Short notice of Zoshchenko. Mikhailo Zoshchenko: announcement of the feilletons of the young rockies. Rozpovidі for children
Mikhailo Mikhailovich Zoshchenko (29 lindens (10 sickles) 1 894, St. Petersburg - 22 lindens 1958 Sestroretsk) - Russian writer of the Radiansky period, classic of Russian literature.
Mikhailo Mikhailovich Zoshchenko was born on Petrograd side, To the booth number 4, apt. 1, according to the Great Adventure Street, records in the metric book of the Church of the Holy Martyr Tsarina Oleksandri (under Budinka, the life of the Empress Oleksandri Fedorivni). Batko - artist Mikhailo Ivanovich Zoshchenko (from Poltava nobles, 1857-1907). Mati - Olena Yosipivna (Yosipivna) Zoshchenko (urodzhena Suryna, Russian, noblewoman, 1875-1920), before she was replaced by an actress, drukuvala rozpovidі in the newspaper "Kopiyka".
Behind the words of the yogh fellow-traveler bedi Bulgakov, "the manuscript is non-combustible." Vіn was born in Zakhidniy svіtі. We have been translated into more than 10 мов. Bagato yogo rozpovidі, ese і p'єsi bouly published behind the cordon Russian language and translated into English mov... To navigate in Radianskiy Russia yogo im'ya began to appear in the rest of the rock in that memoir in that unreasonable one from science fiction and utopian literature. Vін navіt buv updates in literary encyclopedias- naturally, with an inevitable negative comment.
I want this robot to lose unsold in Radiansk Russia, I won’t mindlessly, it’s gone to the minds of the people who read, the writers and in the past in the educational form, the wonders of the way to see the Sinners in such homes in Russian literature.
In 1913 Rotsi Zoshchenko finished the 8th Gymnasium in Petersburg. One ryk navchavsya at the Faculty of Law of the Imperial St. Petersburg University (buv of insurance for non-payment). Vlіtku pіdroblyav by the controller in Kavkazkіy zaliznytsi.
29 spring 1914 r Mykhailo Zoshchenko insurance company in Pavlivske vіyskovo school as a cadet of a peresichny warehouse on the rights of a one-rower of the 1st category. 5 since 1915, the name was changed to the cadet of the non-commissioned officer warehouse. On the 1st of 1915, he finished the acceleration of the current hour and the ensign from the army for the protection of the army.
Yak and all great things create a mystery, and a giftless interpretation. Numerical and analysis of boules written in Zamyatina and on Us, coming close to them from different points of view and in different forms: as vivchennya modern people, seen from his natural self; like a freudian charade; as a myth, it represents the dilemma of people from the point of view of dreams and archetypes; yak relіgіyna parable about the strong inflow of Dostoevsky; as one of the most recent ugly dystopias, etc. not one of the greatest tragic novels of our hour.
5 fierce 1915 orders to the order of the headquarters of the Kiev Vіyskiy district, calls for updates to Vyatka and Kazan, in the 106th infantry reserve battalion, as the commander of the 6th march company. Pislya turn from the revival of the 12th birch 1915, having arrived in the army to complete the 16th Grenadier Mingrelian Yogo Imperial Visa of the Grand Duke Dmitry Kostyantinovich to the regiment of the Caucasian Grenadier, to the military regiment of the 19th Assigned to the landing of a young officer of the Kulemet command.
Ale, let the book speak for itself. Vimoglivy reader knew more about us, we could not have proponated at the entrance. Zamyatin. In the final words, the introduction of Zamyatin "Green Wall", signed by Jose Sans, the sense of the robot Zamyatin is the history of a woman who fought for freedom, for the right to love, and was sacrificed to the divine power of Zamyatin. a lot of people. І Jose Sans to rob the visnovok: "The book is tragic, groaning, terrible."
The green wall is small for its epic: it is written that the original was not accepted by the sovereign censors. for the heroes of the book we respect him, dovkilla, Obstavin, critics, everything that was on the sides of Zamyatin, imaging the reality of it is stupid. At the same hour, Pilnyak, who had a book at the same time, was transferred to Brazil, also having nods to "look over" one of his creations, also "bourgeois". Pilnyak inclined himself, saw from his honor, his creator. Win glancing at the book and adapting to the police of the dictatorship.
On the cob of falling leaves in 1915, the hour of the attack on the Nimetsky trench, after a light splinter, wounded in the leg.
17 leaf fall "for the vidminnі action against the enemy" awarded with the Order of St. Stanislav of the 3rd step with swords and bow. 22 chest 1915 r signs for the posad of the chief of the kulemetnoy command, conducting in the lieutenant. 11 fierce 1916 were awarded the Order of St. Annie of the 4th grade with the inscription “For courage”. 9 advices to the lieutenant.
Zamyatin deyav in a sensible way: he picked his originals and revised them through the Russian cordon. Yogo was perezliduvali, sgortali in the profession of an engineer. Hvory, youmu were allowed to leave Russia, having finished their days in Paris, de vin published a book by Gallimard, which is now published in Brazil.
Science fiction, Zelena stina? Literary genre to impose myself as a robot, not a label, do not forget, what Fausto Cunya says: When I’m built in a zalny, then I’ll see good literature of science fiction and good literature art literature everything is more and more brought to the genre: artistic literature is gradually transformed into metafxia and navpaki.
On 18 and 19 April 1916, a report was sent to the battalion commander about the battalion commander, who were deployed behind the enemy's trenches "on the most knots and ... At no more than 20 limes as a result of a gas attack, violated by nimtsy from Zoshchenko blinded, gassed and sent to the hospital.
Evolution of Russian utopian literature
In the history of literature, utopian Romani and Romani have always played a great role, a bit of a stench and one of the forms of assimilation and assessment of the manifestation of the future. Having appeared, as a rule, from criticism of the present day, the utopia described the further development of the suspension, its power, and the options for the future. Until the end of the day, the function of utopian literature is secure, unaffected by the rapid development of futurology and the popularity of science fiction, as it is also possible to ignore the knowledge of maybut.
Svitova utopian literature is even wider. In the course of their history, winners became proud of the period of growth and decline, success and failure. Some of the authoritative utopian creations created a clearly weak creation in the artistic and cognitive sense. But at the same hour, there were such masterpieces, like "Utopia" by Thomas Morus or "Misto Sontsya" by Campanelli, which are still filled with imaginative utopian thoughts and works.
The 13th spring of 1916 was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav of the 2nd step with swords. We are sick of the first category at the post of service in the hospitals of the bureau of education, but we have seen the service in the reserve regiment and the 9th go to the front in our regiment.
9 leaves fall on the order of St. Anni of the 3rd step with swords and bows and on the coming day of the decree of the commander of the roti. Otrimav the call of the staff captain. The 11th leaf fall was assigned to the team of the battalion commander's lining. 17 fall leaves at the Vileika station for robots at the courses of the team-hour school and ensigns.
It is important for the year to see the backdrop of history without utopian robots. Yak, having said Oscar Wilde, do not wonder at the map of the earth, but I will not show utopia, for that, it is a map for the ignorant land, that people are innocent. Progress is the goal of realizing utopias.
The term utopia to walk like a fabulous island in famous book Thomas Morus. Buli and іnshі version of the concept of the concept, zokrem, from the walnut I - "thorough", "short" and "topos" - "miscy", the ideal place, the land of perfection. Offensive interpretations of the word are widely represented in utopian literature. There are many names for all kinds of utopian creatures, such as "Novini", de nemau mіstya to Vilyam Moris, "Ereon" by Semuel Butler or “Misto Sontsya” by Tommaso Campanelli or “Horobry Novy Svit Aldous Huxley "etc.
In 1917, he had performances up to the title of captain and up to the Order of St. Volodymyr of the 4th degree.
Neither the rank, nor the Order of Zoshchenko did not rise to the point of the vidom podіy, but the order was denuded in order, to those who must be so, that they were introduced - without having taken the order on their hands. Zoshchenko himself enthralled himself with the honor of Persha with five orders of honor.
In the current literature, there is a vikorist and intelligence, tied with the term utopia and resemble from the root "topos". Thus, the term utopia is now foldable and meaningful. However, with all the versatility of the nuances of the senses, the fundamental and traditional function of the term of the field is in the fact that it is possible to recognize the clear land by serving as the butt of the social regime.
Stretching out all the history of utopia, like one of the cob forms suspicious properties Small are such characteristics, such as the interpretation of the social ideal, social criticism, thinking about the big things from the gloomy reality, and also try to convey the people’s potential. Literary utopia is clearly intertwined with the legends of the "golden capital" of the "islands of the blessed" with the latest religious and ethical concepts and ideals. Over the course of an hour, the Renaissance of the utopia has come, in the main, the form of describing the ideal places or ideal places, as they were found here on earth, as a rule, at a certain moment, a distant one earthly coo, On inaccessible islands, before the earth or burn.
On the 9th of 1917, Zoshchenko got sickness (heart defect - the result of being gassed) and sent the hospital to the reserve.
In 1917, Zoshchenko was appointed chief of post and telegraph office and commandant of the post office of Petrograd. Having unjustifiably overshadowed the posad and viyhav in Arkhangelsk, de-embracing the posad of the ad'utant of the Arkhangelsk squad. Adapted from the proposition of emigruvati to France.
At the same hour, there was a wide expansion of various utopian projects and treatises. In the history of the world, popular ideas of utopian ideas were introduced to represent the interests of other classes and social verses. Bully utopian slavish feudal utopias, for example: the place of God, St. Augustine and Christian, Andreas, numerical bourgeois and other bourgeois utopias.
In the midst of utopias, who are developing for their social wickedness, utopian socialism, which has evolved into the ideals of the applied working masses, clearly seen, having started the ideas of rationality and social justice. In the literature of utopian socialism, bully, in its own right, developmental ideas, as one of its own social significance and theoretical development of socialist ideals emerges.
Piznish (for the Radiansk power) was promoted to the court secretary, instructor of rabbit production and poultry farming in the Smolensk province.
On the ear of 1919, do not marvel at those who will be in charge of the military service behind the health camp, voluntarily joining the community of the Red Army. Serving as a regimental adjutant of the 1st Zrazkovo regiment of the Silskoy Bidnoti.
The classics of Marxism, by the way, historically confused with utopian socialism, highly appreciated its role in forecasting. Nicholas theoretical socialism, I don’t forget, but on the shoulders of Saint-Simon, Fur'є and Ouen there were three misters, as they did not care about the utopian and fantastic nature of their doctrines, and some of the most glorious intellectuals of the hour from a scientific point of view at once.
As a form of social fantasy, utopia is based, in the main, not so much on the scientific and theoretical methods of understanding the action, but on the basis. A number of peculiarities of the utopia are brought to the fore, including the mindfulness of the view from reality, the reason for the reconstruction of reality, according to the principle: "everything is guilty but navpaki", a great transition from the real to the ideal. In utopia, there is a presence of hyperbolization of the spiritual principle, in this particular place it is designated for science, art, education, legislation and other factors in culture.
The levy of 1919 will take care of the fate in the battles between Narvoy and Yamburg and Bulak-Balakhovich's corral.
In April 1919, the fate of a heart attack and treatment in the hospital of the to the service and demobilization. However, you need to be a telephonist in a prikordon Varta.
Having completed the residual service, from 1920 to 1922 Zoshchenko changed his lifeless professions: he became an agent of carnage, a dealer in the Petrograd port, a carpenter, a Shevtsy and T. D. During the whole hour of the opening of the studio, I will see a literature tour
With the emergence of a scientific communism, the cognitive and critical meaning of a positive utopia begins to decrease step by step. Negative utopia and dystopia strongly evolve from a positive classical utopia. The traditional classical utopias meant the figurative idea of the ideal and the rich maybut. In a satirical utopia, a negative utopia, a new way of being described is not an ideal maybut, but a non-essential maybut. The image of a maybut parody, criticize. Tse, zychayno, does not mean that with the appearance of negative utopias, a utopian thought itself is known or devalued, like the transfer of the English historian Chad Walsh.
The presi debuted in 1922 rotsi. Having laid down to the literary group "Serapionov Brothers" (L. Lunts, Vs. Ivanov, V. Kaverin, K. Fedin, Mikh. Slonimsky, E. Polonska, N. Tikhonov, N. Nikitin, V. Pozner). The "Serapionov Brothers" were focused on demagogy and pompous declarativeness, they spoke about the need for independence of mystery from politics, in the image of reality they were magicalized from the facts of life, and not from the past. The position of the bull was learned about independence, as the stench protested the ideological situation in the Russian literature. Critics, fearfully staged before "Serapion", respected that Zoshchenko was the "most powerful" figure among them. An hour will show the varnity of the whole visnovka.
In his book "From utopia to nightmares", write: how to go down in a lot of clear light - the whole utopia, growing up in a lot of things - nightmares. Seasonal dominant type, even though it does not become statistically overwhelming. As a matter of fact, utopia is not negative, not assimilating a utopian message, but only a transformation of it. At the same time, in our opinion, I am assuming the classical utopia of building before the forecast and social criticism. Evidently, anti-utopia is a super-verbose and non-uniform phenomenon, in which it is known both conservative and progressive rice.
In the works of the 1920s, the important thing is in the form of Zoshchenko's rozpovidi, having created the comic image of the upholstery hero from the wretched morality and primitive glance at the navkolishn. The writing-book is pratsyuє with my own, broadly victorious form of the message, vibudovuє characteristic image of the message. In the 1930s, rock was more successful in its great form: “Youth is turned”, “Blakitna kniga” and in. Fix the robot over the story "Before the Son Coming Down". Yogo story "The History of One Perekuvati" was included in the book "Bilomorsko-Baltic Canal of the Name of Stalina" (1934).
Ale in twisting robots This kind of new ideological and aesthetic functions appeared - to get ahead of the legacy of the development of the bourgeois establishment and its institutes. The emergence of dystopias as a pan-European phenomenon. Tse sposterіgaєtsya, day by day, one hour may be at all lands Western Europe, Zokrem in England, Nimechchin and France.
Primitively, England develops positive utopias, as well as the fatherland of negative utopias, utopias-poprezhen. Konrad will frown on the picture of Maybut. Neskіnchenni vіyny, rip apart Europe, in a kintsev bag to produce to the svitovy vіynyi and knowledge of all European culture. The very development of the utopian literature, the evolution of the genre and the wolf could not fail to fit the term utopia into the semantic interpretation, both in sociological theory and in the literary practice itself.
In 1920-1930-s the rock of Zoshchenko's book is seen and transformed into magnificent circulations, the writer travels with the names of the country, and his success is very new.
1 fierce 1939 fate viyshov decree of the Presidium of the Verkhovna for the sake of the SRSR "About the Nagorozhennya of Radiansk Writers". By the decree of the city, the writers were divided into three categories: the temple - the Order of Lenin (21 chols: N. Asv, F. Gladkov, V. Kataev, S. Marshak, S. Mikhalkov, P. Pavlenko, O. Petrov, N. Tikhonov, A . Fadov, M. Sholokhov і ін.), Middle - Order of the Red Prapor of Labor (V. Veresaev, Yu. German, V. Ivanov, S. Kirsanov, L. Leonov, A. Novikov-Priboy, K. Paustovsky, Yu. Tinyanov, O. Forsh, V. Shklovsky, і ін.), Lower - the Order of the Sign of Poshany (P. Antokolsky, E. Dolmatovsky, V. Inber, V. Kamensky, L. Nikulin, M. Prishvin, A. Serafimovich, S Sergov-Tsenskiy, K. Simonov, A. Tolstoy (the Order of Lenin was removed earlier), V. Shishkov and I.) - all 172 chol. Zoshchenko was awarded the Order of the Red Prapor of Labor.
Not vipadkovo this year's utopia - it is not just an ideal statement about the future. Tse describe the mossy maybutny, yak bazhany, so і not bazhany. Oskilki literary utopia, on vidminu vid social forecasts either futurological projects, often є novels or novels with a raving plot; є, as a rule, compositions in the romantic genre are suitable, more expensive than science fiction.
Science fiction is an important element of utopia. The authors of utopian novels and the vicarists used the methods of fantastic descriptions. Protest, utopia as a genre of traditional art is completely singular, you can see from fantastic literature or bizarre science fiction, as it’s not tied to the motivating image of the mighty one. The utopia is also seen in popular legends about "more beautiful maybut", which is why, vreshty-resht, is born of individual testimony. The utopia is also seen as a satire, to which there is criticism, as a rule, not only a specific element, but the very principle of the social regime.
Immediately after sending the ear of the Great Victory Day, Zoshchenko go to the commissariat and I will apply for requests to send him to the front, as my boyovy dosvid. Otrimu to Vidmova: "Before the service of the Vіyskovoi, not an adjunct."
Zoshchenko, from the first days of his life, come to the group of anti-fire defense (the main meta is the fight against ignition bombs) and with his blue charm on the dakha booth before the hour of bombardment.
A vicious robot, necessary for the front, and as a writer - write an anti-fascist feyletoni for publication in newspapers and on radio. Zoshchenko and Schwartz take on the writing of the song "From the Lipas of Berlina" - a message about the taken by the Radiansky Vіyskiy Berlina went to the stage of the theater in that hour, as long as there were three days.
At Veresna 1941, Zoshchenko's fate was ordered to go to Moscow, and sent to Alma-Ata. Vaga of the permitted luggage is not to blame for the change of 12 kg, and Zoshchenko took from the valise 20 zoshitiv-blanks of the maybutnyi book "Before the departure of the sun". The bag has only a few chotiri kilograms.
In Alma-Ati, Zoshchenko is praying in the script show "Mosfilma". Until the end of an hour, I write a series of warnings, a series of anti-fascist feyletons, as well as scenarios up to the films "Soldier Happiness" and "Out of the Leaf".
At April 1943 Zoshchenko arrived in Moscow, becoming a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Crocodile".
In 1944-1946, he made a lot of work for theaters. Two of the comedy boules were staged at the Leningrad Drama Theater, one of them - "Sailing Briefcase" - showcased 200 whistles for rik.
In the evacuation of Zoshchenko, I will continue to practice over the povistu "Before the Descent of the Son" ( working name- "Keys to Happiness"). The scribe is viznaє, which is itself until it is won by stretching out his own creative life. Materials for the book's Maybut were taken from the mid-1930s, and in quiet materials, which Zoshchenko "evacuated", also having taken the significant "buried" of the book. The main idea of the story can be seen as follows: "The power of the mind is good enough to overcome fear, see and evil." Yak speaking himself Zoshchenko, Tse і є control food ryvnya the psyche of people over the bottom.
Recovering from the sickle of 1943, the magazine "Zhovten" published the publication of the first chapter "Before the Descent of the Son". The continuation of the publication of the magazine was strictly fenced in, over Zoshchenko "the hmari thickened". A beat of pishov through three rocks.
The story "Before the Dream Comes Down" was published for the first time in 1968 in the USA, in the author's fatherland - in 1987.
In 1946, Zoshchenk’s fate is among the first writers of the city’s booklet for the medal “For the valiant work of the Great Vіtchiznyanіy vіynі 1941-1945 pp. ", And three months later, sending the magazine" Zirka "to the editorial staff for the children" Prygody mavpi " ". View "well, see the wrong behavior every hour of the day."
On the 14th of 1946, the decree of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks about the magazines "Zvezda" and "Leningrad"
"By the rude mercy of" Zirka "є giving a literary tribune to Zoshchenko's writer, creating a foreign radiant literature. to deceive our youngsters and discredit and testimony. happy people... Zoshchenko depicts the orders of the Radians and the people in condescending caricatures, slanderously representing the Radians as primitive, uncultured, stupid, with up-and-coming tastes and little animals. Wickedly huligansky image of Zoshchenko is our work of supervising antiradyansky vipads. It’s unacceptable for the editors of “Zirka” to see Zoshchenko’s phizionomy and unfamiliar behavior for the last hour of the age of old, for some people having written such an ogidnu rich yak "Before the meeting of the son", an estimate of which, yak and an estimate of all the literary "creativity" of Zoshchenko, was given on the sides of the magazine "Bilshovik" "(Resolution of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated 14.08.1946 No. 274).
Followed by the decree on Zoshchenko and attacked the Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) A. Zhdanov. Yogo explained in images: “entrenched in the til of Zoshchenko” (about evacuation before the hour of death), “Zoshchenko viverta navivorit his own bottom and low souls” (about “Before the dream descends”), etc.
Writing decisions and additional statements by Zhdanov Zoshchenko buvs the inclusion of a list of writers, additions to the recording. The writers did not only cease to be drukuvati - Zoshchenko began to increase the persecution: I didn’t get lost in the press; As many as all of the famous writers pinned down a hundred sosons against him.
U 1946-1953 rr. Zoshchenko of the senses will be engaged in a reclaiming robot (who know the trainers of the State University of the Karelian-Finnish RSR) and we will master the Shev's craft in youth. The books by Antti Timo "From Karelia to the Carpathians", M. Tsagaraev "Tale about the colossal Teslyar Sago" and two vertically translated books by the Finnish writer Maya Lassil - "For the Sirs" and "Resurrection" were published.
After death, the food was taken up about Zoshchenko's renewal in the Writers' Spiltsi, represented by Simonov and Tvardovsky. Simonov buv against the "renewal" formula. If you think about it, “innovate” means “recognizing your wrongness”. That would need to take Zoshchenko anew, and not to reopen it, just do it like Zoshchenko wrote the letter to 1946, and everything that went before - vvvazatyu, like it was earlier, with a literary mottle, a fence. Simonov proponuvav to accept Zoshchenko in the Writers Union as a re-translation, and not as a writer.
At Chervna 1953 r Zoshchenko was reapplied to the Spіlka pribnikіv. Boycott not too badly.
In 1954, ask Zoshchenko and Akhmatov to write a writer to Budinka, where she went to school with a group of students from England. English students poured on the fact that they showed the graves of Zoshchenko and Akhmatova, on the way they saw that both writers were presented with live bait.
On the stage, one of the students was fed: Yak Zoshchenko and Akhmatov were to be brought up to the fateful fate for them by the decree of 1946. The sense of Zoshchenko's opinion was created before the images at his address can't wait, but the Russian officer, who is a boy of the city, in the literature of pratsyuv with a pure conscience, will not be able to resist, no matter how much against the radianskogo people. The English were cheering for the yom. Akhmatova responded coldly to food: "I am fit for the party." Її sin, buv in the link.
The news of the process of creation in the newspapers is razgromny statty, on Zoshchenko to lie down: the substitute of the one who changes, but the party punished him, is still not useful. Vistup Zoshchenko to criticize at writing zbora, to start a new round of ts'kuvannya.
At the fences, the Moscow literary bosses came out on a special occasion, and through the month of writing with the English, Zoshchenko was called to the fact that he was bored to publicly declare about the bad weather under the decree of the Central Committee. Simonov and Kochetov magalized to persuade Zoshchenko to “repent”. The reasons for this firmness were not reasonable. At the same time, the whole vigor and smutness was all squeaky.
In the English press, there was a statty about those who had a trip to the SRSR, developed a myth about the unpleasantness of a new and unimpressed discussion in the whole country, attacks on Zoshchenko were attacked. However, the strength of the writer's bully was victorious, all the more and more trivial depression became, Zoshchenko did not have a lot of pratsyuvati.
When the pension was reached, in the middle of the 1955 serpent (the official rock of the people of Zoshchenko at that hour in 1895), the writer filed a statement in Leningradsk about the new pension. However, in 1958, the fate of the people was deprived, not good before death, when Zoshchenko was trivially bothered by the information about the recognition of the personal pension of the republican value (1200 rubles).
The rest of the rock Life Writer Prov_v at Dachas in Sestroretsk.
Sheds 1958 to the rock of Zoshchenka old girshe - vin, having treated it with nikotine, caused a short-time spasm of the brain. Zoshchenko's mova is slowing down, but he stops getting to know people.
On the 22nd of 1958, at 0:45, Zoshchenko died because of his heart's lack of heart. The funeral of the writer at the Literatorskie Mistki Volkovsky Tsvintar vlada zaboronila, Zoshchenko was buried in the mіskoe treasury in Sestroretsk (pit. 10). For the testimonies of an eyewitness, in the life of Zoshchenko's frown, laughing at the trunks. The entourage was entrusted to the squad of the writer Vira Volodymyrivna (daughter of Colonel Kerbitsky, 1898-1981), Sin Valeriy (theater critic, 1921-86), onuk Mikhailo (captain of the 2nd rank, 1943-96).
Zoshchenko Mikhailo Mikhailovich, famous Russian writer and playwright, was born in 1894 rotsi, 29 years old (for business, in 1895 rotsi), in St. Petersburg. Father Yogo became an itinerant artist, and mother - an actress. A few words about those, like the life of such a writer, like Mikhailo Zoshchenko. The biography, presented below, describes the main living way... Having talked about them, we will proceed to describe the creativity of Mikhail Mikhailovich.
Navchannya in the school and in the St. Petersburg Institute
Fathers in 1903 gave their saints to start in St. Petersburg in St. Petersburg in the school № 8. Mikhailo Zoshchenko, the biography of which can be created, including and on the basis of yogh power spogadiv and meaningful, growing up, about special features of the Russian language. For tvir on іspitі vin otrimav odinitsa. However, Mikhailo Mikhailovich stands for the fact that at that hour he wanted to be a writer. Leave it just for yourself after Mikhailo Zoshchenko announced the answer.
Life is paradoxical for an hour. Having pocketed to fold in nine years of Maybutny Vidomiy writer - Samy Vidstaliy in the class of a student from the Russian language! Unsuccessfulness of the yogi was wonderful. Zoshchenko Mikhailo Mikhailovich means that at all times you want to put your hands on yourself. However, he took care of his share.
Writing the end of the day in 1913, the maybutny writer continued his education in the St. Petersburg Institute, at the Faculty of Law. Through rik through non-payment for the new payment for the insurance business. Zoshchenko happened to be pratsyuvati. Winning a chance to go to the Caucasian zone as a controller.
The morning hour
Zvichny plin life was interrupted by Persha svitova vіyna... Mykhailo virishiv to join the service of the visitor. Having become a cadet of a private in the warehouse and went to the Pavlivsky military school, later, having finished chotirymisyachny accelerate course, Pishov to the front.
Zoshchenko recognizes that he does not have a patriotic mood, it is just that he hasn’t been able to sit at the same time. At the service, however, Mikhailo Mikhailovich was recognized. Vin buv is a participant in bagatokh battles, buv gasses, treating his wounds. Having felt the fate of the brothers in battles in the rank of warrant officer, Zoshchenko is also the captain of the buv for the transfer to the reserve (the reason is the inheritance of gasses). Besides, he was crowned with 4 orders of merit.
Turning to Petrograd
Mikhailo Mikhailovich, turning to Petrograd, got to know V.V. Kerbits-Kerbitskaya, his Maybut squad. Pislya Lutnevoy revolution Zoshchenko was appointed chief of the telegraph and post office, as well as commandant of the Head Office. Dalі bulo vіdryadzhennya in Arkhangelsk, the robot adjutant of the squad, and also the choice of Mikhail Mikhailovich in the secretary of the regimental court.
Service in the Chervoniy Army
However, life is no longer peaceful - now it’s already a revolution and I’ve followed her huge war... Mikhailo Mikhailovich is on his way to the front. As a volunteer, I went to the Chervona Army (in 1919). Win to serve as a regimental adjutant in the regiment of the Silskoy Bidnoti. Zoshchenko took care of his fate in the battles between Yamburg and Narvoy against Bulak-Balakhovich. After a heartfelt attack, Mikhail Mikhailovich was demobilized and turned to Petrograd.
Zoshchenko in the period from 1918 to 1921 rіk changed without a hitch. I wrote for the last year, having tried myself in about 10-12 professions. Winner as a businessman, carpenter, shevts, and agent of carnage.
Life in peace rock
The scribe in the 1920s is experiencing the death of his mother. Until the end of the day, one can see this friendship on Kerbits-Kerbitskaya. At the same time with her vin perezhdzhak on st. B. Zelenina. In the homeland of Zoshchenko, in 1922, the fate of the sin Valeriy was born. Mikhail Mikhailovich, in 1930, he worked together with a team of writers at the Baltic Shipbuilding Plant.
Rocky Great Vіtchiznyanoї Vіyni
Mikhailo Zoshchenko, on the cob, I’ll write to you, I will ask you to send him to Chervona Army. However, I will be unavailable to Vidmova - yo viznayut unauthorized prior to service. Zoshchenko was brought to conduct anti-fascist activity not on the battlefield. Winning anti-war feyletoni and publishing in newspapers, I have been sent to the Radio Committee. In 1941, in the first place, he went to Alma-Ata, and after a month he became a sportsman for "Mosfilma", started working in the script show of the studio.
goninnya
Zoshchenko in 1943 rosі wiklikyut near Moscow. Then youmu will get lost and occupied by the editor's office of "Crocodile". However, Mikhailo Mikhailovich is seen as a concept. Protect wines to enter the warehouse of the editorial board "Crocodile". Call all viglyadaє safely. However, a dozen hour later, over Mikhail Mikhailovich's head, he’s fixing more and more thickening gloom: he’s going to live from the editorial board, hang out from the hotel, add food rations. Trivayut goninnya. S. at the plenum of the SSP to attack the attack on Zoshchenko’s story "Before the meeting". It is practical not to abuse the scribe, but still introduce it in 1946 before the warehouse of the editorial board "Zirka".
14 sickle 1946 to rock - the apotheosis of the vicissitudes. The same goes for the resolutions of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks about the magazines "Leningrad" and "Zirka". Pislya tsy Zoshchenko is included in the list of writers, as well as add product cards. At all times, the ghost for attacks is already insignificant - baby talk Zoshchenko under the name "Fit mavpi". All magazines, types of theaters and theaters, following the decree, open up the agreements, which were laid by them earlier, in order to turn the views of the advance payments. Sim'ya Zoshchenko was born. Won’t be impressed by the sale of special speeches of pennies. The scribe will start to earn money in the artіlі shevtsіv. turn yomu vreshti-resht. In addition, the publication of Mikhail Zoshchenko announced that feyletoni (obviously, not all). However, at the end of the hour, it’s possible to make money in the main shift.
Mikhaylo Zoshchenko will be introduced to the Writers' Spiltsi only written by the Znamennaya Podiya to be seen on the 23rd of April 1953 - the writer will be known to Spilka. However, it is not the end yet. Mikhail Mikhaylovich nedovgo vdalsya on tse once, try his dick.
On May 5, 1954, the fate of the fate was fatal. Anna Akhmatova was asked to write a writer on the same day in Budynok; The scribe on n_y stating publicly about the bad weather with the accused, letting them go to their address. The new stage of the ts'kuvannya is to be repaired by the song. All the vicissitudes of life began on the first day of health. Published on the 7th spring of 1953, the article "Factually Victimize the Truth" has become a stumbling block. The author's writing ceased to be zgaduvatisya. Closely two months trivialo zabuttya. However, Mikhail Mikhailovich, in the fall of the leaves, will smell two magazines - "Leningrad Almanac" and "Crocodile". whole group written post on yogo zahist: Chukovskiy, Kaverin, Vs. Ivanov, N. Tikhonov. In 1957 rotsi, in the breast, vin vipuskak "Vibrani notification that povisti 1923-1956 pp." However, the psychic and physical camp of the writer is all lost. A sharp decline in his strength is observed until the spring of 1958. Zoshchenko is interested in life.
Zoshchenko's death
On the 22nd of 1958 Mikhailo Zoshchenko died. Navigate the last of the thirties after the death of the fallen: none of them allowed him to be grabbed in Leningrad. The writer's ashes rest in Sestroretsk.
Mikhailo Zoshchenko, the history of the life of such a bulwark was assigned to the first part of our statute, having deprived the great creative mind of decline. Shlyah yogo yak writer buv is not forgiven. Proponm creative share... In addition, you know that Mikhailo Zoshchenko has created a way for children and for their specialties.
Creative way
Zoshchenko actively started writing for that, as a demobilization in 1919 rotsi. Yogo pershі before were literary-critical statistics. In the "Petersburg Almanas" in 1921, the first one appeared.
Serapionov Brothers
Before the group, under the name Zoshchenko, he called in 1921 to become a professional writer. Before the whole group, critics were fearfully raised, protesting meant that in the middle of Zoshchenko - "the most strong" figure. Mikhailo Mikhailovich, having entered the central faction at once with the Slonimsky, as if he was thinking about those who read the demands of the Russian tradition - Lermontov, Gogol, Pushkin. Zoshchenko feared in the literature of "noble restoration", imparting to A. Blok "the face of the common image" and putting his hopes on literature, there is a heroic pathos. In "Alkon" in 1922, the first almanac Serapion appeared, in which the publication was published by Mikhail Mikhailovich. And "Rozpovidi of Nazar Illich, Pan Sinebryukhov" is a book that has become the first independent vision.
Characteristics of early creativity
The school of A.P. Chekhov was seen in the early works of Zoshchenko. Tse, for example, such rozpovidi, yak "female rib'yach", "Viyna", "Lyubov" and in. However, I’ve seen it without a bargain. Zoshchenko vvazhivshis, but did not meet the needs of the day-to-day reader, the great form of Chekhov's message. Vіn hotіv vіdtvoryuvati in the mov "syntax in the street ... to the people." Zoshchenko, having enthralled himself with a human being, like a team member of the proletarian writer.
In 1927, a large group of writers issued a collective declaration. A new literary-aesthetic position has been sanctified at this bully. M. Zoshchenko will be in the middle, who signed it. Win drukuvsya in a whole hour in the period (the leading rank in the satirical magazines "Smekhach", "Begemot", "Divak", "Buzotera", "Mukhomor", "Revizor" and in.). However, not everything went smoothly. Through the notification "Inappropriate history" by M. Zoshchenko, nothing "politically shy", confiscated in the 1927 issue of the magazine "Begemot". Proceedingly, there is a liquidation similar to the kind of vidan. At Leningrad in 1930, the rock was closed і "Revizor", the last satirical magazine. However, Mikhaylo Mikhailovich does not fall into the mind and the rush of prodovzhuvati pratsyuvati.
Two sides of popularity
With the magazine "Crocodile" win spіvpratsyu from 1932 to rock. At the end of the day, Mikhailo Zoshchenko has collected material for his story under the name "Youth is Turned", as well as a literature on medicine, psychoanalysis and physiology. Create the same good news to visit. However, the popularity of the community has a big ringing side. In 1933, Nimechchin's books by Zoshchenko are added to Hitler's black list of the public auto-dafe.
new create
In the SRSR, at the same time, they play around and put on the stage the comedy of Mikhail Zoshchenko " Cultural decline"." Black Book ", one of the most popular books, started to publish in 1934. In addition, I am opening the list for children ("Smart creatures", "Babusin's gift", "Yalinka" and in.).
Children of Zoshchenko
Mikhailo Zoshchenko wrote a message without a word for children. The stench was published in magazines from 1937 to 1945. From them, the deyaki bully with the help of the creators, and the inshi were united in a cycle. The cycle "Lelya and Min'ka" gains the highest popularity.
From 1939 to 1940, pp. Mikhailo Zoshchenko has dissolved the serii of creations. Before the її warehouse of boules, there are nasty promises: "Golden words", "Znahіdka", "Through thirty rock", "No need for brehati", "Galoshi and frosty", "Babusin's gift", "Yalinka". Not vipadkovo їkh combined into one cycle Mikhailo Zoshchenko. short zm_st tsikh creatures allow the creation of visnovoks about those who have a spirit, and the very images of the heroes of the head. Tse little Minka and Lelya, his sister.
Whenever there is a notification, a message is being sent. The image of him is not less than tsіkaviy, nіzh heroes tell Mikhail Zoshchenko. The lyudin has grown up, like a fortune-teller and comic epizod of his dynasty. Apparently, we will be the author and we will inform you є the similarity (you can learn to see me, as well as refer to the writing profession). Protein does not reach the full zbіgu. Mova alert is displayed as a copyright. Qia form of notification is called literary notification. Vin buv is especially relevant in the literature of the SRSR of the 20-30s. At the end of the day, the whole culture was driven by the thrust of stylistic and modern experiments.
In the case of cich reports, which stands for S. Ya. Marshak, the author does not just add morality. It’s worth talking about her with the help of the doorway in the text, and one in the title of the creation ("No need for breach"). However, the description of all things does not become didactic. Їх ryatuє humor, zavdіvnіy, and also especially the seryuznіst, lured by Zoshchenko. At the heart of Mikhail Mikhailovich's humor, which is not supported, is still a parody.
Today's great popularity is cried out for rich creatures, as written by Mikhailo Zoshchenko. Books to pass in schools, to love old age and children. The way of yogo in literature is not forgiven, as, in fact, and the share of the bagatokh of the first writers and poets of the Radianskoy dobi. Twenty years of age is a folding period in history, however, in the military rock, there have been unleashed creations, which have already become a classic in the history of literature. The biography of such a great writer, yak Mikhailo Zoshchenko, was shortly victorious by us, who encouraged you to wick your interest to your creativity.