Robinson Crusoe Smut in Creation. "Robinson Crusoe" of the main hero. Need additional help with vivchennya be-libi those
Widgets about the book "Robinson Crusoe" allow you to correct the process of tvir. The most famous novel by the English Daniel Defoe, which for the first time poured the light in 1719 rotsi. yogo Head topic- the moral revival of people in the spirit of nature. The book is based on real stories. Oleksandr Selkirk, a Scottish boatswain, is in a similar situation.
the root of the novel
Widgets about the book "Robinson Crusoe" are selected in the statistics. The stench permits the knowledge of what the novel was assigned to, like this year's richly hto vvazhaє first in the literature of the epoch of Education.
Until the moment of writing this novel, Daniel Defoe had already had a few hundred creations. A lot of them so and not far into the understanding, to which the author often used pseudonyms.
basis for creation
The readers about the book "Robinson Crusoe" often guess that the basis of the creation is laid real history, Yak to one British journalist rozpov capitan Woods Rogers. Defoe, shvidshe for everything, having read її in the newspapers.
Rogers spoke about those who, like sailors, threw his friend Selkirk on a deserted island in the Atlantic Ocean, who was shown to have a violent and neurological character. Win boiled with the captain and the command, they hung up for the whole, having taken care of the towel, a supply of gunpowder and tyutyun and Biblina. On the very own, the provinces may be more chotiri with half the rock. If they saw you, they were drawn into the skins of the goat, looking wildly over the top.
All the way to the booth, I started to roam, and all the way to the booth at the small ships of the ship rusks. It took a lot of time, but they still zoomed to turn into the camp of civilized people.
Head hero Defoe strongly resembles its prototype. The author, vividly, meaningfully embellished the situation, led Robinson to a deserted island in the whole of 28 years. Moreover, for a whole hour, the anitrohi didn’t waste her human viglyad, but zmig pristosuvatisya to life on its own. To that, in the guides about Defoe's book "Robinson Crusoe", it is often assumed that the novel is a butt of optimistic creation, which will add strength to reading and enthusiasm. Brainly, it’s a book that will be lost in an unprecedented hour, for the bagatokh to generate a novel, becoming a favorite creature.
In what vіtsі read a novel?
This is a season of the day, which is mainly read in the middle of the novel. For young people there is a great opportunity for young people. It’s not a matter of being forgotten, but important literary and cultural problems are raised in the book.
At the bottom of the hero, the virginity of the lack of moral nourishment is imposed. It’s hard to read the novel itself. On the very cob of his life, the stench is to be discerned as "splinters" in the form of food and cynicism, as the hero Defoe is aware of, but a penny is not smut in the whole life. Also one of the key roles in the creation of the transformation of the protagonist. Win from the inveterate mandarin, who is the head of his life, bachiv zbagachennya, to reimagine a man, greatly confused in the need for pennies.
We signify a whole plan of an epizod on the cob of a novel, if the hero is only a Wikid on a deserted island. The ship, which is fueled by wine, is not far away, can be reached without any special effort. The main character is stocked up with everything that you can know on the island. With supplies, salvage, gunpowder, tools. In one of his trips to the Robinzon ship, a barrel filled with gold appeared, and a small barrel, easily passing bi yo to syrniki or іnshі corsnі speeches.
character characteristic
Characterizing the protagonist, obviously, Robinson stands before us as an intelligent English teacher on the very cob. Winning to the involvement of a typical representative of the bourgeois ideology. Until the end of the novel, the novel is transformed into a person who is the head of his life with great creativeness and goodness.
Rispovidayuchi about the youth of the protagonist, the author stands for Robinzon from his youth in the sea, like a bunch of boys of the last generation. On the right in that time, England at that hour was one of the provincial maritime powers in the light. To that, the profession of a sailor was honored, popular, and importantly, highly paid. Varto viznati, scho in his mandras Robinson ruhak viklyuchno bazhannya zbagatitsya. It is not prudent to embark on the ship as a sailor and see all the wisdom of the sea. I will change the price of the price of a passenger as a passenger, but at the same time, I will become a successful merchant.
analysis of the novel
Analyzing the novel, it is obvious that it has become the first enlightened novel in literature. The very tsim of the winners in the history of the mystery. At that hour, the best bagatma had a quick fix and no need. The root of this lies in the original interpretation of the Bible. At that hour, I respected that God himself had pardoned Adam's land and vi for those who did not hear the stench of his punishment.
Daniel Defoe is the first author, who has become the basis of the people's activity, and not just a bit of a pay-off. At that time, it seemed to reflect the moods that were drowning in the middle of the puritanical moralities. The stench stverdzhuvali, scho pratsya - tse hіdne busy, which is not varto soromitisya or unikati. It’s the very same to read the novel "Robinson Crusoe".
Progress of the protagonist
The reader can follow the progress at the prototype of the protagonist. Having settled on a deserted island, one can wander into a place that is practically impossible for anything. Only in an hour, completing a lot of bad luck, I will master it, like viroshuvati khlib, keeping an eye on the domestic creatures, weaving cats and being overwhelmed with life. All prices are based on the method of samples and grants.
For Robinzon, he’s a very good job, because it helps him not only to see, but spiritually.
character traits
In the first place, Robinzon Crusoe will see the most literary characters at that hour of the day. Win a hero, who will help me to imitate the action light.
Yogo in any case cannot be called a mrynik or a dreamer, like Don Quichot Cervantes. Tse razvazhlivy cholovik who knows the value of pennies and prats. Win yak riba in water in a practical gentleman. With a lot of win to finish hisistichny. Ale tsya rice zrazumіla bіshostі readings, it is straightened on the bourgeois ideal - a special zbagachennya.
Why should the character be so befitting to the readers already stretching out a few tables? Tsyomu's head is the secretary of that educational experiment, which he put on the sides of his novel by Defoe. For the companions of the author, he is interested in the described situation in the first place, having glimpsed at the vinyatkovosti position, in which the head hero has rested.
The main picture of the novel is the credibility and the maximum overconfidence. Daniel Defoe is willing to reach the illusion of reliability for the additional great number of other details, such as being built, it is simply impossible to see.
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"Features of the notification structurein "Robinson Crusoe" Defoe
1. Entry
In the scientific literature of creativity Defoe assigns numerical books, monographs, statistics, ese, etc. However, with all the rіznomomanіtі we went about Deforobit dinoy thoughts with the drive of the peculiarities of the structure of the novel, yogo allegorical sense, the level of allegory, stylistic design was not virobbed. Greater robustness of attributing problems to the novel, characteristics of the system of its images and analysis of the philosophical and social basis. Tim for an hour the novel presents chimaliy interest in the aspect of the structural and verbal design of the material, as the form of the informal structure of classicism is transformed to the sentimental novel and romanticism from the intuitive, formative structure. Defoe's novel is based on the style of the genre of genres, the natural order of which includes in itself rice and a subtle synthesis of a new form, but it is not of particular interest. A.Elistratova meant that in "Robinson Crusoe" "It was like this, that the power of literature did not appear in the frivolous" ... And so. There are criticisms about Defoe's novel. Bo, yak rightly stands for K. Atarov "The novel can be read in an even more practical way. Some are tormented by the" soullessness "and" inadequacy "to the style of Defoe, who are hostile to this glib psychology; ... The significance of the novel is due to the fact that in the role of the hero Defoe the most vicious, overwhelming protest of the hazy vein of conquest of life is in the first place. Such a hero appeared in the literature for the first time, so the work itself was described for the first time. Defoe's creations have an extensive bibliography. However, the novel "Robinson Crusoe" itself is more cynical about the past from the point of view of the problematic (from the point of view of the problematic) (from the point of view of the social connection of the spoken Defoe to the genius of prazi, alegorical parallels, the reality of the head image, the level of philosophy, the level of philosophy, the level of philosophy, self-reporting structure. In vіtchiznyany literary knowledge from serious robots about Defoe slіd vіdіliti: 1) the book of Anikst A.A. "Daniel Defoe: Drawing Life and Creativity" (1957) 2) book by M.A. "Daniel Defoe" (1960) 3) the book by AA Elistratova. "The English Novel of the Epoch of Enlightenment" (1966), in Defoe's novel "Robinson Crusoe", to get into the main aspect of the problematics and characteristics of the head image; 4) the book of M.G. Sokolyansky. "Western European Novel of the Epoch of Education: Problems of Typology" (1983), in which Defoe's novel is analyzed in proportional characteristics with інshih creators; Sokolyanskiy M.G. reviewing food about the genre specificity of the novel, showing the way of adventurous battles, analyzing the allegory of the novel and images, as well as a few sides attributing to the analysis of the relationship of memoir forms and events; 5) the article by M. and D. Urnovikh "The Fortunate Writer" in the book "Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe. The History of Colonel Jack" (1988), the essence of the so-called "soullessness" to Defoe's style is explained; 6) a chapter about Defoe Elistratova A.A. in "History of All-Holy Literature, vol.5 / Edited by S.V. Turaev" (1988), denotes the decline of the novel from the forward English literature, the meaning of its particularity and vision (as in the interpretation of philosophical and religious ideas, so and artistic methodology), The specifics of the head image, the philosophical basis and persevering, and also the problem of the internal drama and the powerful romance of charm has been ruined; in a tribute to the statti of A. Elistratova, it is said to Defoe's novel in the system of educational novel, his role in the formation of the realistic method and the particularity of realism to the novel; 7) the book by D. Urnov "Defoe" (1990), assigned by the biographical tributes of the writer, one chapter in the book is given to the novel "Robinson Crusoe", an absolutely literary analysis of which (and the very simplicity of style itself) is attributed to two sides; 8) the article of K.M. Atarov. "Secrets of simplicity" in the book. "D. Defoe. Robinson Crusoe" (1990), in yak_y Atarova K.M. a message about the genre of the novel, the essence of its simplicity, alegorical parallels, methods of verification, the psychological aspect of the novel, the problematic of images and their personalities; 9) the article in the book. Mirimsky I. "Statues about the classics" (1966), in which the plot, plot, composition, images, manner of reporting and information are heard in detail. Aspecty; 10) the book of D.M. Urnov. "Robinson and Gulliver: The Share of Two Literary Heroes" (1973), the title of which speaks for itself; 11) the article by Shalatoy O. "Robinson Crusoe" Defoe in the biblical theme (1997). However, author re-sponsored robots and books received little respect for both the artistic method and Defoe's style, as well as the specifics of his notification structure in other aspects(From the behind-the-scenes form-making material to private details, it’s possible to open up the psychology to the image and the wicked wickedness, internal dialogue, etc.). In foreign literary knowledge, Defoe's novel is most often analyzed on the subject of its: - allegoricality (J. Starr, Karl Frederick, E. Zimmerman); - documentary, in which English critics have added a little of Defoe's informal manner (yak, for example, C. Dickens, D. Nigel); - the reliability of the image. Oskarzhuvali remained such critics, yak Watt, West and in.; - problems of the novel and systems of yogo images; - social interpretation of ideas to the novel and its images. The book by E. Tsimmerman (1975) is assigned to the report selection of the informative structure, in which analysis is made of the disclosure of the annual and memoir parts of the book, of the wives, and of the verifications and of the other aspects. Leo Bredi (1973) a message about the teaching of monologue and dialogue to the novel. Nutrition about the genetic link between Defoe's novel and "spiritual autobiography" appearances in the books: J. Starr (1965), J. Gunther (1966), M.G. Sokolyansky (1983) and іn.
II. analytic part
II.1. Dzherela "Robinson Crusoe" (1719) Dzherela, which served as the basis for the novel, can be divided into factual and literary. Until the first time there is a lot of authors in the road drawings and notes from the 17th-ear of the 18th century, Sered Yakogo K. Atarov saw two: 1) Admiral Vilyam Dampier, who published the book: "New round-the-world road", one thousand six "More expensive and describe", 1699; "Go up to New Holland", 1703; 2) Woods Rogers, who wrote the paths of the Pacific highways, describes the history of Oleksandr Selkirka (+1712), as well as the brochure "Minivosti, or Divovizhni fit A. Selkirk, written by him." A. Elistratova vidilak also Francis Drake, Sir Walter role and Richard Gakluyt. Among the young, purely literary dzherel by the youngest preachers were seen: 1) the novel by Henry Neuil "Ostrіv Pines, or the Quarter Isles near the unknown Australian continent, recently seen by Henry Cornelius, a hundred thousand von Slotten" 2) a novel by an Arabic writer of the 12th century. Ibn-Tufail "Alive, the blue of the Guardian of God", shho viyshov in Oxford in Latin in 1671, and then three times revisited in English until 1711 3) Afri Ben's novel "Orunoko, for a slave of the Kingdoms", 1688, squeezing into the image of P 'yatnitsi; 4) John Bunyan's allegorical novel "The Pilgrim's Shlyakh" (1678); 5) allegorical narratives and parables, ancient to the puritanical democratic literature of the 17th century, De, after Vislov A. Elistratova, "The spiritual development of the people was passed on behind the help of borderingly simple, everyday concrete details, again at once from the primed, highly significant moral sense" ... Defoe's book, appearing in the middle of the great literature about the road, has overwhelmed England at that hour: information and information about swimming, memoirs, schoolchildren, and the purchase of music notes її Dosyagnennya і Literary Priyomi. And in addition, Yak justly stands for A. Chameev, Robinson Crusoe, because of the form, and behind the zest, the novel is very innovative. from explicit documentary, tradition of memoir genre with pictorial philosophical parables " .II.2. Genre novel The plot of the novel "Robinson Crusoe" falls into two parts: one describes the story, tied with the hero's huge butts, transferred to Batkivshchyna; another part is a hermitage on the island. Notification is carried out from the first individual, due to the effect of plausibility, the author of the text says. However, if the genre of the novel is close to the description of the genre of the real story (marine chronicle), it is impossible to name the plot of a purely chronicle. The numerical world of Robinson, who is in touch with God, repeat, I will describe how he felt, navantazyuchi razpovid emotional and symbolic warehouse, expand the scope of the genre design of the novel. It is not without reason that the novel "Robinson Crusoe" has been stuck with a lack of genre values: a useful educational novel (V. Dibelius); adventure novel (M. Sokolyansky); novel vikhovannya, a treatise about nature vikhovannya (Jean-Jacques Rousseau); spiritual autobiography (M. Sokolyansky, J. Gunther); an acute utopia, an alegorical parable, "a classic idyll of a vilny pіdpriєmnistva", "a whitish translation of the Lockean theory of a suspicious agreement" (A. Ulistratova). Zgіdno M. Bakhtinim, the novel "Robinson Crusoe" can be called Romanized memoirs, with ample "aesthetic structure" and "aesthetic navmisnistyu" (according to L. Ginzburg -). Yak stands for A. Elistratov: "Robinzon Crusoe" Defoe, the prototype of the enlightened realistic novel in the still not inclinations, unmembered viglyadi, which is the same in the lifeless literary genres " ... The grain of truth is to be found in all of them. So, "The emblem of adventure, - write M. Sokolyanskiy, - it is not easy є the presence of the word "adventure" (nature) is still in the name of the creator " ... The title of the Yakraz Varto novel has: "Life and Divovizhnі Use ...". Dal, adventure - a kind of a podії, ale of a podії superstitious. And yet the very plot of the novel "Robinson Crusoe" is an extraordinary podіya. Above Robinson, Crusoe Defoe made a kind of educational experiment, throwing it on a deserted island. In other words, Defoe teaming up with real suspicious sounds, and the practicality of Robinson has become in the form of a country. Tsei element and become a fantastical nucleus of the novel and at once a secret place of its special addiction. Signs of spiritual autobiography in the novel are the very form of the message, which is dominant in the given genre: memoir-schodennikovy. The elements of the novel vikhovannya take revenge in the worlds of Robinson and its opposite self-determination and nature. Yak write K. Atarov: "To look at the novel in its entirety, the whole state-of-the-art TV series falls into a number of episodes, typical for bellethristic roads (the so-called imaginaire"), popular in the 17th-18th centuries. At the same hour, the central place in the novel is devoted to the theme of the development and spiritual formation of the hero " ... A.Elistratova stands for, scho: "Defoe in" Robinson Crusoe "is already in close proximity to the educational" novel Vikhovannya " ... The novel can be read as an allegorical parable about the spiritual fall and the revival of people - in these words, as written by K. Atarov, "Speak about the reluctance of a lost soul, covered with the original sin and through the beast to God, I knew the way until the next day." ."Defoe is not without reason having poured in the third part of the novel on the yogo allegorical sense,- the meaning of A. Elistratov. - Reverent earnestness, from how Robinzon Crusoe thinks about his life, I think about it, I think about it’s worth, Suvor’s scrupulousness, because it’s the fault of analyzing my soul’s similarity, I’m thinking about everything. pilgrim "" J. Benyan. Robinson to bash the manifestation of the divine promise in the skin of his life, he was perceived by the prophets from below ... shipwreck, self-reliance, deserted island, heap of wilds - all are made for him by divine punishments " ... If Robinzon understands that it’s a "divine promise", and if it’s a bit of a tragic situation, it’s just punishment and spokut for the sin. To navigate the dates are presented by heroes as comprehended and symbolic ( "Graceful life and life brought forth", - pidrakhovu Crusoe, - regretted for me on the same day " , 30 Veresnya). Zgіdno J. Starr, Robinson is in two hypostases - both as a sinner, and as a goddess. "Stare at such comprehension of the book, - the meaning of K. Atarov, and the interpretation of the novel, as a variation of the biblical story about the prodigal son: Robinson, who despised the joy of the dad, who has abandoned his father’s house, acting, coming through the gods, making to the city for repentance, giving you peace and prosperity in the endless rakhunka. " "At the backward literary knowledge, - meaning M. Sokolyanskiy, - especially in the new stories the plot of "Robinson Crusoe" is not often interpreted as a modification of the myth about the prophet Yoni. At the same time, the ear of life is active, in power to the hero Defoe ... In "Knizi of the Prophet Ioni" the biblian hero figuru himself is like a prophet ...; the hero Defoe in the role of the provincial zovsim is not vistupa ... " ... It’s not like that. Robinson’s very intuitive insight, so it’s just like and from below you can go for the transfer, wiklican zgori. Ale dali: "Life and they will increase the management of the All-powerful ... Robinzon, as it is rich to pray, in his activity is active, and in truth creative activity, Creativity, wine longevity does not allow to take it off as a modification of the old-time Yoni " ... The lucky old man E. Meletinskiy vvazhaє novel by Defo s yogo "Setting on by-beat realism" "Seriously on the way to demi-phologizatsiya literatury" ... Tim for an hour, as if we were already conducting parallels between Defoe's and Biblian's novel, then it would be better to ask for a match with the book "Buttya". Robinzon on the basis of the current light, the view of the acute light, ale of the seen and of the bourgeois world of pure intellectual creativity. Just as the heroes of the next and the onset of the "robinzonads" play in the ready, even before them the lights (real or fantastic -application, Gulliver), then Robinson Crusoe will light crock by croc like God. The entire book is dedicated to a thorough description of the creation of objectivity, multiplicity and material growth. The act of the whole creation, rozbitnaya on the impossibility of the moment, so lustful, but the basis of it is not only the history of people, but the history of the whole world. Robinson has an enemy of God-like, it is declared not in the form of a Letter, but in the form of a living companion. The arsenal of the authorities in the Writings is present in the new and the righteous: the memorials (the numerical joy of Robinzon from the old drives, which is given in the way), the allegorical parables, about the calendars of the scholars (calendars), the calendars , team-building (first day, etc.), maintenance of biblian genera (the most common in Robinson's genealogies is occupied by growers, creatures, vrozhay, mountaineers, etc.). The bibliya in "Robinson Crusoe" of the Nemov is referred to understated, inhabited, third-class rivn. It’s simple and available behind the wiklad, ale ‘smartly’ and neatly in the interpretation of the Holy Writ, so the call itself and stylistically simple, or, at the same hour, the plot and ideally ‘Robinzon’. Defoe himself drukovano singing, that everything is not useful for Robinson, as an allegorical representation of dramatic twists and turns in his own life. Bagato and the details bring the novel to the point of being a psychological novel. "Children of the past, - write M. Sokolyanskiy, - not without giving rise to the significance of the creativity of Defoe-romance for the formation of a European (and first for all English) psychological novel. The author of "Robinson Crusoe", depicting life in the forms of life itself, taking respect not only for the new light, but for the hero, but for the inner light of the misleading religious people " ... And for the still respected E. Zimmerman, "Defoe, in deyakie vidnosyny, a bandage between Benyan and Richardson. For Defoe's heroes ... a physical light є faintly reminiscent of a sign of a greater important reality ..." .II.3. Credibility of notification (upon receipt of verification) The structure of Defoe's novel "Robinson Crusoe" by the Viconan in the form of self-narration, framed in the viglyadya after the memoirs of a young boy, is informal. The points of view of the character and the author are identical, and, more precisely, the point of view of the character is by one, the author of the text is abstracted. The space-time plan has a chronical and retrospective aspect. The author's head was put on the best verification, in order to give his creations the maximum reliability. In addition, in the very "editorial front" Defo stverdzhuvav, "Tse rozpovid - deprive Suvore of the viclades of facts, in the new German ni tini vimislu"."Defoe, - yak write M. and D. Urnovi, - Being in this country and at that hour before this auditor, the vigados were not recognized in principle. Tom, fixing the same groo with the readers as i Cervantes ... ... One of the main figures of Defoe's indicative manner just once and to become credibility, credibility. This is not an original buv. In the interest before the fact, and not before the vimislu, there was a characteristic tendency of the era, in the yak Defoe is alive. The amusement within the framework of the authentic bulo with the initial characteristic of the adventurous and psychological romance. "Navigate to" Robinson Crusoe ", - yak pіdkreslyuvav M. Sokolyanskiy, - de the role of hyperbole is great, everything is superbly suited to the quality of reliability and flexibility " ... The new one has no supernatural. fiction itself "Made up of reality, but it is not rendered with realism" ... "Vidmoviti dedovirnishe truth", - this is Defoe's principle, according to his own way of formulating the law of creative typizatsiya. "The author of" Robinson Crusoe ",- by name M. and D. Urnovi, - buv maystrom a plausible vigadi. The winners of the trimati are those who have already become nazivati "logic diy" in recent times - the overconfidence of the behavior of the heroes in the surroundings of those who have already been passed over " ... Thoughts of the past in the drive of ways to reach the charming illusion of plausibility in Defoe's novel are very different. Prior to these methods, they were staged: 1) the beast to the memoir and schodennik form; 2) the acceptance of the author's self-indulgence; 3) the introduction of "documentary" support reports, copies, and records; 4) report details; 5) the general visibility of literature (simplicity); 6) "aesthetic navism"; 7) vmіnnya store zvnіshnіy viglyad of the subject in whole and to convey it in non-bogatokh words; 8) vminnya brehati and brehati overconfidence. All information in the novel "Robinson Crusoe" is conducted from the first individual, the eyes of the hero himself, through internal light... The author of the novel povnistyu vilucheno. Denmark does not accept only the illusion of plausibility, giving the novel the visibility of the eyewitness document, but serves as a purely psychological way of the character's self-reflection. Yaksho Cervantes, on which Defoe is organized, will be his "Don-Quichot" at the viglyadi gri with the reader, in which the deceitful person can be used to describe the eyes of a stranger, who told about them from the book of the third-eyed, his visionary, who ... .. etc., then Defoe will follow the same rules: rules of reference. Win ni on whom not to trust, not to quote, the eyewitness will describe everything that has become itself. The most subtle type of notification will allow and validly appear in the text without any misprints and pardons. The eyewitness is not able to fix everything in memory and take it into the logic of the passage. The lack of clarity of the plot in this way to serve other evidence of the truth of what is described. "The very monotony and the slowness of the cich pererahuvan,- write K. Atarov, - On the other hand, is it so boring to vigaduwati? However, in the detail of dry and meager descriptions є its own charm, its own poetry and its own artistic novelty " ... Finding the numerical errors in the detailed inventory does not violate the credibility (for example: "Having sprung up, I escaped by the water ...", but, having come to the ship, "... having filled the teeming with breadcrumbs and on the go" ; for if the very form of the vitriman itself is not posledivnoy, and alerts are often introduced into the housewife in the house, about how it seems like it’s less important: for example, I’ll write down 27 worms in the following way: "To navigate in peace, if, according to proper thought, I have learned my camp ..." etc.). Yak write to M. and D. Urnovi: "Spravzhnist", creatively opened, does not shine. To find mercy in the maritime right and geography, to find disagreement in the notification of Defoe shvidshe for all admitting it, please all the same plausibility, for the most truthful notifications in some way, it will be merciful " ... The credibility of the novel is true to the truth itself. Acknowledgments from critics, who report back to Defo's creation of the world of modern aesthetics, becoming a place for you in the overworldly optimism, which seems to be unbelievable. So, Watt wrote, from the point of view of the current psychology, Robinson is maw bi to go out of the way, or zdichaviti, or zagyuti. However, the plausibility of the novel, which Dafoe so dominated, is not made only to the point of being naturalistic, reaching identity with action in all the details; It’s not the style of the call, but the inner, which is the way Defoe’s educational spirit is brought into the people-worker and the creator. M. Gorky wrote about good things: "Zola, Goncuri, our Pisemskiy - plausible, tse so, Ale Defoe -" Robinson Crusoe "and Cervantes -" Don-Quichot "is closer to the truth about a man, not" natural ", photographs" ... It is impossible to skip the rakhunks, as the image of Robinzon is "ideal tasks" and in the singing world є symbolic, but to see this absolutely special place in the literature of English Education. "With all good-quality concreteness, - write A. Elistratov, - of that factual material, from how to stick your Defoe, the whole image, the fewer attachments to the creepy real boob, more and more insignificant and annoying references to your own internal change, no more evocative characters, Foollet's The literature is celebrated here by Prospero, the great and self-sufficient magician-humanist Shakespeare "Bury", and by Faust Goethe " ... In the whole sense "Descriptions Defoe the moral feat of Robinzon, as if his spiritual man was like and who knows something in an hour of his acute life, absolutely unbelievable - it’s because of the fact that it’s a bit of a wickedness. Robinson, bringing the strength of the human spirit and will to life and crossing the unprecedented possibilities of the human rights, wines and laxity in the struggle with the inconveniences and transitions " ... The island life of Robinzon is a model of capitalistic virobnstva and the stem of the capital, which is connected in conjunction with the daily purchase and sale and any kind of exploitation. Utopia pratsi of its own kind. II.4. simplicity Artistic way to achieve the reliability of the simplicity. Yak write K. Atarov: "Kryshtalevo is clear, zeal, I would like to, be it a child, the book is committed to being given an analytical way, not revealing the secret of its inconceivable charm. The phenomenon of simplicity is more important than accepting a cryptic, self-contained ."Do not marvel at the great number of details, - prodovuє won, - Defoe's prose celebrates the hostility to simplicity, laconicism, and crystal clearness. Before us is deprived of a statement of facts, but a mirkuvannya, an explanation, an inventory of the severity of the soul to a minimum. Pathetics and zovsim neman " ... Zvychayno, Defoe did not persist in writing simply. "Ale, - yak means D. Urnov, - Defoe himself will be the first to become possible, to be the last to the last creator of simplicity. Having learned that "simplicity" is not the same object of imaging, as if it were the same, as rice of an individual or character, as if it were the most folding object for imaging ... " ."Yakbi was powered by me, - having respect for Defoe's yakos, - if I do it with a thorough style, for my own, then I will see it ... that I do it with such my own, beastly on something, up to five hundred people of middle and old health (including all those who were) who were divine by them the very same sense, in every kind of wines who want to be smart. " Here, eyewitness, I’m going to tell you, in the past, a merchant, a worker, a sailor, and it’s not a matter of writing to me. The simplicity of the boolean style is the same proof of the truthfulness of what is described, as is the case. The simplicity was given to the pragmatic, powerful hero in all the ways. Robinzon marveled at the sight of a dealer, a manager, an accountant. The text is literally ryasnіє of the kind of pіdrakhunks and sums, yogo documentary - the accounting type. Robinson is all pidrakhovuє: bits of barley grains, bits of sheep, gunpowder, shots, wines from everything: from a few days to a bit of good and evil, which were trap in your life. A pragmatist to get involved in seeing God. The digital p_drakhunok prevails over the descriptive side of objects and appearances. Pidrahuvati is important for Robinson, not to be described. In pererahuvanni, pіdrakhunku, poznachennі, fіksatsії it is not only a bourgeois call to accumulation, obliku, ale and the function of creation. Date given, add to the catalog, pidrahuvati means open. Similar to the creative bookkeeper of the power of the Holy Scripture: "I naming Adam the name of all thinness and the heavenly birds and all the beasts we love" [But.2: 20]. Defoe called his simple and clear style "home". And his witness to the readers, it is worthy to D. Urnov, having been on the Shakespeare stage of the roll call of the spirits in "The Tempest", if, barking and showing all sorts of plausible tricks, the stench will lead the way around the island. I can't describe Defoe, vin, behind the words of D. Urnov, "The first for everything is simply transferring the simplicity of the house and the staff to the whole change in the name, vlasne, in which it is most advantageous - as the spring is in the middle of the shtvkhaє word by word:" Years of the boards, help me and revitalize the earth. However, it was just the boards, the truth is simple, because we didn’t catch our bio respect, but here everything is “just” just on the lookout, for the most part - , details, like vreshty-resht and "chew" to read uvagu - boards, grim, blisk, gunpowder ... in Shakespeare: "Curl, whimper, shit! Fell, bliskavka! Lit, angry! "- cosmically shocked in the light and in the soul. In Defoe - the everyday psychological details of the knowledge" for his gunpowder ": an ear of that realism, which we know in the modern skin books ... ... Yak the butt can be guided by the Robinzon world to drive the most advanced projects, and the merged from the wilds: "Coming into my head a viry hole in that place, they burned a fire, and put five-six pounds of gunpowder in it. , there was a gunpowder Skoda, which I have lost more than a barrel, but in a different way, I didn’t get the chance to sing, but the vibuh will become the same, if the stench is picked up by the vognischa " ... Vinnik in the presence of a species of distribution, vibuhu, a planned, not safe, fit the hero with an accurate accounting clerk and an absolutely solid analysis of the situation, including, from the purely bourgeois complaint of a robust product, I am so fierce go to nature, feeling the master and puritan. The price of extraordinary eccentricity, lack of privacy, talent for everyday life, prosaicity and scrupulousness, when looking at a blind eyeless opening, is not only supervisingly, the intelligent image of the hero, ale, purely purely harsh. It is very useful to be created here before describing the kind of speeches, the growth of motherhood, creation in one pure, pristine viglyad. The act of creation, we will break it down in parts, will be described with detailed details of the surrounding functions - and become an enchanting magnitude. To the long-awaited speeches to the sphere of Defoe's mystery, behind K. Atarova's vistula, I endlessly "extend the cordon of aesthetic sense of action for posterity." See the same effect of "defamiliarisation" about what Shklovsky V. wrote about, if she herself zvichana rіch and the very everyday life, being the subject of a painting, filling it up like a bi noviy vimir - aesthetic. English critic Wat pisav, scho "Robinson Crusoe", the savagely, the first novel in that sense, as well as for the fabulous information, in which the main artistic accent of breakdowns on the everyday busyness of the peasant people " ... However, it would be unreasonable to build all of Defoe's realism to the point of simply stating the facts. Pathetics, in which Defoe is depicted by K. Atarov, is contained in the very wickedness of the book, and, moreover, in the hero's unprecedentedly simple-minded reactions to that tragic approach and in his beasts to the all-powerful. To West's thought: "Defoe's realism is not just a statement of fact, it’s a sign of fact, I’m thinking of the creative people of the people. It’s listening to us, it’s overtaking us ourselves in the reality of facts ... The whole book is prompted for this” ."Purely human pathos of nature's roots, - write A. Elistratov, - changes in the first and most important part of "Robinzon Crusoe" pathos of commercial adventures, timidly suspiciously familiar with the proverses of the details of "work and days" of Robinson, who are afraid of all the right ... Smite Bachiti a significant ethical sense in the prose details to the haunted life of Defoe, to the thought of A.Elistratova, borrowed from Benyan, so it is in itself both simplicity and variability of movi, that it is safe to have an average closeness to the living of the people. II.5. Notification form. composition The composition of Defoe's novel "Robinson Crusoe" based on the concept of V. Shklovsky is the same in both the composition of the direct hour and the principle of naturalness. The linearity of the notification does not carry the same task development of diy, Powerful classical literature, and is ordered by sub-active heroes for an hour. Describing the lectures, the days and the years of their moving to the islands, in some of the wines, they easily jumped over a few rocks, guessing about them in two rows: "Two times before my life, the bully is still young.";"Having instructed twenty somiy rik I am full of" ;"... zhakh i ogidu, led me by wild nonhumans, poured me into a frown on my mood, and two years later I sat in that part of the island, de-blooming my land ..." ... The principle of naturalness allows the hero to often turn to what has been said, or to forget far ahead, introducing into the text numerical repetition and foreshadowing, which, as a matter of fact, as well as the fact of the hero's past by admitting inaccuracies in the text, pardons and alogisms, they create natural and marginally reliable fabrics. At the pre-island part, the presence of rice has a composition of the final hour, a retrospection, an announcement from the beginning. In his own romance, Defoe came across two priyomi rozpovidі, the power of the literature of the roads, the number of notes and sounds, tobto. Literature to the fact replace the literature to the Vimislu: the pricey and help. Robinson has a statistic of facts, and in his memoirs he has an estimate. The memoir form itself is not one-sided. The pochatkov_y part of the novel has the structure of reporting the vitriman in a manner that is imperious to the genre of life. Accurately turn into rik, the mice of the hero's people, yogo im'ya, sim'ya, navchannya, the fate of life. I am aware of the hero's biography, but I do not see any of these biographies. "I was born in 1632 in the city of York, in a more important homeland, I want not to be in a proper place: my father came from Bremen and had a chance to rule in Hull. yak, yaka lay down to the old-fashioned family, but mav the nickname Robinson. earth words, Rebuilt into Crusoe " ... All life was repaired by the rank. Slid to mean that at the beginning of his first novel Defoe was inspired by the work of Shakespeare and the "Don-Khota" by Cervantes, who directly inherited the rest (so I read two novels, the miracles in one style and] for. Gotuvav sina in law, Alea Robinson buried herself in the sea in contrast to the benevolent mothers and friends. "It was more fatal in the whole of the natural world, it was less daunting, but it was a bit of a part of it"... At the same time, the adventurous laws and the formulation of the notification structure come into force, the basis of the adventure is laid with love to the sea, yak and daє shipping podiyam. To see a rozmov with a dad (yak known Robinzon, a prophet), in the course of a daddy on ships, a storm, for the joy of a friend, turn around to the same prophet, a new way, busy with a trade for a Guinean, a purchase in a yak , flowing to the longboat with the boy Ksury, the rise of the road and the love of the pipelines of the Uzbek coast, the start of the journey with the Portuguese ship and the arrival to Brazil, the robot on the plantation of the flower cane stretching for 4 rockets, turning the ship into the order of the planter, the merchant , storm, landing of the ship on the miline, the trouble on the sloop, the bend of the boat, landing on the island. All prices are on 40 sides of the chronological frame of the text. Fixing from the attachment to the island, the structure is known to change from an adventurous-useful manner to a memoir-schodennik. Change the style of the message, transitioning from a quick, squeezed appearance, crushed with wide strokes, to a scrupulous soil, descriptive plan. The very adventurous ear of another part of the novel of the same kind. Yakshho in the first part of the adventure, the hero himself has collapsed, be aware, that youmu "Judged by myself, I will not be sorry for everyone." Then, in another part of the novel, he has become no longer a guilty party of adventure, but an object of the whole process. Robinson's own gamble is active, mainly until the renewal of the consumed light. Change and straighten the distribution. As soon as in the pre-island part, the warning is lined up, then in the out-of-the-island part, the line breaks down: by inserts; Robinson's mirkuvanni and spogads; yogo by atrocities before God; repetitions and bagatorazim spіvpervivannym s drive the podіy, so trapilis (for example, with the drive of the wicked wіdbitka next; try to the hero, feeling the fear of driving the wilds; turning thoughts to the way іt іt woke up. If Defoe's novel can not be brought to the psychological genre, protest in some turnings, repetition, but the stereoscopic effect of creating action (both materially and spiritually) is manifested, it seems that psychologism is appealing, I want to "become that" there is The theme of evil and dashing was the leitmotif of the pre-island part of the novel. About her, Robinson repeatedly prophesies her friends, dad, he himself. Kilka raziv vin mayzhe faithfully repeat the thought about those who "Yakes tamne the well-being of the omnipotent fate of the sponukє we will be friends of your mighty bend" ... This is a theme that prompts the lineage of the adventurous announcement of the first part and to include in its memoir an ear of advancing spogads (with a syntactic tautology), є with a certain allegorical thread of Until those, only in a zestful image, Robinzon innocently turn on the islands, as to enjoy the image of God Kari. Let's love Robinson's turn on the island. "With a hand of all the island robinzona, - write A. Elistratov, - One and the same situation have developed quite differently: Robinzon will be built, before him - "a miracle, an act of unprecedented involvement in your life of heavenly providence, someone of satanic forces." Ale, having settled down, must come before the time of the day, because everything that has so opposed him can be explained by the very natural, earthly reasons. The internal struggle between puritanism and rationalism is being carried out with the help of a strong military man with a wintry success " ... On the thought of Y. Kagarlitsky, "Romani Defoe is amused by the broken plot and will be around the hero's biography, as a result of his successes and failures" ... The genre of memoirism, once and for the transmission, we can see the lack of fragmentation of the plot, as, in such a rank, it is possible to overcome the illusion of plausibility. Even more such an illusory volodya is a schooler. Defoe's novel, however, cannot be called plot-wise. Navpaki, a skin towel at a new strilaє, and described in a new one, those that are needed by the hero and nothing more. Laconicity in the accounting reports, which depicts the same practical warehouse for the hero's mind, testifies to the insight into the hero's psychology, grown up with him, as the subject of the posture you need to respect. Robinson to us the plots of intelligence and it is visible, the plots of glimpses, well, to build, and mumble about it. Ale zrozumіliy win us Defoe's staff, all the system of yogo notifications. Then you should be cleanly grounded by Robinson (without the middle in the worlds) and Defoe (through the last of the pods) the allegorical-metaphysical interpretation of the podias! Navigate the P'yatnytsia's belts to fit into the biblian alegoria. "And having called Adam the name of all thinness and the heavenly birds and all the beasts we will love; but for a man who does not know a friend, like a yom" [Booth. 2:20]. The first axis is the share to create for the Robinson of the father-in-law. For five days, God has dissolved life and live the soul. Tubilets to Robinson himself in P'yatnytsya. The narrative structure itself, behind its own open, rosy form, on the basis of a closed one in the strict framework of the rules and plot lines the structure of classicism, which is closer to the structure of the sentimental novel and the romance of romanticism with respect to the vinyatkovy circumstances. The novel in the singing sense is a synthesis of various informal structures and artistic primes: suitable for a novel, a sentimental novel, a utopian novel, a life novel, a chronicle novel, memoirs, parables, philosophical novel, etc. Talk about the recollection of memoirs and parts of the novel, asking for the food: just to make it stronger and more reliable than you know Defoe to introduce a friend or a gravel and I like the function? M. Sokolyanskiy write: "The food about the role of a young man and a memoir ear in the artistic system of the novel" Robinson Crusoe "is presented by Chimaliy Interes. I was born in 1632 in York, in a good family ... " having survived the accident of the ship, prowl one wound on a deserted island. For this moment, a great part of the novel is to be repaired, but there is a great headline - "The Younger" (Journal]. in the hour of beating until such a form, it was announced in the book of Defoe, historically true. At 17 centuries in the Puritan family, in which the special character of the hero was found, the author's authored... Food about the genetic link between the novel by Defoe and the "spiritual autobiography" of appearances from J. Starr's book. At the first days of moving to the islands, they do not have sufficient equilibrium of spiritual strength and stability of the soul, the hero promises to send a young man (like a confessional form) before the "spiritual autobiography". "Schodennik", - as you write about the novel "Robinson Crusoe", the lucky old man E. Tsimmerman, - to fix it all, as a reversal of what has become day after day, ale nezabar Crusoe will start to interpret the story from a greater point of view. The view from the school form is often overlooked: however, since it becomes obvious, the variation of the formula: "I will turn to my friend" is a vicious one in order to turn backward until the structure ... Slide means that it is also a change of one form in іnshu and navpaki to bring to a number of pardons, if in the schodenny form there are strains on the offensive steps, or to find a clue about them, as written in the power of the memoir genre, and not in a typical watchmaker zbigayutsya. On the other hand, there are some kind of intertwined mistakes in the whole genre. "I want the word" Schodennik "and I have seen an intermediate title,- meaning vin, - days and dates (a formal sign of a schooler) are indicated on a number of sides. Some of the signs of the familiar manner of reporting are manifested in the early episodes right up to the rise of Robinson's departure from the island. In the whole, the novel is characterized not only by the knowledge, but by the integration of the schoolboy and memoir form " ... Talking about "Robinson Crusoe", it is impossible to forget it, but before us is an artist mistification, a guessing of a schodennik. Likewise, the yak wigadan is a memoir form. A number of preliminaries, ignorant tse, pardons are admitted, the novel is brought to the documentary genre. For example, Dennis Nigel Stverdzhu, "Robinson Crusoe" - "Tse zhurnalisticheskiy tvir, in essence, those who called it a" documentary book ", for the rude, unbroken viklad of simple facts ..." ... True, a collection of novels of visions is anonymous, and Defoe, having put on the mask of a publisher, in the Editor's Note, singing the reader in the authenticity of the text written by Robinson Crusoe himself. V cob XIX v. Walter Scott has done well with the security of the version. Until then, it was obvious that the "aesthetic ness" of the memoirs of Robinson Crusoe, a pupil of Robinson Crusoe, was obviously "aesthetic", said L. Ginzburg and M. Bakhtin. To that, Defoe's novel is judged by the laws of schodennikov's literature, as the writer's confederates were robbed, in our hour to be seen as incompetent. First for everything "aesthetic navmisnist" or mistified the nature of a schooler is often seen before the reader: "The reader can say so, as I have picked up an ear, if the stench has ripened" (Record from 3 days); "Tim, having already heard a part of my message, it doesn't matter if you believe it ..." (Record of worm 27); "Described in a new podії is rich in what else we see in chitachevі"(Entry to the step-by-step) etc. Dal, I will describe it quite well, being induced by Robinson in two -in the memoir form and in the schodennikov, and the memoir describes the front of the schodenniki, which also introduces the effect of the hero's separation to its own kind: on the one who lives on the island and the one who describes life. For example, two are described by the rhythm of the peppers - in the memoirs and in the schoolboy; the future of the fence - in the memoirs and in the schoolboy; Two descriptions of the days from the trip to the islands on the 30th spring of 1659 r before the descent of today - in the memoirs and in the schoolboy. "The form of a memoir, - pidsumovu M. Sokolyansky, - She gave the whole novel a singing freedom, zooseredivaya respect of the reader not on the basis of the hero - from Robinson, in the significant part of the novel, people just see it all day - but on the first thoughts and thoughts in their interconnection. Such a visible monologue was underestimated for an hour not only by the readers, but by the literators ... " .II.6. Dramaticism and dialogue The protest against the novel "Robinson Crusoe" in the meaning of the world of power and dialogue, ignorant of the memoir-of-the-day form of the message, but the dialogue of the interior, as a polarity in the fact that in the novel, people are constantly sounding individuma. Dialogue to the novel of the Pole and in a superlative way, like Robinzon Crusoe knows himself with himself, with a twofold rite to explain everything that has become with him (rational and rational way]. Yogo spyrozmovnik є in God himself. chergovy time consuming faith and intelligence, for the Lord "in such a rank, fear has taken away from my soul, be like hope for God, all my hopes for God, like being grounded on the surface of a miracle, prove my kindness to me", Robinson, in a paragraph below my thoughts "Then I thought, that God is not only just, ale and all-good: I do not care so much, but I can and allow me to be guilty; if it’s not to be hurt, then there’s my bondage, I’m afraid of your will. encouraging and praying yo, and also wondering innocently, do not send me a banner that bends his will " ... (More details about the aspect will be said in II.8). The mystery of the charming notification in flowing into the face of fears and fears in the minds of the people, in the colossus (conflicts): between Robinson and nature, between Robinzon and God, between them and dikuns, between the throngs of nature, і cіkavіstyu, with youth as self-determination and spіlkuvannya, pracea and rosodіlom, etc. The book, however, did not touch anyone, behind C. Dickens’s hanging, neither hesitating, nor posters, is protestingly dramatic. "The drama of Robinzoni Defoe, - the sign of A. Elistratov, - The first for all natural vinyatka is from the vinyatkovy surroundings, in which the hero is leaning, the vikinutia sent a ship accident to the shores of an unattended island, ruined in the ocean. Dramatic and the very process of step-by-step insight and advancement of a new light. Dramatic and unsuccessful accomplishments, sorcerers, wondrous podias, and thus receive natural explanations. It’s not less dramatic in the images of Defoe by Robinson Crusoe. ... Vidkritiy dialogue, except for urivchastnyh replicas in the pre-island part of the art, in its own general communication will be deprived of in the end of the island part, with the appearance of P'yatnitsa. The rest of the story will be conveyed navmno with stylistic constructions, cried out to characterize the look of a simple-minded savage: "If God is more powerful and more can he kill, why shouldn't the devil be driven in, why not evil?" .II.7. Emotion and psychology C. Dickens, whispering the clues of the visible rubbing between the streams dry, in the informal manner of Defoe and the hostile manner, amazed by the power, and marvel at the rank of Defoe's book, yak "Not yet to whom I have not echoed nor smіz, nor slіz", protesting "Great popularity" , Priyshov to visnovka, for the artistic charm of "Robinson Crusoe" to serve "A miraculous proof of the strength of pure truth" ... From a leaf to Walter Savage Lender on 5 April 1856, writing about those "As a miraculous proof of the strength of pure truth, the fact that one of the most popular books on the light of day did not touch or flicker, or posters. I’m going to wake up, so far no soullessness has been written (in the direct sense of the word) of the scene of the death of P'yatnitsa. I often re-read the book, and the more I contemplate the guessing fact, the more the less "Robu" viroblyaє and on me, and on all, the enmity is so strong and so I will flush us " ... Surprisingly, as at Defoe, I will feel laconic (simplicity) and emotionalism in the transmission of the hero's soul on the butt, I will describe the bendings of P'yatnitsa, with the drive of such Ch.Dickens writing, but "we cannot expect to experience it," among the readers a little bit, for the blame of one love. "I take it stverjuvati, - writing C. Dickens on the sheets to John Forster 1856 r - Well, in all the literature of light, there is no more flamboyant butt in every day of the day to take a stretch at a distance, but not a description of the death of P'yatnytsia. Heartlessness is also like in "Gilles Blaz", albeit in order and kudi is more terrible ... " ... P'yatnytsya guinea fair as unsupported and ours, in two rows. His death is described succinctly and simply. One word, vibrates from the by-word lexicon and does not have an emotional charge - "nevimovne" torment. First, the description of Defoe supervodzhu was described: about 300 shot was fired, on Friday it was consumed 3 shot and 3 more - booted. Supplemented by sentimental vividness, the picture remains in its pure, borderlessly bare viglyad. "Truth, - yak write Urnov, - to be seen in another, not far away volume, and in the first few times the most famous episodes are in decile rows, in non-magical words. Glancing to the left, sleeping on a tree and, nareshti, that moment, if Robinson on unhooking stitches bounces next to human legs - everything is even short. Inodi Defo, start talking about the feeling, ale mi, it’s not remembered. Become the fear of Robinson, if, having pushed a trace on the stitch, sped up to home, or joy, if you feel the call of a tame papuga, it will be forgotten, and if you do not mind, you will be imaged in detail. At least, the reader will know about everything that is needed by the nobility, everything, everything, everything. In such a rank, the "soullessness" of Defoe is methodical on the kshtalt hamlet "bozhevillya". Yak and "fairness" Robinzonov and "Fit", even "insensibility" from the ear and to the end of the window, by the way ... And the name of the same is "insensibility" ... ... A similar manner of imaging was inspired by the Russian writer A. Platonov on the ear of the 20th century, for the sake of reaching the greatest effect, glad to put in the view of the world the picture of the picture and the world of demography. Zgіdno A. Platonov, the most zhakhliv scenes are guilty but they were described by the most dry, borderline-imaginary ones. This is the manner of the image to corrode and Defoe. You can be allowed to roar with a hail of wiggles and thoughts from the drive of an insignificant reason, even more terrible notification, three suvoriches and a more fearful style. For example, the yak Defoe axis will describe the display by Robinson of the Kanibalsky Benquette: "The seemingly awkward rank came over me, especially if, having gone down to the shore, I pushed the surplus to cope there with a stingy benquette: shelter, crumbs and crumples of human meat, like the sound of the light consumed with a light heart," ... Those are the naked facts of the presence in the "moral accounting" of Robinzon, in which he is guilty of a strict rahunok of good and evil. "However, the laconicism of the images, - yak write K. Atarov, - does not mean that Defoe is not transferring the spiritual camp of the hero. Aleksandr transferring wine sparingly and simply, not through abstract pathetic peace, but sooner through physical reactions of people " ... Virginia Wolfe meant what Defoe would describe now "Infused emotsiy on tilo: yak clenched hands, ztsipiv teeth ..."... Delivering often Defoe live a purely physiological description of the hero's reactions: extreme round, terrible tediousness, bluntness, foul sleep, scary bottom, tremulous pictures of tila, sleeplessness, etc. At the same time, the author of the doda: "Let the naturalist explain the phenomena and the reasons: everything I can describe the facts" ... Allowing such a thought to the witnesses of the past (for example, I. Wot) stverdzhuvati, for Defoe's simplicity is not an artistic installation, but the result of a simple, conscientious and accurate fixation of facts. From the point of view, take a look D. Urnov. At the prevalence of physiological components of the sensitive spectrum of the hero, the activity of his position is rotated. Be-like an experience, a pod_ya, zustr_ch, failure, a loss of wickedness at Robinson's diiu: fear-awakening to the corral of that fortress, cold-chill of the chickens, hunger -generated agricultural and cattle robots, tug-wondrous The activity is manifested in the most unprecedented response to any kind of spiritual ruch. Navigate from Robinson to start your activity. The passive, overlooked side of Robinson's nature is to manifest itself only in its znosin with God, in which it is seen, behind the words of A.Elistratova, super "Mіzh puritanical-mystical tlumachennym podії and voice rozumu" ... Similar activity is the text itself. The skin of the word, which is written for the other words, ruins the plot, being a semantically active and independent component of the development. Semantic ruch in romance is identical to rukh of meaning and volodya of spaciousness. The skin proposition is to revenge in oneself the image of a conceived, abruptly spacious change, a vchinka, and a mesmerizing inner and outward activity. Vono played in the role of a motorcycle, for the help of which Defoe was without a mediocre heroism and plot, without giving any slackness to be lost in idleness. The entire text of the infestation is in ruh. The semantic activity of the text is twisted: 1) in the transcription of dynamic descriptions - they are not large for a large number of descriptions, which are included in the podiatry and do not relate to those - over static descriptions, which were made in the main before the subject-matter. There are two or three purely static descriptions of the presence: "Along the banks of the yogo, beautiful savannah stretched, or bows, ryvni, smooth, covered with grass, and far away, de lowland steadily passed into the moor ... I saw a great number of tyutyun with tall and tall stems. I haven’t bored nikoli before; it’s altogether possible, well, if I knew their power, I couldn’t be vicious from them. ” ."Before the sunset the sky cleared up, the wind pushed back, і a quiet, enchanting evening, the sun went down without a gloom і it also got clearer on the new day, і the smooth surface of the sea, when it was more or less more quiet, the whole picture was doused with it, presented a miracle I am not bachy yet " ... Dynamical descriptions are conveyed by expressive, short speeches: "The storm prodovzhuvala lutuwati with such power, well, for the insights of the sailors, I didn’t trample bachiti like that" "Raptom from the great pouring gloom, slashing the boards. Then a blizzard flashed and a terrible gurkit thunder burst through." ; 2) in words that are overwhelming in new words, which mean any kind of rukh (axis, for example, in one paragraph: vtik, zhopiiv, viliz, descending, defeating, rushing -); 3) in the way of making the propositions (practically in the day-to-day propositions with a folding syntactic construction, the most extended є compositional links); The propositions of the flooring smoothly pass one into the other, which cease to mention the subtleties: those who are called by Pushkin are called "the knowledge of style". The style is familiar, the very field of the described yak is visible to us without a presentiment of sight: "Winning at the hammered and asking for permission to go down with signs and look at the new one. I consumed it right in my chest, and the blood was heavy, but, according to all visibility, I saw the inner blood, death came mittєvo. behind me ... " ."Do not wait an hour, I’m at the gatherings until the end of the fire, having buried the towels I had left below, then I’ll go back to the mountain with the same speed, going down from the other side and run to the next trip.” ... 4) in the depletion of tension and efficiency of the development of the genie and of the quickness of the change in propositions: what is more stressing, this phrase is shorter and simpler, and navpaki; For example, in the stand, the phrase is not streamed by any interlaced phrase in 7 rows: "At those days I am in the most bloodthirsty mood and all my life hour (like, before the word say, I’m a bit bizarre!) , especially as I know the smell of being divided into two groups, as it will be the last time " ... At the stand, the phrase clasp together, transforming into subtly cutting the blade: "I can’t hang out, like an anxious hour of the boule for me, fifteen months. I slept badly, screaming from the bottom and often staring at me, throwing myself through the alley. One day I dreamed, I’m driving the wilds into the truth and inventing for the right.” not knowing any hvilini calm down " ... 5) at all present descriptions of the subject. The text is not re-encompassed with epithets, or even rhetorical embellishments by virtue of its semantic activity. Oskіlki semantics is synonymous with wide space, if you enter a word and a characteristic, it automatically goes into the plan of additional physical translations. I went to Robinson to see some kind of transfer to the islands, to get used to them in word-creation, with the simplicity of the wickedness (in the same words, in the imagination), which are seen as a folding magic word-word: "First, put the markings, I channeled in front of the deceased by a radius of a radius of ten yards, and even twenty yards in diameter. Then, for the whole drink, I stuffed in two rows the mice, as well as the palms in the ground. My frequent flyers were about five and a half years old: between two rows of necklaces, I covered no more than six inches of space. in the middle I will fence off the doors, for those who have prepared kinks a good one and a short one (close to two and a half feet) " ... The robot's copy and physical importance is described in a light and clear-cut style! Zgіdno M. Bakhtіnu, podіya є transition through the semantic border of the text. Fixing from the landing on the island, "Robinson Crusoe" was set up with similar transitions. First, as far as the island the progress is carried out smoothly, with a purely commercial report, then on the island the description of the report is similar to the background, passing into the rank of real creation. The biblіyna formula "The Word has booted, and the Word boiled with God, and the Word boiled for God" [Ioan. 1: 1] to be in "Robinson Crusoe" even more ideally. Robinson create light not only with his hands, but create it with a word, the very semantic space, acquiring the status of the space of the material. "I the Word became til, and passed between us" [Ioan. 1:14]. Robinson's word behind his semantic snake is identical to the subject, which means it, and the text is the subject itself. The mesmerizing simplicity of the notification, when the closest sight is seen, does not seem so simple. "With all its clear simplicity, - the meaning of K. Atarov, - Qia's book is wonderfully rich. About the deyakі її aspects and do not overlook the bitter lovers of English literature "... A.A. Elistratova, when the turns of the richness of the complex are drawn, it means, that: "With all the simplicity and non-fictionalness of Defoe's informative manner, his emotional palette is not as common as I can look from the first. Yaksho Defoe, as I respect Ch. Dickens, I will not listen to my placards, whether I am in my mind, spirit, sorrow, ambiguity, fear, see, hope and joy, and smut - make them wonder at the inevitable miracles of the creative earthly human life " ... True, in the іnshomu mіstіvona I will think, wow "From the point of view of the growing psychological realism of the XIX-XX centuries, Artists, behind the help of some Defoe, the image of the inner light of his hero, is created by small dimensions, and the region of the stagnation is interlaced" ... Protylezhnaya dummy will be met by K. Atarov, as you are more important in principle, wrong, more, "Yaki b" mіzernі "kosty nі zastosovav Defoe, I want to become a subtle psychologist for any hour" ... Evidence of the subtle psychological nature of the novel's indicative manner є: the number of "abductions", if the hero loses his mind on the islands, and at the same hour to rob the ringleaders, come in - I will be able to get to the Spanish tribal ship, feed the children, etc. Udavan the hero’s unseenness є by the manifestation of psychological glibini and overconfidence, by allowing, in the words of K. Atarova, "To create a mindful, rich-faceted image, which includes an abstract image of a human being in the back, and a biblian alegoria, and concrete biographical images of his own creator, and the plasticity of a realistic portrait" ... Psychological motive to reach the strong in the text. With the special power of Defoe to get lost in the nuances of the psychological camp of the people, wicked by persistent fear. "The theme of fear, - write K. Atarov, - to relate to the theme of the "historical" ... Robinson is afraid of everything: cuts his feet on the squeak, wilds, villains, God’s hazel, devil, self-reliance. The words "fear", "zhakh", "unaware of triviality" dominate in Robinson's lexicon when describing his mental state. However, the psychologism is static, it is not necessary to bring the hero himself to the point of change, and Robinson in the end of his transfer to the same island, as well as when visiting a new one. The idea of a 30-year-old wines turned into a suspension by the same merchant, bourgeois, pragmatist, who was the leader. Dickens introduced the static character of Robinson, if in 1856 he wrote in a sheet to John Forster: "Another part of the zagala is not good enough ... it won’t deserve a good word, I would like to see a person in them, whose character hasn’t changed by one iota for 30 years on a deserted island, - a big shouting innuendo is important. ... However, we also talked about those who Robinson Crusoe is not a characteristic, but a symbol, and in the very quality of its demand. Robinson is not those who are static psychologically - by no means, his turn in the out-of-the-way psychology camp with turn-overs in the out-of-pocket minds of the bourgeois life, as the rhythm, the pulse of life is set, and the type of people themselves is a dylka. The hero's turning on the primary path, let it go, after 30 years, signifies Defoe's all-crushing, all-encompassing motto of the bourgeois way of living, which has developed in its own way, and to finish the role function. In general, the result is the static nature of the hero's mental light to the novel in full. In the sharpest part of his life, in the form of the outrageous imposed by the suspension of role violence, the soul of the hero is without mediocrity and richness. M. and D. Urnovi give a simple explanation of the static character of the hero: they analyzed the development of the genre of "robinzonad" from the "Robinzon" , the stench in yak vіdmіtnu rice Defoe's novel means, scho: "Spovid Robinzon spoke about those who, in contrast to the human being, did not hurt himself, having lost himself" ... All the same, the same treatment does not seem to be overconfident. More quickly, it’s still about turning, inevitably turning around in oneself by imposing suspense, and not about static. Yak rightly stated by A. Elistratova: "The heroes of Defo do not want to fall back on the bourgeois suspension. I just didn’t stench against the power of the law, kudi didn’t throw this share, in the endless logic of the plot of the skin from the cichus of homeless vagabonds to the stormy" prehistoric " like a whole lot of respectable hulks " ... Robinzon's static character is struck by the reversal motive with its own dzherel. II.8. religious aspect Naybilsh is obvious psychology to the image of Robinson in his development to open up in his identity with God. Analyzing your life to and on the islands, looking at the same allegorical views of the parallel and metaphysical sense, Robinson write: "It's a pity! My soul did not know God: my good old dad look out for the memory of 8 years of unbeatable wilderness on the seas and the permanent conjunction with the same, as I myself, the atheists, go to the edge with the baiduzh up to the time. I do not remember." why for all the whole hour my thought would like to go to God ... I am in a kind of moral stupidity: praznennya to goodness and evidence of evil, bully me so alien ... about feeling good to the Creator for letting go of her ... " ."I have not seen God, nor God's judgment over myself; I have so little crammed with my right hand in the game of dashing, as if I would have found the most beautiful people in the world." ... However, the fears of atheistic knowledge, Robinson immediately stepped in, aware, just now, sick, he saw the awakening of conscience and "Intelligence, with his sinful behavior, having called on himself God's reprisal and without applying a blow to the valley, it will only be fair for me to pay." ... The words about the Prayer of the Lord, Providence, Divine mercy are transmitted by Robinson and are often used in the text, I want to practice living as a serpent in practice. Thoughts about God see him in a sinister way. Yak write A. Elistratov: "In theory, the hero Defoe, until the end of his life, does not condone his puritanical piety; I'm sorry about it " ... Robinson himself is aware of this. Thoughts about Providence, miracle, how to make him into cob-like extravagance, while the mind does not know the clever explanations of what was going on, є to other such testimonies, who do not stream on the deserted island of the hero's likeness, it is in the middle, in the middle. I, navpaki, entrusted to the rosum, rationalistically explain the reason for that "miracle", as a streaming factor. Being materially to create, it is a good idea at the same hour to recognize the function of a psychologic obmezhuvach. All notification will be on the set of these two functions, on the accustomed dialogue between the general and the rationalistic beggars, the simple-minded childish drowsy and the judgmental. Two points of view, angry in one hero, without kint to lead a superbroad. It’s a mistake to be introduced to the first ("God") or other (healthy) moments, to develop and stylistic designs. Among the first, there are rhetorical food, hail words, pathetic words, folding phrases, there is a great number of church words, quotes from the Bible, sentimental epithets; in a different way, laconic, simple, underestimated according to the figurative rows of mova. Yak butt can be given a description by Robinson of his feelings from the drive of the henchman of barley grains: "It’s not hard to convey, in the yak the sum'yattya has brought down me the whole thing! Until quietly, I didn’t keruvali relіgіynі ... But if I smacked the barley, it is virіs ... in the powerless sympathetic climatius, but the head, unfortunately , I became a virity, so God has a miraculous rite of virosty without us, just for that, just blow me away on this wild, hopeless island. ... If Robinson guessed about the vitrusity of the beast, "The miracle happened, and at once with the recognition that everything became the most natural way, I am guilty of being ignorant, meaning my heartbreak and my hot attention to Providence" ... Tsikavo, yak Robinzon, in this mission, is played in the provincial plan of the development of rationalization. "A mіzh team then When I was eating it, the bulo mayzhe itself is not transferred, as a miracle, and, even at every time, it did not deserve less visibility. Fair enough: why not the fingers of Providence can be seen in the fact that there are thousands of barley grains popped by pike-perch, 10 or 12 grains that have fallen from the sky? And if you need me, you need to change the vitrusity of the little mischief on the galyavin, where a few fell from the skeli, and we could go right away! Aje varto bulo me to throw them nebagato gave, and the stench of boule b bedrooms with a son " ... In the іnshomu mіsci Robinzon, having gone for Tyutyun in a comor, write: "Crazy, by my actions Keruvalo Providinnya, more, when I see the screen, I know in new ways not only for til, but for the soul: in Perche, tyutyun, yaky shukav, in a different way - Bibliya"... W tsogo Georeferencing pochinaєtsya alegorichne osmislennya Robіnzonom AIAI on yogo share suitability peripetіy i, yak mozhna nazvati "praktichnoї іnterpretatsієyu Bіblії" dan іnterpretatsіyu zavershuyut "prostodushnі" power P'yatnitsі scho vіdkidayut Robіnzona in vihіdnu pozitsіyu -ruh hero in tsomu i vipadku viyavlyaєtsya uyavnim , the price is based on cola, so that the volodin can see the development and the resulting static. Robinzon's hopes for God to flinch over to rozcharuvannya. Tsi go over and over again to change one to one, do not lead to any significant figure. "In such a rank, the fear of living from my soul, whether I hope for God, all my hopes are on him, like being grounded on the pavement of a miraculous proof of his kindness to me." ... І right there: "Then I thought, that God is not only just, ale and all-good: I do not care so much, but I can and allow me to be guilty; if it’s not to be hurt, then there’s my bondage, I’m afraid of your will. encouraging and praying yo, and also wondering innocently, do not send me a banner that bends his will " ... Ale and I do not make a mistake at all, but I will continue to live by entering myself. І etc. Mіrkuvannya Robіnzona bear sobі fіlosofske navantazhennya, vіdnosyachi novel to rozryadu fіlosofskoї pritchі, but the stench pozbavlenі whether yakoї abstraktnostі and postіynim zcheplennyam of podієvoї specifics stvoryuyut organіchnu Yednist text, not porivayuchi podієvy number and Lachey zbagachuyuchi Yogo psihologіchnoї that fіlosofskoї components i tim himself expandable yogo sens. Skin analysis of the pod of nem rozpukhaє, recruited in all, hourly double-valued values and sense, repeatedly repeating and turning the stereoscopic character of the system. Characteristically, the devil Robinzon zgadu nagato rіdshe, nіzh God, that tse ni do not: as God himself is in the punishment function, the devil zyviy. Rozmova with God, so it’s the very and permanently secret of the Yogo name, the bagatorazovy of the beast and the mercy of God disappear, as only Robinson turns into suspension, and the common life is renewed. Zіdobuttam znіshnіh dialogues know the need for a dialogue internal. In the text there are the words "God", "God", "punishment" and all the past. The originality and aliveness of the relevance of Robinzon's religious views served as a drive for the late writer in his attacks on the religion and culture, and that was the reason for the writing of the third volume - “Serious thoughts of Robtyanzon Cruz. ... On the thought of critics (A. Elistratova i in.), Tsey tom buv "Insurances for those who want to bring the religious orthodoxy of the author himself, and his hero to the religion, I am taken by some critics of the first one" .II.9. Stylistic and lexical space Y.Kagarlitsky wrote: "Romani Defoe grew out of the journalist's virtue. All the smells of literary embellishments, written from the first individual, lively rose-colored at that hour, forgive, precise and clear."... However, I live in a different way of absolutely amusement, be it roughness and shortness, but, navpaki, aesthetically smoothing. Mova Defoe flows smoothly and easily. Stylization from the people's mov to the stagnant principle of plausibility. For the most part, it’s not popular and not so simple in design, protesting in a similar way to popular movement. Denmark's effect is to reach the stagnation of versatile prizes: 1) with frequent repetitions and three times, with a fabulous manner of reporting, refrains: so, Robinson is three times overwhelmed, the first to throw on the island, drinking in full, flowing to the schooner with the boy Ksury and їkh short robin; the same three times - with the knowledge of P'yatnytsya (from the chat - next, then - the surplus of the Kanibalsky benketu wilds, і, nareshty, the dickens themselves, who pass the P'yatnytsya); nareshti, three dreams; 2) pererahuvannyam simple dіy 3) report description labor activity and objects 4) in the daytime rapid constructions, written hymns, rhetorical figures 5) in the daytime gallant, double-valued and intellectually abstract last romance Defoe "Roxana" (admit the evasion, inflict a visit, be honored, allowing the capture, etc.]. In "Robin Crusoe" the words get used to their direct sense, and the word is exactly related to the described action: "Be afraid to spend a second of an expensive hour, I darted out of the place, putting my drabin up to the ledge of the mountain, and becoming a scuffle up the hill" ... 6) we often use the word "God". On the island Robinzon Delighting the human, maximally approaching nature, swearing for someone to drive, and intracting a little call from turning to light. 7) introduced into the role of the head of a dyyovoy individual of a zychayy people, which is simple, accessible to a philosophical mind, a practical grip and living with a zmist 8) overwhelmed by the people's primes: "I have brutalized respect, it’s absolutely right for the board to go to bedtime, and in such a rank, it’s time to get ready to boards and dry land." ... Robinson at the forefront of becoming a national calendar, wait a minute. 9) Robinzon's bezposrednym reacts on the occasional twists and turns of the weather and the surroundings: having bumped the next legs or wilds, the fear has come to the fore; hanging on an empty island, it appears to be rocked; radі to the first, I grow, we crackle speeches; to get confused by failures. The "aesthetic nimity" of the text is twisted in the same way Robinson's move, in proportion to the novel parts of the novel, in the very allegorical nature of the podies and semantic sensibility of the discourse. The delay in the development is carried out by means of a roundabout, spiral-like repetition, as they increase the drama: slid - kanibalske benket - arrival of wild animals - p'yatnytsya. Abo, for the drive to grab the motive of the turn: the state of affairs, the henchman of the broken ship, the sake of feeling the mischief at P'yatnitsa, the pirate, the turn. The share does not immediately declare its right to Robinson, but the Nemov are distributing to him the distribution signs. For example, Robinson's consumption on the island is bordered by a whole series of triumphant and symbolic podias (reception): along with the house, a storm, consumed in full, in the course of life in distant Australia, a ship accident. All the vicissitudes of the day are less than the continuation of the cob in the course of Robinson, which is increasingly coming to the booth. The "prodigal syn" will be able to outsmart the share, to contribute to it, and to be given a deprivation of the price of 30 richesky self-reliance.
visnovok
The structure of Defoe's novel "Robinson Crusoe" is based on the synthesis of genres that were previously used: life, memoirs, schodennik, chronicle, adventure novel, Shakhrayskiy, - and a self-narrative form. The memoir of the dominant is more circulated in the island part of the announcement, at that hour, in the main part, the elements of the autobiography prevail. Stable developmental compositions, which include: memoirs, descriptions and history, prayers, from below, which indicate the role of notification in notification, adventurism, repeatable structure, elements of retrospective ... D. -Depho having solved the tale of a believable life written by an eyewitness. The protest novel is a distant kind of life, like a singing "aesthetic navmisnist" text like in style, and in structural presentation, and, moreover, may well be worthless reading of the heroes: chastkovo-scrutinized in a kind of symbols. The reason for the popularity and the popularity of the novel is not only in the lack of familiarity of the Victorian Defoe story, but in the addictive simplicity of the story, but in the semantically emotional internal text, because of how often the recipients are called, navmisnom drama, confusion. Its popularity is the novel of goiter's knitting and the adaptability of the head image -Robinzon, this positive assignment of the one who pays off, be it the other. Robinson's positive assignment is to shrink in the most positive assignment to the novel as a kind of utopia about purely accepted practice. In his romance, Defoe has found elements of the protagonists, to navigate the incomprehensible in the ways of composition and in the style of peculiarities of information: Cossacks and chronicles, - having set the epic of pratsi in such and such a rite. The same wicked aspect, the lightness of the hooked one, enchants the readers. The very image of the head character is not unambiguous, as it can be done from the first read, for the sake of simplicity, the wiklade was vaped for their share. When on the island Robinson played the role of a creator, an upbeat, a laborer, a bunker in the jokes of the harmony of the people, relying on God himself, then in the pre-island part of the novel, readings from one side, like a typical shahrai, start up in risky from іnshogo, yak lyudin adventuri, yaky shukaє fit, fortune. The transformation of the hero on the island is of a Cossack character, and the transformation into a cob mill at the turn of the civilized suspension. Chary to know, і the hero becomes like such, like і bov, іn thе hostile іnhhh prehistoric, іn thе way іn thе way іt wins thе caste, thаt іѕ static. In his upcoming novels, Defoe will make the Shakhraysk ear of his heroes and manner of reporting. Yak wrote to A. Ulistratov: "Robinson Crusoe" is a history of the enlightenment novel. The bagaty of the genre known to him in a step-by-step manner, with the growing speed, will be mastered by the writer in his newest announcing creations ... " ... Defoe himself, mabut, did not grasp the meaning of the literary message he had crushed. It is not for nothing that the other volume of "Use Robinson Crusoe" (1719), the assignments to the description established by Robinson on the island of a colony, similar to the success of Mav. By all appearances, the secret is that Defoe is depicted in a manner that is less poetic than in the context of the experiment inverse, and has absorbed his posture by the context. Rousseau called "Robinson Crusoe" "a charming book", "gave a treatise about nature vikhovannya", and M. Gorky, calling Robinson in a series of images, like vin vvazhaє "absolutely finished types", writing: "Tse for me is still monumental creativity, like melodiously for everyone, a little bit to smell the harmony to the utmost ..." ."Artistic freedom to the novel, - cared for Z. Grazhdanskaya, - in yo vinyatkovy plausibility, how to create documentary and divovizhn_ simplicity and clarity mov ".
literature
1. Atarova K.M. Secrets of simplicity // Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe. - M., 1990. 2. Bakhtin M.M. Nutrition of Literature and Aesthetics. - M., 1975 3. Ginzburg L. About the psychology of prose. - L., 1971 4. A. Elistratova. English novel of the era of Prosvitnitstva. - M., 1966 5. Sokolyanskiy M.G. Western European Novel of the Epoch of Enlightenment: Problems of Typology. - Kiev; Odessa, 1983 6. Starr J.A. Defoe and Spiritual Autobiography. - Princenton, 1965 7. Karl Frederick R. A Reader "s Guide to the Develipment of the English Novel in the 18th Century. - L., 1975 8. Meletinsky .M. Poetics of Myth. - M., 1976 9. Zimmerman Everett Defoe and the Novel - Berkeley; Los Ange les; London 1975 10. Dennis Nigel Swift and Defoe - In .: Swift J. Gulliver 's Travels. An Authoritative Text. - N.Y. 1970 11. Braudy Leo. Daniel Defoe and the Anxieties of Autobiography. - Genre, 1973, vol. 6, No. 1 12. Urnov D. Defoe. - M., 1990. 13. Shklovsky V. Artistic prose. - M., 1960 14. Shklovsky V. Theory of prose. - M., 1960 15. Watt I. The RR of the Novel. - L., 19 16. West A. Mountain in a sleepy light // "To the world", 1960, No. 9, pp. 50-17. Dikkens Ch. Sobr. Op. in 30 vols., v. 30. - M., 1963 18. Hunter J.P. The Reluctant Pilgrom. - Baltimore, 1966 19. Scott Walter. The Miscellaneous Prose Works. - L., 1834 vol. 4 20. History of foreign literature of the XVIII century / Ed. Plavskina Z.I. - M., 1991 21. History of the All-Holy Literature, vol.5 / Ed. Turaeva S.V. - M., 1988 22. A short literary encyclopedia / Ed. Surkova A.A. - M., t.2, 1964 23. Urnov D.M. Happy Writer // Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe. History of Colonel Jack. - M., 1988 24. Mirimsky I. Realism Defoe // Realism of the XVIII century. at call. Zb. Art., M., 1936 25. History of the English literature, v.1, v.2. - M.-L., 1945 26. Gorky M. Collected works. in 30 vols., v.29. - M., 19 27. Nersesova M.A. Daniel Defoe. - M., 1960 28. Anikst A.A. Daniel Defoe: Draw life and creativity. - M., 1957 29.Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe (prov. M. Shishmareva). - M., 1992 30. Uspensky B.A. Poetics of composition. - M., 1970 31. Literary encyclopedic dictionary / Ed. V. Kozhevnikova, P. Mikolaev. - M., 1987 32. Lessing G.E. Laocoon, about the boundaries of painting and poetry. M., 1957 33. literary encyclopedia ed ed. V. Lunacharsky. 12 vols. - M., 1929-pp., Vol. 3, p. 226-
(Behind the novel by Daniel Defoe "Robinson Crusoe")
"Robinson Crusoe" is a book about the whole world. Vona duzhe shvidko has become popular among readers of all regions, the bullet has been shifted to the top of the whole world. A lot of rock has passed from quiet times, like Daniel Defoe having written tsey tvir, and even now it’s the first time to be read with great interest and good reading. Thousands of people know about the history of Robinzon Crusoe for the first time, millions of readers re-read the book again and again, and the skin is familiar with the new, skinned heroes. Children play Robinson Crusoe haunted life, Tvir itself does not seem to be on the watch. The history of Robinzon Crusoe has ceased to be a history of concrete specialty, it has become a symbol.
Robinson Crusoe, melodiously, like a wicked people, with his joys and sorrows. Win, mozhlvo, not being suspicious of special talents. It is the very thing to celebrate him so close to us, his mind to the skin, and his thoughts and life, the principle to wick the spirit and kindness to the hero. Moreover, Robinson is located in a twisted camp, maybutnє lyakaє yogo. The change from civilization is created for the first time in death. I want to see you. This is how the author of Robinson depicts his first days of life on a deserted island.
Protest, in an hour Robinzon is forced to think about those who see in new minds, and see the hope. It’s hard to get sick of the trouble for a while, I’ll be able to do it, but it’s self-conscious.
If Robinson has spent a meal on the island, then it will be less than that, it will be on the new one. Instruments, as far away from the ship, helped to see, but the little girl made the most of the people. Robinzon will be a life of its own, from the known grains of bread. Kozy, who lived on the island, grow thin with their home thinness and give him milk and sir. Schob virostity from decilkoh grains is enough bread, there was a splinter of rocky robots. For Robinzon, the price of grain meant not only the power of the grain. Tse bula yogo got over the evil share.
Paint yourself, mind life, Robinzon virishuє will persuade the choven.
The creature has even more richly applied to that, which can kill a human being, can cause unprecedented will and purposefulness. Zhodne viprobuvannya could not malign Robinson's character. Win throwing a wiklik to the surroundings and changing them.
Robinson's non-flamboyant character will keep the rice of all people in mind. Lyudina is not guilty of being afraid of difficult situations. Same tsya dumka є with the creation of "Robinson Crusoe". And for that very thing, the history of the wicked sailor, who are the founders of the easy-going robots and the non-destructive nature of the zooms, and rises above the uncomfortable surroundings, in the future, if you will read more miraculous books... So yak the butt of Robinson's pre-river not only on a deserted island, but on a poorer life.
- "Life and diversification, fit the sailor Robinson Crusoe." The author presents his main character as a human, respectable and honest, to the involvement of a “healthy deafness”, stikosti and pratsovitosti.
For the plot of the book Robinson left for a deserted island. Win viyavlyayutsya one-on-one with nature. And here history is to be repaired, as the novel has given its imminent significance.
Life and Divovision of Robinson Crusoe. Film 1972 r
All the positive qualities of the hero - his acceptance, the ease of the up-to-date mind, the power of knowing the present supplements. Win will be a khatin, widen the cave, species of beetle, grow the walls for the defense of the wild, tame the kiz, soil the soil, and the grain will grow the first harvest.
Difficult, overwhelming and straightforward ones are not safe to carry it on the skin: the sun is burning the first seed, the birds and the beast of the grain, the earthquake will block the fire of the fire, and it is not safe to attack the next man. Ale Robinson is not discouraged, he is firmly appraised for his skin and will always be impressed.
Samotnya ludin on a samotny island, win nemov repeat the way of people: mislivets, cattle, hliborob, piznishe slave-class, nareshty, gentleman of the little colony. In detail, with details, naming exact numbers, the author of the story is before us the history of the hero's creative zusil. Strong hands you can do miracles with a practical mind. An enthusiastic message about robinzonadi sounds like a flood of hymns to human prats and to human sentiment. Forward in the history of literature, the topic of pratsi became central theme great artistic creation... In Defoe's book, a voice sounded vira in a man, in his creativity, in the power of his hands and mind.
Defoe is his own, leaning on the pose of the hero's suspension as a "natural human being." Robinson's feat of labor brought glory to the novel. On the next stage of rock "Robinson Crusoe" became one of the favorite childish books. Jean-Jacques Rousseau having respected that "Robinson Crusoe" is a great book, as soon as you read a skinny child, I should be able to read a primer.
In the history of English Literature XVIII v. Defoe's tvir has become a significant move on the way to realism. material light varto in the center of respect for the hero and the author and to paint a report, bordering on concrete. The accuracy of the description of the main illusion of the general plausibility of the described Defoe podіy, it’s not a novel about vigadan history, but the shmatok of the life itself - it’s not enough for the title arc to be written, but the life itself is useful for the hero.
So you can enjoy the truth of the picture of the situation in the whole romance with the cleverness of the plot itself. There is also a philosophical novel behind the idea and meaning, an enlightened parable about Lyudin, who can and is guilty of ordering nature.
Robinson is a gallery of energetic, active heroes, who are so richly optimistic
The central place in the novel is the theme of the development and spiritual formation of the hero.
Before the reading, go through all the stages of its development: without turbulence in the house; a youthful rebellion against the will of the fathers and the desire to rise in price; sincerely coarse and pragmatic to a shrewd zbagachennya; on the cob, go to the deserted island for a ship accident and the struggle for survival; nareshty, the deed spiritually revived of the hero and - as a result of the great transfer to the island - more and more mindfulness of senseu buttya. Yak Bachimo, "Robinson" is not in the minor world "Roman Vikhovannya", not "Tom Jones" but "Perigrin Pikl".
However, "Robinson Crusoe" is not just a history of a wicked young man, who has risen in the early days of the head of a girky life-long message on the road. This is a whole allegorical parable (you can read the novel like that) - a story about the reluctance of a lost soul, covered with the original sin, and through the beast to God, I knew the way to the end. At the very moment of his transfer to the island Robinson, he will begin to comprehend the skin and dib'yazkov, as “the promise of God”. In quiet terms, re-evaluating my life and all my previous life: “Now, nareshty, I clearly see how my present life, from the efforts of my fellow citizens and non-paradigms, happily, I am so fierce, victorious, great life.
Everything in me is changing: woe and joy I am now in a state of mind; do not bully at me bazhannya; addictions have lost their hospitality ... " sincere and they were able to transfer them to their share. Navigate from the beginning, let us appear as heroes, comprehended and symbolic: “... I flowed from my home in Gull, to start swimming, in the same month and in the same month, if I had a full day of sleep. On that very day, if I lost my life from the ship's accident on the Yarmouth roadstead, I would have gone from the greedy captivity to the ship's boat. Nareshty, in the village of my people, and even 30 spring, since twenty years have passed, I wonderfully vryatuvavsya all through death, being a vikinutia by the sea to a deserted island. With such a rank, life and life were revered for me on the same day. " The rest of the zbig is especially significant: the hero yak bi is experiencing another people - he sees everything, that tax was earlier, and grows on the spheres of the spirit. A literary model for such a motivation to serve the "Pilgrim's Shlyakh", which was repeatedly presented by "Robinzona" by radians and foreigners. Having placed them in "Serious thoughts of Robinson Crusoe" and Defoe himself, this is his work, like Benyan's novel, to the genre of "parables": -the artist Robinson Crusoe. "
The hero of the novel by Benyan Christians travels from Mista Ruynuvannya and, having passed through the vuzka gates, knows the way to the righteous life. Having passed on the way, focus, focus and cross, including the "Fairs of Life of Suuti" (from Benyan, taking the name of his famous novel from Thackeray), passing through all the moral and physical education, the hero of the financial Like a parable about spiritually fall and revival People can be seen and Defoe's novel, and Robinson, as a Christian, is represented in two hypostases - as a sinner, and as a godly man. See such comprehension of the book and interpretation of the novel as a biblical story about the prodigal son: Robinzon, who despised the father's joy, who, having abandoned his own house, step by step, go through the bogorstok for repentance, bestowed upon him in the endless rakhunok of peace and prosperity.
However, with all the publicity to the image of Robinson in the novel є і a specific autobiographical moment, at the same time introducing Defoe himself in "Serious thoughts of Robinson Crusoe": zagalna schema a life of a life spanning twenty-eight years, carried out in a mindlessness, self-help, which hardly fell on the lot of a mortal; in the continuation of the cycle of fate, I passed in the light of miracles, in non-wine storms, fighting against the hottest savages and people, and having survived the uninvited divovyzhni fit - stuck with great miracles, now in the history of crows; viprobavav all manifest zhorstokost and tyranny; having felt the injustice of the endorsement and contempt of people, the attacks of devils, heavenly hazards and earthly persecution; having survived the neat little moments of fortune, buv in the polony, better than Turkish, and in a cunning way, like in the history of Ksuri and with a sala boat; having spent the dashing in the sea, having once again floated to the surface and once again ginuv, - and such ills and fall will be with me stretching out one more life, not with anyone else; often collapsing, wanting more on land, less on the sea, shorter, not a lot of furniture in the history of history, as it didn’t go too far on the real thing and didn’t see it, crock by croc, in the unrepeatable "Robinzon" -. Tse viznannya (I hope it is broken from the name of Robinzon) given to the critics of Stverdzhuvati, that before us is Defoe's spiritual autobiography, Vicladen in alegorical form. Є To look for a long time, to try to try literally the skin epizode of the book to know the difference in the real life of the creator. With such a read Robinzon's visit from the house, he saw Defoe, all over the father’s will, take the priestly dignity, the ship's accident - the fire of the Monmouth rebellion (there is a sharp protest against the reactionary version), the tori etc. With the focus of some kind of interpretation given and the historian-Marxist A. L. Morton, in the captain of the captain, the sale of the boy Ksuri into slavery: ? "
Jean Jacques Rousseau knows the novel Defoe is still one genre of value- "the most distant treatise about nature vikhovannya". Win, mabut, having persecuted in romance not just rozvazhalnye reading, but singing moral and philosophical tendencies. For Rousseau Robinson is one of the first images of "natural people" in literature, not captured by a fortuitous civilization, driven from her, and robbing his life of harmony and happiness. In this aspect, Defoe's novel was looked at in the beginning of the XVIII - the ear of the XIX century. author of numerical literary obroboks, in the same way, in sentimentalism, interpreting yogo, zokrem, I. G. Campe, having let his hero go quietly with the necessary items, like the English Robinson taking away from the ship.
However, with Defoe, a champion of progress and material goodness to the nation, I will not be able to increase the level of "natural" over civilization. It is clearly seen from the book: “For many years - for many days, you can say - I am in the most beautiful barves, revealing myself, as if I were timid, as if I didn’t get away from the ship. My only one is bull and riba and turtles. And so yak passed a rich hour, if I know turtles, then I just died of hunger. And without turning the yakbi, then the bi yak dikun is alive. " "Alive bi yak dikun", - tsei zhakh of the sanctified English in front of dykun, "natural" camp is exactly the thought of D. Ur-niv: "Do not be forgiven because of the nature, but, navpaki, virvati for the wild man because of the so-called" simplicity "and" nature " Robinson ". However, he gave a protistavlya Defo yogo to the post-heirs: "Tim for an hour" robinzonadi "entuziasm will be on a piece knight of people from comradeship." Ale hiba is not the same way to fix Defoe?
I Rousseau, as you ponder, will not be right to spare a lot. Robinzon, madly, civilized ludin, a product of civilization, overwhelmed by knowledge, spiritual admiration, material riches, just a little bit of it, ale of wine, and the "ale" for the greats of the significant “So I live on my island quietly and calmly, completely resigned to the will of God and given the providence. All my life became more beautiful human suspension; skinny times, if I feel sorry for me, I don’t feel human movement, I nourished myself, my hiba rose with vigorous thoughts and (I do, I don’t have the right to say it) in prayers and glorifications with God himself, I didn’t want to be happy an hour in a human suspension? "
Robinzon is seen from the life of the suspension, to deny Hobbes's law "destroy all against everything"; All his intellect, guilt, energy is guilty of directing the deprivation to the root of nature, and not to the cultivation of ourselves. Great Defoe is in that and polyagaє, who has shown a zvychayu people in opposition to nature and to themselves, their commitment, goodwill and kintsev's ability to fight. The humanistic pathos of the book is kindly intelligent or romantic. “You’re just a People, stop reading її,” - talk about “Life of Robinson” by S. T. Kolridge.
Hunger is not a sign of friendship, ni dispute, ni justice, ni rights and inaccessibility to the end of the summons and non-old days before spivchutty ", - the author is pragmatically pragmatic, the author in" Good for Robinzon Crusoe ". That in the suspension The need for a ludicrous man on the evil, to be supported by the heroes of Defoe's other novels: Moll Flanders, Captain Jack, Roxani - are skinned to eat shmatok fatter for the boorish one. That Robinzon himself, perebuyuyu in suspension, come not more beautifully: zgadaimo would like sales in slavery boy Ksuri. Truly great is the hero of Defoe who knows only before the hour of his own self-transfer on the island. In the presence of cats, dogs, papugas, and in the presence of the true P'yatnitsi harmony, they appear, altogether, to appear to people on the Robinson Islands, as they repaired the steps, the creeps, the fortune-tellers. Significantly, in another part of the novel, having come to the world and order in his "volodinnyas", Robinson still doesn’t get in the way of overloading the pals of the island.
The self of the hero on the island allows the author to tinker and bare the actions of social and economic nutrition. Violence and welfare, value and vigor, trade ... 17 "General English merchant" (1725-1727). Ian Watt, an English literary scholar, called "Robinson" "a classic idiom of a vile pedagogy".
Leave lyudin in a sleepy pose with a suspension, all the problems and harmonize and say goodbye: “... I got the same style, but it was done for me. I have a lot of turtles without laughter, but I am satisfied with the tim, so I have driven in one at a time. (...) I’ve got it, I’ve been satisfied with it, why did I get it all? I have set up more game and having sowed more bread, less food in the world, my bread has gone to the country, and the game has been brought to wickedness ... " Gentlemen.