who appeared in the press. Wonderful supervising readers. Far from all the participants were aware of Pushkin's innovations and kicked the populace into a new poetry genre. On the very cob, a subtly satirically belittled image of the tsar is given: “At all times, they are standing behind the fence ...” Pushkin didn’t go to the door of a noble lover of hearing. In the case of Kazts, the images of different people are of the opinion of people: “The cook is angry at the kitchen, Crying for a verstat of weaving, and to instill one of the Sovereign's squads,” and the folds of the people are opened by people.

Pushkin-Kazkar, having played against the monotony of poetry, against the erased rhythmic-syntactic turns. Yogo rukhlivy, transferring the rhythm to rukh and the tension of the pod. Dynamism and flexibility of change come true and it is easy to get along with landscape paintings, laconic and visually barvistic: It's fun to make noise, The ship is fun to run. V blue sky the stars shine, The blue sea is sickly ...

Energіyna and dієva at Pushkin-kazkar the sound organization of the verse. Significant in the new skin is the sound, then the transmission splash of the sea khvili, then the emergence of a mosquito or a jmel.

Pushkin vistupa in "Kaztsi about tsar Saltan" as a fighter for the people of movi, or "spaciousness". "Kazka about Tsar Saltan" will end not with a moralistic visnovka, like the buzz of the kazkar writers of the Bagatykh, but with a cheerful banquet, glorifying the triumph of good.

The positive characters in the trivial struggle are overwhelmed: prince Gvidon is being trained with his father; weaver, cook and matchmaker Babarikhoy Osoromleni. Read with all my heart on the side of the "light svitu" Kazka, personified in the images of the Queen Mother, Prince Guidon, Tsar Lebed. Tilki the image of Tsar Saltan wiklikє sumnіvi і thoughts.

"Kazka about the priest and about the forefather of yogo Balda" is a satire on deceiving the people of unscrupulous servants of the Orthodox Church. They have human greed, foolishness and hypocrisy. Pop get to find a servant, as if the cook, groom and tesla were to pay for the kopecks. The foolishness and greed are snarling, but wait a little while and catch the clatter of Balda, who took it in the books. If you are not only greedy, you will not only be greedy, but you will not be greedy, but you will not want to destroy Balda, giving them undue help, for example, take the quitrent from the devil.

"Kazka about the priest and about the forefather of yogo Balda" for the life of the poet was not overruled. Forward її published by V.A. Zhukovskiy in 1840 in the magazine "Sin Vichizni" with great rework, vicious severity of censorship. "Pop" buv re-incarnations into "merchant Kuzma bovdur". I repaired like this:

Zhiv-buv merchant Kuzma Yolop, at the nickname Osikovy Lob And the whole kazka of the Bula is named: “The kazka about the merchant Kuzma Yolop and about the teacher of yogo Balda”. The changes introduced by Zhukovsky helped create a socially straightforward Kazka, ruined the system of images and poetry.

Pushkin's characters are psychologically and artistically thorough; in the process of robots over kazkoyu vіn constantly vіdtochuvav її vіrsh, close to the folk, stumbling satire.

The artist's team of gunmen is unattractively tied to the poetry of the eyes. Sings in opposition to the chimericity and cleverness of the verse; win pragnuv close to the people's orders with aphorism.

Pushkinsky versh in the kaztsi of the ruch. Singing for an hour, the whole stanza will be overwhelmingly from the men and women, so that they can convey to the hostage:

Bidnenky bis Pid the cobily pidliz, straining, straining,

Having gone to the kobil, two crocs stepping, On the third, falling, stretching out low.

At the kintzivtsi kazka, a deafening shutter is clearly twisted to the priest. In 1835 in the magazine "Library for reading" appeared "Kazka about ribak and ribka", written two rocky before.

“Kaztsi pro ribak and ribka” had motives that are not only in Russian, but in foreign folklore. So, in the collection of brothers Grimm є the Kazka is similar. Kazka Pushkina is a philosophical thought behind the idea of ​​a prototyping of patient good and aggressive evil. Not a stranger sings i social motives... At the same time, we are in awe of the sharp protrusions of the old and the old: one must become a peasant, and all the other things come from social gatherings.

In the image of the old one, the cob of the kazka can be seen. Winning the temptations of creeping up the will of a greedy woman, ale not seeing her povaga, as it didn’t take a long time. To reduce this beastly to her, if she wanted to become a queen:

"Whoa, baba, are you fading?"

The image of the old, step by step to go beyond the image of greed and become a symbol of social oppression. In "Kaztsi about ribak and ribka" people have been brought up to tyrants. Good is not the style of reversal of evil in the apparently prototypical, but of the opposite. The kazka ends with a general picture of the punished for the laws of all justice (їх viraznik є gold ribca) Petty tyranny:

Lo and behold: I know before him a dugout; It’s old to sit on the poros, And beat the corito in front of it.

"Kazka about the dead tsar and about these rich people" was written in 1833 by Nadrukovan for the first time in 1834 in the magazine "Library for reading". They have a particularly clear sense of the humanistic straightness of the Pushkin Cossacks. In "Kaztsi about the dead tsarivna" positivnye characters overwhelmed with such rice the character, which is appreciated by people of pratsi: kindness, generosity, courage, being shown in friendship.

Tsaritsya-mother vіrno checks her cholovіk, scho returned to a distant disappearance. Pushkin rozpovidaє pro tse in yaskravikh scenes, close in style to the usual folk creativity.

In the image of the Tsar's daughter, I mix romantic motives. Won’t wicked love of the girl’s Chernavka and some of the rich and the same, who “all the dear, all the ruminations and those ponad”, and, smut, with my kindness, chuinist, ready to come to the rescue.

The image of the prince Alisey is given in bilinous tones. The hero "virus on the road for a beautiful soul, for the name of youth." Wine close to nature. The lyrical beast of Alisey before the dream and the month, and the nareshty, until the next day, it is poetic to barbling his image, giving him a special charm. "The Kazka about the Dead Tsarivna" was written by a poet from the creative zmagannі z Zhukovskiy. But on the vidminu from the new Pushkin is not surrounded by romantic images of heroes, but to introduce realistic pictures of the life of the royal court, which are set and satirical characters in their casts. Such in the world of tsar-batko, having made friends, ice ends with the meanings of the terms of life.

The main power of Pushkin's satire is straightened out against the queen-machukha, as the "dark light" in Kaztsy was used. Zadrіst and wickedness to all the light and good to produce її in kіntsі kіntsіv to death: "Here the toughness took, and the queen died." So, in Kazts, the reign of good symbolizes the end of evil.

In "Kaztsi about the golden pivnik", written in 1834, and first handled in 1835 (the magazine "Library for reading"), depicting a satirical image of Tsar Dadon, who vazhaє for beautifully tsaruvat without turbots, "lying on the boat". The very same thoughtlessly pozhzhutsya tsar Viconati persist more than an astrologer, like giving him a golden pivnik. Tsar Dadon of images is like a ludin, it is not good to love not only the land, which is ruled by, but the most powerful blue. Slozi, wiklikanі їkh zagibella, it is easy to sacrifice a mischievous drowning in front of the Shamahanska queen. At the same hour, the tsar's testimony was far from innocent: the tyrant who was built through primhi to destroy the old one, came to his aid at his own hour: “The king drove him with a rod on his forehead; that one who has fallen down, that spirit get out. "

Slid brutal respect for those who positive heroes All Kazoks A.S. Pushkina - people for the people: pratsovitiy, spritny and cheerful teacher Balda ("Kazka about the priest and about the teacher of yogo Balda"); bezkorislivy, kind, unwavering work-worker-old man ("Kazka about ribak and ribka").

For the Cossacks of Pushkin, as well as for the folk, the vein is characteristic in the light of the power and the respect. Pushkin's Cossacks are optimistic, in them the good will rewrite temperament and evil. Vinaitlivnosti and pratsovitst Balda will help you to help you with the priest; love and vitality of Alisey resurrect his name; The synopsis of Guidon's testimony, his struggle for health and riveting to take the triumph of truth.

Rice of nationality is distinguished and poetic mova in the kazakhs of Pushkin. They widely zasosovyatsya folk orders, prisliv'ya, words і virazi, sufіksi.

Folklore. genre folklore

folklore(View of the English folk- people, lore- wisdom) - sleepy folk creativity. Folklore Vinik before the appearance of writing. Naivazhlivisha yogo rice - those who are folklore є a mystery of the weary word. The very tse of all kinds of literature and the other kinds of art. Another important vidminna of rice to folklore is the collectiveness of creativity. Vin Vynik yak masovy creativity and vylovyuvav the manifestation of the primordial community and clan, and not around the specialty.

In folklore, as in literature, there are three kinds of creations: epic, lyrical and dramatic. With a whole epic genre, it is possible to change the prosaic form (in the literature, the epic type of representations only by the prose creators: open, povist, novel, etc.). literary genre and folklore genres are displayed behind the warehouse. From Russian folklore to ethnic genres, bilini, historical pictures, kazki, perekazi, legends, indications, appeals, orders are introduced. Lyrical folklore genres - rituals, koliskovs, family and love songs, voices, parts. Popular dramas are staged before dramatic genres. Bagato folklore genres were included in the literature: song, Kazka, legend (for example, Pushkin's Kazki, Koltsov's painting, Gorky's legend).

Genri of folklore imagines their own skin: bilini depicts the feats of arms of the rich, historical pictures - the stories of heroes of the past, the same words describe the side of life. For the skin genre, his heroes are characteristic: in bilins, the rich are Ilya Muromets, Dobrinya Mikitich, Alosha Popovich, in the cossacks - Ivan the tsarevich, Ivan the fool, Vasilisa Beautiful, Baba Yaga, in the family pictures - the squad, the monkey.

From literary folklore to a special system in different ways... For example, the composition (inducement) of folklore creatures is characterized by the manifestation of such elements, such as zaspiv, initiation, initiation, hopefulness (retardation), trinity of podіy; for style - persistent nepitety, tautology (repetition), parallelisms, hyperbole (excess), etc.

Folklore of the native peoples is rather diversified in genres, artistic ways, plots, types of heroes, etc. It will be explained that folklore is like a kind of folk art that depicts the backward laws of suspicious development of peoples. Native specialties in the folklore of the indigenous peoples can be recognized by the closeness of culture and by any trivial economic, political and cultural ties. A great role is also played by the similarity of historical development, geographic proximity, oversupply of people, etc.