Signs of the natural ecosystem. vidi ecosystem
Vivchit the ecosystem through a great number of wintry, how to enter the warehouse, even smoothly. The main components of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are abiotic speech, producers, consumers and reductions.
Abiotic speech - tse inorganic spoluksі okremі elements, but do not enter the warehouse of living or dead organisms. The number of important elements of life is insignificant to be in the differentiated form, available for the life of growths and other organisms. Reshta, great їkh part to take revenge at the fixed form.
Ecosystems are even more profitable. It’s a warehouse to lay aside from bagatokh factors, in the first place to a class, geological minds and people. The stench can be autotrophic, since the main role is played by autotrophic organisms - producers, or heterotrophic, but their role is insignificant. Ecosystems can be natural or created by humans - anthropogenic (in the form of walnuts anthropos - lyudin and genesis - walking).
natural(Natural) ecosystems are formed under the inflow of natural factors, if people can pour on them. At the fox, the lyudin harvests the wood and the field, grazing thinness on the steppe pasture, and fishing for riba in the waters. Wine can absorb the atmosphere, soil, water. However, the inflow of people into the cich ecosystems is less than the inflow of natural factors.
anthropogenic(Piece) ecosystems are created by people in the process of the state's activity. Well, lay it on: the agricultural landscapes with crops and herds of thinness, locality, foliage, sea "cities" from the lamina and "farm" oysters of the sea comb. The warehouse of anthropogenic ecosystems may include and be protected from more other natural ecosystems (a lake or a lake on the territory of a rural ecosystem, a lisopark in a city).
New the ecosystems, transitional between natural and piece, for example, the ecosystem of natural resources of Kalmykia's pastures with herds of silkskohospodarskih tvarins.
Both natural and anthropogenic ecosystems develop behind the energy supply, which will not preserve their living standards.
autotrophic ecosystems being on energetic self-care and being on photoautotrophic - living sleepy energy for developing producers - photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs - vicious energy for producing There is a great part of ecosystems, including silskogospodarsky, є photoautotrophic. In the silskogospodarsk ecosystem of people, to bring in energy, yak is called anthropogenic (dobriva, palne for tractors, etc.). Ale її role is little in relation to the vicorist ecosystem of sleepy energy.
Natural chemoautotrophic ecosystems are formed in underground waters. Anthropogenic chemoautotrophic ecosystems of lyudin squeeze out of microorganisms in some biological clean sporums for the purification of water from inorganic wickedness.
heterotrophic ecosystems vikoristovuyut chemical energy, how to get rid of organic speech at once with coal, or the energy of people's energy attachments.
The butt of the natural heterotrophic ecosystem is the ecosystem of oceanic glybin, where the sleepy light does not reach. Creatures and microorganisms, which enter before it, run behind the shell of the "living board" - corpses and surplus organisms, which fall to the bottom with the sun illuminated by the autotrophic oceanic ecosystem. There are heterotrophic ecosystems and high altitudes in the mountains, de microscopic cliffs are hungry with surpluses of roslin, which bring wind.
Anthropogenic heterotrophic ecosystems are even more flexible. Tse, in Perche, place and industry. The energy in them comes along the lines of power transmission, through the pipes of naphtha - and gas pipelines, in tanks of cars and railway cars. Find a place for a robot industrial enterprises, I produce food for the townspeople. Yake - that is a lot of sleepy energy, the ecosystem will take away the greens for the greens, a little too little in the case of energy, but I will take away the zzovny.
Zupinimya on such butts of natural ecosystems, yak rates, meadow, water supply basin. Biological development in them is not so great, and it is easier to fix the lack of indispensability of living organisms from inanimate nature.
Bet i meadow
Roslin, creatures and microorganisms, which live in cich ecosystems, pour water into a chemistry warehouse, runtu and food.
Stavok, lake abo meadow, as і іnshi ecosystems, є equally important systems, which are stored from new elements.
The speed and intensity of the transition abiotic words from the available forms in the inaccessible and back to lay down among a number of climatic factors - proper sleepy energy, temperature cycle, a few falloffs, more than a light day and others climatic minds, Yaki nadayut adjustable inflow on the function of the ecosystem.
producers water ecosystems are divided into two types:
Great vkorineni or floating roslini -macrophies (make the stench live on milky water, in the illuminated zone);
Other floating dews, the head rank of water growth, are found in those waters, which are called phytoplankton (in Greek. Phyton - roslin, plankton - bloody). The stench is widened in your water and the penetrating light. With a large amount of phytoplankton, the water is rich in greens.
In the great deep waters, phytoplankton have a greater role in
virobniztvі їzhі for the whole ecosystem, nіzh roslinnіst. In terrestrial spіlnotes, navpaki, - more organic products give macroproduct.
Consumers can be divided into two types - primary and secondary. Primordial consumers, albeit herbaceous creatures, gnaw at living dews and parts. At the rate there are two types of primary macro-claims: zooplankton (breeding plankton) and benthos (donny form). In the meadow pasture ecosystems of the growing wild creatures, they can also be divided into two groups: great herbaceous crops and grizzlies; growing coma and іnshі spineless.
Secondary consumers, or meat, are grubbed by the first consumers (at the same time, in the capacity of the odd stink, these are the second consumers, they are called third-party). In the ecosystems, the rate of tsya komakh, pavuki and hiji ribi, in meadow ecosystems - ssavts, ptahs, etc.
The most important consumers are also detritivores, which are susceptible to organic detritus, which come from the upper autotrophic layers.
Before saprotrophic organisms to carry bacteria and fungi. The stench is widened everywhere, albeit especially abundant on the surface of the mule and water. Most of the saprophytes settle only on dead organisms, and even more saprophytes can settle on living ones, they have ailments. There is also a group of microorganisms, which establish with roslin in cooperation with other associations.
With friendly temperature sinks, the first stages of deployment pass quickly: dead creatures and growing surpluses are laid out for more simple times. Deyakі z to take revenge in them elements of living vivіlnyayutsya, vilugovuyutsya and can be victorian again. A part of organic spoluks (cellulose, lignin, humus, etc.) does not develop well;
Structural and functional organization of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is quite similar in some ways, protest is evolved by the species warehouse and the size of trophic components. Terrestrial autotrophy is not so numerical, as water, it is not important to turn over the rest not only by the size of the individuals, but also to the violated biomass on the same area, to produce.
Significant part of the energy of the ground autotrophy is vikoristoyu to induce the supporting fabrics, so that the growths in the vertical position are taken. The supporting fabrics are stored with cellulose and lignin, which are weakly distributed with microorganisms.
Establishments of massive structures of terrestrial dewline create a large number of stony fibrous detritus (leaf litter, tree), which accumulates in a heterotrophic layer. In the water system, detritus is stored in other particles, which are easier to decompose and live with creatures.
In terrestrial ecosystems, a part of sleepy energy is important for vaporation of water, and it is not very large; part of it (about 1%) is used in the process of photosynthesis. The role of vaping and preparation temperature regime aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are not identical.
water intake
Rates and meadows for the first glance are built autonomous, protects against the system, so that they can be included in the quality warehouse parts in larger systems of water intake basins. The stability and function of ecosystems in the meaning of the world is due to the rapid flow and increase of water, speech and organisms in between parts of the water intake basin.
Organizational hardship with water, enriching the social life of the people, to bring about the so-called "cultural" eutrophication - increasing the biological productivity of water bodies as a result of accumulation of biological elements in water. So, in case of uninterrupted soil sampling, the soil is eroded, the field can only be affected by the eutrophication of the water that has been rocked downstream.
In addition, because of the interest of people and the smallest unit of the ecosystem, it is necessary to respect the area of the water intake by the pool, and not to the water supply. Such a single unit is useful for planning, predicting and regulating the inflow on natural objects, as well as storage facilities for a water intake pool (meadow, forest, land, water and other).
The concept of a water supply to the basin allows for a more reliable assessment of the ecosystem and acceptance of the solution, maximally focused on saving.
Small. Natural ecosystem of the Arctic
Krim natural, see and piece ecosystems.
The microcosm is small autonomous "light", or the microcosm, as in the singing world there can be imituvati in the miniature the nature of the old ecosystems. Microecosystems zvvychay vikoristovyutsya in pre-slidnitsky goals. Їх will be in the view of partly supercritical systems (for example, aquarelle), deactivate, when gas exchange with the atmosphere is being seen, otherwise there is no need to exchange biogenic elements and organisms, at the sight of increase in critical systems, With a regulated inflow and current of biogenic elements and organisms. Survival of microcosms - those that can be installed in them strictly controlled and carried out experiments.
You can see two types of biological microsystems.
microsystems The first type is that, according to the essence, nature is "forgiven", in which microorganisms are invaded, built to showcase the wings and to experiment. The system is designed to accommodate singular situations.
microsystems another type is developed by choosing a selection of retinal components and vykoristovye for vivchennya harchuvannya, biochemistry and other aspects of life, including species and strains.
When carrying out ecological studies, one can find piece pools, small dishes, living spaces, which occupy the intermediate position between the microcosm and real minds.
Laboratory and out-of-laboratory models of ecosystems are used for an approximate preliminary assessment in conjunction with complications and experimental infusions, connected with a wide range of people, as well as for redefining the age-related ecology
Misto yak heterotrophic system
Misto, especially promises, is a heterotrophic system that is not based on energy, development materials great areas to be found behind the yogo boundaries. From the natural heterotrophic ecosystem, the place to come is to attack:
More intensive metabolism in one area, for which a great surge of concentrated energy is required;
Great needs in the proper words of the call;
There is a strong and large outflow of outflows, a lot of synthetic ones, more toxic, less outward flow. The connection of the center for the system of middle ground at the entrances and outlets is much more important, but not for any autotrophic system, for example, foxes.
For the improvement of the middle of the population, there is a "green belt", which is included in
itself an autotrophic component: trees, chagarniki, grass lawns, lakes and rates. Organizational products are cut out from a component that has no meaningful role in the life of the place. Without the hope of їzhі, fire, electricity and water, and a place of accolades.
The growth of the world and the development of urbanization of the territory have changed our planet, in a larger world, less than in the minds of people. The land area, occupied by localities in the rural areas of the world, becomes 1 to 5%. It flows into the great middle ground at the entrances and outlets, a place in the meaning of the world of changing nature and the need for intervening flows in the territory, which is located at the most important place in the world. For example, he will drink on products, viroblen from the lisu, snake virubuvati is great lisov massivi.
On one area, the place lives much more energy, less silly labor. Warmly, he drank and drank those speeches, as they approve of the results of the function of the place, make it difficult for them to wake up and change the climate. As a rule, in places it is warmer, more cold, less sleepy light, more dark and foggy, less in the adjacent silky masses.
Slid vrahuvati, how the function of the place is to be recognized in the obstructed atmosphere and to navigate the significant places from them.
Misto, as a rule, not viroblyaє or mayzhe not viroblyaє їzhu or іnshі organic speech. Talking about the place yak about the ecosystem, you can’t be surrounded by the boundaries of that, forget it, you need to keep the great middle ground at the entrances and outlets.
Rozdil 2. Organization of the biosphere
Lecture 10. Tipi ecosystems
10.2. Natural and piece ecosystems
The most important, they see natural and piece ecosystems. natural ecosystems It is seen in significant vidual growths, it is a trivial hour, the stench is built up to self-regulation, it is great stability, style. It is made in them biomas and lively speeches to become lonely and vicious in the boundaries of biocenoses, to spare resources. piece ecosystems - agrocenoses (wheat fields, cartoplas, towns, farms with close pastures, rates of ribovod and іn.) become a small part of the surface of the land, albeit give close to 90% of grub energy. branch Silskoy government For a long time, it has been supervised over the aggrandizement of the dewdrops on significant areas in order to be a place for a small number of people, most of the visitors for grazing.
Malunok 10.2 - Classification of natural ecosystems
(According to V.A.Vronsky, 1997)
However, a group of people’s activity in the Silk-Gospodar community was included in the biochemistry cycle and did not generate a surge of energy in the biosphere. At the bitter agricultural industry, the vicariousness of synthesized energy has grown up at a mechanical processing of the earth, vicariously kind and pesticides. Tse porushu zagalny energetic balance of the biosphere, which can lead to non-transferable inheritance. One of the main features of the agroecosystems of the field is the fact that for their functions there is a necessary surge of additional energy. Without this stench, you can’t be awake. At the same time, in agrocenoses, a part of the required people, and the potential energy associated with it, is significant, to decrease the fertility of soils. It is not necessary to add goodness to the soil, it is necessary to gradually add goodness to the soil, to select the types of culture for growing. Agrocenoses can be stable, the reason for the instability of the field is that agrocenoses are composed of one (monoculture) or a maximum of 2-3 species. Itself be-like a sickle, be a shkidnik can reduce agrocenosis. However, lyudin svidomo idde on the understanding of the structure of the agrocenosis, sob to correct the maximum output of the product. Agrocenoses in the big step, lower natural cenosi (forest, meadow, pasture), grazing to erosion, wilugovannya, salinization and bulk shkidniks. Without the participation of people, agrocenoses of grain and vegetable crops can not grow any more, berry dews - 3-4, fruit crops - 20-30 rock. Then the stench raises or comes back.
The challenge of agrocenoses in front of natural ecosystems є the production of food products, necessary for people, and great flexibility, to increase productivity. However, the stench is realizable only with continuous turbocharging about the warmth of the earth, the protection of the cultivated populations, varieties and breeds of growing plants and animals from the uncomfortable infusions of natural flora and fauna.
| Front |
Ludin will be removed new species products from natural ecosystems. Protect the main dzherel of grub resources for the new є silskoe statehood. Silskogospodarska the humanity is built on natural ecosystems. In addition, people are very good at formulating individual ecosystems and adapting them to the detriment of food products. Tsi piece ecosystems are called agroecosystems.
agroecosystems(View of Greek. agros- field) - piece ecosystems, leaves and vikoristovuvana people for rejecting silky consumer products or for some reason.
Agroecosystems take up approximately 30% of the total land area of our planet. About 10% of them fall on the ground, or 20% are occupied by the pasture.
The Republic of Belarus has a strong role in the economy. The area of the silkskogospodarsky ugіd is close to 75%. There are about 60% of them on a part of the winter lands. The main types of agroecosystems in our country є: ornі fields, sіnokosi і pastures, fruit gardens, Towns, greenhouses, farms, rates.
The industrialization of the Silskoy government is not just a plus, but a minus. Suchasnі agroecosystems to become ecological security for natural ecosystems. Stuck in them cheeky to help fight with schoolchildren - pesticides for the help of the voyage, eating the lantsyugs, the food is transferred to the natural ecosystems, zabrudnyuchi їkh. Otzhe, it is necessary to expand the scope of biological methods of fighting. Aboveworldly introduction of mineral and organic goodness can be affected by the obstruction of groundwater and surface water. Bur'yans and komakhs-shkidniks from the agroecosystems of the building migruvati in the natural ecosystems and negatively pouring on them.
In order to reduce the negative inflow of agroecosystems in the natural environment, a great deal of work is carried out in the Republic of Bilorus along the line of productive, highly economical and ecological agrocomplexes.
Institute of Vegetable Production of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bila modern technologies... For example, the obscuration cultivator does not only grow between the rows of vegetable crops, but it doesn’t only add pesticides and mineral goodness. Yogo can be vikoristovuvati for processing cartopland and other prosapnyh cultures. Combination of the seeding unit instantly drenches the soil, preparing it to sowbi and hanging in a dotted way for planting vegetable crops. With a great deal of wine, the dosage of the introduced granular mineral goodness. OAO "Bobruiskagromash" for the first time issued machines for internal soil introduction of rare organic goodies. At a number of enterprises, machines for dosed introduction of solid organic and mineral goodness.
agroecosystem structure
Agroecosystems are biosystems of the same organisation and natural ecosystems. Smells include alcohol and biotope, which are tied by the exchange of speech and energy.
Agroecosystems are often derived from natural ecosystems:
| criteria porvnyannya |
natural ecosystems | agroecosystems |
|---|---|---|
| walk | The first natural structural unit of the biosphere, which was established as a result of a trivial evolution | Secondary piece structural units of the biosphere, stems by people |
| species structure | Folding systems with great views, in which house of views. Species structure to form pid two factors of the middle. Cultural (sil'skogospodarskі) roslini vіdsutnі |
Simplified systems with small species diversity. They have dominated, as a rule, one cultivation by people kind of roslin or tvarin. Species structure shape yak for other factors of the middle, as well as with the initial role of people |
| style | Powerfully dynamic dynamism for the development of self-regulation and adaptability of trophic links. Kharchova lantsyugi dovgi (3-5 lanok), and kharchova collapsible |
Nestiykі, without pіdtrimka people and shydko ruinuyutsya. Self-regulation during the day. Harchovy lantsyugi are short (2-3 lanka), kharchova hem is simple |
| productivity | Productivity is the first step towards sleepy energy and a degree of isolation | Productivity comes from the beginning of the sukupnaya energy (Sonyachna energy + energy, entered by a human), which can be entered into the system. lie down from the technical base and economic possibilities of the suspension |
| circuit of rechovin | Circuitry of rechains and closures. Everything is pure primordial products are victorious to be consumers and reducers |
Circumstances of nonpowers and non-closure. main part pure primary products in viglyadі I give birth to Lyudin viluchaє for their consumption and feed thinness. Vilucheni on the level of producers of speech to memorize on the level of detrital lancers in viglyad organisms (detritus) or mineral good |
| Ecological safety | Environmentally safe, not dzherel zabrudnyuch rechovin |
Environmentally friendly, є dzherel zabrudnyuchih speeches. Buildings on the strength of natural ecosystems |
Agroecosystems are piece systems, stems and adaptations by people for the purpose of rejecting agricultural products, for some reason. Rice agroecosystems є: a small species of growth, low efficiency, lack of self-regulation, incomplete and non-closure of the circulation of words, the appearance of a pre-existing energy source, and biological productivity.
Among the natural biogeocenoses and ecosystems, there is a sense of personality, piece by piece with the government's activity of people, - an agroecosystem (agrocenosis, agrobiocenosis, agricultural ecosystem).
agroecosystems(Vid Greek. Agros - field) - biotic alcoholic breeding, established and regularly taken by people with the help of rejecting silky-consumer products. The name includes the supremacy of organisms that linger on agricultural land.
To the agroecosystem, bring fields, gardens, towns, vineyards, great tvarinnytsky complexes with adjoining piece sheaths. characteristic particularity agroecosystems - low ecological efficiency, even though the yield of one (decilcoh) species or varieties of cultivated roselin or tvarine. The main information on the nature of natural ecosystems - the structure and creation of a species warehouse has been simplified.
Agroecosystems are derived from natural ecosystems by a number of features.
The versatility of living organisms in them is very low in order to reject the highest possible products. On a living or wheat field of a grain of cereal monoculture, you can develop a small number of species of bur'yaniv. On the natural pockets, the biological development is significant, but the biological productivity is more common in the field.
You can see the silkskogospodarsky roslin and food in agroecosystems as a result of a piece, and not a natural species. As a result, the development of the genetic base of agricultural cultures, which are sensitive to the mass propagation of schoolchildren and ailments, is growing.
In natural biocenoses, the primary production of the roslin is to live in the number of lancers of food and again to turn into a system of biological circulation in the view of carbon dioxide, water and elements of the mineral livelihood. Agroecosystems are more visible, from which the speech and energy are used for the harvest, food products, and also as a result of the ruining of the soil.
At the connection with the persistent hardships I grow and deteriorate the processes of soil relief, with a trivial growing monoculture on cultural lands, there is a stepwise decrease in the productivity of soils. The given position in ecology is called the law of decay. In such a rank, for the efficient and rational implementation of the Silskoy government, it is necessary to ensure the development of soil resources and to preserve the usefulness of the soil for the additional development of agricultural technology, rational development and improvement.
The change of the dewline in agroecosystems is not driven by a natural path, but by the will of people, so you don’t expect to be good at being included in these abiotic factors. Especially pristutsya runtovoy ryuchyosti.
The main idea of the agroecosystem of natural ecosystems is the removal of additional energy for normal functioning. It is necessary to consider whether a type of energy is introduced into the agroecosystem. The most important thing is the power of people or creatures, great for robotic and commercial cars, goodness, pesticides, otrutokhimikati, additional illumination, etc. At the understanding of "dodatkova energy", there are also new breeds of svijskih creatures and varieties of cultivated roslin to be included in the structure of agroecosystems.
All the pieces are set up in the agricultural practice of agricultural systems of fields, gardens, pasture meadows, towns, greenhouses and systems, specially adapted by people. In agroecosystems, the power of virality is purely product, so as all the competitive growth in the cultivated grows from the side of the boarians is streamed by agrotechnical approaches, and the formation of grubby lancers for the cultivation of crops
What are the signs of the ecosystem vvazhayutsya stable? The first is a foldable, multi-dominant structure, which includes the maximum possible number of species and populations for the given minds. Another sign is the maximum biomas. I stay - on the basis of the arrival and vitratic energy. It’s crazy that in such ecosystems the lowest level of productivity is spared: biomas is great, but productivity is low. The price is tied together, so the main part is to go into the ecosystem of energy yde to adjust the processes of life.
Slid means that agroecosystems are in the land of non-alcoholic sports goods. The stench didn’t grow up to self-renewal and self-regulation, a strong threat to bend due to mass reproduction of schoolchildren or ailments. For їх education it is necessary to have the power of people.
Piece ecosystems (agroecosystems)
The native type of ecosystems is represented by agroecosystems. agroecosystems(Silskogospodarskiy Ecosystems) is used by people to reject high-purity products of autotrophies (I grow), so that one can see a number of natural features:
- They have a sharp decrease in the versatility of organisms.
- You see, they are cultivated by people, they are grown by a piece of food in the country, a distant view of the primordial, and you can’t show off the fight for seeing wild species without the attention of people.
- Agroecosystems will take advantage of the additional power of energy, including sleepyheads, the workers of the power of people, creatures and mechanisms, so that they do not need to increase the growth of cultivated species. Pure primordial production (harvest) is seen from the ecosystem and does not come near the hedgehog of living.
Piecewise regulation of the number of schoolchildren - there is a great need for thinking about agricultural systems. To that, in the Silkhospodarskiy practice, it is necessary to stop the straining and suppress the number of non-desired species: otrutokhimikati, herbicides, etc. Ecological inheritance of tsikh diy produce, however, up to a number of unimportant effects, they are quiet, for any stench to become stagnant.
In the case of agricultural products, which are stored in agroecosystems, the accent is gradually shifting into the link with the outward development of ecological knowledge. For the change of evidence about the uriv part, the debris of the coenotic links and the boundary simplification of the agrocenoses, the rationalization of the foldable systemic organization, de Lyudin, is often infused into the surroundings of the lanterns, and the whole system is prodigal.
From the ecological positions in the region, it is not unbeatable to help the natural development of the people, transforming the entire landscape into an agricultural one. The main strategy for the establishment of a highly productive and sustainable landscape is to blame for saving and multiplying this development.
The order of high-productive fields is especially due to the preservation of the reserve territories, so that anthropogenic influx is not allowed. Reserves with a wide variety of species є dzherel species to be introduced in the succession ranks of spilots.
Green revolution
One of the forms of the manifestation of the scientific and technical revolution in the Silskoe state is the "green revolution". green revolutionє the re-creation of the Silskoy state dignity on the basis of modern agricultural technology and selection, the period of a cardinal change in progress until the development of roslin and tvarin. As a result of the first period of the revolution, the yield of grain crops has grown 2-3 times, and the assortment of products has increased.
The main tendencies of another period of the "green revolution" boule: natural middle ground, Decreased contribution of anthropogenic energy, victorious biological methods of struggle with schoolchildren of Roslin. However, the active involvement of people in the natural ecosystem and the establishment of agroecosystems has caused a number of negative inheritances: soil degradation, soil degradation, soil obstruction of ecosystems with rutokhimikats.
Ecosystems tse one z to understand them ecology, as it is a system that includes a decal of components: the production of food products, roslin and microorganisms, the middle of living is characteristic, the whole system of interconnection, the workers who are involved in Have nauci іsnu kіlka classical ecosystems. One of them has divided all the ecosystems into two great classes: nature, stemmed by nature, and piece, as the lyudin opened it.
Natural ecosystems They are characterized by: inorganic speeches Once again, close the loop of the conversation: fix it by appearing organic speech and ending with a drop and spreading to inorganic components. Stability and quality before self-renewal.
All natural ecosystems start with advancing signs: 1. Species structure: the number of skin types of creatures or the growth of the line is regulated natural minds... 2. Spacious structure: all organisms grow in a horizontal or vertical direction. 3. Biotic and abiotic speech. Organisms, how to form an ecosystem, to be divided into inorganic (abiotic: light, food, soil, wind, vology, vice) and organic (biological creatures, roslini). 4. At its core, the biotic component extends to virobniks, survivors and ruins.
Piece-by-piece ecosystems “Piece-by-piece ecosystems” refer to the spirits of creatures and roslin, which are lingering in the minds, as they have created people for them. Їх are called noobiogeocenosis or social ecosystems. Apply: field, pasture, place, suspension, space ship, zoological garden, garden, piece rates, water supply.
Ratio characteristics of natural and piece ecosystems Natural ecosystems piece ecosystems The head component is sleepy energy. carbon dioxide gas i viroblyayut kisen Bіlshіst boxed ekosistem spozhivaє kisen i produkuє vuglekisly gas Velike species rіznomanіttya Obmezhena Quantity vidіv organіzmіv Visoka stіykіst, zdatnіst to samoregulyatsії i samovіdnovlennya Slabko stіykіst so yak such ecosystem deposits od dіyalnostі Lyudin closed obmіn rechovin unclosed lantsyug obmіnu rechovin Stvoryuє Georeferencing of residing wild tvarin і Roslin Ruinuє Wildlife Areas
