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Yaki think about water and earthy creatures. Ґroot center

"Abiotic Factors" - Vologist. Light. Warm-blooded organisms (birds and ssavts). Є adaptation. Cold-blooded organisms (spineless and richly spineless). Roslin: dryness - vologo-loving and watery creatures: water - drive in їzhі. optimal temperature regime for organisms from 15 to 30 degrees However, ....

"Lesson Grunt" - How to settle down from the surplus of the dead roselin and creature before the microbes? Plid from usinnyam. Kozhen wants otrimuvati Tіlki lishe rating "5". Roslini. How to settle down with humus before microbes? Snowstorms, beetles, mishі; board worms, moles. Is it the smut not to have the power of the ground? Children walked along the fox, They sped behind nature.

“Dovkillya biologiya” is the mind of the middle of living, which we need to pour on the organism. Dovkilla... The characteristic of the middle. vivchennya middle-classіnuvannya organіzmіv. 2. Stenobionti. 4. Tolerantia - (lat.) - Terpіnnya - building vitrimuvati and living minds. Terrestrial midst. Ecological tolerance.

"Vodne sredovische" - Pitannya for repetition: Kamish lakes. Seasonal mi diznaєmosya: The development of the minds of life in the midst of the ages. Rogiz vuz'-leaved. Meshkants_ of water center. Topic for the lesson: Vodne center. Whisper water there, de growth rogiz.

"Organism and the middle of living" - Guide your butt negative infusion people are alive with organisms. Ґroot center... Vodne center of living. Live organisms. Terrestrial - the middle ground. The best way of living is the most pleasant and the most friendly about the middle. Viznachennya: Navkolishnє middle-class - sukupnіst minds, in which organism is alive. Lesson plan:

All in all 7 presentations

The middle is the power of power, as it is close to the water and the earthly midst. A lot of other organisms live here like gidrobionti in the porous purchased water. Yak і near the water center, the soil has a great number of temperatures. Amplitudi їkh quickly extinguish with glybin. The moisture deficit, especially when there is an excess of vologue or in carbon dioxide. The similarity with the terrestrial-minded midst is manifested through the manifestation of the feast, remembered by the vernacular.

Before specific authorities, We power only the soil, it is carried out as quickly as possible (a solid part or a skeleton). On the ground, you see three phases(Chastini): solid, kind and gas-like. V.I. Vernadskiy soil is reduced to bony bones, and it plays a great role in the education and life of organisms and products. Priming- the best part of the biosphere is full of living organisms (ґruntova plavka of life). That’s when I’m seeing the fourth phase - I’m living.

In yakosti factors, how to change In the ground, most often there is a little heat (especially in case of extreme permafrost), as well as a shortage (dry) or excess (swamps) in theology. Somewhat limiting, there is a shortage of acidity or a surplus in carbon dioxide.

The life of the bagatokh runt organisms is tightly tied to the pores and their size. Some organisms in the pores can be easily re-sucked. Іnshi (large organisms), when oversubscribed in the pores, change the shape of the body according to the principle of overflowing, for example, the worm, or the gnawing of the glass. Third - it can be oversaturated only when the soil is pushed out, or wikidayuchi on the surface of the approved material (earthmoving). Through the visibility of the light, there is a lot of soil and organisms, the organisms are released. Orіntаtsіya zdіysnyuєya for the additional scent of any receptors.

Roslin, creatures and microorganisms, lingering in the ground, perebuvayut at the post-modality one by one and from the middle. The breeders of cims owe a lot to monstrosities and as a result of the fundamental changes of the physical, chemical and biochemical authorities of the large breed in nature, the soil-making process is constantly being brought to bear.

In the middle soil, place 2-3 kg / m2 of live roslin and twarins, or 20-30 t / ha. Behind the step, the link with the soil is yak in the middle of the twelve ecological groups: Geobіonti, geofіli і geoxenny.

Geobionti- post-sacking soil. The whole cycle of development goes against the ground in the middle. Tse takі, like plank worms, richly primordial, non-crusty coma.

geophiles- creatures, part of the cycle of development of yak, obov'yazkovo vidbuvaєtsya in the ground. Before the whole group, there are a lot of comas: sarans, a number of beetles, gnats. The larvae grow in the ground. In a mature railway station, there are types of terrestrial bags. Before geophiles, there are comas, which are located in the soil in the phase of the lyalechka.

GEOKS- creatures, inodі lead the soil for the team hour ukrittya chi the lane. Before them, they are seen in comas - targani, bagato Klopi, gryzuni, ssavtsi, to live in burrows.

soil bags in fallowness from different growths and stages of decay can be divided into groups:

Microbiota, microbiotyp- the whole of soil microorganisms, warehouses of the main lanka of the detrital grub lancer, є hiba, the industrial lanka of the growing surplus and soil creatures. All green and blue-green algae, bacteria, fungi and simple ones. Stink to live in soil pores, filled with gravitational or capillary water.

Mesobiota, mesobiotyp- the price of others, it is easy to fight from the ground, crumbling creatures. Here, soil nematodes, clams, other larvae, comas, leg-tails and other larvae are introduced.

Macrobiota, macrobiotyp- a lot of great soil creatures with dimensions from 2 to 20 mm. Until this group, the larvae of comas, bagatonizhki, enkhіtreіd, worms and worms and in.

Megabytes, megabytes- there are great diggers: golden-haired animals in Africa, mole-males in Eurasia, summons of moles in Australia, blind-breeds, slyrushons, tsokori. Here and there are sacking nir (borsuk, babak, hovrahi, jerboa, etc.).

Before a special group, lay sacks of hoarse, ruddy sands - psammophy(Toknopaly khovrah, comb jerboa, bіgunki, hazel grouses, marmurovі Khrushchikom, horses and іn.). Tvarin, who stuck to life on saline soils, call halophiles.

For those who value the power of the soil є ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї to start with instead of humus, macro-microelements. Roslin, broadened, it is important to call them - eutrophic for eutrophic, satisfied with a small number of old-fashioned rhetoric - oligotrophic.

See the group between them mesotrophic vid_v.

Roslin, especially imoglivi before being mixed with nitrogen in the soil, is called nіtrofіlamі- galifitamі, On NOT salinized - glikofitamі... A special group is represented by roslini, adapted to fizzy squeaks - psammophy(Biliy Saksaul, Candidate, Pishchana Akatsiya); dewlines, which grow on peat (peat bogs), are called oxylophytamі(Bagno, crabgrass). litofiti Name dewlines, sluggish on stones, skeletons, stony hoists - the autotrophic water growth, scale lichens, leafy lichens and others.

Povnotextovy pochuk:

Головна> Abstract> Ecology

MINISTERSTVO OSVITI

GOU VPU "Bulgorod State University"

FACULTY OF BIZNESU TA SERVISU

Department of "Technology of products in the harvesting and spheres of services"

from the discipline "Ecology"

TOPIC: "Soil yak center living"

visonal

student group 170910 Medvedeva O.M.

Bilgorod 2010.

Introduction ................................................. ............................. .3

1. Soil yak middle ground living ............................................ ................ ... 4

2. Live organisms in the ground ............................................ ................ ..5

3. The value of the ground .............................................. .......................... .... nine

4. Ground structure .............................................. .......................... ten

5. The organic part of ґruntu ............................................. ......... .. ... ..15

Visnovok ................................................. ....................... .17

List of Victory Literature ....................................... ..... 18

Entry

At this time, the problem of interconnection between human suspension and nature has become especially hospitable. It is undeniable that the solution of the problem of preserving the quality of life of people is immeasurable without the singing comprehension of the urgent ecological problems: the preservation of the eulogy of the living, decaying substances (the gene pool of the flora and the atmosphere of production), the purity of the ), the ecological standard of anthropogenic press on the natural ecosystem in the boundaries of the buffer pool, the preservation of the ozone ball, trophic lancers in nature, the bio-circulation of speech and inspiration.

The soil cover of the Earth is the most important component of the Earth's biosphere. The very runt shell is the beginning of many processes that are seen in the biosphere.

If the value of soils is stored in akumulyuvanny organic speech, Winter chemical elements, as well as energy. A ruinous curvature of the vicon of the function of a biological clay, a rudder and a neutralizer of young problems. As soon as the lanka of the biosphere will be rounded, then the formed function of the biosphere will collapse irrevocably. It is very important to instill the global biochemical meaning of the soil bitchy turn and changes in response to injected anthropogenic activity.

1. Soil yak center living

An important step in the development of the biosphere is the recognition of such a part, yak ґprimary curvature... In order to finish the rooted earthy cover of the biosphere - it becomes a complete system, all parts of which are clearly interconnected and lie one in one.

The main structural elements of ґruntu: mineral base, organic speech, drink and water. The mineral base (skeleton) (50-60% of all soil) is a non-organic speech, which was established as a result of a pedstyle gyrskoy (mother, soil-forming) breed as a result of the development of an organism. As a result of the formation of clay in the soil, the penetration and porosity of the soil should be buried, so that circulation will be prevented, like water, and so on.

Organic speech - up to 10% to the soil, it is established from the dead biomass, refined and processed into soil humus by microorganisms, fungi and saprophages. Organizational speeches were established as a result of organizing the organics, they know how to start growing with roses and get started up to biological circuits.

2. Live organisms in the ground

In nature, there are practically no such situations, for a lot of kilometers, one ground with invincible authorities in the open space was stretched. With a lot of evidence of soils, there is a lot of evidence in the officials of the ground.

The natural space for the distribution of soils on small territories is called the structure of the soil cover(SPP). Vichіdnoy odinitsa SPP є elementary ground area(EPA) - ground coverage, all in the middle of every day, whether it is ground-geographic cordon. To play in the open space and in the same world, genetically linked by the EPA. soil combinations.

Behind the step, three groups are seen in the background:

Geobionti- post-sacking soil (plank worms (Lymbricidae), abundant primary malignant coma (Apterigota)), sarcastic moles, blinds.

geophiles- creatures, for which part of the development cycle takes place in the middle, and the part - in the ground. There are a large number of lumpy comas (sarans, beetles, long-legged mosquitoes, cabbage, and a lot of metelikiv). Some of them undergo the larval phase in the ground, and the larvae - the lyalek phase.

GEOKS- creatures, inodі drive the ground yak ukrittya or a lane. Before them all ssavtsi, who live in holes, rich comas (Targani (Blattodea), Bugs (Hemiptera), deyaki vidi beetles) are known.

A special group - psammophies and psammophiles(Marmurovі krushchі, murashinі levi); adapted to fizzy squeaks in kestrels. Prying to life in rukhomiy, dry middle ground near the roslin (saxaul, acacia food, roe pischana і ін.): Dodatkovy roots, diving brunky on roots. The first to repair the growth when the squeak is clogged, other when the squeak is blown up. As a result of the entry, they hide in a shimmering growth, reduction of the leaf. Fruits are dominated by volatility, springiness. On dry land, they preserve food chohli on roots, crumbled measles, strongly rooted roots. Pristine to life in ruhomiy, dry middle ground in creatures (vyshe, dezglayavshey and vologii mode): mіnuyut piski - rossuyut іх tіlom. In ryut tvarin lapi-lizhi - with growths, with hair.

The main indicators of the power of the runt, how to imagine the power of being the middle man for living organisms, is the hydrothermal regime and aeration. For the content, temperature and structure of the soil. All three indicators are tightly tied together. The heat conductivity and the airflow of the ground will increase with the allowance for the heat supply. Chim vishche temperature, tim is stronger than viparovannya. Bezposredno with tsymi indicators of tying the understanding of physical and physiological dryness of soils.

The physical dryness of the grain during atmospheric droughts, in conjunction with the fast speeds, is necessary to water through the trivial volume of the fall.

In Primorye, such periods are characteristic for the middle spring and especially strongly rotate on the grasp of the early displays. Moreover, with the same position in the background and in the other minds of growth, which is more beautiful than the roslinny curvature, Tim shvidshe insists on the standard of physical dryness.

Physiological dryness is a more foldable phenomenon, it is overwhelmed by the unfriendly minds of the middle. Polyagus is in physical inaccessibility of water and in abundance, and in the overworldly water in the ground. As a rule, physiologically inaccessible water at low temperatures, high salinity or acidity of runts, the presence of toxic rivers, unstable acidity. Immediately inaccessible to the water and the elements of life: phosphorus, sirka, calcium, kaliy and іn.

Through the coldness of soils, and its zooms, overflowing and high acidity, physiologically inaccessible to the Koreans, there are large reserves of water and mineral salts in the ecosystems of the tundra and northern forests. Tsim explain themselves more strongly in them vishykh roslinі widespread lichens and moss, especially sphagnum.

One of the most important pristosuvan up to the suvorikh minds in the food sphere є mikoriznogo kharchuvannya... Practically all trees may have links with mushroom-forming mushrooms. The skin species of a tree is considered a microcorpore-forming type of fungus. For rakhunok mikorizi, the surface of root systems grows active, and the fungus is easily seen by root rods.

Yak told V.V. Dokuchaev "... Soil zones and natural historical zones: there is an obvious link to climate, soil, food and growing organisms ...". It can be seen well on the butt of the ground cover in the forest areas on the winter and winter days of the Far Outcropping.

The characteristic feature of the soils of the Distant Descent, which is formed in the minds of a monsoon, tobto arcuate climate, is more vivid in the elements from the eluvial horizon. Ale in the winter and early regions of the region, the process is not the same through the difference in heat supply in the middle of the region. The soil on the Extreme Winter is seen in the minds of a short vegetation period (no more than 120 days), and the widespread expansion of frozen ground. Lack of heat, often overwhelmed by overwhelming runts, low chemistry activity in the development of soil-friendly species and trusting organisms. The life of the soil microorganisms is strongly attuned, and the possession of the living elements in the roots of the roslin is dull. As a result, the growing cenoses are low in productivity - the stocks of wood in the main types of modrinous plants do not outweigh 150 m 2 / ha. With the whole accumulation of the deadly organisms prevail over the distributions, in the case of which the strained peaty and humus horizons are formed, in the profile a high one instead of humus. For example, in winter trees, the strain of wood bedding is ≥10-12 cm, and the stock of undifferentiated mass in the ground is up to 53% of the backyard stock of biomass growth. One hour the wine of the elements goes beyond the profile, and when the frost is close to the ground, the stench accumulates in the illuvial horizon. In soil formation, in all cold regions of the winter season, the process is podzol-forming. Zonal soil on the pivnichny Uzbek coast of the Sea of Okhotsk є Al-Fe-humus pidzols, in the continental regions - podburi. In all areas of the Pivnichnoe Descent, there is a wide range of peat soils with ice-rich permafrost in the profile. Zonal soils are characterized by a sharp differentiation of horizons beyond the color.

3. The value of the ground

Roant curvature є for the most natural appraisals. Its role in the life of the suspension is that the soil is the main source of food, which will provide 95-97% of food resources for the population of the planet. The area of land resources will become 129 million km 2 or 86.5% of the land area. Rillya and bagatories planted in the warehouses of the agricultural lands borrow about 15 million km 2 (10% of land), blue mows and pastures - 37.4 million km 2 (25% of land). Zagalna arable land will be estimated as young ages in a reasonable way: from 25 to 32 million km 2.

A present about runt, as about self-reliance, naturally, with special powers appeared to be deprived of for example XIX in., zavdyaki V.V. Dokuchaєvu, - the founder of the bitter runtoznavstvo. Having solved the problem of nature zones, soil zones, soil conditions factors.

4. Ground structure

Soil is a particularly natural affirmation, where the volodin is a number of authorities, the authorities of living and inanimate nature. The soil is the center of the middle, de vzaєmodin is a large part of the elements of the biosphere: water, good food, living organisms. The soil can be used as a product of vivitryvannya, reorganization and formulation of the upper spheres earth measles before the flow of living organisms, atmosphere and social processes. The soil is stored from decilkoh horizons (balls with the same signs), girskikh breeds, Klimat, tall and organic organisms (especially bacteria), relfu micevost. For all the runts, a change in the place of organic speech and living organisms from the upper forms of the runts to the lower one is characteristic.

Horizon Al - Dark, to take revenge on humus, soiling with mineral springs and is of the greatest importance for biogenic processes.

Horizon A 2 is an eluvial ball, very wide, light-gray or zhovtuvato-gray color.

Horizon B is an elyuvial ball, extremely wide, storms or brownish barnacles, flooding with coloid-dispersed minerals.

Horizon C is changed by parent rock processes.

Horizon B - vyhіdnaya breed.

The upper horizon is stored from an excess of height, which forms the basis of humus, an excess or a shortage of a certain value of the soil.

Humus is an organic speech, the most effective way before it is laid out is taken care of because it is the main process of laying out the same completions. In Pastupovo, humus is also mineralized up to inorganic speech... The mixing of humus with soil is given a structure. A ball filled with humus is called ornim, and the underlying ball is called pidornim. The basic functions of humus "are built up to a series of folding exchange processes, in which they take part not only with nitrogen, muslin, carbon and water, ale and small mineral salts, present in the soil. , which is the type of parent rock.

The soil is stored in three phases: solid, hard and gas-like. In the solid phase, there is a mineral approval of the organic speech, including humus, or distillation, as well as soil coloids, which may be organic, mineral or organic. Close to the phase of the soil, or soil breaks, become water with organic and mineral spikes, as well as gases. The gaseous phase of the runt becomes "runtove povitrya", which includes gases, so that the vilny from the water is stored.

An important component of the soil is that of changes in the physical and chemical authorities, of the biomas, which includes the microorganisms (bacteria, water growth, fungi, one-line) and worms and worms.

Soil recovery to land on the Earth at the moment of life and to lay down on the basis of the following factors:

Substrate on which to pretend to be the soil. Due to the nature of the mother's breeds, the physical power of the runts lies (porosity, water-consuming health, looseness, etc.). It smells like water and heat conditions, the intensity of the mixing of words, minerological and chemical warehouses, the first change of food items, type of runtu.

Roslinn_st - green roslini (the main creators of the first organic speech). The atmosphere is glazed with carbonic acid, the soil is water and minerals, vikoristyuchi energy of light, the stink of organic spoluks, which are suitable for grubbing food.

For the help of creatures, bacteria, physical and chemical infusions, the organic speech expands, transforming into ground humus. Ashes of the speeches remind the mineral part of the runt. Roslinny material, suitable for children of soil fauna and microorganisms (stable gas exchange, thermal regime, vologism).

Creatures with organisms, showing the function of converting organic speech into the ground. Saprophages (earthy chrobaki and Ін.), Yaki gnaw at dead organic speeches, pour on humus instead of humus, pushing the horizon and the structure of the root. From the terrestrial food to the ground, it is the most intensive to infuse all kinds of grisons and grassy creatures.

Microorganisms (bacteria, single-line water growths, viruses) will put folding organic and mineral speech on a larger scale, as in the future you can be vicious by the very microorganisms and food.

Some groups of microorganisms take part in the transformation in carbohydrates and fats, and in those - nitrogenous spoluks. Bacteria, scho glaze molecular nitrogen, are called nitrogen-fixing. The workers of their capacity, atmospheric nitrogen can be vicious (in viglyadі nіtratіv) іnshі live organisms. The root microorganisms take a part in the ruined toxic products in the exchange of food roslin, food and microorganisms themselves in the synthesis of vitamins, necessary for the roslin and root food.

Climate, which is infused into thermal and water cutting soil, and that means biological and physical-chemical soil processes.

Relief, scho redevelopment on the earth's surface warmth and vologue.

Gospodarska dіyalnіst people in the Danish hour becomes a dominant factor in ruinous runts, diminished and increased responsibility. Before the influx of people, the parameters of the standardization factor are changing - relєfi, microclimat, water protection is established, melioration is carried out.

The main power of a runtu is prudence. Vono tied with the quality of the soil. In ruinous runts and diminished efficiency, they see the onset of the process:

Aridization of land is a complex of processes of changing the environment of the great territories and the speed of biological productivity of ecological systems. From the beginning of primitive farming, unreasonable victorious pasture, the desolate stagnation of technology on the ground, transforms into the wilderness.

Erosion of soils, crumbling of soils before every day, water, technology and irrigation. Naynebezpechnіsha water erozіya - zmi in the ground with talim, board and spill waters. Water erosions are indicated when the steepness is not less than 1-2 °. water erosion spriy subjugation of fools, oranka by schil.

Vіtrova erozіya is characterized by wines in vitro from the most other parts. In the middle of the winter season, the lack of longevity in the territories with the lack of longevity, strong vitality, without interruption of thinness.

Technological erosion is tied to the ruining of the ground for the injected transport, earth-moving machines and technology.

Irrigation erosions develop as a result of failure of the irrigation rules during agro-farming. The salinity of soils is mainly associated with cormoids. In Danish hour not less than 50% of the area of cultivated lands is saline, in fact, a million is consumed earlier than the native lands. A special place in the middle of soils will be occupied by orny ugiddya, that is, the earth, so that people will not be able to feed. For growing of sciences and fahivts, for the harvesting of one people, no less than 0.1 hectares of soil should be poured. The growth of the number of inhabitants of the Earth is directly tied from the area of the green lands, as it is unhealthy to speed up. So in the Russian Federation, over the last 27 years, the area of the Silk and Gospodarskiye ugіd has been reduced by 12.9 million hectares, of which the plots - by 2.3 million hectares, and the grapes - by 10.6 million hectares. The reasons for this are the destruction and degradation of the soil cover, from the land to the forgotten places, settlements and industrial enterprises.

On great areas, there is a decrease in the productivity of the soil through a change in the amount of humus, the reserves of which for the last 20 years have been speeding up in the Russian Federation by 25-30%, and when they spend less, they become 81.4 million tons. Dbaylivy and literate connected with the earth has become a pressing problem this year.

From the said viplivє, so the soil includes mineral parts, detritus, lifeless organisms, that is. Ґrunty is a completely renewed resource. Processes of ground clearance are more frequent, from 0.5 to 2 cm per 100 rockets. The soil pressure is not great: from 30 cm in the tundra to 160 cm - in the back-soil chernozems. One of the peculiarities of runtu is its natural prowess - it can form in even a trivial hour, and the cost of prowess will take 5-10 rockets. From the said vipliv, runt mensh ruhlivy at the porous with інshim abiotic warehouse biospheres.

Gospodarska dіyalnіst people in the Danish hour becomes a dominant factor in ruinous runts, diminished and advanced їх russiness.

5. Organ_chna part of ґruntu

At the ground there is a singular number of organic speech. In organogenic (peat) soils, it can be overwhelmed, in a large number of mineral soils, this number does not overlap with many in the upper horizons.

Before the warehouse of organic speech, the soil should include both tall and solid surpluses, as they did not consume anatomical rice, as well as some chemical spoluks, called humus. In the warehouse, there are nonspecific phrases of all humus (lipid, carbohydrate, lignin, flavonoid, pigment, wax, resin, etc.) ...

Humic acids do not have a singular formula and are a class of high-molecular spolucs. In Radianskiy and Russian gruntoznavstvі the stench traditionally grows on huminі and fulvic acid.

Elemental storage of humic acids (by weight): 46-62% C, 3-6% N, 3-5% H, 32-38% O. Storage of fulvic acids: 36-44% C, 3-4.5% N, 3-5% H, 45-50% O. In both cases, there is also a sirka (from 0.1 to 1.2%), phosphorus (hundred and ten parts%). Molecular weight for humic acids is 20-80 kDa (minimum 5 kDa, maximum 650 kDa), for fulvic acids 4-15 kDa. Fulvic acids are more crumbly, rozchinnі on the whole range of pH (humic acids fall under siege in sour environment). Putting in carbon of humic and fulvic acids (C g / C fk) is an important indicator of the humus stagnation of soils.

The molecules of humic acids have a nucleus that can be stored in aromatic acids, including nitrogen heterocycles. Kiltsya z'udnuyutsya "misstatements" with subway links, so that they extend the length of the lancet from the obtained, which will summarize the darkening of the speech. The core is refined with peripheral aliphatic lancers, including carbohydrate and polypeptide types. Lantsyugi are the essence of functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino group, etc.), which is the reason for the great absorption volume - 180-500 mg-eq / 100g.

About budova fulvic acids are less significant. It smells like the same warehouse of functional groups, however, there is more absorption capacity - up to 670 mg-eq / 100g.

Mechanism of the formation of humic acids (humic acid) until the end of the vaccination. For condensation hypotheses (M.M. Kononova, A.G. Trusov), the lines are synthesized from low molecular weight organic spolucs. For the hypothesis of L.N. Aleksandrovy humic acids are established during the interaction of high-molecular spolucs (bilks, biopolymers), then gradually oxidized and decomposed. Both hypotheses in these processes take on the role of fermentation, which is transformed into microorganisms. Є stewed about purely biogenic activity of humic acids. Behind the Bagatma authorities, the stench is filled with dark-rich pigments of mushrooms.

visnovok

The Earth is one of the planets and the soil (edasphere, pedosphere) is especially the upper shell of the land. Qia obolonka was formed in an hour, historically accessible for viewing - it is the same age as land life on the planet. Forward to the food about walking around M.V. Lomonosov ("About the spheres of the earth"): "... the ground has become like the mind of creatures and tall bodies ... for the next hour ...". And the great Russian teaching V.V. Dokuchaev (1899) for the first time calling the soil an independent natural til and doviv, so the soil є "... also an independent natural-historical tilo, as if it were a roslin, be it a creature, be a mineral ... a result, the function of all, dіyalnosti klіmat danіy mіtsevostі, її roslinnyh and natural organisms, rіlєfu and vіku krayny ..., nareshty, pіdґruntya, so that unpaved maternal germs. ... normal soil ... ".

Soils of living ... distribution of organic surpluses at soil roslini-autotrophy to enjoy the power ...

Priming in the biosphere process

Abstract >> Ecology

...), soil and nematodes. Industrial environmental authorities soil yak middle ground accommodation creatures give you the power of robustness .... 4. Priming yak Lanka is well received In general, for a number of ecological features primingє midstorm, Promіzhnoї ...

Main middle ground life

Abstract >> Biology

povitryana, priming and live organisms yak middle accommodation... water middle accommodation(Hydrosphere) Vodnu mid accommodation set up on the ground ... on the ground middle accommodation, Bully is shown in chapter 2. Priming yak middle accommodation(Lytosphere, abo pedosphere) Priming, Abo ...

The soil is a lumpy surface of the earth measles, re-incarnations in the process of vivitryuvannya and populations by living organisms. Yak is a ball, the soil will be protected from growing roslin. From the root of the rose line to wash off water and lively speech. Leaves and gilts, vidmiyuchi, "turn" into the ground, de-lay, viviliyuchi take place in them minimal speech.

The soil is stored in solid, rocky, gas-like and living parts. A solid part becomes 80-98% of the soil mass: sand, clay, mulist particles, which are lost from the parent breed as a result of the soil-making process (the process characterizes the mechanical storage of the soil).

Soil is the middle of the midst of water (temperature regime, low water vapor, abundance of water vapor, the presence of water and salts in them) and for the occasional (empty days, sharp changes in voltages and temperatures) at the top. For arthropods, the soil is in the middle, through the yak stench they could pass from the water to the terrestrial way of life. The main indicators of the power of the runt, how to imagine the power of being the middle ground for living organisms, is the level, temperature and structure of the soil. All three indicators are tightly tied together. The heat conductivity and the airflow of the ground will increase with the allowance for the heat supply. Chim vishche temperature, tim is stronger than viparovannya. Bezposeredno with cimi indicators of tying the witness of dryness of soils.

Alive part of the soil is stored from soil microorganisms, representatives of spineless (simplest, hrobak, molluscs, comas and larvae), vertebrates. The stench is sluggish in the main ground near the top balls, close to the roots of the roslin, de goodbye so much. Deyaki soil organisms can live only on roots. In the surface balls, the soil has sacs without organisms-ruinous - bacteria and fungi, other arthropods and worms, termids and bagatonies. On 1 hectare of a rocky ball to the ground (with a height of 15 cm), the fall is close to 5 tons of fungi and bacteria.

Organizm yak center of living

With a microscope,

Live a flea bite blishki;

On blishki tiy - flea-krykhta,

I put a tooth in a flea, angrily

Flea ... and so without a kint